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Debt and Credit Arrangements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Debt and Credit Arrangements | Debt and Credit Arrangements Summary of Outstanding Borrowings The following table represents the components of our borrowings:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Senior secured and senior unsecured notes: |  |  |
Principal amount, senior secured notes due 2030 (1) | $ | 1,460.0 |  |  | $ | 1,460.0 |
Principal amount, senior unsecured notes due 2031 (1) | 510.0 |  |  | 510.0 |
Unamortized discount | (26.9) |  |  | (29.9) |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (32.9) |  |  | (4.8) |
Senior secured and senior unsecured notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | 1,910.2 |  |  | 1,935.3 |
Senior secured revolving credit facilities and term loans: |  |  |
Term loans due March 2030 (2) | 1,631.0 |  |  | — |
Senior secured revolving credit facility due October 2026 (3)(4) | 102.8 |  |  | 104.5 |
Unamortized discount | (35.8) |  |  | — |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (32.5) |  |  | — |
Senior secured revolving credit facility and term loan, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | 1,665.5 |  |  | 104.5 |
Convertible notes due November 2024: |  |  |
Principal amount | 258.7 |  |  | 258.8 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (0.9) |  |  | (1.9) |
Convertible notes due November 2024, net of unamortized debt issuance costs | 257.8 |  |  | 256.9 |
Other debt facilities (5) | 1.4 |  |  | — |
Total debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs | 3,834.9 |  |  | 2,296.7 |
Less: current maturities (6) | 258.5 |  |  | 256.9 |
Long-term debt | $ | 3,576.4 |  |  | $ | 2,039.8 |
_______________ (1)The senior secured notes due 2030 (the “Secured Notes”) and senior unsecured notes due 2031 (the “Unsecured Notes”) bear interest at rates of 7.500% and 9.500% per year, respectively. Interest is payable semi-annually on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing July 1, 2023. The Secured Notes mature on January 1, 2030, and the Unsecured Notes mature on January 1, 2031. (2)A term loan due March 2030 was drawn prior to December 31, 2023 in conjunction with the Howden Acquisition. On June 30, 2023, we drew $250.0 on an incremental term loan due March 2030. As of December 31, 2023, there were $1,631.0 in borrowings outstanding under term loans due March 2030 bearing an interest rate of 8.7%. See below for more information. (3)As of December 31, 2023, there were $102.8 in borrowings outstanding under the senior secured revolving credit facility due October 2026 bearing an interest ra te of 6.2% (3.4% as of December 31, 2022) a nd $272.0 in letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding supported by the senior secured revolving credit facility due 2026. As of December 31, 2023, the senior secured revolving credit facility due 2026 had avail ability of $625.2. (4)A portion of borrowings outstanding u nder our senior secured revolving credit facility due 2026 are denominated in euros (“EUR Revolver Borrowings”). EUR Revolver Borrowings outstanding were euro 88.5 million (equivalent to $97.8) at December 31, 2023 and euro 98.0 million (equivalent to $104.5) at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized an unrealized foreign currency loss of $3.2, relative to the translation of the EUR Revolver Borrowings outstanding. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized unrealized foreign currency gain of $3.7, r espectively, relative to the translation of the EUR Revolver Borrowings outstanding. This unrealized foreign currency loss (gain) is classified within foreign currency loss (gain) in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for all periods presented. (5)Other debt facilities relate to a few local debt facilities that we assumed through the Howden Acquisition. (6)Our convertible notes due November 2024, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, are included in current maturities for both periods presented. Also included in current maturities for the current period are $0.6 of other debt facilities. The following table represents the scheduled maturities for our borrowings, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, for the next five years:
For the Year Ended December 31, |
2024 | $ | 259.4 |
2025 | — |
2026 | 102.8 |
2027 | — |
2028 | — |
Thereafter | 3,601.7 |
Total | $ | 3,963.9 |
Cash paid for interest during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $219.8, $25.7 and $11.7, respectively. Senior Secured and Unsecured Notes On December 22, 2022, we completed the issuance and sale of (i) $1,460.0 aggregate principal amount of 7.500% Secured Notes at an issue price of 98.661% and (ii) $510.0 aggregate principal amount of 9.500% Unsecured Notes (together with the Secured Notes, the “Notes”), at an issue price of 97.949%. The Notes were issued to finance the Howden Acquisition. Chart deposited the gross proceeds from the offering of each series of Notes into an escrow account (each, an “Escrow Account”). The funds were held in the respective Escrow Account until certain release conditions were met including the consummation of the Howden Acquisition (the “Escrow Release Conditions”). As such, the proceeds were presented separately from cash and cash equivalents as restricted cash in the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheet. The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by each of Chart’s wholly owned domestic restricted