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Financial Assets and Liabilities (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Summary of fair value measurements measured on a recurring basis
Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of March 31, 2024:
 March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting Total Fair Value 
Assets     
Financial instruments owned, at fair value:     
Equity securities$886,249 $2,080,349 $— $— $2,966,598 
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations343,333 454,903 — — 798,236 
Corporate Bonds— 1,187,960 — — 1,187,960 
Exchange traded notes11 20,309 — — 20,320 
Currency forwards— 290,659 — (268,583)22,076 
Options2,888 — — — 2,888 
 $1,232,481 $4,034,180 $— $(268,583)$4,998,078 
Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:
Equity securities$886,435 $555,416 $— $— $1,441,851 
Exchange traded notes7,200 — — 7,203 
 $886,438 $562,616 $— $— $1,449,054 
Other Assets
Equity investment$— $— $84,587 $— $84,587 
Digital assets79,982 — — 79,982 
Exchange stock2,815 — — — 2,815 
 $82,797 $— $84,587 $— $167,384 
Receivables from broker dealers and clearing organizations:
Interest rate swap$— $5,753 $— $— $5,753 
Receivables linked to digital assets17,048 17,048 
$— $22,801 $— $— $22,801 
Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:
Equity securities$1,888,070 $1,430,974 $— $— $3,319,044 
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations209,193 965,945 — — 1,175,138 
Corporate Bonds— 1,166,408 — — 1,166,408 
Exchange traded notes— 31,280 — — 31,280 
Currency forwards— 253,151 — (253,146)
Options3,122 — — — 3,122 
 $2,100,385 $3,847,758 $— $(253,146)$5,694,997 
Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations:
Payables linked to digital assets$— $90,271 $— $— $90,271 
$— $90,271 $— $— $90,271 
    
Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2023:

 December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting Total Fair Value 
Assets     
Financial instruments owned, at fair value:     
Equity securities$710,699 $1,844,106 $— $— $2,554,805 
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations521,542 1,775,177 — — 2,296,719 
Corporate Bonds— 1,232,097 — — 1,232,097 
Exchange traded notes10 18,055 — — 18,065 
Currency forwards— 377,279 — (354,698)22,581 
Options3,485 — — — 3,485 
$1,235,736 $5,246,714 $— $(354,698)$6,127,752 
Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:
Equity securities$871,237 $351,322 $— $— $1,222,559 
Exchange traded notes8,297 — — 8,300 
$871,240 $359,619 $— $— $1,230,859 
Other Assets
Equity investment$— $— $81,805 $— $81,805 
Exchange stock2,716 — — — 2,716 
$2,716 $— $81,805 $— $84,521 
Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:
Equity securities$1,447,726 $1,165,091 $— $— $2,612,817 
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations181,393 1,891,556 — — 2,072,949 
Corporate Bonds— 1,358,522 — — 1,358,522 
Exchange traded notes— 21,104 — — 21,104 
Currency forwards— 339,085 (336,311)2,774 
Options3,186 — 3,186 
 $1,632,305 $4,775,358 $— $(336,311)$6,071,352 
Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations:
Interest rate swap$— $7,661 $— $— $7,661 
$— $7,661 $— $— $7,661 
The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024:
 March 31, 2024
 Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Other Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable Inputs
 (in thousands)
Fair Value(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) 
Assets     
Cash and cash equivalents$399,585 $399,585 $399,585 $— $— 
Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other29,821 29,821 29,821 — — 
Securities borrowed1,782,982 1,782,982 — 1,782,982 — 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell502,470 502,470 — 502,470 — 
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations1,247,603 1,247,603 — 1,247,603 — 
Receivables from customers118,680 118,680 — 118,680 — 
Other assets (1)29,430 29,430 9,604 19,826 — 
Total Assets$4,110,571 $4,110,571 $439,010 $3,671,561 $— 
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings$138,202 $140,000 $— $140,000 $— 
Long-term borrowings1,726,657 1,749,054 — 1,749,054 — 
Securities loaned1,640,521 1,640,521 — 1,640,521 — 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase836,433 836,433 — 836,433 — 
Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations382,624 382,624 — 382,624 — 
Payables to customers33,485 33,485 — 33,485 — 
Other liabilities (2)29,229 29,229 — 29,229 — 
Total Liabilities$4,787,151 $4,811,346 $— $4,811,346 $— 
(1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables.
(2) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable.
The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023:
 December 31, 2023
 Carrying Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Other Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable Inputs
 (in thousands)
Fair Value(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) 
Assets     
Cash and cash equivalents$820,436 $820,436 $820,436 $— $— 
Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other35,024 35,024 35,024 — — 
Securities borrowed1,722,440 1,722,440 — 1,722,440 — 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell1,512,114 1,512,114 — 1,512,114 — 
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations737,724 737,724 — 737,724 — 
Receivables from customers106,245 106,245 — 106,245 — 
Other assets (1)31,022 31,022 10,444 20,578 — 
Total Assets$4,965,005 $4,965,005 $865,904 $4,099,101 $— 
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings$— $— $— $— $— 
Long-term borrowings1,727,205 1,758,292 — 1,758,292 — 
Securities loaned1,329,446 1,329,446 — 1,329,446 — 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,795,994 1,795,994 — 1,795,994 — 
Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations1,160,051 1,160,051 — 1,160,051 — 
Payables to customers23,229 23,229 — 23,229 — 
Other liabilities (2)19,300 19,300 — 19,300 — 
Total Liabilities$6,055,225 $6,086,312 $— $6,086,312 $— 
(1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables.
(2) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable.
Fair value measurement inputs and valuation techniques
The table below presents information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for the JNX Investment:

