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Income Taxes And Tax-Related Items
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes and Tax-Related Items INCOME TAXES AND TAX-RELATED ITEMS
The provision for income taxes is calculated as the sum of income taxes due for the current year and deferred taxes. Income taxes due for the current year are computed by applying federal and state tax statutes to current year taxable income. Deferred taxes arise from temporary differences between the income tax basis and financial accounting basis of assets and liabilities. Tax-related interest and penalties and foreign taxes are then added to the tax provision.
The current and deferred components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
(in millions)   
December 31202120202019
Current:
Federal$212 $171 $267 
Foreign5 5 7 
State and local26 30 48 
Total current243 206 322 
Deferred:
Federal62 (73)17 
State and local17 (9)(3)
Total deferred79 (82)14 
Total$322 $124 $336 
Income before income taxes of $1.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021 included $25 million of foreign taxable income.
The provision for income taxes does not reflect the tax effects of unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available-for-sale, hedging transactions or the change in defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans adjustment included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. Refer to Note 14 for additional information on accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.
A reconciliation of expected income tax expense at the federal statutory rate to the Corporation’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate follows:
(dollar amounts in millions)202120202019
Years Ended December 31AmountRateAmountRateAmountRate
Tax based on federal statutory rate$313 21.0 %$130 21.0 %$323 21.0 %
State income taxes35 2.4 18 2.9 34 2.2 
Affordable housing and historic credits(13)(0.9)(12)(1.9)(11)(0.7)
Bank-owned life insurance(10)(0.6)(10)(1.6)(9)(0.6)
FDIC insurance expense5 0.3 7 1.1 5 0.3 
Employee stock transactions(3)(0.2)(1)(0.2)(12)(0.8)
Tax-related interest and penalties— — (2)(0.3)2 0.1 
Other(5)(0.4)(6)(1.0)4 0.3 
Provision for income taxes$322 21.6 %$124 20.0 %$336 21.8 %
The liability for tax-related interest and penalties, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $6 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation enters into certain transactions that have tax consequences. From time to time, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may review and/or challenge specific interpretive tax positions taken by the Corporation with respect to those transactions. The Corporation believes that its tax returns were filed based upon applicable statutes, regulations and case law in effect at the time of the transactions. The IRS or other tax jurisdictions, an administrative authority or a court, if presented with the transactions, could disagree with the Corporation’s interpretation of the tax law.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of net unrecognized tax benefits follows:
(in millions)202120202019
Balance at January 1$19 $17 $14 
Increase as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period1 1 4 
Increase as a result of tax positions taken during the current period3 2 — 
Decreases related to settlements with tax authorities(3)(1)(1)
Reduction as a result of expiration of statute of limitations(2)— — 
Balance at December 31$18 $19 $17 
The Corporation does not anticipate any reasonably possible settlements with tax authorities that will result in a change in net unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
After consideration of the effect of the federal tax benefit available on unrecognized state tax benefits, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would affect the Corporation’s effective tax rate was approximately $14 million at December 31, 2021 and $15 million at December 31, 2020.
The following tax years for significant jurisdictions remain subject to examination as of December 31, 2021:
JurisdictionTax Years
Federal
2017-2020
California
2006-2007, 2018-2020
Based on current knowledge and probability assessment of various potential outcomes, the Corporation believes current tax reserves are adequate, and the amount of any potential incremental liability arising is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations. Probabilities and outcomes are reviewed as events unfold, and adjustments to the reserves are made when necessary.
The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
(in millions)  
December 3120212020
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for depreciation$7 $— 
Allowance for loan losses124 199 
Deferred compensation71 59 
Deferred loan origination fees and costs17 19 
Net unrealized losses on investment securities available-for-sale30 — 
Operating lease liabilities74 72 
Other temporary differences, net21 51 
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance344 400 
Valuation allowance(5)(3)
Total deferred tax assets339 397 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease financing transactions(49)(70)
Defined benefit plans(198)(137)
Allowance for depreciation— (11)
Net hedging gains(17)(47)
Leasing Right of Use assets(66)(64)
Net unrealized gains on investment securities available-for-sale— (65)
Total deferred tax liabilities(330)(394)
Net deferred tax assets$9 $3 
At December 31, 2021, deferred tax assets included $3 million of federal foreign tax credit carryforwards expiring between 2028 and 2030. In addition, there were $3 million of state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards at both December 31, 2021 and 2020, expiring between 2022 and 2030. The Corporation believes it is more likely than not that the benefit from federal foreign tax credits and certain state NOL carryforwards will not be realized and, accordingly, maintains a federal valuation allowance of $3 million and a state valuation allowance of $2 million at December 31, 2021, compared to a $3 million state valuation allowance at December 31, 2020. For further information on the Corporation’s valuation policy for deferred tax assets, refer to Note 1.