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As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February
1
3
, 2023
Registration
No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Certificate of Incorporation)

Delaware |  | 7374 |  | 88-1068854
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |  | (IRS Employer Identification Number)

3033 Beta Avenue
Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4M9
Canada
Tel: (604)
630-1428
(Address, including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Principal Executive Offices)
Corporation Service Company
251 Little Falls Drive
Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware
19808
Tel: (650)
560-4753
(Name, Address, including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:

Alan Baratz D-Wave Quantum Inc. 3033 Beta Avenue Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4M9 Canada Tel: (604) 630-1428 |  | Michael M. Mills, Jr. Holland & Knight LLP 100 North Tampa Street Suite 4100 Tampa, Florida 33602 Tel: (813) 227-8500

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging Growth Company |  | ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

##### Table of Contents

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling stockholder may issue or sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 13, 2023

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.

Up to 35,000,000 Common Shares

This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, of up to 35,000,000 Common Shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Shares”), by the selling stockholder, Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park” or the “Selling Stockholder”).

The Common Shares to which this prospectus relates includes shares that may be issued to Lincoln Park pursuant to a purchase agreement between us, D-Wave Systems Inc. (“D-Wave Systems”), DPCM Capital Inc. (“DPCM”) and Lincoln Park dated June 16, 2022 (the “Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from D-Wave Quantum, at the option of D-Wave Quantum, up to $150,000,000 of Common Shares from time to time, at our discretion after October 26, 2022 (the date on which the First LP Registration Statement (as defined below) was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)) and after satisfaction of other conditions in the Purchase Agreement (the “Commencement Date”).

Under the registration statement previously filed with the SEC, and declared effective by the SEC on October 26, 2022, in connection with the Purchase Agreement (the “First LP Registration Statement”), we have registered 15,500,000 Common Shares, all of which have been sold to Lincoln Park to date. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we are registering additional shares under this prospectus.

Lincoln Park is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). See “Plan of Distribution” on page 145 for more information about how Lincoln Park may sell the Common Shares being registered pursuant to this prospectus.

Lincoln Park may sell the Common Shares described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. The price that Lincoln Park will pay for the shares to be resold pursuant to this prospectus (which will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, forward or reverse stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute such price) will depend upon the timing of sales and will fluctuate based on the trading price of the Common Shares and, depending on whether the purchase is a Regular Purchase (as defined below) or an Accelerated Purchase (as defined below), will be set as either (a) the lower of (i) the lowest trading price for Common Shares on the applicable Purchase Date (as defined below) and (ii) the average of the three lowest closing sale prices for Common Shares during the ten consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such Purchase Date or (b) a purchase price equal to the lesser of 95% of (x) the closing sale price of Common Shares on the Accelerated Purchase Date (as defined below) and (y) of the volume weighted average price of Common Shares on the Accelerated Purchase Date (during a time period specified in the Purchase Agreement). The Purchase Agreement prohibits D-Wave Quantum from directing Lincoln Park to purchase any D-Wave Quantum Common Shares if the closing price of the D-Wave Quantum Common Shares is less than the floor price of $1.00 (the “Floor Price”). See the section entitled “Lincoln Park Transaction.”

While the Purchase Agreement limits the rate at which we can sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, due to the significant number of Common Shares that were redeemed in connection with the Transaction (as defined below), the number of Common Shares that we can sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement could constitute a considerable percentage of our public float at the time of such sales. As a result, the resale by Lincoln Park of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of the Common Shares. See “Lincoln Park Transaction” on page 147 for more information.

We have agreed to bear all of the expenses incurred in connection with the registration of the shares to which this prospectus relates. Lincoln Park will pay or assume discounts, commissions, and fees of underwriters, selling brokers or dealer managers, if any, incurred in connection with the sale of Common Shares.

We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and, as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company disclosure requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.”

In the future, we may become a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). As a result, we may qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that would otherwise be applicable to NYSE-listed companies. While we do not intend to utilize any of the exemptions available to a “controlled company”, if we were to become one, we would be able to elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE, including: the requirement that a majority of our board of directors consist of “independent directors” as defined under the rules of the NYSE; the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees.

Our Common Shares are listed on The New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “QBTS”. On February 9, 2023 the last reported sales prices of the Common Shares on the NYSE was $1.09.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 of this prospectus, and under similar headings in any amendments or supplements to this prospectus.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is February 13, 2023.

##### Table of Contents

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS |  |  | 4 |
TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS |  |  | 5 |
INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA |  |  | 6 |
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES |  |  | 7 |
FREQUENTLY USED TERMS |  |  | 8 |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS |  |  | 11 |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY |  |  | 13 |
THE OFFERING |  |  | 19 |
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA |  |  | 20 |
RISK FACTORS |  |  | 24 |
USE OF PROCEEDS |  |  | 57 |
DILUTION |  |  | 58 |
MARKET PRICE OF OUR SECURITIES AND DIVIDENDS |  |  | 59 |
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |  | 60 |
BUSINESS |  |  | 67 |
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |  |  | 102 |
MANAGEMENT |  |  | 114 |
DESCRIPTION OF D-WAVE QUANTUM SECURITIES |  |  | 120 |
DESCRIPTION OF EXCHANGEABLE SHARES AND RELATED AGREEMENTS |  |  | 124 |
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE |  |  | 135 |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS |  |  | 137 |
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES |  |  | 139 |
SELLING STOCKHOLDER |  |  | 141 |
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS |  |  | 142 |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION |  |  | 145 |
LINCOLN PARK TRANSACTION |  |  | 147 |
LEGAL MATTERS |  |  | 151 |
EXPERTS |  |  | 152 |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION |  |  | 153 |
PART II: INFORMATION OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT |  |  | II-1 |

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This Prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC. The Selling Stockholder may offer, sell or distribute all or a portion of the Common Shares hereby registered publicly or through private transactions at prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, from time to time in one or more offerings as described in this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from such sales of the Common Shares, except with respect to amounts received by us upon the exercise of the Warrants. We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of these securities, including with regard to compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws. The Selling Stockholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to its sale of Common Shares. See “Plan of Distribution.”