subsidiaries that is a borrower or a guarantor under Chart’s fifth amended and restated credit agreement, dated as of October 18, 2021 (as amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”). The Secured Notes and the related guarantees are secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions. We may redeem either series of the Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after January 1, 2026, at the redemption prices set forth in the respective indentures. We may also redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of each series of the Notes on or prior to January 1, 2026, in an amount not to exceed the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at the redemption prices set forth in the respective indentures. Prior to January 1, 2026, we may redeem some or all of either series of the Notes at a price which includes the applicable “make-whole” premium set forth in the respective indentures. If Chart experiences a change of control (as defined in the respective indentures), the Notes are able to be redeemed by the holders at 101%, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the date the Notes are purchased. We recorded a $30.0 debt discount and $36.8 in deferred debt issuance costs assoc iated with the Notes, which are being amortized over the term of the Notes using the effective interest method. We incurred $32.0 and $4.8 o f deferred debt issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recorded $3.8 in financing costs amortization associated with the Notes for the year ended December 31, 2023. Financing costs amortization associated with the Notes were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the interest accretion of the Notes discount and contractual interest coupon associated with the Notes:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
Notes, interest accretion of senior notes discount | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  |
Secured Notes, 7.5% contractual interest coupon | 109.7 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |
Unsecured Notes, 9.5% contractual interest coupon | 48.6 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |
Notes, total interest expense | $ | 161.3 |  |  | $ | 4.4 |  |  |
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility On November 21, 2022, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 1”) to our Credit Agreement, which amended our senior secured revolving credit facility (“SSRCF”). The Credit Agreement provides for a Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the “Amended SSRCF”), which matures on October 19, 2026. •The Amended SSRCF has a borrowing capacity of $1,000.0 and includes a sub limit for letters of credit that is the greater of (x) $350.0 and (y) $150.0 plus (1) the Dollar Amount (as of the Amended Closing Date) of the Assumed Letters of Credit plus (2) the Dollar Amount of any Letters of Credit issued on the Amendment Closing Date, a $200.0 sub limit for discretionary letters of credit and a $100.0 sub-limit for swingline loans. •We may, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request one or more new commitments and/or increase in the amount of the Amended SSRCF. Each incremental term commitment and incremental revolving commitment shall be in an aggregate principal amount that is not less than $10.0 and shall be in an increment of $1.0 to the extent existing or new lenders agree to provide such increased or additional commitments, as applicable. •The Amended SSRCF bears interest at a base rate plus an applicable margin determined on a leveraged-based scale which (before giving effect to the sustainability pricing adjustments described below) ranges fr om 25 to 125 b asis points for base rate loans and 125 to 225 basis points for Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loans. •The applicable margin described above is subject to further adjustments based on the reductions in the ratio between (i) the total greenhouse gas emissions, measured in metric tons CO2e, of Chart and its subsidiaries during such calendar year and (ii) the aggregate revenue, measured in U.S. Dollars, of Chart and its subsidiaries during such calendar year. These additional pricing adjustments range from an addition of 0.05% to a reduction of 0.05% in the applicable margin described above. •We are required to pay commitment fees on any unused commitments under the SSRCF which, before giving effect to the sustainability fee adjustments (as described below), is determined on a leverage-based sliding scale ranging from 20 to 35 basis points. •The commitment fees described above are also subject to sustainabil ity fee adjustments based on the aforementioned ratio. The sustainability fee adjustments range from an addition of 0.01% to a reduction of 0.01%. •Interest and fees are payable on a quarterly basis (or if earlier, at the end of each interest period for SOFR loans). Significant financial covenants for the Amended SSRCF include financial maintenance covenants that, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter ending on and after September 30, 2021, (i) require the ratio of the amount of Chart and its subsidiaries’ consolidated total net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA to be less than the Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio Levels and (ii) require the ratio of the amount of Chart and its subsidiaries’ consolidated EBITDA to consolidated cash interest expense to be greater than the Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio Levels. The Amended