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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
Or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-10706
____________________________________________________________________________________
Comerica Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware | 38-1998421
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Comerica Bank Tower
1717 Main Street, MC 6404
Dallas, Texas 75201
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(214) 462-6831
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_________________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $5 par value | CMA | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
$5 par value common stock:
Outstanding as of July 26, 2022: 130,819,770 shares

Table of Contents
COMERICA INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements |
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 3 0, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 20 2 1 | 1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and S ix Months Ended June 3 0, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) | 2
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) | 3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited) | 4
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 5
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 33
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 60
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures | 60
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings | 60
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors | 60
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 60
ITEM 6. Exhibits | 61
Signature | 62

Table of Contents
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

(in millions, except share data) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 1,631 |  |  | $ | 1,236 |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 5,902 |  |  | 21,443 |
Other short-term investments | 160 |  |  | 197 |
Investment securities available-for-sale | 20,829 |  |  | 16,986 |
Commercial loans | 31,259 |  |  | 29,366 |
Real estate construction loans | 2,465 |  |  | 2,948 |
Commercial mortgage loans | 11,855 |  |  | 11,255 |
Lease financing | 653 |  |  | 640 |
International loans | 1,291 |  |  | 1,208 |
Residential mortgage loans | 1,753 |  |  | 1,771 |
Consumer loans | 2,178 |  |  | 2,097 |
Total loans | 51,454 |  |  | 49,285 |
Allowance for loan losses | (563) |  |  | (588) |
Net loans | 50,891 |  |  | 48,697 |
Premises and equipment | 422 |  |  | 454 |
Accrued income and other assets | 7,054 |  |  | 5,603 |
Total assets | $ | 86,889 |  |  | $ | 94,616 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 42,308 |  |  | $ | 45,800 |
Money market and interest-bearing checking deposits | 28,409 |  |  | 31,349 |
Savings deposits | 3,342 |  |  | 3,167 |
Customer certificates of deposit | 1,686 |  |  | 1,973 |
Foreign office time deposits | 20 |  |  | 50 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 33,457 |  |  | 36,539 |
Total deposits | 75,765 |  |  | 82,339 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,059 |  |  | 1,584 |
Medium- and long-term debt | 2,630 |  |  | 2,796 |
Total liabilities | 80,454 |  |  | 86,719 |
Fixed rate reset non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series A, no par value, $100,000 liquidation preference per share: |  |  |
Authorized - 4,000 shares |  |  |
Issued - 4,000 shares | 394 |  |  | 394 |
Common stock - $5 par value: |  |  |
Authorized - 325,000,000 shares |  |  |
Issued - 228,164,824 shares | 1,141 |  |  | 1,141 |
Capital surplus | 2,204 |  |  | 2,175 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,954) |  |  | (212) |
Retained earnings | 10,752 |  |  | 10,494 |
Less cost of common stock in treasury - 97,387,508 shares at 6/30/2022 and 97,476,872 shares at 12/31/2021 | (6,102) |  |  | (6,095) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 6,435 |  |  | 7,897 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 86,889 |  |  | $ | 94,616 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
1

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
INTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | 404 |  |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | 790 |
Interest on investment securities | 100 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 139 |
Interest on short-term investments | 23 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 9 |
Total interest income | 577 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 1,046 |  |  | 938 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 12 |
Interest on medium- and long-term debt | 12 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 18 |
Total interest expense | 16 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 30 |
Net interest income | 561 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 908 |
Provision for credit losses | 10 |  |  | (135) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (317) |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 551 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 1,225 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Card fees | 69 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 155 |
Fiduciary income | 62 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 113 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 50 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 95 |
Commercial lending fees | 30 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 45 |
Derivative income | 29 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 52 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 12 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 20 |
Letter of credit fees | 9 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 20 |
Brokerage fees | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Other noninterest income | 3 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 46 |
Total noninterest income | 268 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 554 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and benefits expense | 294 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 583 |  |  | 559 |
Outside processing fee expense | 62 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 135 |
Software expense | 41 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 77 |
Occupancy expense | 40 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 77 |
Equipment expense | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 25 |
Advertising expense | 8 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
FDIC insurance expense | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 13 |
Other noninterest expenses | 16 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 9 |
Total noninterest expenses | 482 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 955 |  |  | 910 |
Income before income taxes | 337 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 869 |
Provision for income taxes | 76 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 191 |
NET INCOME | 261 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 678 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income allocated to participating securities | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Preferred stock dividends | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |
Net income attributable to common shares | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 664 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.94 |  |  | $ | 2.35 |  |  | $ | 3.33 |  |  | $ | 4.81 |
Diluted | 1.92 |  |  | 2.32 |  |  | 3.29 |  |  | 4.76 |
Comprehensive (loss) income | (520) |  |  | 313 |  |  | (1,292) |  |  | 494 |
Cash dividends declared on common stock | 89 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 187 |
Cash dividends declared per common share | 0.68 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 1.36 |  |  | 1.36 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
| Nonredeemable | Common Stock |  | Other |  |  | Total
| Preferred | Shares |  | Capital | Comprehensive | Retained | Treasury | Shareholders'
(in millions, except per share data) | Stock | Outstanding | Amount | Surplus | (Loss) Income | Earnings | Stock | Equity
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2021 | $ | 394 |  | 139.6 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,183 |  | $ | (105) |  | $ | 9,975 |  | $ | (5,436) |  | $ | 8,152 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 328 |  | — |  | 328 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (15) |  | — |  | — |  | (15) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.68 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (92) |  | — |  | (92) |
Cash dividends on preferred stock | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (5) |  | — |  | (5) |
Purchase of common stock | — |  | (5.8) |  | — |  | (24) |  | — |  | — |  | (426) |  | (450) |
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | (3) |  | — |  | (4) |  | 13 |  | 6 |
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2021 | $ | 394 |  | 133.9 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,163 |  | $ | (120) |  | $ | 10,202 |  | $ | (5,849) |  | $ | 7,931 |
BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2022 | $ | 394 |  | 130.7 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,194 |  | $ | (1,173) |  | $ | 10,585 |  | $ | (6,105) |  | $ | 7,036 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 261 |  | — |  | 261 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (781) |  | — |  | — |  | (781) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.68 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (89) |  | — |  | (89) |
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (5) |  | — |  | (5) |
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | (1) |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 2 |
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2022 | $ | 394 |  | 130.8 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,204 |  | $ | (1,954) |  | $ | 10,752 |  | $ | (6,102) |  | $ | 6,435 |
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 | $ | 394 |  | 139.2 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,185 |  | $ | 64 |  | $ | 9,727 |  | $ | (5,461) |  | $ | 8,050 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 678 |  | — |  | 678 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (184) |  | — |  | — |  | (184) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($1.36 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (187) |  | — |  | (187) |
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (11) |  | — |  | (11) |
Purchase of common stock | — |  | (5.9) |  | — |  | (24) |  | — |  | — |  | (429) |  | (453) |
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans | — |  | 0.6 |  | — |  | (27) |  | — |  | (5) |  | 41 |  | 9 |
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 29 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 29 |
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2021 | $ | 394 |  | 133.9 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,163 |  | $ | (120) |  | $ | 10,202 |  | $ | (5,849) |  | $ | 7,931 |
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2021 | $ | 394 |  | 130.7 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,175 |  | $ | (212) |  | $ | 10,494 |  | $ | (6,095) |  | $ | 7,897 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 450 |  | — |  | 450 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,742) |  | — |  | — |  | (1,742) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($1.36 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (178) |  | — |  | (178) |
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (11) |  | — |  | (11) |
Purchase of common stock | — |  | (0.4) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (36) |  | (36) |
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans | — |  | 0.5 |  | — |  | (10) |  | — |  | (3) |  | 29 |  | 16 |
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 39 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 39 |
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2022 | $ | 394 |  | 130.8 |  | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | 2,204 |  | $ | (1,954) |  | $ | 10,752 |  | $ | (6,102) |  | $ | 6,435 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses | (1) |  |  | (317) |  |  |
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes | (23) |  |  | 69 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 46 |  |  | 51 |  |  |
Net periodic defined benefit credit | (45) |  |  | (41) |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense | 39 |  |  | 29 |  |  |
Net amortization of securities | 18 |  |  | 16 |  |  |
Net gains on sales of foreclosed property and other repossessed assets | (2) |  |  | — |  |  |
Net change in: |  |  |  |  |
Accrued income receivable | (42) |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Accrued expenses payable | (44) |  |  | 31 |  |  |
Other, net | (748) |  |  | (514) |  |  |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (352) |  |  | 3 |  |  |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |
Maturities and redemptions | 1,454 |  |  | 2,819 |  |  |
Purchases | (7,141) |  |  | (3,828) |  |  |
Net change in loans | (2,528) |  |  | 2,616 |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed property and other repossessed assets | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  |
Net increase in premises and equipment | (41) |  |  | (35) |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock: |  |  |  |  |
Redemptions | — |  |  | 115 |  |  |
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance settlements | 14 |  |  | 6 |  |  |
Other, net | 1 |  |  | (12) |  |  |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (8,239) |  |  | 1,689 |  |  |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |
Net change in: |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | (6,346) |  |  | 2,481 |  |  |
Medium- and long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |
Maturities and redemptions | — |  |  | (2,800) |  |  |
Preferred stock: |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends paid | (11) |  |  | (11) |  |  |
Common stock: |  |  |  |  |
Repurchases | (40) |  |  | (459) |  |  |
Cash dividends paid | (178) |  |  | (190) |  |  |
Issuances under employee stock plans | 21 |  |  | 18 |  |  |
Other, net | (1) |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Net cash used in financing activities | (6,555) |  |  | (958) |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (15,146) |  |  | 734 |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 22,679 |  |  | 15,767 |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 7,533 |  |  | $ | 16,501 |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  |
Income taxes paid | 102 |  |  | 96 |  |  |

See notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
4

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation were included. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022. Certain items in prior periods were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report of Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries (the Corporation) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures” (ASU 2022-02), which eliminates the accounting for troubled debt restructuring (TDR) while expanding modification and vintage disclosure requirements. Under the previous guidance, a TDR occurs when a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty is restructured with a concession provided that a creditor would not otherwise consider. ASU 2022-02 removes the TDR accounting model, instead requiring modifications to apply existing refinancing and restructuring guidance. The update also requires additional disclosures on the nature, magnitude and subsequent performance of certain types of modifications with borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. ASU 2022-02 further included a requirement to disclose gross charge-offs incurred by year of origination of the related loan or lease. ASU 2022-02 is effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2023, and must be applied prospectively, except that the recognition and measurement of TDRs may be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is evaluating the impact of the new guidance to its disclosures but does not expect there to be a material impact on its financial condition or results of operation.
NOTE 2 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Corporation utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. In cases where quoted market values in an active market are not available, the Corporation uses present value techniques and other valuation methods to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments. These valuation methods require considerable judgment and the resulting estimates of fair value can be significantly affected by the assumptions made and methods used.
Investment securities available-for-sale, derivatives, deferred compensation plans and equity securities with readily determinable fair values (primarily money market mutual funds) are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Corporation may be required to record other assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, other real estate (primarily foreclosed property), nonmarketable equity securities and certain other assets and liabilities. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve write-downs of individual assets or application of lower of cost or fair value accounting.
Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for further information about the fair value hierarchy, descriptions of the valuation methodologies and key inputs used to measure financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, as well as a description of the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value disclosures for financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

(in millions) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan assets | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
Equity securities | 51 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | 2,802 |  |  | 2,802 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a) | 13,165 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,165 |  |  | — |  |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (a) | 4,862 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,862 |  |  | — |  |
Total investment securities available-for-sale | 20,829 |  |  | 2,802 |  |  | 18,027 |  |  | — |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | 126 |  |  | — |  |
Energy contracts | 1,591 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,591 |  |  | — |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |
Total derivative assets | 1,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,762 |  |  | — |  |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 22,733 |  |  | $ | 2,944 |  |  | $ | 19,789 |  |  | $ | — |  |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | — |  |
Energy contracts | 1,583 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,583 |  |  | — |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |
Other financial derivative | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |
Total derivative liabilities | 2,031 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,019 |  |  | 12 |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities | 91 |  |  | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 2,122 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 2,019 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan assets | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
Equity securities | 62 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | 2,993 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a) | 13,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,288 |  |  | — |  |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (a) | 705 |  |  | — |  |  | 705 |  |  | — |  |
Total investment securities available-for-sale | 16,986 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | 13,993 |  |  | — |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | 239 |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |  |  | 26 |  |
Energy contracts | 670 |  |  | — |  |  | 670 |  |  | — |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |
Total derivative assets | 928 |  |  | — |  |  | 902 |  |  | 26 |  |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 18,089 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |  |  | $ | 14,895 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | — |  |
Energy contracts | 662 |  |  | — |  |  | 662 |  |  | — |  |
Foreign exchange contracts | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |
Other financial derivative | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |
Total derivative liabilities | 760 |  |  | — |  |  | 747 |  |  | 13 |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities | 113 |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 873 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |

(a)Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
There were no transfers of assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis into or out of Level 3 fair value measurements during each of the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

|  |  |  | Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (Pretax) Recorded in Earnings (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) | Balance at Beginning of Period |  |  | Realized |  | Unrealized |  |  |  |  |  | Settlements |  |  |  | Balance at End of Period
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 12 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial derivative | (12) |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (12) |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 24 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 29 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial derivative | (11) |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (12) |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 26 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (26) |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial derivative | (13) |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (12) |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 39 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 29 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial derivative | (11) |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (12) |

(a)Realized and unrealized gains and losses due to changes in fair value are recorded in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Corporation may be required to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets that are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, and were recognized at fair value since it was less than cost at the end of the period.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The following table presents assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. No liabilities were recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

(in millions) |  |  |  |  | Level 3
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  | $ | 63 |
Real estate construction |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  | 16 |
Total assets at fair value |  |  |  |  | $ | 81 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  | $ | 125 |
Real estate construction |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  | 17 |
International |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Total assets at fair value |  |  |  |  | $ | 150 |

Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 included both nonaccrual loans and TDRs for which a specific allowance was established based on the fair value of collateral. The unobservable inputs were the additional adjustments applied by management to the appraised values to reflect such factors as non-current appraisals and revisions to estimated time to sell. These adjustments are determined based on qualitative judgments made by management on a case-by-case basis and are not observable inputs, although they are used in the determination of fair value.
Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The Corporation typically holds the majority of its financial instruments until maturity and thus does not expect to realize many of the estimated fair value amounts disclosed. The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for items that are not defined as financial instruments, but which have significant value. These include such items as core deposit intangibles, the future earnings potential of significant customer relationships and the value of trust operations and other fee generating businesses. The Corporation believes the imprecision of an estimate could be significant.
8

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

| Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value
(in millions) |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 1,631 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 5,902 |  |  | 5,902 |  |  | 5,902 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other short-term investments | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans held-for-sale | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses (a) | 50,891 |  |  | 48,582 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,582 |
Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted equity investments | 92 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonmarketable equity securities (b) | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits (noninterest-bearing) | 42,308 |  |  | 42,308 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,308 |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 31,771 |  |  | 31,771 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,771 |  |  | — |
Customer certificates of deposit | 1,686 |  |  | 1,659 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,659 |  |  | — |
Total deposits | 75,765 |  |  | 75,738 |  |  | — |  |  | 75,738 |  |  | — |
Acceptances outstanding | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Medium- and long-term debt | 2,630 |  |  | 2,630 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,630 |  |  | — |
Credit-related financial instruments | (75) |  |  | (75) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75) |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 21,443 |  |  | 21,443 |  |  | 21,443 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other short-term investments | 16 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans held-for-sale | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |
Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses (a) | 48,697 |  |  | 49,127 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,127 |
Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted equity investments | 92 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonmarketable equity securities (b) | 5 |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits (noninterest-bearing) | 45,800 |  |  | 45,800 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,800 |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 34,566 |  |  | 34,566 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,566 |  |  | — |
Customer certificates of deposit | 1,973 |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | — |
Total deposits | 82,339 |  |  | 82,334 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,334 |  |  | — |
Acceptances outstanding | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Medium- and long-term debt | 2,796 |  |  | 2,854 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,854 |  |  | — |
Credit-related financial instruments | (59) |  |  | (59) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (59) |

(a)Included $81 million and $150 million of loans recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(b)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 3 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES
A summary of the Corporation’s investment securities, which are defined by the Corporation as debt securities reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as investment securities available-for-sale, follows:

(in millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 2,925 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 2,802 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a) | 14,767 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 13,165 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (a) | 5,093 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 4,862 |
Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 22,785 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,958 |  |  | $ | 20,829 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 3,010 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 2,993 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a) | 13,397 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 13,288 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (a) | 709 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 705 |
Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 17,116 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 16,986 |

(a)Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
A summary of the Corporation’s investment securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 follows:

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or more |  | Total
(in millions) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 2,802 |  |  | $ | 123 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a) | 10,475 |  |  | 1,124 |  |  | 2,497 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 12,972 |  |  | 1,603 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (a) | 4,494 |  |  | 232 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,494 |  |  | 232 |
Total temporarily impaired securities | $ | 16,067 |  |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 4,201 |  |  | $ | 597 |  |  | $ | 20,268 |  |  | $ | 1,958 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 465 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 39 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a) | 7,197 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 1,128 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 8,325 |  |  | 176 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (a) | 346 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | 6 |
Total temporarily impaired securities | $ | 8,008 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 2,462 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 10,470 |  |  | $ | 221 |

