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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill As a result of our acquisition of AXC on July 1, 2019 (see Note 3, “Reportable Segments” and Note 10, “Business Combinations” for more information), we changed our reportable segments from three segments to four segments: (i) D&S East, (ii) D&S West, (iii) E&C Cryogenics, and (iv) E&C FinFans. The following table represents the changes in goodwill by segment:
| E&C |  | E&C Cryogenics |  | E&C FinFans |  | D&S West |  | D&S East |  | Consolidated
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 295.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 151.3 |  |  | $ | 73.6 |  |  | $ | 520.7 |
Reallocation (1) | (295.8 | ) |  | 183.5 |  |  | 112.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | — |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  | (0.6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.3 | ) |  | (6.8 | )
Goodwill from acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | 240.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 240.1 |
Purchase price allocation adjustments (2) | — |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 38.9 |  |  | 44.0 |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 185.9 |  |  | $ | 351.8 |  |  | $ | 152.1 |  |  | $ | 108.2 |  |  | $ | 798.0 |
Accumulated goodwill impairment loss at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40.9 |  |  | $ | 23.7 |  |  | $ | 82.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147.1 |
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(1) | The former E&C segment goodwill and accumulated goodwill impairment loss at December 31, 2018 was reallocated to the two new segments (E&C Cryogenics and E&C FinFans) based on their relative fair values as of July 1, 2019.
(2) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, preliminary purchase price allocations for certain acquisitions were adjusted by $43.2 ($4.3 in E&C Cryogenics and $38.9 in D&S East) for the VRV acquisition and $0.8 for the Skaff acquisition. See Note 10, “Business Combinations”.
Intangible Assets The following table displays the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for finite-lived intangible assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets (exclusive of goodwill) (1):
|  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Weighted-average Estimated Useful Life |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | 13 years |  | $ | 418.6 |  |  | $ | (108.9 | ) |  | $ | 254.0 |  |  | $ | (92.0 | )
Unpatented technology | 11 years |  | 91.9 |  |  | (9.7 | ) |  | 39.4 |  |  | (5.1 | )
Land use rights | 50 years |  | 11.8 |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  | 12.2 |  |  | (1.3 | )
Trademarks and trade names | 14 years |  | 6.2 |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  | 13.5 |  |  | (1.1 | )
Patents and other | 4 years |  | 23.1 |  |  | (6.0 | ) |  | 14.0 |  |  | (1.5 | )
Total finite-lived intangible assets | 13 years |  | 551.6 |  |  | (127.4 | ) |  | 333.1 |  |  | (101.0 | )
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks and trade names |  |  | 153.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 98.3 |  |  | — |
Total intangible assets |  |  | $ | 705.2 |  |  | $ | (127.4 | ) |  | $ | 431.4 |  |  | $ | (101.0 | )
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(1) | Amounts include the impact of foreign currency translation. Fully amortized amounts are written off.
Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was $13.8 and $5.0 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $28.3 and $15.7 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We estimate amortization expense to be recognized during the next five years as follows:
For the Year Ending December 31, |
2019 | $ | 16.1 |
2020 | 52.4 |
2021 | 37.9 |
2022 | 37.8 |
2023 | 37.4 |
See Note 10, “Business Combinations” for further information related to intangible assets acquired during 2019 and 2018. Government Grants We received certain government grants related to land use rights for capacity expansion in China (“China Government Grants”). China Government Grants are generally recorded in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and generally recognized into income over the useful life of the associated assets (10 to 50 years). China Government Grants are presented in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Current | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |
Long-term | 7.2 |  |  | 7.7 |
Total China Government Grants | $ | 7.7 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |
We also received government grants from certain local jurisdictions within the United States, which are recorded in other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and were not significant for the periods presented.

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