SSRCF includes a number of other customary covenants including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens or other encumbrances, sell assets, enter into sale and lease-back transactions, make certain payments, investments, loans, advances or guarantees, make acquisitions and engage in mergers or consolidations and pay dividends or distributions. At December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants. The Amended SSRCF also contains customary events of default. If such an event of default occurs, the lenders thereunder would be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. The Amended SSRCF is guaranteed by Chart and substantially all of its U.S. subsidiaries, and secured by substantially all of the assets of Chart and its U.S. subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of our material non-U.S. subsidiaries (as defined by the Credit Agreement) that are owned by U.S. subsidiaries. During 2022, we recorde d $1.5 in deferred debt issuance costs related to the Amended SSRCF and included $7.1 in unamortized debt issuance costs from previous credit facilities. During the first quarter of 2023, we recorded an additional $0.4 in deferred debt issuance costs related to the Amended SSRCF. On March 16, 2023, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 2”) under the Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 2 updates the benchmark interest rate provisions to replace the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) with a term rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (Term SOFR) as the reference rate for purposes of calculating interest under the terms of the Credit Agreement. We recorded $0.4 in deferred debt issuance costs related to Amendment No. 2 and Amendment No. 3 further described under “Term Loans” below. Deferred debt issuance costs related to the Amended SSRCF are presented in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized over the five-year term of the Amended SSRCF. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the Amended SSRCF were $6.4 and $8.4, respectively. Term Loans On October 2, 2023, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 5”) under the Credit Agreement. Among other things, as more fully set forth therein, Amendment No. 5 reduces the interest rate margins applicable to the term loan facility by 50 basis points from 2.75% to 2.25%, in the case of base rate loans, and from 3.75% to 3.25%, in the case of Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) loans. Amendment No. 5 is a “Refinancing Amendment” permitted under the terms of Credit Agreement. Except as amended by Amendment No. 5, the remaining terms of the Credit Agreement remain in full force and effect. In connection with the Howden Acquisition, we borrowed incremental term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $1,534.8 under the Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 3 Term Loan”). Amendment No. 4 provided for the incurrence of incremental term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $250.0 to be used for general corporate purposes, including to pay down our Amended SSRCF without any resulting change to leverage (“Amendment No. 4 Term Loan”). On October 2, 2023, Chart refinanced the remaining aggregate principal amounts of both the Amendment No. 3 Term Loan and Amendment No. 4 Term Loan plus accrued interest in exchange for term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $1,781.0 (“Amendment No. 5 Term Loan”) which matures on March 18, 2030 and bears interest at the Term SOFR Rate plus 0.10%, plus an applicable margin of 3.25%, provided that if the adjusted rate is less than 0.50%, the rate will be deemed to be 0.50%, and are payable in equal quarterly installments beginning on December 31, 2023 in an amount equal to 0.25% of the aggregate principal amount. On December 4, 2023, Chart voluntarily prepaid a portion of the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan in the amount of $150.0, which effectively prepaid all equal quarterly installments for the life of the loan, and as of December 31, 2023, the aggregate principal amount of $1,631.0 is due at the March 18, 2030 maturity date. Chart may elect the interest rate for the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan equal to (i) Adjusted Term SOFR (Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%; provided that Adjusted Term SOFR shall not be less than 0.50%) plus the Applicable Margin (3.25%), or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (a rate per annum equal to the greatest of (a) the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal in the U.S. as the prime rate, (b) the NYFRB Rate in effect plus 0.50%, (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one month Interest Period plus 1.00%, and (d) 1.50%) plus the Applicable Margin (2.25%). Chart may elect interest periods of 1, 3, or 6 months. Interest shall be payable in arrears for (a) for loans accruing interest at a rate based on Adjusted Term SOFR, at the end of each interest period and, for interest periods of greater than three months, every three months, and on the applicable maturity date and (b) for loans accruing interest based on the Alternate Base Rate, quarterly in arrears and on the applicable maturity date. The allowance of incremental facilities is substantially identical to those in the Amended SSRCF, except (i) to permit the incurrence of a standalone letter of credit facility and (ii) that if the yield of any incremental facility that is in a U.S. dollar denominated