(a)Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
Unrealized losses on investment securities resulted from changes in market interest rates. The Corporation’s portfolio is comprised of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or government-sponsored enterprises. As such, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investments. Further, the Corporation does not intend to sell the investments, and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the investments before recovery of amortized costs. At June 30, 2022, the Corporation had 1,211 securities in an unrealized loss position with no allowance for credit losses, comprised of 28 U.S. Treasury securities, 944 residential mortgage-backed securities and 239 commercial mortgage-backed securities.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Interest receivable on investment securities totaled $49 million at June 30, 2022 and $36 million at December 31, 2021 and was included in accrued income and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Sales, calls and write-downs of investment securities available-for-sale, computed based on the adjusted cost of the specific security, resulted in no gains or losses during the three months ended and six months ended June 30, 2022 or June 30, 2021.
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of investment securities by contractual maturity. Securities with multiple maturity dates are classified in the period of final maturity. The actual cash flows of mortgage-backed securities may differ as borrowers of the underlying loans may exercise prepayment options. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(in millions) |
June 30, 2022 | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Contractual maturity |  |  |
Within one year | $ | 1,101 |  |  | $ | 1,096 |
After one year through five years | 2,092 |  |  | 1,971 |
After five years through ten years | 5,018 |  |  | 4,787 |
After ten years | 14,574 |  |  | 12,975 |
Total investment securities | $ | 22,785 |  |  | $ | 20,829 |

At June 30, 2022, investment securities with a carrying value of $2.8 billion were pledged where permitted or required by law, including $1.3 billion pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) as collateral for potential future borrowings and $1.6 billion to secure $977 million of liabilities, primarily public and other deposits of state and local government agencies as well as derivative instruments. For information on FHLB borrowings, refer to Note 7.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 4 – CREDIT QUALITY AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following table presents an aging analysis of the amortized cost basis of loans.

| Loans Past Due and Still Accruing |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days |  | 90 Days or More |  | Total |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Current Loans (a) |  | Total Loans
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 31,036 |  |  | $ | 31,259 |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate business line (b) | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,947 |  |  | 1,949 |
Other business lines (c) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 516 |
Total real estate construction | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2,454 |  |  | 2,465 |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate business line (b) | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,605 |  |  | 3,647 |
Other business lines (c) | 60 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 8,110 |  |  | 8,208 |
Total commercial mortgage | 101 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 11,715 |  |  | 11,855 |
Lease financing | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 647 |  |  | 653 |
International | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | 1,291 |
Total business loans | 160 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 47,134 |  |  | 47,523 |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 21 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 1,682 |  |  | 1,753 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1,615 |  |  | 1,632 |
Other consumer | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 546 |
Total consumer | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | 2,178 |
Total retail loans | 28 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 3,838 |  |  | 3,931 |
Total loans | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 50,972 |  |  | $ | 51,454 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 29,134 |  |  | $ | 29,366 |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate business line (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,391 |  |  | 2,391 |
Other business lines (c) | 15 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 557 |
Total real estate construction | 15 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,926 |  |  | 2,948 |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate business line (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,337 |  |  | 3,338 |
Other business lines (c) | 18 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 7,848 |  |  | 7,917 |
Total commercial mortgage | 18 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 11,185 |  |  | 11,255 |
Lease financing | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 635 |  |  | 640 |
International | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,189 |  |  | 1,208 |
Total business loans | 78 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 45,069 |  |  | 45,417 |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 1,731 |  |  | 1,771 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1,514 |  |  | 1,533 |
Other consumer | 32 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 527 |  |  | 564 |
Total consumer | 36 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,041 |  |  | 2,097 |
Total retail loans | 40 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | 3,868 |
Total loans | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 48,841 |  |  | $ | 49,285 |

(a)Includes $22 million of loans with deferred payments not considered past due in accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) at December 31, 2021.
(b)Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(c)Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
12

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator (CQI) and vintage year. CQI is based on internal risk ratings assigned to each business loan at the time of approval and subjected to subsequent reviews, generally at least annually, and to pools of retail loans with similar risk characteristics. Vintage year is the year of origination or major modification.

| June 30, 2022 |  |
| Vintage Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Prior |  | Revolvers |  | Revolvers Converted to Term |  | Total |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | $ | 2,637 |  | (b) | $ | 4,101 |  | (b) | $ | 1,255 |  | (b) | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 703 |  |  | $ | 1,233 |  |  | $ | 18,847 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 30,068 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 23 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,191 |  |  |
Total commercial | 2,660 |  |  | 4,255 |  |  | 1,368 |  |  | 1,391 |  |  | 764 |  |  | 1,340 |  |  | 19,471 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 31,259 |  |  |
Real estate construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 225 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 765 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,461 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Total real estate construction | 225 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 768 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,465 |  |  |
Commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 1,569 |  |  | 2,490 |  |  | 1,736 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | 2,750 |  |  | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,643 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 1 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 212 |  |  |
Total commercial mortgage | 1,570 |  |  | 2,518 |  |  | 1,778 |  |  | 1,511 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 2,830 |  |  | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,855 |  |  |
Lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 152 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 626 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 6 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  |
Total lease financing | 158 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 653 |  |  |
International |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 283 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 487 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,258 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  |
Total international | 283 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 497 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,291 |  |  |
Total business loans | 4,896 |  |  | 7,997 |  |  | 4,082 |  |  | 3,460 |  |  | 2,203 |  |  | 4,380 |  |  | 20,495 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 47,523 |  |  |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 184 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 414 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,703 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  |
Total residential mortgage | 184 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 449 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,753 |  |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,566 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 1,617 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 15 |  |  |
Total home equity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,578 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 1,632 |  |  |
Other consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 48 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 366 |  |  | — |  |  | 544 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Total other consumer | 48 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 367 |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |  |  |
Total consumer | 48 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 1,945 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 2,178 |  |  |
Total retail loans | 232 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 549 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 1,945 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 3,931 |  |  |
Total loans | $ | 5,128 |  |  | $ | 8,456 |  |  | $ | 4,631 |  |  | $ | 3,616 |  |  | $ | 2,279 |  |  | $ | 4,851 |  |  | $ | 22,440 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 51,454 |  |  |
Table continues on the following page. |  |

13

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

| December 31, 2021 |  |
| Vintage Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  | Revolvers |  | Revolvers Converted to Term |  | Total |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | $ | 5,270 |  | (b) | $ | 1,740 |  | (b) | $ | 1,528 |  |  | $ | 947 |  |  | $ | 713 |  |  | $ | 763 |  |  | $ | 17,241 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 28,212 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 101 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,154 |  |  |
Total commercial | 5,371 |  |  | 1,860 |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 739 |  |  | 857 |  |  | 17,861 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 29,366 |  |  |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 458 |  |  | 858 |  |  | 849 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 132 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,913 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  |
Total real estate construction | 458 |  |  | 861 |  |  | 849 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,948 |  |  |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 2,491 |  |  | 1,932 |  |  | 1,444 |  |  | 1,343 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 2,298 |  |  | 481 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,007 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 17 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |  |  |
Total commercial mortgage | 2,508 |  |  | 1,976 |  |  | 1,494 |  |  | 1,365 |  |  | 1,041 |  |  | 2,385 |  |  | 486 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,255 |  |  |
Lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 166 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 618 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  |
Total lease financing | 166 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 640 |  |  |
International |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 381 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 480 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,151 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 20 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  |
Total international | 401 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 487 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,208 |  |  |
Total business loans | 8,904 |  |  | 4,938 |  |  | 4,189 |  |  | 2,927 |  |  | 1,990 |  |  | 3,488 |  |  | 18,969 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 45,417 |  |  |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 443 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,735 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  |
Total residential mortgage | 448 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 428 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,771 |  |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,460 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 17 |  |  |
Total home equity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 1,533 |  |  |
Other consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (a) | 101 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 560 |  |  |
Criticized (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Total other consumer | 101 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 341 |  |  | — |  |  | 564 |  |  |
Total consumer | 101 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 1,813 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 2,097 |  |  |
Total retail loans | 549 |  |  | 595 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 1,813 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 3,868 |  |  |
Total loans | $ | 9,453 |  |  | $ | 5,533 |  |  | $ | 4,367 |  |  | $ | 3,021 |  |  | $ | 2,109 |  |  | $ | 3,959 |  |  | $ | 20,782 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 49,285 |  |  |

(a)Includes all loans not included in the categories of special mention, substandard or nonaccrual.
(b)Includes Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans of $90 million and $458 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(c)Includes loans with an internal rating of special mention, substandard loans for which the accrual of interest has not been discontinued and nonaccrual loans. Special mention loans have potential credit weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention, such as loans to borrowers who may be experiencing financial difficulties that may result in deterioration of repayment prospects from the borrower at some future date. Accruing substandard loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, such as loans to borrowers who may be experiencing losses from operations or inadequate liquidity of a degree and duration that jeopardizes the orderly repayment of the loan. Substandard loans are also distinguished by the distinct possibility of loss in the future if these weaknesses are not corrected. Nonaccrual loans are loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued. For further information regarding nonaccrual loans, refer to the Nonperforming Assets subheading in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies on page F-52 in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report. These categories are generally consistent with the "special mention" and "substandard" categories as defined by regulatory authorities. A minority of nonaccrual loans are consistent with the "doubtful" category.
Loan interest receivable totaled $149 million and $120 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively and was included in accrued income and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
14

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table details the changes in the allowance for credit losses.

| 2022 |  | 2021
(in millions) | Business Loans |  | Retail Loans |  | Total |  | Business Loans |  | Retail Loans |  | Total
Three Months Ended June 30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 554 |  |  | $ | 709 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 777 |
Allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments | 33 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 30 |
Allowance for credit losses | 526 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 807 |
Loan charge-offs | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (8) |
Recoveries on loans previously charged-off | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Net loan (charge-offs) recoveries | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 11 |
Provision for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | 10 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (132) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (136) |
Provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 1 |
Provision for credit losses | 11 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 10 |  |  | (130) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (135) |
Balance at end of period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | 502 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 652 |
Allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments | 34 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 31 |
Allowance for credit losses | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 613 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 683 |
Six Months Ended June 30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 948 |
Allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments | 24 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 44 |
Allowance for credit losses | 555 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 618 |  |  | 930 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 992 |
Loan charge-offs | (30) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (24) |
Recoveries on loans previously charged-off | 21 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 32 |
Net loan (charge-offs) recoveries | (9) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 8 |
Provision for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | (20) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (17) |  |  | (315) |  |  | 11 |  |  | (304) |
Provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments | 10 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (11) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (13) |
Provision for credit losses | (10) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (326) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (317) |
Balance at end of period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | 502 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 652 |
Allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments | 34 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 31 |
Allowance for credit losses | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 613 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 683 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans | 1.06 | % |  | 1.55 | % |  | 1.09 | % |  | 1.27 | % |  | 1.63 | % |  | 1.30 | %
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans | 1.13 |  |  | 1.85 |  |  | 1.18 |  |  | 1.32 |  |  | 1.80 |  |  | 1.36 |

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Nonaccrual Loans
The following table presents additional information regarding nonaccrual loans. Interest income of $2 million was recognized on nonaccrual loans for both the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and $4 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

(in millions) | Nonaccrual Loans with No Related Allowance |  | Nonaccrual Loans with Related Allowance |  | Total Nonaccrual Loans
June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 161 |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |
Other business lines (a) | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate business line (b) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Other business lines (a) | 4 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 28 |
Total commercial mortgage | 4 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 29 |
International | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Total business loans | 76 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 199 |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Other consumer | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total consumer | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total retail loans | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |
Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 262 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 173 |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |
Other business lines (a) | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate business line (b) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Other business lines (a) | 4 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 31 |
Total commercial mortgage | 4 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 32 |
International | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Total business loans | 12 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 216 |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Total retail loans | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 264 |

(a)Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
(b)Primarily loans to real estate developers.
Foreclosed Properties
Foreclosed properties totaled $1 million at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Retail loans secured by residential real estate properties in process of foreclosure included in nonaccrual loans were insignificant at June 30, 2022, compared to none at December 31, 2021.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following table details the amortized cost basis at June 30, 2022 and 2021 of loans considered to be TDRs that were restructured during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, by type of modification. In cases of loans with more than one type of modification, the loans were categorized based on the most significant modification.

| 2022 |  |  | 2021 (a)
| Type of Modification |
(in millions) | Principal Deferrals (b) |  |  |  |  | Interest Rate Reductions |
Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 15 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other business lines (c) | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other business lines (c) | 8 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Total business loans | 26 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | — |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity (d) | — |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Total loans | $ | 26 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |
Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 21 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |
Real estate construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other business lines (c) | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other business lines (c) | 15 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Total business loans | 39 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Retail loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | — |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity (d) | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Total loans | $ | 40 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |

(a)Under the provisions of the CARES Act, qualifying COVID-19-related modifications, primarily principal deferrals, were not considered TDRs during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
(b)Primarily represents loan balances where terms were extended by more than an insignificant time period, typically more than 180 days, at or above contractual interest rates. Also includes commercial loans restructured in bankruptcy.
(c)Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
(d)Includes bankruptcy loans for which the court has discharged the borrower's obligation and the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt.
The Corporation charges interest on principal balances outstanding during deferral periods. Additionally, none of the modifications involved forgiveness of principal. Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in TDRs were $1 million at June 30, 2022 compared to none at December 31, 2021, respectively. On an ongoing basis, the Corporation monitors the performance of modified loans to their restructured terms. The allowance for loan losses continues to be reassessed on the basis of an individual evaluation of the loan.
For principal deferrals, incremental deterioration in the credit quality of the loan, represented by a downgrade in the risk rating of the loan, for example, due to missed interest payments or a reduction of collateral value, is considered a subsequent default. For interest rate reductions, a subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when a principal or interest payment is 90 days past due. Of the TDRs modified during the twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no subsequent defaults of principal deferrals or interest rate reductions for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 5 - DERIVATIVE AND CREDIT-RELATED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into various transactions involving derivative and credit-related financial instruments to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rate, foreign currency and other market risks and to meet the financing needs of customers (customer-initiated derivatives). These financial instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of market and credit risk. Market and credit risk are included in the determination of fair value.
Market risk is the potential loss that may result from movements in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or energy commodity prices that cause an unfavorable change in the value of a financial instrument. The Corporation manages this risk by establishing monetary exposure limits and monitoring compliance with those limits. Market risk inherent in interest rate and energy contracts entered into on behalf of customers is mitigated by taking offsetting positions, except in those circumstances when the amount, tenor and/or contract rate level results in negligible economic risk, whereby the cost of purchasing an offsetting contract is not economically justifiable. The Corporation mitigates most of the inherent market risk in foreign exchange contracts entered into on behalf of customers by taking offsetting positions and manages the remainder through individual foreign currency position limits and aggregate value-at-risk limits. These limits are established annually and positions are monitored quarterly. Market risk inherent in derivative instruments held or issued for risk management purposes is typically offset by changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged.
Credit risk is the possible loss that may occur in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to a financial instrument. The Corporation attempts to minimize credit risk arising from customer-initiated derivatives by evaluating the creditworthiness of each customer, adhering to the same credit approval process used for traditional lending activities and obtaining collateral as deemed necessary. Derivatives with dealer counterparties are either cleared through a clearinghouse or settled directly with a single counterparty. For derivatives settled directly with dealer counterparties, the Corporation utilizes counterparty risk limits and monitoring procedures as well as master netting arrangements and bilateral collateral agreements to facilitate the management of credit risk.
Included in the fair value of derivative instruments are credit valuation adjustments reflecting counterparty credit risk. These adjustments are determined by applying a credit spread for the counterparty or the Corporation, as appropriate, to the total expected exposure of the derivative. Master netting arrangements effectively reduce credit valuation adjustments by permitting settlement of positive and negative positions and offset cash collateral held with the same counterparty on a net basis. Bilateral collateral agreements require daily exchange of cash or highly rated securities issued by the U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government entities to collateralize amounts due to either party. At June 30, 2022, counterparties with bilateral collateral agreements deposited $137 million of cash with the Corporation to secure the fair value of contracts in an unrealized gain position, and the Corporation had pledged $210 million of marketable investment securities and posted $1.3 billion of cash as collateral for contracts in an unrealized loss position. For those counterparties not covered under bilateral collateral agreements, collateral is obtained, if deemed necessary, based on the results of management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral varies, but may include cash, investment securities, accounts receivable, equipment or real estate.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments utilized by the Corporation are negotiated over-the-counter and primarily include swaps, caps and floors, forward contracts and options, each of which may relate to interest rates, energy commodity prices or foreign currency exchange rates. Swaps are agreements in which two parties periodically exchange cash payments based on specified indices applied to a specified notional amount until a stated maturity. Caps and floors are agreements which entitle the buyer to receive cash payments based on the difference between a specified reference rate or price and an agreed strike rate or price, applied to a specified notional amount until a stated maturity. Forward contracts are over-the-counter agreements to buy or sell an asset at a specified future date and price. Options are similar to forward contracts except the purchaser has the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the asset during a specified period or at a specified future date.
Over-the-counter contracts are tailored to meet the needs of the counterparties involved and, therefore, contain a greater degree of credit risk and liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts, which have standardized terms and readily available price information. The Corporation reduces exposure to market and liquidity risks from over-the-counter derivative instruments entered into for risk management purposes, and transactions entered into to mitigate the market risk associated with customer-initiated transactions, by taking offsetting positions with investment grade domestic and foreign financial institutions and subjecting counterparties to credit approvals, limits and collateral monitoring procedures similar to those used in making other extensions of credit. In addition, certain derivative contracts executed bilaterally with a dealer counterparty in the over-the-counter market are cleared through a clearinghouse, whereby the clearinghouse becomes the counterparty to the transaction.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The following table presents the composition of the Corporation’s derivative instruments held or issued for risk management purposes or in connection with customer-initiated and other activities at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The table excludes a derivative related to the Corporation's 2008 sale of its remaining ownership of Visa shares.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
|  |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Fair Value
(in millions) | Notional/ Contract Amount (a) |  | Gross Derivative Assets |  | Gross Derivative Liabilities |  | Notional/ Contract Amount (a) |  | Gross Derivative Assets |  | Gross Derivative Liabilities
Risk management purposes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swaps - receive fixed/pay floating | $ | 2,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cash flow swaps - receive fixed/pay floating (b) | 19,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 8,050 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivatives used as economic hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Spot, forwards and swaps | 545 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 452 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Total risk management purposes | 22,445 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 11,152 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Customer-initiated and other activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Caps and floors written | 902 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 809 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Caps and floors purchased | 902 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 809 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Swaps | 19,327 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 365 |  |  | 19,382 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 66 |
Total interest rate contracts | 21,131 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 21,000 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 69 |
Energy contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Caps and floors written | 3,655 |  |  | — |  |  | 559 |  |  | 1,779 |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |
Caps and floors purchased | 3,655 |  |  | 560 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,779 |  |  | 204 |  |  | — |
Swaps | 6,159 |  |  | 1,031 |  |  | 1,024 |  |  | 4,212 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 459 |
Total energy contracts | 13,469 |  |  | 1,591 |  |  | 1,583 |  |  | 7,770 |  |  | 670 |  |  | 662 |
Foreign exchange contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Spot, forwards, options and swaps | 2,356 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 1,716 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 14 |
Total customer-initiated and other activities | 36,956 |  |  | 1,759 |  |  | 1,994 |  |  | 30,486 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 745 |
Total gross derivatives | $ | 59,401 |  |  | 1,762 |  |  | 2,019 |  |  | $ | 41,638 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 747 |
Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Netting adjustment - Offsetting derivative assets/liabilities |  |  | (356) |  |  | (356) |  |  |  |  | (187) |  |  | (187) |
Netting adjustment - Cash collateral received/posted |  |  | (123) |  |  | (1,090) |  |  |  |  | (15) |  |  | (452) |
Net derivatives included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (c) |  |  | 1,283 |  |  | 573 |  |  |  |  | 726 |  |  | 108 |
Amounts not offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities pledged under bilateral collateral agreements |  |  | (14) |  |  | (131) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (52) |
Net derivatives after deducting amounts not offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  | $ | 1,269 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  |  |  | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | 56 |

