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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

(6) INCOME TAXES

We evaluate and update our annual effective income tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted operating results and tax laws. Consequently, based upon the mix and timing of our actual earnings compared to annual projections, our effective tax rate may vary quarterly and may make comparisons not meaningful. Income tax expense was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 

 

 

2020

 

 

 

2019

 

 

Income tax expense

$

50,218

 

 

$

5,688

 

 

Effective tax rate

 

25.7

%

 

 

80.0

%

 

 

Income taxes for discrete items are computed and recorded in the period that the specific transaction occurs. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, our overall effective tax rate was different than the federal statutory rate due primarily to state income taxes (including adjustments to state income tax valuation allowances), equity compensation and other tax items which are detailed below (in thousands).

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 

 

 

 

2020

 

 

 

2019

 

 

 

Total income before income taxes

$

195,193

 

 

$

7,107

 

 

 

U.S. federal statutory rate

 

21

%

 

 

21

%

 

 

Total tax expense at statutory rate

 

40,991

 

 

 

1,492

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit

 

5,803

 

 

 

818

 

 

 

Equity compensation

 

3,843

 

 

 

3,391

 

 

 

Change in valuation allowances:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal net operating loss carryforwards

 

(1,313

)

 

 

 

 

 

State net operating loss carryforwards and other

 

2,800

 

 

 

352

 

 

 

Other

 

(537

)

 

 

231

 

 

 

Permanent differences and other

 

(1,369

)

 

 

(596

)

 

 

Total expense for income taxes

$

50,218

 

 

$

5,688

 

 

 

Effective tax rate

 

25.7

%

 

 

80.0

%