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Employee Benefit Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Plans
We have a defined benefit pension plan that covers certain U.S. hourly and salary employees (the “Chart Plan”) and is currently subject to termination. The Chart Plan provides benefits based primarily on the participants’ years of service and compensation. In May 2024, our Board of Directors approved a resolution to terminate the Chart Plan and notified plan participants of the termination and the distribution alternatives. During the fourth quarter of 2024, distributions were made to settle the obligation with plan participants electing a lump sum distribution option. As a result of this partial settlement, we recognized a $1.1 loss, which is classified as other expense (income), net in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2024. We expect to settle the remainder of the obligations in the first half of 2025. We expect this will result in a non-cash settlement gain or loss at plan termination which will include any unrecognized losses within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income associated with the Chart Plan. While we cannot estimate this future non-cash settlement gain or loss, the gross accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the Chart Plan was $5.6 as of December 31, 2024.
Following the Howden Acquisition, we assumed responsibility for ten additional defined benefit plans outside of the United States, which are predominantly in Germany (the “International Plans”). Upon acquisition, we recognized a net liability on our consolidated balance sheet.
The components of net periodic pension cost (income) are as follows:
U.S. PlanInternational Plans
 Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
 20242023202220242023
Interest cost$2.2 $2.4 $1.7 $1.3 $1.2 
Service cost— — — 0.9 0.7 
Expected return on plan assets(3.0)(3.3)(4.3)(1.8)(1.3)
Amortization of net loss— 0.9 0.5 — — 
Net settlement loss1.1 — — — — 
Total net periodic pension cost (income)$0.3 $— $(2.1)$0.4 $0.6 
The other changes in plan assets and projected benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income, on a pre-tax basis, are as follows:
U.S. PlanInternational Plans
 Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
 20242023202220242023
Net actuarial loss (gain)$3.1 $(5.9)$1.7 $(2.4)$0.1 
Net amortization— (0.9)(0.5)— $— 
Effect of foreign exchange rates— — — — 4.7 
Net settlement loss(1.1)— — — — 
Total recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income$2.0 $(6.8)$1.2 $(2.4)$4.8 
The changes in the projected benefit obligation and plan assets, the funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
 
U.S. PlanInternational Plans
December 31, December 31,
2024202320242023
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year$48.1 $50.0 $43.0 $— 
Acquisition of Howden (1)
— — — 41.1 
Interest cost2.2 2.4 1.3 1.2 
Service cost— — 0.9 0.7 
Benefits paid(3.5)(3.1)(2.1)(2.0)
Actuarial losses (gains)0.4 (1.2)(1.2)0.4 
Settlements(7.7)— (0.2)— 
Foreign exchange rate impact— — (2.5)1.6 
Projected benefit obligation at year end39.5 48.1 39.2 43.0 
Accumulated benefit obligation at year end39.5 48.1 37.5 41.2 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year54.0 49.1 41.8 — 
Acquisition of Howden (1)
— — — 38.7 
Actual return 1.0 8.0 3.3 1.6 
Employer contributions— — 2.2 1.9 
Benefits paid(3.5)(3.1)(2.1)(2.0)
Expenses paid(0.7)— — — 
Settlements(7.7)— (0.2)— 
Foreign exchange rate impact— — (2.6)1.6 
Fair value of plan assets at year end43.1 54.0 42.4 41.8 
Funded status (accrued pension asset (liability))$3.6 $5.9 $3.2 $(1.2)
Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31:
Non-current assets$3.7 $5.9 $10.2 $5.8 
Current liabilities— — (0.4)(0.3)
Non-current liabilities— — (6.6)(6.7)
Recognized accrued pension asset (liability)$3.7 $5.9 $3.2 $(1.2)
Unrecognized actuarial loss (gain) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss$5.6 $3.5 $(2.3)$0.1 
_______________
(1)The 2023 changes in the projected benefit obligation and plan assets reflect the effect of the Howden Acquisition.
Non-current assets related to defined benefit plans are classified within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Current liabilities and non-current liabilities related to defined benefit plans are classified within other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.
The estimated net periodic pension income for the both the Chart Plan and International Plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss over the next fiscal year is not material.
International Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets consist of the following:
International Plans
December 31,
20242023
Projected benefit obligation$6.7 $6.7 
Accumulated benefit obligation5.7 5.7 
Fair value of plan assets0.3 0.3 
International Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets consist of the following:
International Plans
December 31,
20242023
Projected benefit obligation$10.2 $10.2 
Accumulated benefit obligation8.5 8.4 
Fair value of plan assets3.2 3.4 
The actuarial assumptions used in determining pension plan information are as follows: 
U.S. PlanInternational Plans
 Year Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,
 20242023202220242023
Assumptions used to determine the projected obligation at year end:
Discount rate5.5 %5.0 %4.9 %3.4 %3.4 %
Rate of increase in compensation levels for active pension plans— %— %— %3.9 %4.1 %
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate5.0 %4.9 %2.7 %3.4 %3.4 %
Expected long-term weighted-average rate of return on plan assets6.0 %7.0 %7.0 %4.2 %4.5 %
Rate of increase in compensation levels for active pension plans— %— %— %3.9 %4.1 %
U.S. Plan
The discount rate of the Chart Plan reflects the current rate at which the pension liabilities could be effectively settled at year end. In estimating this rate, we look to rates of return on high quality, fixed-income investments that receive one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized rating agency and the expected timing of benefit payments under the plan.