(a)Notional or contractual amounts, which represent the extent of involvement in the derivatives market, are used to determine the contractual cash flows required in accordance with the terms of the agreement. These amounts are typically not exchanged, significantly exceed amounts subject to credit or market risk and are not reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b)June 30, 2022 included $9.7 billion of forward starting swaps that will become effective on their contractual start dates in 2022 and 2023.
(c)Net derivative assets are included in accrued income and other assets and net derivative liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Included in the fair value of net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities are credit valuation adjustments reflecting counterparty credit risk and credit risk of the Corporation. The fair value of net derivative assets included credit valuation adjustments for counterparty credit risk of $8 million and $9 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Risk Management
The Corporation's derivative instruments used for managing interest rate risk include cash flow hedging strategies that convert variable-rate loans to fixed rates and fair value hedging strategies that convert fixed-rate medium- and long-term debt to variable rates. Interest and fees on loans included $25 million and $24 million of cash flow hedge income for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $47 million and $48 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table details the effects of fair value hedging on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

| Interest on Medium- and Long-Term Debt
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Total interest on medium- and long-term debt (a) | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items | 26 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 51 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (13) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (30) |  |  | (34) |

(a) Includes the effects of hedging.
For information on accumulated net (losses) gains on cash flow hedges, refer to Note 8.
The following table summarizes the expected weighted average remaining maturity of the notional amount of risk management interest rate swaps, the carrying amount of the related hedged items and the weighted average interest rates associated with amounts expected to be received or paid on interest rate swap agreements as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Cash flow swaps - receive fixed/pay floating rate on variable-rate loans

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Weighted average: |  |  |
Time to maturity (in years) | 4.7 |  |  | 2.4 |
Receive rate (a) | 1.95 | % |  | 1.84 | %
Pay rate (a), (b) | 1.00 |  |  | 0.10 |

(a)Excludes forward starting swaps not effective as of the period shown. June 30, 2022 excluded $9.7 billion of forward starting swaps. December 31, 2021 excluded $3.0 billion of forward starting swaps.
(b)Variable rates paid on receive fixed swaps designated as cash flow hedges are based on one-month LIBOR, BSBY or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rates in effect at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Derivative contracts with maturity dates beyond the LIBOR cessation date will fall back to the daily SOFR with a spread adjustment.
Fair value swaps - receive fixed/pay floating rate on medium- and long-term debt

(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Carrying value of hedged items (a) | $ | 2,630 |  |  | $ | 2,796 |
Weighted average: |  |  |
Time to maturity (in years) | 3.1 |  |  | 3.6 |
Receive rate | 3.68 | % |  | 3.68 | %
Pay rate (b) | 2.19 |  |  | 1.08 |

(a)Included $(22) million and $145 million of cumulative hedging adjustments at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which included $4 million and $5 million, respectively, of hedging adjustment on a discontinued hedging relationship.
(b)Floating rates paid on receive fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges are based on one-month LIBOR rates in effect at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Derivative contracts with maturity dates beyond the LIBOR cessation date will fall back to the daily SOFR with a spread adjustment.
Customer-Initiated and Other
The Corporation enters into derivative transactions at the request of customers and generally takes offsetting positions with dealer counterparties to mitigate the inherent market risk. Income primarily results from the spread between the customer derivative and the offsetting dealer position.
For customer-initiated foreign exchange contracts where offsetting positions have not been taken, the Corporation manages the remaining inherent market risk through individual foreign currency position limits and aggregate value-at-risk limits. These limits are established annually and reviewed quarterly. For those customer-initiated derivative contracts which
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
were not offset or where the Corporation holds a position within the limits described above, the Corporation recognized no net gains and losses in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Fair values of customer-initiated and other derivative instruments represent the net unrealized gains or losses on such contracts and are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The net gains recognized in income on customer-initiated derivative instruments, net of the impact of offsetting positions included in derivative income, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest rate contracts | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Energy contracts | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |
Foreign exchange contracts | 13 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 22 |
Total | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 52 |

Credit-Related Financial Instruments
The Corporation issues off-balance sheet financial instruments in connection with commercial and consumer lending activities. The Corporation’s credit risk associated with these instruments is represented by the contractual amounts indicated in the following table.

(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Unused commitments to extend credit: |  |  |
Commercial and other | $ | 27,686 |  |  | $ | 25,910 |
Bankcard, revolving credit and home equity loan commitments | 3,774 |  |  | 3,554 |
Total unused commitments to extend credit | $ | 31,460 |  |  | $ | 29,464 |
Standby letters of credit | $ | 3,494 |  |  | $ | 3,378 |
Commercial letters of credit | 55 |  |  | 44 |

The Corporation maintains an allowance to cover current expected credit losses inherent in lending-related commitments, including unused commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and financial guarantees. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $46 million and $30 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Unused Commitments to Extend Credit
Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to a customer, provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total contractual amount of commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Corporation. Commercial and other unused commitments are primarily variable rate commitments. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments included $39 million at June 30, 2022 and $27 million at December 31, 2021 for expected credit losses inherent in the Corporation’s unused commitments to extend credit.
Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit represent conditional obligations of the Corporation which guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. Commercial letters of credit are issued to finance foreign or domestic trade transactions. These contracts expire in decreasing amounts through the year 2028. The Corporation may enter into participation arrangements with third parties that effectively reduce the maximum amount of future payments which may be required under standby and commercial letters of credit. These risk participations covered $105 million and $98 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of the $3.5 billion and $3.4 billion of standby and commercial letters of credit outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
The carrying value of the Corporation’s standby and commercial letters of credit, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $36 million at June 30, 2022, including $29 million in deferred fees and $7 million in the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. At December 31, 2021, the comparable amounts were $32 million, $29 million and $3 million, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
The following table presents a summary of criticized standby and commercial letters of credit at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Corporation's criticized list is generally consistent with the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful categories defined by regulatory authorities. The Corporation manages credit risk through underwriting, periodically reviewing and approving its credit exposures using Board committee approved credit policies and guidelines.

(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Total criticized standby and commercial letters of credit | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 37 |
As a percentage of total outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit | 0.9 | % |  | 1.1 | %

Other Credit-Related Financial Instruments
The Corporation enters into credit risk participation agreements, under which the Corporation assumes credit exposure associated with a borrower’s performance related to certain interest rate derivative contracts. The Corporation is not a party to the interest rate derivative contracts and only enters into these credit risk participation agreements in instances in which the Corporation is also a party to the related loan participation agreements for such borrowers. The Corporation manages its credit risk on the credit risk participation agreements by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrowers, which is based on the normal credit review process as if the Corporation had entered into the derivative instruments directly with the borrower. The notional amount of such credit risk participation agreements reflects the pro-rata share of the derivative instrument, consistent with its share of the related participated loan. The total notional amount of the credit risk participation agreements was approximately $899 million and $1.1 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the fair value was insignificant at June 30, 2022 and $1 million at December 31, 2021. The maximum estimated exposure to these agreements, as measured by projecting a maximum value of the guaranteed derivative instruments, assuming 100 percent default by all obligors on the maximum values, was insignificant at June 30, 2022 and $30 million at December 31, 2021. In the event of default, the lead bank has the ability to liquidate the assets of the borrower, in which case the lead bank would be required to return a percentage of the recouped assets to the participating banks. As of June 30, 2022, the weighted average remaining maturity of outstanding credit risk participation agreements was 4.0 years.
In 2008, the Corporation sold its remaining ownership of Visa Class B shares and entered into a derivative contract. Under the terms of the derivative contract, the Corporation will compensate the counterparty primarily for dilutive adjustments made to the conversion factor of the Visa Class B shares to Class A shares based on the ultimate outcome of litigation involving Visa. Conversely, the Corporation will be compensated by the counterparty for any increase in the conversion factor from anti-dilutive adjustments. The notional amount of the derivative contract was equivalent to approximately 780,000 Visa Class B Shares. The fair value of the derivative liability, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $12 million and $13 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
NOTE 6 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (VIEs)
The Corporation evaluates its interest in certain entities to determine if these entities meet the definition of a VIE and whether the Corporation is the primary beneficiary and should consolidate the entity based on the variable interests it held both at inception and when there is a change in circumstances that requires a reconsideration.
The Corporation holds ownership interests in funds in the form of limited partnerships or limited liability companies (LLCs) investing in affordable housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC). The Corporation also directly invests in limited partnerships and LLCs which invest in community development projects, which generate similar tax credits to investors (other tax credit entities). As an investor, the Corporation obtains income tax credits and deductions from the operating losses of these tax credit entities. These tax credit entities meet the definition of a VIE; however, the Corporation is not the primary beneficiary of the entities, as the general partner or the managing member has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entities.
The Corporation accounts for its interests in LIHTC entities using the proportional amortization method. Ownership interests in other tax credit entities are accounted for under either the cost or equity method. Exposure to loss as a result of the Corporation's involvement in LIHTC entities and other tax credit entities at June 30, 2022 was limited to $457 million and $18 million, respectively.
Investment balances, including all legally binding commitments to fund future investments, are included in accrued income and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A liability is recognized in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for all legally binding unfunded commitments to fund tax credit entities ($181 million at June 30, 2022). Amortization and other write-downs of LIHTC investments are presented on a net basis as a component of the provision for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, while amortization and write-downs of
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
other tax credit investments are recorded in other noninterest income. The income tax credits and deductions are recorded as a reduction of income tax expense and a reduction of federal income taxes payable.
The Corporation provided no financial or other support that was not contractually required to any of the above VIEs during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
The following table summarizes the impact of these tax credit entities on the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Provision for income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of LIHTC investments | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
Low income housing tax credits | (17) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (33) |
Other tax benefits related to tax credit entities | (5) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (8) |
Total provision for income taxes | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (6) |

For further information on the Corporation’s consolidation policy, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report.
NOTE 7 - MEDIUM- AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Medium- and long-term debt is summarized as follows:

(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Parent company |  |  |
Subordinated notes: |  |  |
3.80% subordinated notes due 2026 (a) | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 265 |
Medium- and long-term notes: |  |  |
3.70% notes due July 2023(a) | 847 |  |  | 877 |
4.00% notes due 2029 (a) | 538 |  |  | 594 |
Total medium- and long-term notes | 1,385 |  |  | 1,471 |
Total parent company | 1,631 |  |  | 1,736 |
Subsidiaries |  |  |
Subordinated notes: |  |  |
4.00% subordinated notes due 2025 (a) | 341 |  |  | 363 |
7.875% subordinated notes due 2026 (a) | 174 |  |  | 190 |
Total subordinated notes | 515 |  |  | 553 |
Medium- and long-term notes: |  |  |
2.50% notes due 2024 (a) | 484 |  |  | 507 |
Total medium- and long-term notes | 484 |  |  | 507 |
Total subsidiaries | 999 |  |  | 1,060 |
Total medium- and long-term debt | $ | 2,630 |  |  | $ | 2,796 |

(a)The fixed interest rates on these notes have been swapped to a variable rate and designated in a hedging relationship. Accordingly, carrying value has been adjusted to reflect the change in the fair value of the debt as a result of changes in the benchmark rate.
Subordinated notes with remaining maturities greater than one year qualify as Tier 2 capital.
Comerica Bank (the Bank), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation, is a member of the FHLB, which provides short-and long-term funding to its members through advances collateralized by real estate-related assets. Borrowing capacity is contingent on the amount of collateral available to be pledged to the FHLB. At June 30, 2022, $18.1 billion of real estate-related loans and $1.3 billion of investment securities were pledged to the FHLB as collateral with capacity for potential future borrowings of approximately $10.5 billion.
Unamortized debt issuance costs deducted from the carrying amount of medium- and long-term debt totaled $6 million and $7 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 8 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss and details the components of other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, including the amount of income tax benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive loss.

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021
Accumulated net unrealized (losses) gains on investment securities: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax | $ | (99) |  |  | $ | 211 |
Net unrealized losses arising during the period | (1,826) |  |  | (184) |
Less: Benefit for income taxes | (430) |  |  | (43) |
Change in net unrealized (losses) gains on investment securities, net of tax | (1,396) |  |  | (141) |
Balance at end of period, net of tax | $ | (1,495) |  |  | $ | 70 |
Accumulated net (losses) gains on cash flow hedges: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 155 |
Net cash flow hedge losses arising during the period | (408) |  |  | (16) |
Less: Benefit for income taxes | (96) |  |  | (4) |
Change in net cash flow hedge (losses) gains arising during the period, net of tax | (312) |  |  | (12) |
Less: |  |  |
Net cash flow hedge gains included in interest and fees on loans | 47 |  |  | 48 |
Less: Provision for income taxes | 11 |  |  | 11 |
Reclassification adjustment for net cash flow hedge gains included in net income, net of tax | 36 |  |  | 37 |
Change in net cash flow hedge (losses) gains, net of tax | (348) |  |  | (49) |
Balance at end of period, net of tax (a) | $ | (293) |  |  | $ | 106 |
Accumulated defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans adjustment: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax | $ | (168) |  |  | $ | (302) |
Amounts recognized in other noninterest expenses: |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial net loss | 14 |  |  | 20 |
Amortization of prior service credit | (12) |  |  | (12) |
Total amounts recognized in other noninterest expenses | 2 |  |  | 8 |
Less: Provision for income taxes | — |  |  | 2 |
Adjustment for amounts recognized as components of net periodic benefit credit during the period, net of tax | 2 |  |  | 6 |
Change in defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans adjustment, net of tax | 2 |  |  | 6 |
Balance at end of period, net of tax | $ | (166) |  |  | $ | (296) |
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of period, net of tax | $ | (1,954) |  |  | $ | (120) |

(a)The Corporation expects to reclassify $112 million of losses, net of tax, from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings over the next twelve months if interest yield curves and notional amounts remain at June 30, 2022 levels.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 9 - NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic and diluted net income per common share are presented in the following table.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Basic and diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 678 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income allocated to participating securities | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Preferred stock dividends | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |
Net income attributable to common shares | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 664 |
Basic average common shares | 131 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 138 |
Basic net income per common share | $ | 1.94 |  |  | $ | 2.35 |  |  | $ | 3.33 |  |  | $ | 4.81 |
Basic average common shares | 131 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 138 |
Dilutive common stock equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net effect of the assumed exercise of stock awards | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Diluted average common shares | 132 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 140 |
Diluted net income per common share | $ | 1.92 |  |  | $ | 2.32 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 4.76 |

The following average shares related to outstanding options to purchase shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share because the options were anti-dilutive for the period.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(average outstanding options in thousands) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Average outstanding options | 551 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 446 |
Range of exercise prices | $70.18 - $95.25 |  | $79.01 - $95.25 |  | $92.58 - $95.25 |  | $70.18 - $95.25

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 10 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Net periodic defined benefit cost (credit) is comprised of service cost and other components of net benefit cost (credit). Service cost is included in salaries and benefits expense and other components of net benefit cost (credit) are included in other noninterest expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. For further information on the Corporation's employee benefit plans, refer to Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report.
The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the Corporation's qualified pension plan, non-qualified pension plan and postretirement benefit plan are as follows.

Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Service cost | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Other components of net benefit credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 30 |
Expected return on plan assets | (50) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (100) |  |  | (101) |
Amortization of prior service credit | (3) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (9) |
Amortization of net loss | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 15 |
Total other components of net benefit credit | (33) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (66) |  |  | (65) |
Net periodic defined benefit credit | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | (47) |  |  | $ | (46) |

Non-Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Other components of net benefit cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Amortization of prior service credit | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (3) |
Amortization of net loss | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |
Total other components of net benefit cost | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |
Net periodic defined benefit cost | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 6 |

Postretirement Benefit Plan | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Other components of net benefit credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected return on plan assets | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Net periodic defined benefit credit | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (1) |

NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES AND TAX-RELATED ITEMS
Net unrecognized tax benefits were $19 million and $18 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Corporation anticipates that it is reasonably possible that final settlement of federal and state tax issues will result in a change in net unrecognized tax benefits of $5 million within the next twelve months. Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was a liability for tax-related interest and penalties of $6 million at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Net deferred tax assets were $566 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $9 million at December 31, 2021. The increase of $557 million in net deferred tax assets resulted primarily from increases to deferred tax assets related to net unrealized losses on investment securities available-for-sale and hedging gains and losses. Included in deferred tax assets at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $3 million of state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and $3 million of federal foreign tax carryforwards. State net operating loss carryforwards expire between 2022 and 2031 and federal foreign tax credit carryforwards expire between 2028 and 2030. The Corporation believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit from federal foreign tax credits and certain state NOL carryforwards will not be realized and, accordingly, maintains a federal valuation allowance of $3 million and a state valuation allowance of $2 million at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The determination regarding valuation allowance was based on evidence of loss carryback capacity, projected future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences to absorb the deferred tax assets and assumptions made regarding future events.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation enters into certain transactions that have tax consequences. From time to time, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or other tax jurisdictions may review and/or challenge specific interpretive tax positions taken by the Corporation with respect to those transactions. The Corporation believes its tax returns were filed based upon applicable statutes, regulations and case law in effect at the time of the transactions. The IRS or other tax jurisdictions, an administrative authority or a court, if presented with the transactions, could disagree with the Corporation’s interpretation of the tax law.
Based on current knowledge and probability assessment of various potential outcomes, the Corporation believes that current tax reserves are adequate, and the amount of any potential incremental liability arising is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations. Probabilities and outcomes are reviewed as events unfold, and adjustments to the reserves are made when necessary.
NOTE 12 - CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Matters
The Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are subject to various other pending or threatened legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business or operations. The Corporation believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its other currently outstanding legal proceedings and, with respect to such legal proceedings, intends to continue to defend itself vigorously, litigating or settling cases according to management’s judgment as to what is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders. Settlement may result from the Corporation's determination that it may be more prudent financially to settle, rather than litigate, and should not be regarded as an admission of liability.
Further, from time to time, the Corporation is also subject to examinations, inquiries and investigations by regulatory authorities in areas including, but not limited to, compliance, risk management and consumer protection, which could lead to administrative or legal proceedings or settlements. For example, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) is investigating certain of the Corporation's practices, and the Corporation has responded and continues to respond to the CFPB. We are unable to predict the outcome of these discussions at this time. Remedies in these proceedings or settlements may include fines, penalties, restitution or alterations in the Corporation's business practices and may result in increased operating expenses or decreased revenues.
On at least a quarterly basis, the Corporation assesses its potential liabilities and contingencies in connection with outstanding legal proceedings and regulatory matters utilizing the latest information available. On a case-by-case basis, accruals are established for those legal claims and regulatory matters for which it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving these claims and regulatory matters may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued. Based on current knowledge, and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes current accruals are adequate, and the amount of any incremental liability arising from these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
For matters where a loss is not probable, the Corporation has not established an accrual. The Corporation believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of established accruals, for all legal proceedings and regulatory matters in which it is involved is from zero to approximately $59 million at June 30, 2022. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those legal proceedings and regulatory matters in which the Corporation is involved, taking into account the Corporation’s best estimate of such losses for those legal cases and regulatory matters for which such estimate can be made. For certain legal cases and regulatory matters, the Corporation does not believe that an estimate can currently be made. The Corporation’s estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the legal proceedings and regulatory matters (including the fact many are currently in preliminary stages), the existence in certain legal proceedings of multiple defendants (including the Corporation) whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the legal proceedings and regulatory matters (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims) and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such legal proceedings and regulatory matters. Accordingly, the Corporation’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more or less than the current estimate.
In the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible the ultimate resolution of these matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the Corporation's consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
For information regarding income tax contingencies, refer to Note 11.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 13 - STRATEGIC LINES OF BUSINESS
The Corporation has strategically aligned its operations into three major business segments: the Commercial Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth Management. These business segments are differentiated based on the type of customer and the related products and services provided. In addition to the three major business segments, the Finance Division is also reported as a segment. Business segment results are produced by the Corporation’s internal management accounting system. This system measures financial results based on the internal business unit structure of the Corporation. The performance of the business segments is not comparable with the Corporation's consolidated results and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities. The management accounting system assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each business segment using certain methodologies, which are regularly reviewed and refined. From time to time, the Corporation may make reclassifications among the segments to more appropriately reflect management's current view of the segments, and methodologies may be modified as the management accounting system is enhanced and changes occur in the organizational structure and/or product lines. For comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on business unit structure and methodologies in effect at June 30, 2022.
The following discussion provides information about the activities of each business segment. A discussion of the financial results and the factors impacting performance can be found in "Business Segments" in the "Strategic Lines of Business" section of the financial review.
The Commercial Bank meets the needs of small and middle market businesses, multinational corporations and governmental entities by offering various products and services including commercial loans and lines of credit, deposits, cash management, capital market products, international trade finance, letters of credit, foreign exchange management services and loan syndication services.
The Retail Bank includes a full range of personal financial services, consisting of consumer lending, consumer deposit gathering and mortgage loan origination. This business segment offers a variety of consumer products including deposit accounts, installment loans, credit cards, student loans, home equity lines of credit and residential mortgage loans. In addition, this business segment offers a subset of commercial products and services to micro-businesses whose primary contact is through the branch network.
Wealth Management offers products and services consisting of fiduciary services, private banking, retirement services, investment management and advisory services, investment banking and brokerage services. This business segment also offers the sale of annuity products, as well as life, disability and long-term care insurance products.
The Finance segment includes the Corporation’s securities portfolio and asset and liability management activities. This segment is responsible for managing the Corporation’s funding, liquidity and capital needs, performing interest sensitivity analysis and executing various strategies to manage the Corporation’s exposure to liquidity, interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.
The Other category includes the income and expense impact of equity and cash, tax benefits not assigned to specific business segments, charges of an unusual or infrequent nature that are not reflective of the normal operations of the business segments and miscellaneous other expenses of a corporate nature.
For further information on the methodologies which form the basis for these results refer to Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Business segment financial results are as follows:

| Commercial Bank |  | Retail Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Finance |  | Other |  | Total
(dollar amounts in millions) |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (expense) | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | (33) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 561 |
Provision for credit losses | 8 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Noninterest income | 160 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 268 |
Noninterest expenses | 237 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | (17) |  |  | 482 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 70 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 76 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 261 |
Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets | $ | 47,451 |  |  | $ | 2,769 |  |  | $ | 4,963 |  |  | $ | 21,071 |  |  | $ | 12,556 |  |  | $ | 88,810 |
Loans | 43,171 |  |  | 2,015 |  |  | 4,832 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 50,027 |
Deposits | 43,744 |  |  | 27,145 |  |  | 5,966 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 77,589 |
Statistical data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (a) | 2.00 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | 1.52 | % |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 1.18 | %
Efficiency ratio (b) | 42.38 |  |  | 95.87 |  |  | 71.82 |  |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 58.03 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (expense) | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | (127) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 465 |
Provision for credit losses | (123) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (135) |
Noninterest income | 167 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 284 |
Noninterest expenses | 204 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 463 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 111 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (26) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 93 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | (93) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 328 |
Net credit-related (recoveries) charge-offs | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11) |
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets | $ | 44,283 |  |  | $ | 3,395 |  |  | $ | 5,063 |  |  | $ | 17,461 |  |  | $ | 17,658 |  |  | $ | 87,860 |
Loans | 42,350 |  |  | 2,533 |  |  | 4,936 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 49,828 |
Deposits | 43,682 |  |  | 25,573 |  |  | 5,103 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 75,520 |
Statistical data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (a) | 3.21 | % |  | 0.12 | % |  | 2.40 | % |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 1.50 | %
Efficiency ratio (b) | 35.99 |  |  | 98.06 |  |  | 66.85 |  |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 61.72 |

(a)Return on average assets is calculated based on the greater of average assets or average liabilities and attributed equity.
(b)Noninterest expenses as a percentage of the sum of net interest income and noninterest income excluding a derivative contract tied to the conversion rate of Visa Class B shares and changes in the value of shares obtained through monetization of warrants.
n/m – not meaningful
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

(dollar amounts in millions) | Commercial Bank |  | Retail Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Finance |  | Other |  | Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (expense) | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | (97) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 1,017 |
Provision for credit losses | (15) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (1) |
Noninterest income | 292 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 30 |  |  | (19) |  |  | 512 |
Noninterest expenses | 471 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 172 |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | 955 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 135 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (19) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 125 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | (48) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 450 |
Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets | $ | 46,173 |  |  | $ | 2,788 |  |  | $ | 4,911 |  |  | $ | 20,158 |  |  | $ | 15,944 |  |  | $ | 89,974 |
Loans | 42,364 |  |  | 2,014 |  |  | 4,773 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 49,155 |
Deposits | 44,886 |  |  | 27,004 |  |  | 5,636 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 78,342 |
Statistical data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (a) | 1.85 | % |  | (0.02) | % |  | 1.38 | % |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 1.01 | %
Efficiency ratio (b) | 44.69 |  |  | 99.59 |  |  | 74.14 |  |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 62.11 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (expense) | $ | 784 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | (244) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 908 |
Provision for credit losses | (300) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (317) |
Noninterest income | 326 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 554 |
Noninterest expenses | 419 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 910 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 224 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (51) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 191 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | (173) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 678 |
Net credit-related (recoveries) charge-offs | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8) |
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets | $ | 44,365 |  |  | $ | 3,428 |  |  | $ | 5,112 |  |  | $ | 17,212 |  |  | $ | 16,101 |  |  | $ | 86,218 |
Loans | 42,625 |  |  | 2,576 |  |  | 4,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 50,206 |
Deposits | 42,399 |  |  | 24,951 |  |  | 4,965 |  |  | 964 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 73,467 |
Statistical data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (a) | 3.38 | % |  | 0.11 | % |  | 2.55 | % |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 1.59 | %
Efficiency ratio (b) | 37.78 |  |  | 95.00 |  |  | 68.31 |  |  | n/m |  | n/m |  | 62.12 |

(a)Return on average assets is calculated based on the greater of average assets or average liabilities and attributed equity.
(b)Noninterest expenses as a percentage of the sum of net interest income and noninterest income excluding a derivative contract tied to the conversion rate of Visa Class B shares and changes in the value of shares obtained through monetization of warrants.
n/m – not meaningful
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
NOTE 14 - REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Revenue from contracts with customers comprises the noninterest income earned by the Corporation in exchange for services provided to customers. The following table presents the composition of revenue from contracts with customers, segregated from other sources of noninterest income, by business segment.

| Commercial Bank |  | Retail Bank |  | Wealth Management |  | Finance & Other |  | Total
(in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Card fees | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 69 |
Fiduciary income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 34 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Commercial loan servicing fees (a) | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Brokerage fees | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Other noninterest income (b) | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 99 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |
Other sources of noninterest income | 61 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 64 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 268 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Card fees | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84 |
Fiduciary income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 33 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Commercial loan servicing fees (a) | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Brokerage fees | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Other noninterest income (b) | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 115 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | 212 |
Other sources of noninterest income | 52 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 72 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 284 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Card fees | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 138 |
Fiduciary income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 67 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |
Commercial loan servicing fees (a) | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Brokerage fees | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Other noninterest income (b) | 4 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 195 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 144 |  |  | — |  |  | 398 |
Other sources of noninterest income | 97 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 114 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 512 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Card fees | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 155 |
Fiduciary income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 67 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |
Commercial loan servicing fees (a) | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Brokerage fees | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Other noninterest income (b) | 9 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 218 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 134 |  |  | — |  |  | 406 |
Other sources of noninterest income | 108 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 148 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 554 |

(a)Included in commercial lending fees on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Excludes derivative, warrant and other miscellaneous income.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Adjustments to revenue during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 for refunds or credits relating to prior periods were not significant.
Revenue from contracts with customers did not generate significant contract assets and liabilities.
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ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, the Corporation may make other written and oral communications from time to time that contain such statements. All statements regarding the Corporation's expected financial position, strategies and growth prospects and general economic conditions expected to exist in the future are forward-looking statements. The words, "anticipates," "believes," "contemplates," "feels," "expects," "estimates," "seeks," "strives," "plans," "intends," "outlook," "forecast," "position," "target," "mission," "assume," "achievable," "potential," "strategy," "goal," "aspiration," "opportunity," "initiative," "outcome," "continue," "remain," "maintain," "on track," "trend," "objective," "looks forward," "projects," "models," and variations of such words and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "would," "should," "could," "might," "can," "may" or similar expressions, as they relate to the Corporation or its management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are predicated on the beliefs and assumptions of the Corporation's management based on information known to the Corporation's management as of the date of this report and do not purport to speak as of any other date. Forward-looking statements may include descriptions of plans and objectives of the Corporation's management for future or past operations, products or services and forecasts of the Corporation's revenue, earnings or other measures of economic performance, including statements of profitability, business segments and subsidiaries as well as estimates of credit trends and global stability. Such statements reflect the view of the Corporation's management as of this date with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks materialize or should underlying beliefs or assumptions prove incorrect, the Corporation's actual results could differ materially from those discussed. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include credit risks (unfavorable developments concerning credit quality; declines or other changes in the businesses or industries of the Corporation's customers; and changes in customer behavior); market risks (changes in monetary and fiscal policies; fluctuations in interest rates and their impact on deposit pricing; and transitions away from LIBOR towards new interest rate benchmarks); liquidity risks (the Corporation's ability to maintain adequate sources of funding and liquidity; reductions in the Corporation's credit rating; and the interdependence of financial service companies); technology risks (cybersecurity risks and heightened legislative and regulatory focus on cybersecurity and data privacy); operational risks (operational, systems or infrastructure failures; reliance on other companies to provide certain key components of business infrastructure; the impact of legal and regulatory proceedings or determinations; losses due to fraud; and controls and procedures failures); compliance risks (changes in regulation or oversight, or changes in Comerica’s status with respect to existing regulations or oversight; the effects of stringent capital requirements; and the impacts of future legislative, administrative or judicial changes to tax regulations); strategic risks (damage to the Corporation's reputation; the Corporation's ability to utilize technology to efficiently and effectively develop, market and deliver new products and services; competitive product and pricing pressures among financial institutions within the Corporation's markets; the implementation of the Corporation's strategies and business initiatives; management's ability to maintain and expand customer relationships; management's ability to retain key officers and employees; and any future strategic acquisitions or divestitures); and other general risks (impacts from the COVID-19 global pandemic; changes in general economic, political or industry conditions; the effectiveness of methods of reducing risk exposures; the effects of catastrophic events; changes in accounting standards and the critical nature of the Corporation's accounting policies; and the volatility of the Corporation's stock price). The Corporation cautions that the foregoing list of factors is not all-inclusive. For discussion of factors that may cause actual results to differ from expectations, please refer to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. The Corporation does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect facts, circumstances, assumptions or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made. For any forward-looking statements made in this report or in any documents, the Corporation claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In accordance with Item 303(c) of Regulation S-K, the Corporation is providing a comparison of the quarter ended June 30, 2022 against the preceding sequential quarter. The Corporation believes providing a sequential discussion of its results of operations provides more relevant information for investors and stakeholders to understand and analyze the business. For additional information related to the three months ended June 30, 2021, please refer to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated June 30, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 29, 2021.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was $261 million, compared to $189 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The $72 million increase in net income was driven by higher net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by increases in provision for credit losses and noninterest expenses. The provision for income taxes increased $27 million to $76 million due mostly to higher pre-tax income. Net income per diluted common share was $1.92 and $1.37 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively, an increase of $0.55 per diluted common share.
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Analysis of Net Interest Income