term loan facility that is secured by liens on the collateral that is incurred within twelve months after the Closing Date, the applicable margins for the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan may increase under certain circumstances. Additionally, the refinancing facilities are substantially identical to those set forth in the Amended SSRCF. Prepayments are mandatory only in the following circumstances: (i) after certain non-ordinary course asset sales or other non-ordinary course dispositions of property occur, unless (a) the net cash proceeds are reinvested (or committed to be reinvested) in the business within 12 months, and if so committed to be reinvested, are actually reinvested within 6 months after the initial 12-month period or (b) a portion of the net cash proceeds are used to ratably prepay any indebtedness that is equal in seniority to the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan, (ii) beginning January 1, 2025, 50% of excess cash flow of Chart and its subsidiaries as calculated for the prior fiscal year shall be used to prepay the term loans due 2030, subject to step-downs on the required percentage of excess cash flow based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio and (iii) 100% of the net cash proceeds of issuances of debt obligations of Chart and our restricted subsidiaries after the Closing Date, except for a portion of such net cash proceeds that are used to ratably prepay any indebtedness that is equal in seniority to the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan. Chart may prepay the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan in whole or in part at any time without penalty or premium, with the exception of a repricing event with respect to all or any portion of the term loans due 2030 that occurs on or before the date that is six months after the Closing Date. The Amendment No. 5 Term Loan will be equal in right of payment with any other senior indebtedness of Chart and, if needed, shall be subject to an equal intercreditor agreement with respect to the Amended SSRCF. The Amendment No. 5 Term Loan is guaranteed by each wholly-owned domestic subsidiary that is also a guarantor under the Amended SSRCF. Significant financial covenants and customary events of default for the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan is substantially identical to those in the Amended SSRCF. We initially recorded $38.9 in debt discount and $37.2 in deferred debt issuance costs associated with the term loans due 2030, which are being amortized over the applicable term using the effective interest method. As a result of the events of both the October 2, 2023 Credit Agreement amendment (Amendment No. 5) and the December 4, 2023 partial prepayment of the Amendment No. 5 Term Loan, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $7.8 for the year ended December 31, 2023. A further $0.3 in new debt issuance costs were immediately expensed and classified as financing costs amortization in the statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2023. The unamortized debt discount and deferred debt issuance costs are $35.8 and $32.5, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. We recorded $3.5 in interest accretion of the term loans due March 2030 discount for the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table summarizes interest expense and financing costs amortization related to the Amended SSRCF and term loans due March 2030:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense, senior secured revolving credit facilities due October 2026 | $ | 27.7 |  |  | $ | 23.4 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |
Interest expense, term loan due June 2024 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |
Interest expense, term loans due March 2030 | 119.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest expense, senior secured revolving credit facilities due June 2024 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.7 |
Total interest expense | $ | 147.2 |  |  | $ | 23.4 |  |  | $ | 9.0 |
Financing costs amortization, senior secured revolving credit facility due October 2026 | $ | 2.3 |  |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |
Financing costs amortization, term loans due March 2030 | 3.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Financing costs amortization, senior secured revolving facility and term loan due June 2024, write off of unamortized deferred debt issuance costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.8 |
Financing cost amortization, new debt issuance costs immediately charged to net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
Financing costs amortization, senior secured revolving credit facility and term loan due June 2024 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |
Total financing costs amortization | $ | 5.9 |  |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | 7.4 |