March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputRangeWeighted Average
Equity investment$84,587 Discounted cash flowEstimated revenue growth
5.0% - 10.2%
6.6 %
Discount rate
16.0% - 16.0%
16.0 %
MarketFuture enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio
9.5x - 17.7x
14.4x

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputRangeWeighted Average
Equity investment$81,805 Discounted cash flowEstimated revenue growth
5.0% - 6.8%
5.8 %
Discount rate
15.6% - 15.6%
15.6 %
MarketFuture enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio
8.7x - 17.8x
12.9x
Summary of changes in Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following presents the changes in the Company's Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in thousands)Balance at December 31, 2023PurchasesTotal Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1)Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3SettlementBalance at March 31, 2024Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at March 31, 2024
Assets
Other assets:
Equity investment$81,805 $— $2,782 $— $— $84,587 $2,782 
Total$81,805 $— $2,782 $— $— $84,587 $2,782 
(1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Balance at December 31, 2022PurchasesTotal Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1)Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3SettlementBalance at March 31, 2023Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at March 31, 2023
Assets
Other assets:
Equity investment$76,613 $— $3,113 $— $— $79,726 $3,113 
Total$76,613 $— $3,113 $— $— $79,726 $3,113 
(1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment.
Summary of netting of certain financial assets
The following tables set forth the gross and net presentation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

 March 31, 2024
 Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition 
 
(in thousands)Financial Instrument CollateralCounterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount
Offsetting of Financial Assets:                        
Securities borrowed$1,782,982 $— $1,782,982 $(1,739,045)$(22,685)$21,252 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell502,470 — 502,470 (502,470)— 
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations:
Interest rate swaps5,753 — 5,753 — — 5,753 
Trading assets, at fair value:
Currency forwards290,659 (268,583)22,076 — — 22,076 
Options2,888 — 2,888 — (2,104)784 
Total$2,584,752 $(268,583)$2,316,169 $(2,241,515)$(24,789)$49,865 
 Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition 
  
(in thousands)
Financial Instrument Collateral
Counterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:                     
Securities loaned$1,640,521 $— $1,640,521 $(1,609,815)$(27,275)$3,431 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase836,433 — 836,433 (836,429)
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Currency forwards253,151 (253,146)— — 
Options3,122 — 3,122 — (3,122)— 
Total$2,733,227 $(253,146)$2,480,081 $(2,446,244)$(30,397)$3,440 