| Three Months Ended |  |  |
| June 30, 2022 | March 31, 2022 |
(dollar amounts in millions) | Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate | Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate |  |  |
Commercial loans (a) (b) | $ | 29,918 |  | $ | 282 |  | 3.77 | % | $ | 28,275 |  | $ | 232 |  | 3.34 | % |  |  |
Real estate construction loans | 2,332 |  | 24 |  | 4.05 |  | 2,659 |  | 24 |  | 3.62 |  |  |  |
Commercial mortgage loans | 11,947 |  | 99 |  | 3.33 |  | 11,647 |  | 84 |  | 2.92 |  |  |  |
Lease financing | 642 |  | 4 |  | 3.01 |  | 635 |  | 5 |  | 2.89 |  |  |  |
International loans | 1,303 |  | 12 |  | 3.66 |  | 1,220 |  | 9 |  | 3.09 |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage loans | 1,773 |  | 14 |  | 3.16 |  | 1,785 |  | 11 |  | 2.51 |  |  |  |
Consumer loans | 2,112 |  | 19 |  | 3.64 |  | 2,052 |  | 18 |  | 3.47 |  |  |  |
Total loans (c) | 50,027 |  | 454 |  | 3.64 |  | 48,273 |  | 383 |  | 3.22 |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities (d) | 16,218 |  | 93 |  | 2.07 |  | 14,413 |  | 70 |  | 1.88 |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities (e) | 2,811 |  | 7 |  | 0.98 |  | 2,914 |  | 7 |  | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Total investment securities | 19,029 |  | 100 |  | 1.92 |  | 17,327 |  | 77 |  | 1.74 |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 10,861 |  | 23 |  | 0.85 |  | 17,781 |  | 9 |  | 0.19 |  |  |  |
Other short-term investments | 176 |  | — |  | 0.66 |  | 189 |  | — |  | 0.19 |  |  |  |
Total earning assets | 80,093 |  | 577 |  | 2.83 |  | 83,570 |  | 469 |  | 2.26 |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 1,421 |  |  |  | 1,446 |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (555) |  |  |  | (581) |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued income and other assets | 7,851 |  |  |  | 6,715 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 88,810 |  |  |  | $ | 91,150 |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market and interest-bearing checking deposits | $ | 29,513 |  | 3 |  | 0.05 |  | $ | 30,506 |  | 3 |  | 0.04 |  |  |  |
Savings deposits | 3,330 |  | — |  | 0.02 |  | 3,213 |  | — |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Customer certificates of deposit | 1,774 |  | 1 |  | 0.18 |  | 1,921 |  | 1 |  | 0.19 |  |  |  |
Other time deposits | 1 |  | — |  | 0.30 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |
Foreign office time deposits | 53 |  | — |  | 0.54 |  | 44 |  | — |  | 0.11 |  |  |  |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 34,671 |  | 4 |  | 0.05 |  | 35,684 |  | 4 |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 5 |  | — |  | 0.64 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 0.13 |  |  |  |
Medium- and long-term debt | 2,656 |  | 12 |  | 1.85 |  | 2,767 |  | 9 |  | 1.27 |  |  |  |
Total interest-bearing sources | 37,332 |  | 16 |  | 0.19 |  | 38,452 |  | 13 |  | 0.14 |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 42,918 |  |  |  | 43,419 |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,035 |  |  |  | 1,541 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 6,525 |  |  |  | 7,738 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 88,810 |  |  |  | $ | 91,150 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/rate spread |  | $ | 561 |  | 2.64 |  |  | $ | 456 |  | 2.12 |  |  |  |
Impact of net noninterest-bearing sources of funds |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (as a percentage of average earning assets) |  |  | 2.74 | % |  |  | 2.19 | % |  |  |

(a)Interest income on commercial loans included $25 million and $22 million of business loan swap income for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.
(b)Included Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans with average balances of $149 million and $335 million, interest income of $4 million and $5 million and average yields of 9.63% and 6.54% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.
(c)Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances reported and in the calculation of average rates.
(d)Average balances included $(1.7) billion and $(562) million of unrealized gains and losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively; yields calculated gross of these unrealized gains and losses.
(e)Average balances included $(118) million and $(57) million of unrealized gains and losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively; yields calculated gross of these unrealized gains and losses.
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Rate/Volume Analysis

| Three Months Ended |
| June 30, 2022/March 31, 2022 |
(in millions) | Increase Due to Rate |  | Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume (a) |  | Net Increase |
Interest Income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |
Investment securities | 4 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 23 |  |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 29 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 14 |  |
Total interest income | 89 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 108 |  |
Interest Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Medium- and long-term debt | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |
Total interest expense | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |
Net interest income | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 105 |  |

(a)Impact of additional days reflected as part of rate impact, rate/volume variances are allocated to variances due to volume.
Net interest income was $561 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $105 million compared to $456 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in net interest income was driven by higher short-term rates and growth in loans and investment securities. Net interest margin was 2.74 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of 55 basis points from 2.19 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily driven by higher short-term rates and a decrease of $6.9 billion in lower-yielding deposits with the Federal Reserve.
Average earning assets decreased $3.5 billion, due to the decrease in deposits with the Federal Reserve, partially offset by increases of $1.8 billion in loans and $1.7 billion in investment securities. A decrease in interest-bearing deposits drove a $1.1 billion decrease in average interest-bearing funding sources.
For further discussion of the effects of market rates on net interest income, refer to the "Market and Liquidity Risk" section of this financial review.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses, which includes the provision for loan losses and the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments, was an expense of $10 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a benefit of $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, reflecting loan growth, strong credit metrics and an uncertain economic environment. There were no net loan charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Increases in Energy and general Middle Market net recoveries were partially offset by an increase in Technology and Life Sciences net charge-offs. Provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments decreased $14 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses and a summary of nonperforming assets are presented under the "Credit Risk" subheading in the "Risk Management" section of this financial review.
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Noninterest Income

| Three Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Card fees | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 69 |
Fiduciary income | 62 |  |  | 58 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 50 |  |  | 48 |
Commercial lending fees | 30 |  |  | 22 |
Derivative income | 29 |  |  | 22 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Letter of credit fees | 9 |  |  | 9 |
Brokerage fees | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Other noninterest income (a) | 3 |  |  | (1) |
Total noninterest income | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | 244 |

(a)The table below provides further details on certain categories included in other noninterest income.
Noninterest income increased $24 million to $268 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, reflecting increases in commercial lending fees (mostly syndication agent activity), derivative income and fiduciary income. The increase in derivative income was due to favorable credit valuation adjustments and increased customer activity, while the increase in fiduciary income was driven by higher institutional trust revenue and seasonal items impacting personal trust fees. The increase in other noninterest income was due to higher principal investing and warrant-related income from market-driven valuation adjustments and increased gains on monetization, partially offset by a decrease in deferred compensation asset returns (offset in noninterest expenses).
The following table presents certain categories included in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

| Three Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Securities trading income | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Principal investing and warrant-related income | 2 |  |  | (6) |
Investment banking fees | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Deferred compensation asset returns (a) | (14) |  |  | (7) |
All other noninterest income | 12 |  |  | 8 |
Other noninterest income | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (1) |

(a) Compensation deferred by the Corporation's officers and directors is invested based on investment selections of the officers and directors. Income earned on these assets is reported in other noninterest income and the offsetting change in deferred compensation plan liabilities is reported in salaries and benefits expense.
Noninterest Expenses

| Three Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Salaries and benefits expense | $ | 294 |  |  | $ | 289 |
Outside processing fee expense | 62 |  |  | 62 |
Software expense | 41 |  |  | 39 |
Occupancy expense | 40 |  |  | 38 |
Equipment expense | 13 |  |  | 11 |
Advertising expense | 8 |  |  | 7 |
FDIC insurance expense | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Other noninterest expenses | 16 |  |  | 19 |
Total noninterest expenses | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 473 |

Noninterest expenses increased $9 million to $482 million, primarily reflecting increases in certain technology-related costs, salaries and benefits expense, litigation-related expense and occupancy expense, partially offset by a decrease in operational losses and a refund received in the second quarter related to a favorable state tax ruling (included in other noninterest expenses). Technology-related costs included consulting fees, software expense and equipment expense. Salaries and benefits expense included increases in performance-based compensation, contract labor, staff insurance and merit increases, partially offset by a decline in deferred compensation expense (offset in other noninterest income) as well as a net decrease in seasonal items. The net decrease in seasonal items included declines in annual stock-based compensation and payroll taxes, partially offset by higher 401K expense and additional salary expense from one additional day in the second quarter. The second quarter of 2022 included $7 million of expenses for asset impairments and consulting fees (reported in other noninterest
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expenses) as well as severance costs and contract labor (reported in salaries and benefits) for certain modernization initiatives related to transformation of the retail banking delivery model, alignment of corporate facilities and optimization of technology platform, compared to $6 million recorded in the first quarter 2022.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Net income decreased $228 million to $450 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $678 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease was driven by a $316 million increase in the provision for credit losses resulting from an elevated benefit recorded in first half of 2021 as the U.S. economy recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by an increase in net interest income. Net income was also impacted by lower noninterest income and higher noninterest expenses. The provision for income taxes decreased $66 million to $125 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $191 million for the same period in 2021, driven by lower pre-tax income. Net income per diluted common share decreased $1.47 to $3.29 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $4.76 for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
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Analysis of Net Interest Income

| Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2022 |  | June 30, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate |  | Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate
Commercial loans (a) (b) | $ | 29,101 |  | $ | 514 |  | 3.56 | % |  | $ | 30,502 |  | $ | 507 |  | 3.36 | %
Real estate construction loans | 2,494 |  | 48 |  | 3.82 |  |  | 4,164 |  | 69 |  | 3.34 |
Commercial mortgage loans | 11,798 |  | 183 |  | 3.13 |  |  | 10,022 |  | 142 |  | 2.86 |
Lease financing (c) | 639 |  | 9 |  | 2.95 |  |  | 585 |  | (8) |  | (2.87) |
International loans | 1,262 |  | 21 |  | 3.38 |  |  | 999 |  | 16 |  | 3.19 |
Residential mortgage loans | 1,779 |  | 25 |  | 2.83 |  |  | 1,813 |  | 28 |  | 3.11 |
Consumer loans | 2,082 |  | 37 |  | 3.55 |  |  | 2,121 |  | 36 |  | 3.39 |
Total loans (d) | 49,155 |  | 837 |  | 3.43 |  |  | 50,206 |  | 790 |  | 3.17 |
Mortgage-backed securities (e) | 15,321 |  | 163 |  | 1.99 |  |  | 10,657 |  | 105 |  | 1.98 |
U.S. Treasury securities (f) | 2,862 |  | 14 |  | 0.99 |  |  | 4,493 |  | 34 |  | 1.56 |
Total investment securities | 18,183 |  | 177 |  | 1.83 |  |  | 15,150 |  | 139 |  | 1.86 |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 14,302 |  | 32 |  | 0.44 |  |  | 14,507 |  | 9 |  | 0.11 |
Other short-term investments | 182 |  | — |  | 0.42 |  |  | 173 |  | — |  | 0.24 |
Total earning assets | 81,822 |  | 1,046 |  | 2.54 |  |  | 80,036 |  | 938 |  | 2.36 |
Cash and due from banks | 1,434 |  |  |  |  | 976 |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (568) |  |  |  |  | (835) |  |  |
Accrued income and other assets | 7,286 |  |  |  |  | 6,041 |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 89,974 |  |  |  |  | $ | 86,218 |  |  |
Money market and interest-bearing checking deposits | $ | 30,008 |  | 6 |  | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 29,505 |  | 10 |  | 0.07 |
Savings deposits | 3,272 |  | — |  | 0.02 |  |  | 2,911 |  | — |  | 0.02 |
Customer certificates of deposit | 1,847 |  | 2 |  | 0.18 |  |  | 2,141 |  | 2 |  | 0.23 |
Foreign office time deposits | 48 |  | — |  | 0.34 |  |  | 52 |  | — |  | 0.09 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 35,175 |  | 8 |  | 0.05 |  |  | 34,609 |  | 12 |  | 0.07 |
Short-term borrowings | 3 |  | — |  | 0.56 |  |  | 2 |  | — |  | 0.05 |
Medium- and long-term debt | 2,711 |  | 21 |  | 1.55 |  |  | 3,232 |  | 18 |  | 1.07 |
Total interest-bearing sources | 37,889 |  | 29 |  | 0.16 |  |  | 37,843 |  | 30 |  | 0.15 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 43,167 |  |  |  |  | 38,858 |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1,790 |  |  |  |  | 1,469 |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 7,128 |  |  |  |  | 8,048 |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 89,974 |  |  |  |  | $ | 86,218 |  |  |
Net interest income/rate spread |  | $ | 1,017 |  | 2.38 |  |  |  | $ | 908 |  | 2.21 |
Impact of net noninterest-bearing sources of funds |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  |  | 0.08 |
Net interest margin (as a percentage of average earning assets) |  |  | 2.47 | % |  |  |  | 2.29 | %

(a)Interest income on commercial loans included $47 million and $48 million of business loan swap income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(b)Included PPP loans with average balances of $242 million and $3.5 billion, interest income of $9 million and $62 million and average yields of 7.50% and 3.57% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(c)The six months ended June 30, 2021 included residual value adjustments totaling $17 million, which impacted the average yield on loans by 7 basis points.
(d)Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances reported and in the calculation of average rates.
(e)Average balances included $(1.1) billion and $124 million of unrealized gains and losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively; yields calculated gross of these unrealized gains and losses.
(f)Average balances included $(88) million and $45 million of unrealized gains and losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively; yields calculated gross of these unrealized gains and losses.
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Rate/Volume Analysis

| Six Months Ended |
| June 30, 2022/June 30, 2021 |
(in millions) | Increase (Decrease) Due to Rate |  | (Decrease) Increase Due to Volume (a) |  | Net Increase (Decrease) |
Interest Income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | 47 |  |
Investment securities | (17) |  |  | 55 |  |  | 38 |  |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |
Total interest income | 74 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 108 |  |
Interest Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |
Medium- and long-term debt | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |
Total interest expense | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |
Net interest income | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |

(a)Impact of additional days reflected as part of rate impact, rate/volume variances are allocated to variances due to volume.
Net interest income was $1.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $109 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase in net interest income reflected higher short-term rates and growth in earning assets, partially offset by the net impact of PPP loans and reinvestment in lower-yielding securities. Net interest margin was 2.47 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of 18 basis points compared to 2.29 percent for the comparable period in 2021. The increase in net interest margin was primarily driven by higher short-term rates.
Average earning assets increased $1.8 billion, due to an increase of $3.0 billion in investment securities, partially offset by a $1.1 billion decrease in loans. Average interest-bearing funding sources increased $46 million, reflecting a $566 million increase in interest-bearing deposits, which was partially offset by a $521 million decrease in medium- and long-term debt.
For further discussion of the effects of market rates on net interest income, refer to the "Market and Liquidity Risk" section of this financial review.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a benefit of $317 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which primarily reflected an elevated benefit recorded in the first half of 2021 as the U.S. economy began to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Net loan charge-offs increased $16 million to $8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to net recoveries of $8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, largely driven by increases of $18 million in Energy and $8 million in Technology and Life Sciences, partially offset by a decrease of $6 million in Corporate Banking. Provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments increased $29 million to $16 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses and nonperforming assets is presented under the "Credit Risk" subheading in the "Risk Management" section of this financial review.
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Noninterest Income

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021
Card fees | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 155 |
Fiduciary income | 120 |  |  | 113 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 98 |  |  | 95 |
Commercial lending fees | 52 |  |  | 45 |
Derivative income | 51 |  |  | 52 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 25 |  |  | 20 |
Letter of credit fees | 18 |  |  | 20 |
Brokerage fees | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Other noninterest income (a) | 2 |  |  | 46 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 554 |

(a)The table below provides further details on certain categories included in other noninterest income.
Noninterest income decreased $42 million to $512 million, driven by a decrease in card fees, partially offset by increases in fiduciary income an d syndication agent fees (a component of commercial lending fees). Th e decrease in card fees reflected elevated activity from stimulus payments during the first half of 2021, while the increase in fiduciary income was driven by higher personal trust fees. The decrease in other noninterest income was driven by declines in deferred compensation asset returns (offset in noninterest expense) and warrant-related income mostly due to elevated gains on monetization in the 2021 period.
The following table presents certain categories included in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021
Securities trading income | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Investment banking fees | 2 |  |  | 6 |
Principal investing and warrant-related income (a) | (4) |  |  | 9 |
Deferred compensation asset returns (b) | (21) |  |  | 9 |
All other noninterest income | 20 |  |  | 19 |
Other noninterest income | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 46 |

(a) Includes changes in value of shares obtained through monetization of warrants, previously reported in securities trading income.
(b) Compensation deferred by the Corporation's officers and directors is invested based on investment selections of the officers and directors. Income earned on these assets is reported in other noninterest income and the offsetting change in deferred compensation plan liabilities is reported in salaries and benefits expense.
Noninterest Expenses

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021
Salaries and benefits expense | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 559 |
Outside processing fee expense | 124 |  |  | 135 |
Software expense | 80 |  |  | 77 |
Occupancy expense | 78 |  |  | 77 |
Equipment expense | 24 |  |  | 25 |
Advertising expense | 15 |  |  | 15 |
FDIC insurance expense | 16 |  |  | 13 |
Other noninterest expenses | 35 |  |  | 9 |
Total noninterest expenses | $ | 955 |  |  | $ | 910 |

