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Share-based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-based Compensation | Share-based Compensation Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan as described in Note 17 “Capital Structure”, and in connection with the IPO, non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock were granted, each of which vests in equal annual installments over a period of four years from grant date and expires not later than 10 years from the date of grant. The following table summarizes activity related to stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Options Outstanding |  | Options Exercisable
| Number of Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Number of Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
At December 31, 2022 | 1,521,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |  |  | 2.24 |  | 1,521,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited or expired | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
At March 31, 2023 | 1,521,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |  |  | 1.99 |  | 1,521,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |
At December 31, 2023 | 1,511,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |  |  | 1.24 |  | 1,511,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited or expired | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
At March 31, 2024 | 1,511,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  | 1,511,776 |  |  | $ | 19.00 |
The expected life was determined based on an average of vesting and contractual period. The risk-free interest rate was determined based on the yields available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues. The expected stock price volatility was determined based on historical volatilities of comparable companies. The expected dividend yield was determined based on estimated future dividend payments divided by the IPO stock price. Class A Common Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan as described in Note 17 “Capital Structure”, subsequent to the IPO, shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) were granted, with RSUs and RSAs vesting over a period of up to 4 years. The fair value of the Class A Common Stock and RSUs was determined based on a volume weighted average price and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of the RSAs was determined based on the closing price as of the date of grant and the expense is recognized from the date that achievement of the performance target becomes probable through the remainder of the vesting period. Performance targets are based on the Company's adjusted EBITDA for certain future periods. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there were 878,091 and 868,315 shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock granted as part of year-end compensation. In addition, the Company accrued compensation expense of $4.9 million and $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to immediately vested Class A Common Stock expected to be awarded as part of year-end incentive compensation, which was included in Employee compensation and payroll taxes on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table summarizes activity related to RSUs (including the Assumed Awards) and RSAs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Number of RSUs and RSAs |  | Weighted Average Fair Value
At December 31, 2022 | 3,954,833 |  |  | $ | 28.13 |
Granted (1) | 3,440,682 |  |  | 19.41 |
Forfeited | (71,475) |  |  | 30.58 |
Vested | (2,393,550) |  |  | 21.60 |
At March 31, 2023 | 4,930,490 |  |  | $ | 25.18 |
At December 31, 2023 | 4,903,174 |  |  | $ | 23.90 |
Granted (1) | 2,492,452 |  |  | 16.98 |
Forfeited | (68,049) |  |  | 23.76 |
Vested | (2,596,226) |  |  | 19.79 |
At March 31, 2024 | 4,731,351 |  |  | $ | 22.51 |
(1) Excluded in the number of RSUs and RSAs are 487,500 and 37,500 participating RSAs for March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, where the grant date has not been achieved because the performance conditions have not been met.
The Company recognized $10.2 million and $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of compensation expense in relation to RSUs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $67.0 million and $55.2 million, respectively, and this amount is to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years and 0.9 years, respectively. Awards in which the specific performance conditions have not been met are not included in unrecognized share-based compensation expense. On November 13, 2020, the Company adopted the Virtu Financial, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”). The DCP permits eligible executive officers and other employees to defer cash or equity-based compensation beginning in the calendar year ending December 31, 2021, subject to certain limitations and restrictions. Deferrals of cash compensation may also be directed to notional investments in certain of the employee investment opportunities.

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