2024 Convertible Notes On November 6, 2017, we issu ed 1.00% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due November 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $258.8, pursuant to an Indenture, dated as of such date (the “Indenture”). On December 31, 2020, we entered into the First Supplemental Indentu re (the “Supplemental Indenture”) to the Indenture, between Chart and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the 2024 Notes. Pursuant to the Supplemental Indenture, Chart irrevocably elected (i) to eliminate Chart’s option to elect Physical Settlement (as defined in the Indenture) on any conversion of 2024 Notes that occurs on or after the date of the Supplemental Indenture and (ii) that, with respect to any Combination Settlement (as defined in the Indenture) for a conversion of 2024 Notes, the Specified Dollar Amount (as defined in the Indenture) that will be settled in cash per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes shall be no lower than $1,000. The 2024 Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 1.00%, pa yable on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on May 15, 2018, and will mature on November 15, 2024 unless earlier converted or repurchased. The 2024 Notes are senior subordinated unsecured obligations of the Company and are not guaranteed by any of our subsidiaries. The 2024 Notes are senior in right of payment to our future subordinated debt, equal in right of payment with the Company’s future senior subordinated debt and are subordinated in right of payment to our existing and future senior indebtedness, including indebtedness under our existing Credit Agreement. A conversion of the 2024 Notes may be settled in either (1) cash or (2) cash for the principal amount of the 2024 Notes and any combination of cash and shares for the excess settlement amount above the principal amount of the 2024 Notes, at our election (subject to, and in accordance with, the settlement provisions of the Indenture and Supplemental Indenture). The initial conversion rate for the 2024 Notes is 17.0285 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment as provided for in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $58.725 per share, representing a conversion premium of approximately 35% above the closing price of our common stock of $43.50 per share on October 31, 2017. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date as described in the Indenture, we will pay a make-whole premium by increasing the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its 2024 Notes in connection with such a corporate event in certain circumstances. For purposes of calculating earnings per share, if the average market price of our common stock exceeds the applicable conversion price during the periods reported, shares contingently issuable under the 2024 Notes will have a dilutive effect with respect to our common stock. Since our closing common stock price of $136.33 at the end of the period exceeded the conversion price of $58.725, the if-converted value exceeded the principal amount of the 2024 Notes by $341.9 at December 31, 2023. As described below, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions, which are expected to reduce the potential dilution with respect to our common stock upon conversion of the 2024 Notes. Holders of the 2024 Notes may convert their 2024 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 15, 2024 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after December 31, 2017 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the applicable conversion price for the 2024 Notes on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any 10 consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the Indenture) per one thousand U.S. dollar principal amount of Notes for each trading day of such measurement period was less than 97% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the applicable conversion rate for the 2024 Notes on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described in the Indenture. On or after August 15, 2024 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding November 15, 2024, holders may convert their 2024 Notes at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing circumstances. As of January 1, 2024, the 2024 Notes continue to be convertible at the option of the shareholders. This conversion right, which will remain available until March 31, 2024, was triggered since the closing price of our common stock w as greater than or equal to $76.3425 (130% of the conversion price of the 2024 Notes) for at least 20 trading days during the last 30 trading days ending on December 31, 2023. We will reassess the convertibility of the 2024 Notes on a quarterly basis. The $258.7 principal amount of the 2024 Notes is due in November 2024 and was classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the 2024 Notes were convertible at the option of the holders, therefore the $258.8 principal amount of the 2024 Notes was also classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. There have been no significant conversions as of the date of this filing. The following table summarizes 1.0% co ntractual interest coupon and financing costs amortization associated with the 2024 Notes:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
2024 Notes, 1.0% contractual interest coupon, 1.5% for 2022 | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |
2024 Notes, financing costs amortization | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |
Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions Associated with the 2024 Notes In connection with the pricing of the 2024 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (the “Note Hedge Transactions”) with certain parties, including affiliates of the initial purchasers of the 2024 Notes (the “Option Counterparties”) which relate to 4.41 shares of our common stock and represents the number of shares of our common stock underlying the 2024 Notes. These Note Hedge Transactions are expected to reduce the potential dilution upon any future conversion of the 2024 Notes to the extent that the market price per share of our common stock exceeds the conversion price of $58.725 per share. Payments for the Note Hedge Transactions totaled approximately $59.5 and were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet. We also entered into separate, privately negotiated warrant transactions (the “Warrant Transactions”) with the Option Counterparties to acquire up to 4.41 shares of our common stock. Proceeds received from the issuance of the Warrant Transactions totaled approximately $46.0 and were recorded as an addition to additional paid-in capital in the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet. The strike price of the Warrant Transactions will initially be $71.775 per share (subject to adjustment), which is approximately 65% above the last reported sale price of our common stock on October 31, 2017. The Warrant Transactions could have a dilutive effect to our stockholders to the extent that the market price per share of our common stock, as measured under the terms of the Warrant Transactions, exceeds the applicable strike price of the warrants. The Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions effectively increased the conversion price of the 2024 Notes. The net cost of the Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions was approximately $13.5. Committed Bridge Loan Facility On November 8, 2022, in connection with the execution of the agreement to acquire Howden, the Company entered into a debt commitment letter with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. (the “Commitment Parties”), pursuant to which, and subject to the terms and conditions, the Commitment Parties agreed to provide approximately $3.375 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior bridge loans under a 364-day senior bridge loan credit facility (the “Bridge Facility”). We did not draw on the Bridge Facility, as we secured permanent financing prior to the close of the Howden Acquisition. There is no remaining availability following the close of the Howden Acquisition, and the Bridge Facility has been terminated. Bridge Facility fees of $26.1 were incurred during the first quarter of 2023 upon successful closing of the Howden Acquisition and classified in acquisition related finance fees in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2023. We also incurred $29.5 in Bridge Facility fees during the year ended December 31, 2022 and paid the total of $55.6 in Bridge Facility f ees at the close of the Howden Acquisition. Interest Expense, Net Gross interest expense related to debt for the year ended December 31, 2023 w as $299.0 and included $109.7, $48.6 and $119.5 in interest related to our Secured Notes, Unsecured Notes and term loans due 2030, respectively. Gross interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 inclu ded $2.4 interest expense related to our convertible notes due November 2024 and $27.7 in interest related to borrowings on our senior secured revolving credit facility due 2026. The increase in gross interest expense was partially offset by $21.5 in interest income on deposits, for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. This income was primarily earned from deposit of proceeds from the senior secured notes due 2030, senior unsecured notes due 2031, common stock and preferred stock offerings into interest bearing accounts until the consummation of the Howden Acquisition. Other Debt Facilities In various markets where we do business, we have local credit facilities to meet local working capital demands, fund letters of credit and bank guarantees, and support other short-term cash requirements. The facilities generally have variable interest rates and are denominated in local currency but may, in some cases, facilitate borrowings in multiple currencies. As of December 31, 2023, we had additional capacity of U.S. dollar equiv alent $87.6. Certain of our other debt facilities allow us to request bank guarantees and letters of credit. None of these facilities allow revolving credit borrowings. We have letters of credit and bank guarantees outside of our Credit Agreement that totaled USD equivalents $134.3 and $45.7 a s of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Restricted Cash As of December 31, 2023, we had $12.8 cash classified as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheet, which primarily relates to Howden Thomassen Compressors B.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chart, to secure guarantees. As of December 31, 2022 we had restricted cash of $1,941.7 from the proceeds of the Secured Notes and Unsecured Notes which was used to fund the Howden Acquisition. Fair Value Disclosures The following table summarizes the fair value of our actively quoted debt instruments as a percentage of their par value (1):
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Convertible notes due November 2024 | 234 | % |  | 201 | %
Senior secured notes due 2030 | 105 | % |  | 101 | %
Senior unsecured notes due 2031 | 109 | % |  | 103 | %
Term loans due March 2030 | 100 | % |  | — | %
_______________ (1)The 2024 Notes, Secured Notes, Unsecured Notes and term loans due 2030 are actively quoted instruments and, accordingly, their fair values were determined using Level 1 inputs. The carrying amounts of borrowings outstanding on our senior secured revolving credit facility approximate fair value, as the interest rate is variable and reflective of market rates (categorized as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

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