Noninterest expenses increased $45 million to $955 million, due to increases in salaries and benefits expense, operational losses and consulting fees, partially offset by a decrease in outside processing fee expense. The increase in salaries and benefits expense was driven by higher performance-related compensation, the impact of annual merit increases, severance payments and technology-related contract labor, partially offset by lower deferred compensation expense (offset in other noninterest income). The decrease in outside processing fee expense was driven by lower volumes of government card transactions (tied to card fee revenue). The six months ended June 30, 2022 included $13 million for asset impairments and consulting fees (reported in other noninterest expenses) as well as severance costs and contract labor (reported in salaries and benefits) for certain modernization initiatives related to transformation of the retail banking delivery model, alignment of corporate facilities and optimization of technology platform.
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STRATEGIC LINES OF BUSINESS
The Corporation has strategically aligned its operations into three major business segments: the Commercial Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth Management. These business segments are differentiated based on the type of customer and the related products and services provided. In addition to the three major business segments, the Finance Division is also reported as a segment. The Other category includes items not directly associated with the business segments or the Finance segment. The performance of the business segments is not comparable with the Corporation's consolidated results and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities. Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements describes the business activities of each business segment and presents financial results of the business segments for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
The Corporation's management accounting system assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each segment using certain methodologies, which are regularly reviewed and refined. These methodologies may be modified as the management accounting system is enhanced and changes occur in the organizational structure and/or product lines. Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report describes the Corporation's segment reporting methodology.
Net interest income for each segment reflects the interest income generated by earning assets less interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities plus the net impact from associated internal funds transfer pricing (FTP). The FTP methodology allocates credits to each business segment for deposits and other funds provided as well as charges for loans and other assets being funded. FTP crediting rates on deposits and other funds provided reflect the long-term value of deposits and other funding sources based on their implied maturities. Due to the longer-term nature of implied maturities, FTP crediting rates are generally less volatile than changes in interest rates observed in the market. FTP charge rates for funding loans and other assets reflect a matched cost of funds based on the pricing and duration characteristics of the assets. As a result of applying matched funding, interest revenue for each segment resulting from loans and other assets is generally not impacted by changes in interest rates. Therefore, net interest income for each segment primarily reflects the volume of loans and other earning assets at the spread over the matched cost of funds, as well as the volume of deposits at the associated FTP crediting rates. Generally, in periods of rising interest rates, FTP charge rates for funding loans and FTP crediting rates on deposits will increase, with FTP crediting rates for deposits typically repricing at a slower pace than FTP charge rates for funding loans.
Business Segments
The following sections present a summary of the performance of each of the Corporation's business segments for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year.
Commercial Bank

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Percent Change
(dollar amounts in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 784 |  |  | $ | (29) |  |  | (4) | %
Provision for credit losses | (15) |  |  | (300) |  |  | 285 |  |  | (95)
Noninterest income | 292 |  |  | 326 |  |  | (34) |  |  | (10) |
Noninterest expenses | 471 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 12 |
Provision for income taxes | 135 |  |  | 224 |  |  | (89) |  |  | (40)
Net income | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | (41)%
Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | n/m
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (a) | $ | 42,364 |  |  | $ | 42,625 |  |  | $ | (261) |  |  | (1) | %
Deposits | 44,886 |  |  | 42,399 |  |  | 2,487 |  |  | 6 |

(a)Included PPP loans with average balances of $171 million and $2.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
n/m - not meaningful
Average loans decreased $261 million, driven by a $2.5 billion decline in PPP loans. Excluding the impact of PPP loans, average loans increased $2.3 billion. Average deposits increased $2.5 billion, reflecting an increase in noninterest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a decline in interest-bearing deposits. The Commercial Bank's net income decreased $311 million. Net interest income decreased $29 million due to an increase in allocated net FTP charges and the net impact of PPP loans, partially offset by an increase in loan income. The provision for credit losses increased $285 million, reflecting increases in Energy, general Middle Market, Commercial Real Estate, Business Banking and Technology and Life Sciences. Net credit-related charge-offs increased $21 million to $11 million, primarily due to increases in Energy and Technology and Life
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Sciences, partially offset by net recoveries in Corporate Banking and Business Banking. Noninterest income decreased $34 million, driven by a decrease in card fees due to higher activity in 2021 from stimulus payments, as well as lower principal investing and warrant-related income, derivative income and investment banking fees, partially offset by an increase in commercial lending fees. Noninterest expenses increased $52 million, primarily reflecting increases in corporate overhead, salaries and benefits expense, litigation-related expenses and operational losses, partially offset by a decrease in outside processing fee expense.
Retail Bank

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Percent Change
(dollar amounts in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | — | %
Provision for credit losses | 5 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 6 |  |  | n/m
Noninterest income | 60 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Noninterest expenses | 337 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 5 |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (3) |  |  | n/m
Net (loss) income | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (17) |  |  | n/m
Net credit-related (recoveries) charge-offs | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | n/m
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (a) | $ | 2,014 |  |  | $ | 2,576 |  |  | $ | (562) |  |  | (22 | %)
Deposits | 27,004 |  |  | 24,951 |  |  | 2,053 |  |  | 8 |

(a)Included PPP loans with average balances of $49 million and $625 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
n/m - not meaningful
Average loans decreased $562 million due to a $576 million decline in PPP loans. Average deposits increased $2.1 billion, reflecting increases in all deposit categories with the exception of time deposits. The Retail Bank's net income decreased $17 million to a net loss of $3 million, including a $6 million increase in the provision for credit losses. Net interest income and noninterest income were relatively stable, while noninterest expenses increased $15 million, primarily due to increases in corporate overhead and operational losses, partially offset by a decrease in litigation-related expenses.
Wealth Management

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Percent Change
(dollar amounts in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | (2) | %
Provision for credit losses | 6 |  |  | (16) |  |  | 22 |  |  | n/m
Noninterest income | 149 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 8 |
Noninterest expenses | 172 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 13 |
Provision for income taxes | 13 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (34) |
Net income | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | (26) |  |  | (39) |
Net credit-related recoveries | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | n/m
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (a) | $ | 4,773 |  |  | $ | 4,998 |  |  | $ | (225) |  |  | (4) | %
Deposits | 5,636 |  |  | 4,965 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 14 |

(a)Included PPP loans with average balances of $22 million and $188 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
n/m - not meaningful
Average loans decreased $225 million to $4.8 billion, while average deposits increased $671 million, reflecting increases in all deposit categories with the exception of savings deposits. Wealth Management's net income decreased $26 million to $41 million. Net interest income decreased $2 million, while provision for credit losses increased $22 million to an expense of $6 million due to an increase in Private Banking. Noninterest income increased $11 million due to increases in fiduciary income and securities trading income. Noninterest expenses increased $19 million, primarily reflecting increases in salaries and benefits expense and corporate overhead.
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Finance & Other

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Percent Change
(dollar amounts in millions) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |
Earnings summary: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest expense | $ | (98) |  | $ | (239) |  | $ | 141 |  | (59)%
Provision for credit losses | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |  | n/m
Noninterest income | 11 |  | 32 |  | (21) |  | (68)
Noninterest expenses | (25) |  | 16 |  | (41) |  | n/m
Benefit for income taxes | (21) |  | (53) |  | 32 |  | (61)
Net loss | $ | (44) |  | $ | (170) |  | $ | 126 |  | (75)%
Selected average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 4 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | (3) |  | (45%)
Deposits | 816 |  | 1,152 |  | (336) |  | (29)

n/m - not meaningful
Average deposits, which primarily consist of brokered and reciprocal deposits, decreased $336 million. Net loss for the Finance and Other category decreased $126 million to $44 million. Net interest expense decreased $141 million to $98 million, primarily reflecting an increase in net FTP revenue as a result of higher rates charged to the business segments under the Corporation's internal FTP methodology. Noninterest income decreased $21 million to $11 million, driven by a decrease in securities trading income, partially offset by increases in bank-owned life insurance and derivative income. Noninterest expenses decreased $41 million, primarily reflecting an increase in corporate overhead allocated to other lines of business.
The following table lists the Corporation's banking centers by geographic market.

| June 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Michigan | 188 |  | 188 |
Texas | 124 |  |  | 123 |
California | 95 |  |  | 95 |
Other Markets | 26 |  |  | 25 |
Total | 433 |  |  | 431 |

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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Second Quarter 2022 Compared to Fourth Quarter 2021
Period-End Balances
Total assets decreased $7.7 billion to $86.9 billion driven by a $15.5 billion decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks (primarily deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank) which declined from the elevated levels seen at December 31, 2021 and was partially offset by increases of $3.8 billion in investment securities due to deployment of excess liquidity and $2.2 billion in loans. The increase in loans included growth of $735 million in general Middle Market, $654 million in National Dealer Services and $525 million in Corporate Banking, partially offset by a $548 million decrease in Mortgage Banker Finance.
Total liabilities decreased $6.3 billion to $80.5 billion, reflecting decreases of $3.5 billion and $3.1 billion in noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits, respectively. Commercial Bank and Retail Bank deposits declined, partially offset by an increase in Wealth Management deposits, reflecting strategic deposit management as well as customers utilizing balances to fund business activities. Total shareholders' equity decreased $1.5 billion, primarily due to the net impact of valuation changes in investment securities.
Average Balances
Total assets decreased $7.9 billion to $88.8 billion driven by a $14.4 billion decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks, which was partially offset by increases of $2.4 billion in investment securities and $2.2 billion in loans. The following table provides information about the change in the Corporation's average loan portfolio by loan type.

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Percent Change
(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | Change |
Commercial loans (a) | $ | 29,918 |  |  | $ | 27,925 |  |  | $ | 1,993 |  |  | 7 | %
Real estate construction loans | 2,332 |  |  | 2,968 |  |  | (636) |  |  | (21) |
Commercial mortgage loans | 11,947 |  |  | 11,212 |  |  | 735 |  |  | 7 |
Lease financing | 642 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |
International loans | 1,303 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 11 |
Residential mortgage loans | 1,773 |  |  | 1,810 |  |  | (37) |  |  | (2) |
Consumer loans | 2,112 |  |  | 2,099 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1 |
Total loans | $ | 50,027 |  |  | $ | 47,825 |  |  | $ | 2,202 |  |  | 5 | %

(a)Included PPP loans of $149 million and $689 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
The $2.2 billion increase in loans, which included a $540 million decline in PPP loans, was primarily driven by increases of $818 million in general Middle Market, $748 million in Corporate Banking, $661 million in Equity Fund Services and $600 million in National Dealer Services, which was partially offset by a $725 million decrease in Mortgage Banker Finance.
Total liabilities decreased $6.6 billion to $82.3 billion, primarily reflecting decreases of $3.9 billion and $3.1 billion in interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits, respectively. Commercial Bank deposits declined while deposits increased in Retail Bank and Wealth Management. Total shareholders' equity decreased $1.3 billion, primarily due to the net impact of valuation changes in investment securities.
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Capital
The following table presents a summary of changes in total shareholders' equity for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(in millions) |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2022 |  |  | $ | 7,897 |
Net income |  |  | 450 |
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | (178) |
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock |  |  | (11) |
Purchase of common stock |  |  | (36) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | (1,396) |  |  |
Cash flow hedges | (348) |  |  |
Defined benefit and other postretirement plans | 2 |  |  |
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | (1,742) |
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans |  |  | 16 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 39 |
Balance at June 30, 2022 |  |  | $ | 6,435 |

The following table summarizes the Corporation's repurchase activity during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(shares in thousands) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Repurchase Plans or Programs |  | Remaining Share Repurchase Authorization (a) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (b) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  |
Total first quarter 2022 | 377 |  |  | 4,997 |  |  | 399 |  |  | $ | 92.58 |  |  |
April 2022 | — |  |  | 4,997 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 90.85 |  |  |
May 2022 | — |  |  | 4,997 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
June 2022 | — |  |  | 4,997 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 73.86 |  |  |
Total second quarter 2022 | — |  |  | 4,997 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 82.52 |  |  |

(a)Maximum number of shares that may be repurchased under the publicly announced plans or programs.
(b)Includes approximately 26,000 shares purchased pursuant to deferred compensation plans and shares purchased from employees to pay for taxes related to restricted stock vesting under the terms of an employee share-based compensation plan during the six months ended June 30, 2022. These transactions are not considered part of the Corporation's repurchase program.
The Corporation continues to target a Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio of approximately 10 percent with active capital management. At June 30, 2022, the Corporation's estimated CET1 capital ratio was 9.72 percent, down from 10.13 percent at December 31, 2021, primarily due to loan growth. The Corporation expects to accrete capital closer to the target CET1 ratio through earnings generation in the current environment. Since the inception of the share repurchase program in 2010, a total of 97.2 million shares have been authorized for repurchase. There is no expiration date for the share repurchase program. The timing and actual amount of share repurchases are subject to various factors, including the Corporation's earnings generation, capital needs to fund future loan growth and market conditions.
The following table presents the minimum ratios required.

Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 4.5 | % |  |  |  |
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 6.0 |  |  |  |  |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | 8.0 |  |  |  |  |
Capital conservation buffer (a) | 2.5 |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets (leverage ratio) | 4.0 |  |  |  |  |

(a)In addition to the minimum risk-based capital requirements, the Corporation is required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer, in the form of common equity, in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses.
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The Corporation's capital ratios exceeded minimum regulatory requirements as follows:

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Capital/Assets |  | Ratio |  | Capital/Assets |  | Ratio
Common equity tier 1 (a), (b) | $ | 7,348 |  |  | 9.72 | % |  | $ | 7,064 |  |  | 10.13 | %
Tier 1 risk-based (a), (b) | 7,742 |  |  | 10.24 |  |  | 7,458 |  |  | 10.70 |
Total risk-based (a) | 8,882 |  |  | 11.75 |  |  | 8,608 |  |  | 12.35 |
Leverage (a) | 7,742 |  |  | 8.63 |  |  | 7,458 |  |  | 7.74 |
Common shareholders' equity | 6,041 |  |  | 6.95 |  |  | 7,503 |  |  | 7.93 |
Tangible common equity (b) | 5,396 |  |  | 6.26 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | 7.30 |
Risk-weighted assets (a) | 75,584 |  |  |  |  | 69,708 |  |  |

(a) June 30, 2022 capital, risk-weighted assets and ratios are estimated.
(b) See Supplemental Financial Data section for reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures and regulatory ratios.
The common shareholders' equity ratio decreased 98 basis points to 6.95 percent at June 30, 2022 primarily due to the change in unrealized losses in the Corporation's securities portfolio and, to a lesser extent, its cash flow hedge portfolio. The unrealized losses in the Corporation's available-for-sale security portfolio are due to market valuations since the time of initial acquisition which, in substantially all cases, are not expected to be realized. The tangible common equity ratio, which excludes goodwill and other intangible assets, decreased 104 basis points to 6.26 percent for the same reasons. The impact of cumulative unrealized losses recorded within other comprehensive loss at June 30, 2022 to both ratios was approximately 225 basis points.
RISK MANAGEMENT
The following updated information should be read in conjunction with the "Risk Management" section on pages F-17 through F-33 in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report.
Credit Risk
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses includes both the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses decreased $9 million from $618 million at December 31, 2021 to $609 million at June 30, 2022. As a percentage of total loans, the allowance for credit losses was 1.18 percent at June 30, 2022, compared to 1.26 percent at December 31, 2021. The allowance for credit losses covered 2.3 times total nonperforming loans at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
The economic forecasts informing the current expected credit loss (CECL) model primarily reflected strong credit quality and strengthening of the labor markets in the first half of 2022. Excess savings and pent-up demand from consumers, as well as robust labor markets, have supported growth in the broader U.S. economy. However, there are increasing downside risks from the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, China's lockdowns and supply chain issues, the slowing housing market, future monetary and fiscal policy actions and inflationary pressures.
These factors shaped the 2-year reasonable and supportable forecasts used by the Corporation in its CECL estimate at June 30, 2022. The U.S. economy is expected to continue to grow, with the pace of expansion declining in 2023 before returning to long-term growth rates in 2024. Certain economic variables, like oil prices, are expected to normalize over the forecast period while others, like the unemployment rate, are projected to remain at current levels. Interest rates are forecasted to increase, reflecting the Federal Reserve's expectations, while corporate bond spreads are expected to reflect normalized default risk. The following table summarizes select economic variables representative of the economic forecasts used to develop the allowance for credit losses estimate at June 30, 2022.

Economic Variable | Base Forecast
Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth | Growth above 3.5 percent in third quarter 2022, subsequently declining to under 1 percent by second quarter 2023 before returning to a long-term growth rate by first quarter 2024.
Unemployment rate | Stable between 3.5 percent and 3.6 percent throughout forecast period.
Corporate BBB bond to 10-year Treasury bond spreads | Reflect a normalized level of default risk.
Oil Prices | Prices steadily decline from current levels to below $75 per barrel by the end of the forecast period.