The expected return assumptions were developed using an averaging formula based upon the plans’ investment guidelines, mix of asset classes, historical returns of equities and bonds, and expected future returns. We employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of short and long-term plan liabilities, plan funded status and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed-income investments. Furthermore, equity investments are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, as well as growth, value, and small and large capitalizations. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews, annual liability measurements, and periodic asset/liability studies.
International Plans
In determining discount rates for the International Plans, we utilize the single discount rate equivalent to discounting the expected future cash flows from each plan using the yields at each duration from a published yield curve as of the measurement date. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was based on our investment policy target allocation of the asset
portfolio between various asset classes and the expected real returns of each asset class over various periods of time that are consistent with the long-term nature of the underlying obligations of these plans.
Our primary investment objective for the defined benefit pension plan assets is to provide a source of retirement income for the plans’ participants and beneficiaries. The Chart Plan’s target allocations by asset category and fair values of the plan assets by asset class at December 31 are as follows:
U.S. Plan
Target Allocations by Asset CategoryFair Value
TotalLevel 2Level 3
Plan Assets:202420232024202320242023
Equity funds—%$— $16.5 $— $16.5 $— $— 
Fixed income funds71%43.1 34.0 43.1 34.0 — — 
Other investments29%— 3.5 — — — 3.5 
Total$43.1 $54.0 $43.1 $50.5 $— $3.5 
The plan assets are primarily invested in pooled separate funds. The fair values of equity securities and fixed income securities held in pooled separate funds are based on net asset value of the units of the funds as determined by the fund manager. These funds are similar in nature to retail mutual funds, but are typically more efficient for institutional investors. The fair value of pooled funds is determined by the value of the underlying assets held by the fund and the units outstanding. The value of the pooled funds is not directly observable, but is based on observable inputs. As such, these plan assets are valued using Level 2 inputs. Certain plan assets in the other investments asset category are invested in a general investment account where the fair value is derived from the liquidation value based on an actuarial formula as defined under terms of the investment contract. These plan assets were valued using unobservable inputs and, accordingly, the valuation was performed using Level 3 inputs.
The following table represents changes in the fair value of plan assets categorized as Level 3 from the preceding table:
U.S. Plan
Balance at December 31, 2022
$1.1 
Purchases, sales and settlements, net(2.9)
Transfers, net5.3 
Balance at December 31, 2023
3.5 
Purchases, sales and settlements, net(3.5)
Transfers, net— 
Balance at December 31, 2024
$— 
The International Plans’ target allocations by asset category and fair values of the plan assets by asset class at December 31 are as follows:
International Plans
Target Allocations by Asset CategoryFair Value
TotalLevel 1Level 2
Plan Assets:202420232024202320242023
Cash and cash equivalents0%$— $0.2 $— $0.2 $— $— 
Insurance contracts7%2.9 2.9 — — 2.9 2.9 
Investments funds93%39.5 38.7 — — 39.5 38.7 
Total$42.4 $41.8 $— $0.2 $42.4 $41.6 
The assets are invested with the goal of preserving principal while providing a reasonable real rate of return over the long term. Diversification of assets is achieved through strategic allocations to various asset classes in line with the investment guidelines of the plans. Actual allocations to each asset class vary due to periodic investment strategy changes, market value fluctuations, the length of time it takes to fully implement investment allocation positions, and the timing of benefit payments and contributions. The asset allocation is monitored and rebalanced as required, as frequently as on a quarterly basis in some
instances. The plan assets are primarily invested in pooled separate funds. The fair values of equity securities and fixed income securities held in pooled separate funds are based on net asset value of the units of the funds as determined by the fund manager. These funds are similar in nature to retail mutual funds, but are typically more efficient for institutional investors. The fair value of pooled funds is determined by the value of the underlying assets held by the fund and the units outstanding. The value of the pooled funds is not directly observable, but is based on observable inputs. As such, these plan assets are valued using Level 2 inputs.
Our funding policy is to contribute at least the minimum funding amounts required by law. Based upon current actuarial estimates, we do not expect to contribute to our Chart Plan in the next five years. Expected contributions to our International Plans for the year ended December 31, 2024, related to plans as of December 31, 2023, are $2.4. The following benefit payments are expected to be paid by the plan in each of the next five years and in the aggregate for the subsequent five years:
U.S. PlanInternational Plans
2025$3.5 $2.3 
20263.5 2.5 
20273.5 2.2 
20283.4 2.5 
20293.4 2.6 
In aggregate during five years thereafter15.6 11.4 
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company also sponsors defined contribution plans at various locations globally. Company contributions to the plans are based on employee contributions and include a Company match and discretionary contributions. Expenses under the plan totaled $22.1, $18.2, and $6.8 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.