 December 31, 2023
 Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
 
(in thousands)Financial Instrument CollateralCounterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount
Offsetting of Financial Assets:                        
Securities borrowed$1,722,440 $— $1,722,440 $(1,665,860)$(27,538)$29,042 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell1,512,114 — 1,512,114 (1,512,114)— 
Trading assets, at fair value:
Currency forwards377,279 (354,698)22,581 — — 22,581 
Options3,485 — 3,485 — (2,914)571 
Total$3,615,318 $(354,698)$3,260,620 $(3,177,974)$(30,452)$52,194 
Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(in thousands)Financial Instrument CollateralCounterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:                     
Securities loaned$1,329,446 $— $1,329,446 $(1,291,376)$(31,509)$6,561 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,795,994 — 1,795,994 (1,795,994)— 
Interest rate swaps7,661 — 7,661 — — 7,661 
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Currency forwards339,085 (336,311)2,774 — — 2,774 
Options3,186 — 3,186 — (2,914)272 
Total$3,475,372 $(336,311)$3,139,061 $(3,087,370)$(34,423)$17,268 
Summary of netting of certain financial liabilities
The following tables set forth the gross and net presentation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

 March 31, 2024
 Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition 
 
(in thousands)Financial Instrument CollateralCounterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount
Offsetting of Financial Assets:                        
Securities borrowed$1,782,982 $— $1,782,982 $(1,739,045)$(22,685)$21,252 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell502,470 — 502,470 (502,470)— 
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations:
Interest rate swaps5,753 — 5,753 — — 5,753 
Trading assets, at fair value:
Currency forwards290,659 (268,583)22,076 — — 22,076 
Options2,888 — 2,888 — (2,104)784 
Total$2,584,752 $(268,583)$2,316,169 $(2,241,515)$(24,789)$49,865 
 Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition 
  
(in thousands)
Financial Instrument Collateral
Counterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:                     
Securities loaned$1,640,521 $— $1,640,521 $(1,609,815)$(27,275)$3,431 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase836,433 — 836,433 (836,429)
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Currency forwards253,151 (253,146)— — 
Options3,122 — 3,122 — (3,122)— 
Total$2,733,227 $(253,146)$2,480,081 $(2,446,244)$(30,397)$3,440 

 December 31, 2023
 Gross Amounts of Recognized AssetsAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
 
(in thousands)Financial Instrument CollateralCounterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount
Offsetting of Financial Assets:                        
Securities borrowed$1,722,440 $— $1,722,440 $(1,665,860)$(27,538)$29,042 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell1,512,114 — 1,512,114 (1,512,114)— 
Trading assets, at fair value:
Currency forwards377,279 (354,698)22,581 — — 22,581 
Options3,485 — 3,485 — (2,914)571 
Total$3,615,318 $(354,698)$3,260,620 $(3,177,974)$(30,452)$52,194 
Gross Amounts of Recognized LiabilitiesAmounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionNet Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial ConditionAmounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(in thousands)Financial Instrument CollateralCounterparty Netting/ Cash CollateralNet Amount
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:                     
Securities loaned$1,329,446 $— $1,329,446 $(1,291,376)$(31,509)$6,561 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,795,994 — 1,795,994 (1,795,994)— 
Interest rate swaps7,661 — 7,661 — — 7,661 
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Currency forwards339,085 (336,311)2,774 — — 2,774 
Options3,186 — 3,186 — (2,914)272 
Total$3,475,372 $(336,311)$3,139,061 $(3,087,370)$(34,423)$17,268 
Summary of gross obligations for repurchase agreement and securities borrowed transactions by remaining contractual maturity and class of collateral pledged
The following table presents gross obligations for securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for securities lending transactions by remaining contractual maturity and the class of collateral pledged as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

 March 31, 2024
Remaining Contractual Maturity
(in thousands)Overnight and ContinuousLess than 30 days30 - 60
days
61 - 90
Days
Greater than 90
days
Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
Equity securities$— $140,000 $185,000 $75,000 $— $400,000 
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations436,433 — — — — 436,433 
Total$436,433 $140,000 $185,000 $75,000 $— $836,433 
Securities loaned:
Equity securities$1,640,521 $— $— $— $— $1,640,521 
Total$1,640,521 $— $— $— $— $1,640,521 

 December 31, 2023
 Remaining Contractual Maturity
(in thousands)Overnight and ContinuousLess than 30 days30 - 60
days
61 - 90
Days
Greater than 90
days
Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:     
Equity securities$— $140,000 $185,000 $75,000 $— $400,000 
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations1,395,994 — — — — 1,395,994 
Total$1,395,994 $140,000 $185,000 $75,000 $— $1,795,994 
Securities loaned:
Equity securities1,329,446 — — — — 1,329,446 
Total$1,329,446 $— $— $— $— $1,329,446