Due to the high level of uncertainty regarding significant assumptions, the Corporation evaluated a range of economic scenarios, including more benign and more severe economic forecasts. In a more severe scenario, real GDP is expected to contract through third quarter 2023, subsequently improving to a growth rate of 1.6 percent by the end of the forecast period.
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Other key economic variables follow a similar pattern of short-term contractions followed by a recovery. Selecting the more severe forecast would result in an increase in the quantitative calculation of allowance for credit losses by approximately $182 million as of June 30, 2022. However, factoring in model overlays and qualitative adjustments could result in a materially different estimate under a more severe scenario.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimates of current expected credit losses in the Corporation’s loan portfolio. Pools of loans with similar risk characteristics are collectively evaluated, while loans that no longer share risk characteristics with loan pools are evaluated individually.
Collective loss estimates are determined by applying reserve factors, designed to estimate current expected credit losses, to amortized cost balances over the remaining contractual life of the collectively evaluated portfolio. Loans with similar risk characteristics are aggregated into homogeneous pools. The allowance for loan losses also includes qualitative adjustments to bring the allowance to the level management believes is appropriate based on factors that have not otherwise been fully accounted for, including adjustments for foresight risk, input imprecisions and model imprecision. Credit losses for loans that no longer share risk characteristics with the loan pools are estimated on an individual basis. Individual credit loss estimates are typically performed for nonaccrual loans and modified loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and are based on one of several methods, including the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, observable market value of similar debt or the present value of expected cash flows.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Lending-Related Commitments
The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments estimates current expected credit losses on collective pools of letters of credit and unused commitments to extend credit based on reserve factors, determined in a manner similar to business loans, multiplied by a probability of draw estimate based on historical experience and credit risk, applied to commitment amounts. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments increased $16 million to $46 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $30 million at December 31, 2021.
The following table presents metrics of the allowance for credit losses and nonperforming loans.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans | 1.18 | % |  | 1.26 | %
Allowance for credit losses as a multiple of total nonaccrual loans | 2.3x |  | 2.3x
Allowance for credit losses as a multiple of total nonperforming loans | 2.3x |  | 2.3x

For additional information regarding the allowance for credit losses, refer to the "Critical Accounting Estimates" section and pages F-51 through F-52 in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include loans on nonaccrual status, TDRs which have been renegotiated to less than the original contractual rates (reduced-rate loans) and foreclosed assets. TDRs include performing and nonperforming loans, with nonperforming TDRs on either nonaccrual or reduced-rate status. In accordance with the provisions of the CARES Act, the Corporation elected not to consider qualifying COVID-19-related modifications, primarily deferrals, as TDRs and did not designate such loans as past due or nonaccrual at December 31, 2021. The temporary relief provided under the CARES Act applied to modifications made from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic through December 31, 2021. For additional information regarding the Corporation's accounting policies for the CARES Act, refer to page F-50 in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report.
The following table presents a summary of nonperforming assets and past due loans.

(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Nonaccrual loans | 262 |  |  | 264 |
Reduced-rate loans | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Total nonperforming loans | 265 |  |  | 268 |
Foreclosed property | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans | 0.51 | % |  | 0.54 | %
Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans | 0.52 |  |  | 0.54 |
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans and foreclosed property | 0.52 |  |  | 0.55 |
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 27 |

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Nonperforming assets decreased $3 million to $266 million at June 30, 2022, from $269 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease in nonperforming assets was primarily due to a decrease of $17 million in nonaccrual business loans, partially offset by a $15 million increase in nonaccrual retail loans, as temporary legislative relief for COVID-19-related deferrals ended on December 31, 2021. Nonperforming loans were 0.52 percent of total loans at June 30, 2022, compared to 0.54 percent at December 31, 2021. For further information regarding the composition of nonaccrual loans, refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.
The following table presents a summary of changes in nonaccrual loans.

| Three Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 291 |
Loans transferred to nonaccrual (a) | 30 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 15 |
Nonaccrual loan gross charge-offs | (13) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (20) |
Loans transferred to accrual status (a) | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual loans sold | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments/other (b) | (15) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (22) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 264 |

(a)Based on an analysis of nonaccrual loans with book balances greater than $2 million.
(b)Includes net changes related to nonaccrual loans with balances less than or equal to $2 million, payments on nonaccrual loans with book balances greater than $2 million and transfers of nonaccrual loans to foreclosed property.
There were three borrowers with a balance greater than $2 million, totaling $30 million, transferred to nonaccrual status in second quarter 2022, compared to ten borrowers totaling $41 million in first quarter 2022 and three borrowers totaling $15 million in fourth quarter 2021. For further information about the composition of loans transferred to nonaccrual during the current period, refer to the nonaccrual information by industry category table below.
The following table presents the composition of nonaccrual loans by balance and the related number of borrowers at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Number of Borrowers |  | Balance |  | Number of Borrowers |  | Balance
Under $2 million | 518 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | 580 |  |  | $ | 63 |
$2 million - $5 million | 10 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 46 |
$5 million - $10 million | 9 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 54 |
$10 million - $25 million | 6 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 69 |
Greater than $25 million | 1 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 32 |
Total | 544 |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | 607 |  |  | $ | 264 |

The following table presents a summary of nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2022 as well as loans transferred to nonaccrual and net loan charge-offs (recoveries) for the three months ended June 30, 2022, based on North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) categories.
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(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
Nonaccrual Loans |  | Loans Transferred to Nonaccrual (a) |  | Net Loan Charge-Offs (Recoveries) |  |
Industry Category |  |  |  |
Manufacturing | $ | 57 |  |  | 22 | % |  | $ | 30 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 12 |  |
Residential Mortgage | 49 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Transportation & Warehousing | 28 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |
Real Estate & Home Builders | 24 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Wholesale Trade | 24 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Services | 17 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |
Information & Communication | 11 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Mining, Quarrying and Oil & Gas Extraction | 11 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |
Health Care & Social Assistance | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Management of Companies and Enterprises | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Other (b) | 18 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |
Total | $ | 262 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 30 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | — |  |

(a)Based on an analysis of nonaccrual loans with book balances greater than $2 million.
(b)Consumer, excluding residential mortgage and certain personal purpose nonaccrual loans and net charge-offs, are included in the Other category.
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest generally represent loans that are well-collateralized and in the process of collection. Loans past due 90 days or more decreased $15 million to $12 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $27 million at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 30-89 days increased $55 million to $208 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $153 million at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 30 days or more and still accruing interest as a percentage of total loans were 0.43 percent and 0.36 percent at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. An aging analysis of loans included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements provides further information about the balances comprising past due loans.
The following table presents a summary of total criticized loans. The Corporation's criticized list is consistent with the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful categories defined by regulatory authorities. Criticized loans with balances of $2 million or more on nonaccrual status or loans with balances of $1 million or more whose terms have been modified in a TDR are individually subjected to quarterly credit quality reviews, and the Corporation may establish specific allowances for such loans. A table of loans by credit quality indicator included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements provides further information about the balances comprising total criticized loans.

(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Total criticized loans | $ | 1,534 |  |  | $ | 1,647 |  |  | $ | 1,573 |
As a percentage of total loans | 3.0 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  | 3.2 | %

The $39 million decrease in criticized loans during the six months ended June 30, 2022 included decreases of $70 million in Entertainment Lending, $62 million in Business Banking, $28 million in Energy and $21 million in Corporate Banking, partially offset by increases of $69 million in Technology and Life Sciences, $54 million in general Middle Market and $34 million in Environmental Services.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk may exist when a number of borrowers are engaged in similar activities, or activities in the same geographic region, and have similar economic characteristics that would cause them to be similarly impacted by changes in economic or other conditions. The Corporation has concentrations of credit risk with the commercial real estate and automotive industries. All other industry concentrations, as defined by management, individually represented less than 10 percent of total loans at June 30, 2022.
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Commercial Real Estate Lending
At June 30, 2022, the Corporation's commercial real estate portfolio represented 28 percent of total loans. The following table summarizes the Corporation's commercial real estate loan portfolio by loan category.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(in millions) | Commercial Real Estate business line (a) |  | Other (b) |  | Total |  | Commercial Real Estate business line (a) |  | Other (b) |  | Total |
Real estate construction loans | $ | 1,949 |  |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | 2,465 |  |  | $ | 2,391 |  |  | $ | 557 |  |  | $ | 2,948 |  |
Commercial mortgage loans | 3,647 |  |  | 8,208 |  |  | 11,855 |  |  | 3,338 |  |  | 7,917 |  |  | 11,255 |  |
Total commercial real estate | $ | 5,596 |  |  | $ | 8,724 |  |  | $ | 14,320 |  |  | $ | 5,729 |  |  | $ | 8,474 |  |  | $ | 14,203 |  |

(a)Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(b)Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
The Corporation limits risk inherent in its commercial real estate lending activities by monitoring borrowers directly involved in the commercial real estate markets and adhering to conservative policies on loan-to-value ratios for such loans. Commercial real estate loans, consisting of real estate construction and commercial mortgage loans, totaled $14.3 billion at June 30, 2022. Of the total, $5.6 billion, or 39 percent, were to borrowers in the Commercial Real Estate business line, which includes loans to real estate developers, a decrease of $133 million compared to December 31, 2021. Commercial real estate loans in other business lines totaled $8.7 billion, or 61 percent, at June 30, 2022, an increase of $250 million compared to December 31, 2021. These loans consisted primarily of owner-occupied commercial mortgages, which bear credit characteristics similar to non-commercial real estate business loans. Generally, loans previously reported as real estate construction are classified as commercial mortgage loans upon receipt of a certificate of occupancy.
The real estate construction loan portfolio primarily contains loans made to long-tenured customers with satisfactory completion experience. There were no criticized real estate construction loans in the Commercial Real Estate business line at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. In other business lines, criticized real estate construction loans totaled $4 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $35 million at December 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes net charge-offs related to the Corporation's commercial real estate loan portfolio.

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 | March 31, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 | June 30, 2021
Real estate construction loan charge-offs | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |

Commercial mortgage loans are loans where the primary collateral is a lien on any real property and are primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate. Real property is generally considered primary collateral if the value of that collateral represents more than 50 percent of the commitment at loan approval. Loans in the commercial mortgage portfolio generally mature within three to five years. Criticized commercial mortgage loans in the Commercial Real Estate business line totaled $18 million and $29 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. In other business lines, $194 million and $219 million of commercial mortgage loans were criticized at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. There were no commercial mortgage loan net charge-offs during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, or in the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Automotive Lending - Dealer
The following table presents a summary of dealer loans.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(in millions) | Loans Outstanding |  | Percent of Total Loans |  | Loans Outstanding |  | Percent of Total Loans
Dealer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floor plan | $ | 1,144 |  |  |  |  | $ | 681 |  |  |
Other | 3,672 |  |  |  |  | 3,481 |  |  |
Total dealer | $ | 4,816 |  |  | 9.4 | % |  | $ | 4,162 |  |  | 8.4 | %

Substantially all dealer loans are in the National Dealer Services business line and primarily include floor plan financing and other loans to automotive dealerships. Floor plan loans, included in commercial loans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $1.1 billion at June 30, 2022, an increase of $463 million compared to $681 million at December 31, 2021, as an imbalance in supply and demand impacted by a shortage in microchips used in automotive production continues to depress floor plan loan balances. Other loans to automotive dealers in the National Dealer Services business line totaled $3.7
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billion, including $2.1 billion of owner-occupied commercial real estate mortgage loans at June 30, 2022 and $2.0 billion at December 31, 2021, respectively.
There were no nonaccrual dealer loans at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Additionally, there were no net charge-offs of dealer loans during three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, or in the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Automotive Lending- Production
The following table presents a summary of loans to borrowers involved with automotive production.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(in millions) | Loans Outstanding |  | Percent of Total Loans |  | Loans Outstanding (a) |  | Percent of Total Loans
Production: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 836 |  |  |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  |
Foreign | 346 |  |  |  |  | 323 |  |  |
Total production | $ | 1,182 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | $ | 1,112 |  |  | 2.3 | %

(a)Excludes PPP loans.
Loans to borrowers involved with automotive production, primarily Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers, totaled $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These borrowers have faced, and could face in the future, financial difficulties due to disruptions in auto production as well as their supply chains and logistics operations. As such, management continues to monitor this portfolio.
Nonaccrual loans to borrowers involved with automotive production totaled $10 million at June 30, 2022 compared to none at December 31, 2021. There were no automotive production loan net charge-offs during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022. Additionally, there were no loan net charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $1 million for the same period in 2021.
Residential Real Estate Lending
At June 30, 2022, residential real estate loans represented 7 percent of total loans. The following table summarizes the Corporation's residential mortgage and home equity loan portfolios by geographic market.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Residential Mortgage Loans |  | % of Total |  | Home Equity Loans |  | % of Total |  | Residential Mortgage Loans |  | % of Total |  | Home Equity Loans |  | % of Total
Geographic market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Michigan | $ | 437 |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 476 |  |  | 29 | % |  | $ | 434 |  |  | 24 | % |  | $ | 484 |  |  | 32 | %
California | 852 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 660 |  |  | 43 |
Texas | 263 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 21 |
Other Markets | 201 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 4 |
Total | $ | 1,753 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,632 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,771 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,533 |  |  | 100 | %

Residential real estate loans, which consist of traditional residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines of credit, totaled $3.4 billion at June 30, 2022. The residential real estate portfolio is principally located within the Corporation's primary geographic markets. Substantially all residential real estate loans past due 90 days or more are placed on nonaccrual status, and substantially all junior lien home equity loans that are current or less than 90 days past due are placed on nonaccrual status if full collection of the senior position is in doubt. At no later than 180 days past due, such loans are charged off to current appraised values less costs to sell.
Residential mortgages totaled $1.8 billion at June 30, 2022, and were primarily larger, variable-rate mortgages originated and retained for certain private banking relationship customers. Of the $1.8 billion of residential mortgage loans outstanding, $49 million were on nonaccrual status at June 30, 2022, an increase of $13 million as temporary legislative relief for COVID-19-related deferrals ended on December 31, 2021. The home equity portfolio totaled $1.6 billion at June 30, 2022, of which 96 percent was outstanding under primarily variable-rate, interest-only home equity lines of credit, 3 percent were in amortizing status and 1 percent were closed-end home equity loans. Of the $1.6 billion of home equity loans outstanding, $13 million were on nonaccrual status at June 30, 2022. A majority of the home equity portfolio was secured by junior liens at June 30, 2022.
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Energy Lending
The Corporation has a portfolio of Energy loans that are included entirely in commercial loans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Customers in the Corporation's Energy business line are engaged in three segments of the oil and gas business: exploration and production (E&P), midstream and energy services. E&P generally includes such activities as searching for potential oil and gas fields, drilling exploratory wells and operating active wells. Commitments to E&P borrowers are generally subject to semi-annual borrowing base re-determinations based on a variety of factors including updated prices (reflecting market and competitive conditions), energy reserve levels and the impact of hedging. The midstream sector is generally involved in the transportation, storage and marketing of crude and/or refined oil and gas products. The Corporation's legacy energy services customers provide products and services primarily to the E&P segment.
The following table summarizes information about loans in the Corporation's Energy business line.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Outstandings | Nonaccrual | Criticized (a) |  | Outstandings | Nonaccrual | Criticized (a)
Exploration and production (E&P) | $ | 1,139 |  | 83 | % | $ | 11 |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 971 |  | 80 | % | $ | 14 |  | $ | 46 |
Midstream | 219 |  | 16 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 212 |  | 18 |  | — |  | — |
Services | 15 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 6 |  |  | 21 |  | 2 |  | — |  | 12 |
Total Energy business line | $ | 1,373 |  | 100 | % | $ | 11 |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 1,204 |  | 100 | % | $ | 14 |  | $ | 58 |
As a percentage of total Energy loans | 1 | % | 2 | % |  |  |  | 1 | % | 5 | %

(a) Includes nonaccrual loans.
Loans in the Energy business line totaled $1.4 billion, or less than 3 percent of total loans, at June 30, 2022, an increase of $169 million compared to December 31, 2021. Total exposure, including unused commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, was $3.1 billion at June 30, 2022 (a utilization rate of 42 percent) and $2.9 billion at December 31, 2021, respectively. Nonaccrual Energy loans decreased $3 million to $11 million at June 30, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021. Criticized Energy loans decreased $28 million to $30 million, or 2 percent of total criticized loans, at June 30, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes net charge-offs related to the Corporation's Energy business line.

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 | March 31, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 | June 30, 2021
Net credit-related Energy charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (1) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 5 |  | $ | (13) |

Leveraged Loans
Certain loans in the Corporation's commercial portfolio are considered leveraged transactions. These loans are typically used for mergers, acquisitions, business recapitalizations, refinancing and equity buyouts. To help mitigate the risk associated with these loans, the Corporation focuses on middle market companies with highly capable management teams, strong sponsors and solid track records of financial performance. Industries prone to cyclical downturns and acquisitions with a high degree of integration risk are generally avoided. Other considerations include the sufficiency of collateral, the level of balance sheet leverage and the adequacy of financial covenants. During the underwriting process, cash flows are stress-tested to evaluate the borrowers' abilities to handle economic downturns and an increase in interest rates.
The FDIC defines higher-risk commercial and industrial (HR C&I) loans for assessment purposes as loans generally with leverage of four times total debt to earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation (EBITDA) as well as three times senior debt to EBITDA, excluding certain collateralized loans.
The following tables summarize information about HR C&I loans, which represented 7 percent and 6 percent of total loans at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Outstandings | $ | 3,562 |  |  | $ | 2,927 |
Criticized | 340 |  |  | 299 |

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2022 | March 31, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 | June 30, 2021
Net loan charge-offs | $ | 5 |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 4 |

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Market and Liquidity Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss due to adverse movement in prices, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Liquidity risk represents the risk that the Corporation does not have sufficient access to funds to maintain its normal operations at all times or does not have the ability to raise or borrow funds at a reasonable cost at all times.
The Asset and Liability Policy Committee (ALCO) of the Corporation establishes and monitors compliance with the policies and risk limits pertaining to market and liquidity risk management activities. ALCO meets regularly to discuss and review market and liquidity risk management strategies and consists of executive and senior management from various areas of the Corporation, including treasury, finance, economics, lending, deposit gathering and risk management. Corporate Treasury mitigates market and liquidity risk under the direction of ALCO through the actions it takes to manage the Corporation's market, liquidity and capital positions.
The Corporation performs monthly liquidity stress testing to evaluate its ability to meet funding needs in hypothetical stressed environments. Such environments cover a series of scenarios, including both idiosyncratic and market-wide in nature, which vary in terms of duration and severity. The evaluation as of June 30, 2022 projected that sufficient sources of liquidity were available under each series of events.
In addition to assessing liquidity risk on a consolidated basis, Corporate Treasury also monitors the parent company's liquidity and has established liquidity coverage requirements for meeting expected obligations without the support of additional dividends from subsidiaries. ALCO's policy on liquidity risk management requires the parent company to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet expected cash obligations over a period of no less than 12 months. The Corporation had liquid assets of $1.4 billion on an unconsolidated basis at June 30, 2022.
Corporate Treasury and the Enterprise Risk Division support ALCO in measuring, monitoring and managing interest rate risk as well as all other market risks. Key activities encompass: (i) providing information and analyses of the Corporation's balance sheet structure and measurement of interest rate and all other market risks; (ii) monitoring and reporting of the Corporation's positions relative to established policy limits and guidelines; (iii) developing and presenting analyses and strategies to adjust risk positions; (iv) reviewing and presenting policies and authorizations for approval; and (v) monitoring of industry trends and analytical tools to be used in the management of interest rate and all other market and liquidity risks.
Interest Rate Risk
Net interest income is the primary source of revenue for the Corporation. Interest rate risk arises in the normal course of business due to differences in the repricing and cash flow characteristics of assets and liabilities, primarily through the Corporation's core business activities of extending loans and acquiring deposits. The Corporation's balance sheet is predominantly characterized by floating-rate loans funded by core deposits. Including the impact of interest rate swaps converting floating-rate loans to fixed, the Corporation's loan composition at June 30, 2022 was 53 percent 30-day or less rate (primarily LIBOR and BSBY), 29 percent fixed-rate, 12 percent prime and 6 percent comprised of 90-day and greater rates. Included in the above loan composition metrics, 28 percent of total loans had non-zero interest rate floors protecting against future rate declines. The composition of the loan portfolio creates sensitivity to interest rate movements due to the imbalance between the faster repricing of the floating-rate loan portfolio versus deposit products. In addition, the growth and/or contraction in the Corporation's loans and deposits may lead to changes in sensitivity to interest rate movements in the absence of mitigating actions. Examples of such actions are purchasing fixed-rate investment securities, which provide liquidity to the balance sheet and act to mitigate the inherent interest rate sensitivity, as well as hedging with interest rate swaps and options. Other mitigating factors include interest rate floors on a portion of the loan portfolio. The Corporation actively manages its exposure to interest rate risk with the principal objective of optimizing net interest income and the economic value of equity while operating within acceptable limits established for interest rate risk and maintaining adequate levels of funding and liquidity. Based on the current rate environment and balance sheet composition, the Corporation anticipates it will continue to add fixed-rate assets (primarily interest rate swaps) to manage its interest rate risk within acceptable risk levels by reducing its sensitivity to rate movements and specifically to protect against declining rates.
Since no single measurement system satisfies all management objectives, a combination of techniques is used to manage interest rate risk. These techniques examine the impact of interest rate risk on net interest income and the economic value of equity under a variety of alternative scenarios, including changes in the level, slope and shape of the yield curve utilizing multiple simulation analyses. Simulation analyses produce only estimates of net interest income as the assumptions used are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ from simulated results due to many factors, including, but not limited to, the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates, market conditions, regulatory impacts and management strategies.
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Sensitivity of Net Interest Income to Changes in Interest Rates
The analysis of the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income under various interest rate scenarios is management's principal risk management technique. Management models a base-case net interest income under an unchanged interest rate environment. Model assumptions in this base case at June 30, 2022 included a modest increase in loan balances, loan spreads held at current levels, a moderate decrease in deposit balances with an interest-bearing deposit beta of approximately 30%, securities portfolio held at current level and no additions to interest swaps modeled.
The average balance of the securities portfolio was $19.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022 with an average yield of 1.92%. During the second quarter of 2022, the Corporation purchased $3.5 billion in mortgage-backed securities with an average yield of 3.50% and effective duration of 7.5 years. At June 30, 2022, the effective duration of the entire securities portfolio was 5.5 years.
The table below details components of the cash flow hedge portfolio at June 30, 2022.

| Cash Flow Hedges
(dollar amounts in millions) | Notional Amount |  | Weighted Average Yield |  | Years to Maturity (a)
Swaps under contract at June 30, 2022 (b) | $ | 19,250 |  |  | 2.19 | % |  | 4.7 |
Weighted average notional active per period: |  |  |  |  |
First quarter 2022 | 5,478 |  | 1.81 |  |  | 1.8
Second quarter 2022 | 8,298 |  | 1.91 |  |  | 3.4
Third quarter 2022 | 12,829 |  | 2.11 |  |  | 4.6
Fourth quarter 2022 | 16,634 |  | 2.23 |  |  | 4.9
Full year 2023 | 16,830 |  | 2.22 |  |  | 5.0
Full year 2024 | 15,586 |  | 2.28 |  |  | 5.4

(a)Years to maturity calculated from a starting date of June 30, 2022.
(b)Includes forward starting swaps of $5.9 billion starting in third quarter 2022, $2.8 billion starting in fourth quarter 2022 and $1.0 billion starting after fourth quarter 2022. Excluding forward starting swaps, the weighted average yield was 1.95%.
Additionally, as of July 25, 2022, $1.0 billion of cash flow hedges with a weighted average yield of 2.87% and an average initial term of 4.2 years were entered into in the third quarter of 2022, with start dates in October 2022. These third quarter 2022 hedges are not included in the interest rate sensitivity analysis.
The analysis also includes interest rate swaps that convert $2.7 billion of fixed-rate medium- and long-term debt to variable rates through fair value hedges. Additionally, included in this analysis are $14.6 billion of loans that were subject to an average interest rate floor of 58 basis points at June 30, 2022. This base-case net interest income is then compared against interest rate scenarios in which short-term rates rise or decline 100 basis points (with a floor of zero percent) in a linear, parallel fashion from the base case over 12 months, resulting in an average change of 50 basis points over the period.
Each scenario includes assumptions such as loan growth, investment security prepayment levels, depositor behavior, yield curve changes, loan and deposit pricing, and overall balance sheet mix and growth which are in line with historical patterns. Changes in actual economic activity may result in a materially different interest rate environment as well as a balance sheet structure that is different from the changes management included in its simulation analysis.
The table below, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, displays the estimated impact on net interest income during the next 12 months by relating the base case scenario results to those from the rising and declining rate scenarios described above.

| Estimated Annual Change
| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | %
Change in Interest Rates: |  |  |  | Change in Interest Rates: |  |  |
Rising 100 basis points | $ | 86 |  |  | 3 | % | Rising 100 basis points | $ | 205 |  |  | 12 | %
(50 basis points on average) | (50 basis points on average)
Declining 100 basis points | (155) |  |  | (6) |  | Declining to zero percent | (46) |  |  | (3) |

Sensitivity to declining interest rates increased from December 31, 2021 to June 30, 2022 primarily due to the May and June increases in fed funds to 175 basis points, allowing for a full 100 basis point repricing of the balance sheet. This was partially offset by additional cash flow hedges and investment securities added in 2022 and non-maturity deposit runoff. Sensitivity to rising interest rates decreased due to increased cash flow hedges and non-maturity deposit runoff but was partially offset by the increased repricing potential of floating-rate loans as they moved above their contractual floor rates.
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Sensitivity of Economic Value of Equity to Changes in Interest Rates
In addition to the simulation analysis on net interest income, an economic value of equity analysis provides an alternative view of the interest rate risk position. The economic value of equity is the difference between the estimate of the economic value of the Corporation's financial assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments, derived through discounting cash flows based on actual rates at the end of the period, and the estimated economic value after applying the estimated impact of rate movements. The Corporation primarily monitors the percentage change on the base-case economic value of equity. The economic value of equity analysis is based on an immediate parallel 100 basis point shock with a floor of zero percent.
The table below, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, displays the estimated impact on the economic value of equity from the interest rate scenario described above.

| June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
(dollar amounts in millions) | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | %
Change in Interest Rates: |  |  |  | Change in Interest Rates: |  |  |
Rising 100 basis points | $ | (205) |  |  | (1 | %) | Rising 100 basis points | $ | 1,353 |  |  | 9 | %
Declining 100 basis points | 106 |  |  | 1 |  | Declining to zero percent | (446) |  |  | (3) |

The sensitivity of the economic value of equity to rising rates changed from an increase as of December 31, 2021 to a reduction as of June 30, 2022 due to the additional cash flow hedges, growth of the securities portfolio and deposit runoff. Sensitivity to declining rates now increases economic value of equity due to the same factors.
LIBOR Transition
On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which regulates LIBOR, publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. Effective March 2021, the FCA confirmed that certain LIBOR tenors will no longer be supported after December 31, 2021 and that the remaining tenors, including those most commonly used by the Corporation, will cease to be supported after June 30, 2023. The Corporation has substantial exposure to LIBOR-based products, including loans and derivatives, and is preparing for a transition from LIBOR toward alternative rates.
As of July 1, 2021, the Corporation was operationally ready to issue new Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)-based cash and derivative products. Additionally, as of September 30, 2021, the Corporation was operationally ready to issue new Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (BSBY)-based cash and derivative products. The Corporation ceased originating LIBOR-based products in the fourth quarter of 2021. As of June 30, 2022, the Corporation estimates that approximately 38 percent of its LIBOR-based commercial loans have maturity dates prior to the cessation of LIBOR. Of the remaining loans with maturity dates beyond the cessation date, the Corporation estimates that 42 percent incorporate fallback language and is confident that it will achieve timely remediation of all other loans. Cessation planning for consumer loans is in process, as the Corporation has completed a review of the fallback terms for residential adjustable-rate mortgages and identified alternate benchmarks for other smaller portfolio segments. Communications and learning activities to support customers and colleagues are ongoing.
In addition to remediation activity on LIBOR-based loans, the Corporation has enacted the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) protocols related to derivatives. Once events occur that trigger a fallback, the reference rate for the variable leg of the swap will fall back from LIBOR to the ISDA Fallback Rate, which is the daily SOFR plus a spread.
The Corporation's enterprise transition timelines are closely aligned with recommendations from the Alternative Reference Rates Committee for both best practices and recommended objectives. The Corporation will continue to align with industry and regulatory guidelines regarding the cessation of LIBOR as well as monitor market developments for transitioning to alternative reference rates. For a discussion of the various risks facing the Corporation in relation to the transition away from LIBOR, see the market risk discussion within “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Sources of Liquidity
The Corporation maintains a liquidity position that it believes will adequately satisfy its financial obligations while taking into account potential commitment draws and deposit run-off that may occur in the normal course of business. The majority of the Corporation's balance sheet is funded by customer deposits. Cash flows from loan repayments, increases in deposit accounts, activity in the securities portfolio and the purchased funds market serve as the Corporation's primary liquidity sources.
The Corporation satisfies incremental liquidity needs with either liquid assets or external funding sources. The Corporation had access to liquid assets of $23.3 billion and $35.3 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively,
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which included cash on deposit with the Federal Reserve and the portion of the investment securities portfolio that the Corporation can sell without third-party consent.
In addition, the Corporation may access external funding sources when necessary, which include FHLB advances, federal funds, reverse repurchase agreements, brokered deposits and Corporation-issued bonds. The Corporation maintains a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission from which it may issue debt and equity securities.
Purchased funds decreased to $20 million at June 30, 2022 compared to $50 million at December 31, 2021. At June 30, 2022, the Bank had pledged loans totaling $23.9 billion which provided for up to $20.2 billion of available collateralized borrowing with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). The Bank is also a member of the FHLB of Dallas, Texas, which provides short- and long-term funding to its members through advances collateralized by real estate-related loans, certain government agency-backed securities and other eligible assets. Actual borrowing capacity is contingent on the amount of collateral pledged to the FHLB. At June 30, 2022, $18.1 billion of real estate-related loans were pledged to the FHLB as collateral providing $10.5 billion for potential future borrowings.
The ability of the Corporation and the Bank to raise funds at competitive rates is impacted by rating agencies' views of the credit quality, liquidity, capital, earnings and other relevant factors related to the Corporation and the Bank. As of June 30, 2022, the three major rating agencies had assigned the following ratings to long-term senior unsecured obligations of the Corporation and the Bank. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.

| Comerica Incorporated |  | Comerica Bank
June 30, 2022 | Rating | Outlook |  | Rating | Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service | A3 | Stable |  | A3 | Stable
Fitch Ratings | A- | Stable |  | A- | Stable
Standard and Poor’s | BBB+ | Stable |  | A- | Stable

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The Corporation’s consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the application of accounting policies, the most significant of which are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report. These policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions, which may prove inaccurate or subject to variations. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on the Corporation’s future financial condition and results of operations. At December 31, 2021, the most critical of these estimates related to the allowance for credit losses, fair value measurement, goodwill, pension plan accounting and income taxes. These estimates were reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors and are discussed more fully on pages F-34 through F-37 in the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report. As of the date of this report, there have been no significant changes to the Corporation's critical accounting estimates.
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SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL DATA
The Corporation believes non-GAAP measures are meaningful because they reflect adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators and analysts to evaluate the adequacy of common equity and our performance trends. Tangible common equity is used by the Corporation to measure the quality of capital and the return relative to balance sheet risk.
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio removes preferred stock from the Tier 1 capital ratio as defined by and calculated in conformity with bank regulations. The tangible common equity ratio removes the effect of intangible assets from capital and total assets. Tangible common equity per share of common stock removes the effect of intangible assets from common shareholders' equity per share of common stock. The Corporation believes that the presentation of tangible common equity adjusted for the impact of accumulated other comprehensive loss provides a greater understanding of ongoing operations and enhances comparability with prior periods.
The following table provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures and regulatory ratios used in this financial review with financial measures defined by GAAP.

(dollar amounts in millions) | June 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (a): |  |  |
Tier 1 capital | $ | 7,742 |  |  | $ | 7,458 |
Less: |  |  |
Fixed-rate reset non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock | 394 |  |  | 394 |
Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 7,348 |  |  | $ | 7,064 |
Risk-weighted assets | $ | 75,584 |  |  | $ | 69,708 |
Tier 1 capital ratio | 10.24 | % |  | 10.70 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 9.72 |  |  | 10.13 |
Tangible Common Equity Ratio: |  |  |
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 6,435 |  |  | $ | 7,897 |
Less: |  |  |
Fixed-rate reset non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock | 394 |  |  | 394 |
Common shareholders' equity | $ | 6,041 |  |  | $ | 7,503 |
Less: |  |  |
Goodwill | 635 |  |  | 635 |
Other intangible assets | 10 |  |  | 11 |
Tangible common equity | $ | 5,396 |  |  | $ | 6,857 |
Total assets | $ | 86,889 |  |  | $ | 94,616 |
Less: |  |  |
Goodwill | 635 |  |  | 635 |
Other intangible assets | 10 |  |  | 11 |
Tangible assets | $ | 86,244 |  |  | $ | 93,970 |
Common equity ratio | 6.95 | % |  | 7.93 | %
Tangible common equity ratio | 6.26 |  |  | 7.30 |
Tangible Common Equity per Share of Common Stock: |  |  |
Common shareholders' equity | $ | 6,041 |  |  | $ | 7,503 |
Tangible common equity | 5,396 |  |  | 6,857 |
Shares of common stock outstanding (in millions) | 131 |  |  | 131 |
Common shareholders' equity per share of common stock | $ | 46.19 |  |  | $ | 57.41 |
Tangible common equity per share of common stock | 41.25 |  |  | 52.46 |
Impact of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss to Tangible Common Equity: |  |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCI) | $ | (1,954) |  |  | $ | (212) |
Tangible common equity, excluding AOCI | 7,350 |  |  | 7,069 |
Tangible common equity ratio, excluding AOCI | 8.52 | % |  | 7.52 | %
Tangible common equity per share of common stock, excluding AOCI | $ | 56.19 |  |  | $ | 54.08 |

(a)June 30, 2022 ratios are estimated.
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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures for the current period can be found in the "Market and Liquidity Risk" section of "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Corporation maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation's management, including the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management has evaluated, with the participation of the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on the evaluation, the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the period to which this report relates, there have not been any changes in the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls. In the second quarter of 2022, the Corporation implemented a new general ledger accounting system. The new general ledger system was implemented in order to standardize processes, improve efficiency and enhance management reporting and analysis. This change in systems was subject to thorough testing and review before and after final implementation. This transition has not materially affected, and the Corporation does not expect it to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
For information regarding the Corporation's legal proceedings, see "Part I. Item 1. Note 12 – Contingent Liabilities," which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
There has been no material change in the Corporation’s risk factors as previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 in response to Part I, Item 1A. of such Form 10-K. Such risk factors are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
For information regarding the Corporation's purchase of equity securities, see "Part I. Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Capital," which is incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 4, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.3 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 3, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.4 |  | Certificate of Designations of 5.625% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated May 26, 2020, of Comerica Incorporated (including the form of 5.625% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A Certificate of Comerica Incorporated attached as Exhibit A thereto) (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 26, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).
4 |  | [In accordance with Regulation S-K Item No. 601(b)(4)(iii), the Registrant is not filing copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt because none of those instruments authorizes debt in excess of 10% of the total assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.]
10.20† |  | Restrictive Covenants and General Release Agreement by and between John D. Buchanan and Comerica Incorporated dated May 12, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 12, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference.)
31.1 |  | Chairman, President and CEO Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
31.2 |  | Executive Vice President and CFO Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
32 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
101 |  | Financial statements from Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited), (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (unaudited), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104 |  | The cover page from the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).
† |  | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| COMERICA INCORPORATED
| (Registrant)
| /s/ Mauricio A. Ortiz
| Mauricio A. Ortiz
| Executive Vice President and
| Chief Accounting Officer and
| Duly Authorized Officer

Date: July 28, 2022
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