We may also file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described in the “Where You Can Find More Information” section of this prospectus.

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, or any applicable prospectus supplement prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the Selling Stockholder take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the Selling Stockholder will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and any applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus contains, and any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may contain, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and the applicable prospectus supplement. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

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TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS

We and our respective subsidiaries own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, their names, logos and website names and addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but they will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks.

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INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

In this prospectus, we present industry data, information and statistics regarding the markets in which we compete as well as publicly available information, industry and general publications and research and studies conducted by third parties. This information is supplemented where necessary with our own internal estimates and information obtained from discussions with our customers, taking into account publicly available information about other industry participants and our management’s judgment where information is not publicly available. This information appears in “Business” and other sections of this prospectus.

Industry publications, research, studies and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. However, forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. These forecasts and forward-looking information are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in any forecasts or estimates.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

To supplement the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, we use non-GAAP measures of certain components of financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not required by or presented in accordance with GAAP. Management believes that this measure provides investors an additional meaningful method to evaluate certain aspects of such results period over period. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation, remeasurements of liability-classified warrants, and other nonrecurring nonoperating income and expenses. We use Adjusted EBITDA to measure the operating performance of our business, excluding specifically identified items that we do not believe directly reflect our core operations and may not be indicative of our recurring operations. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP, and our presentation of non-GAAP measures may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “Summary Consolidated Financial Data”.

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FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “D-Wave Quantum,” “D-Wave,” “Company,” “the registrant,” “we,” “us” and “our” refers to D-Wave Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries.

In addition, in this prospectus:

“Amended and Restated Sponsor Support Agreement” means the letter agreement, dated as of June 16, 2022, by and among DPCM, the Sponsor, D-Wave Systems and D-Wave Quantum, which superseded and replaced the letter agreement, dated as of February 7, 2022, by and among DPCM, the Sponsor, D-Wave and D-Wave Quantum.

“Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement” means that certain Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, entered into immediately prior to the Effective Time, by and among DPCM, D-Wave Quantum, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as the existing warrant agent, and Computershare, as the successor warrant agent.

“CallCo” means DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave Quantum.

“Common Shares” means the shares of the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of D-Wave Quantum.

“Computershare” means, together, Computershare Inc., a Delaware corporation and its affiliate, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company.

“Court of Chancery” means the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware.

“D-Wave Equityholders” means the shareholders of D-Wave Systems and the holders of other equity interests in D-Wave Systems (including D-Wave Options and D-Wave Warrants), in each case, prior to the Effective Time.

“D-Wave Option” means each option to purchase shares of common stock of D-Wave Systems issued and outstanding under D-Wave’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan that, at the Effective Time, became exercisable for a Common Share.

“D-Wave Shares” means shares of D-Wave Systems Inc. outstanding prior to the consummation of the Transaction.

“D-Wave Quantum” means D-Wave Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation.

“D-Wave Quantum Charter” means the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of D-Wave Quantum.

“D-Wave Systems” means D-Wave Systems Inc., a British Columbia corporation.

“D-Wave Warrants” means the warrants exercisable for D-Wave Systems preferred stock that were outstanding as of immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction, that, at the Effective Time, became exercisable for Common Shares.

“DGCL” means the Delaware General Corporation Law.

“DPCM” means DPCM Capital, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave Quantum Inc.

“DPCM Board” means the board of directors of DPCM.

“DPCM Class A Common Stock” means the shares of DPCM’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

“DPCM Class B Common Stock” means the shares of DPCM’s Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

“DPCM Common Stock” means the DPCM Class A Common Stock and DPCM Class B Common Stock.

“DPCM IPO” means DPCM’s initial public offering, consummated on November 17, 2020, through the sale of 30,000,000 DPCM Units at $10.00 per DPCM Unit.

“DPCM Merger” means the merger of Merger Sub with and into DPCM.

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“DPCM Public Stockholders” means holders of Public Shares, including the Initial Stockholders to the extent the Initial Stockholders hold Public Shares; provided, that the Initial Stockholders are considered a “DPCM Public Stockholder” only with respect to any Public Shares held by them.

“DPCM Unit” means one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock and one-third of one warrant of DPCM, whereby each whole warrant entitled the holder thereof to purchase one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share of DPCM Class A Common Stock, sold in the DPCM IPO.

“DPCM Warrants” means, collectively, the Public Warrants and the Private Warrants.

“Effective Time” means the time the Certificate of Merger in respect of the DPCM Merger became effective in accordance with the DGCL.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Exchange Ratio” means 1.4541326 Common Shares received by non-redeeming DPCM Public Stockholders for each share of DPCM Class A Common Stock exchanged in the Transaction.

“Exchangeable Shares” means the exchangeable shares in the capital of ExchangeCo.

“ExchangeCo” means D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., a British Columbia corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CallCo.

“Forfeited Shares” means 4,484,425 shares of DPCM Class B Common Stock that Sponsor will irrevocably forfeit and surrender immediately prior to the Closing for no consideration as a contribution to the capital of DPCM, in accordance with the Amended and Restated Sponsor Support Agreement.

“Founder Shares” means the 7,500,000 shares of DPCM Class B Common Stock that were owned by the Initial Stockholders prior to the Transaction.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

“Initial Stockholders” means the Sponsor and certain of DPCM’s former officers, directors and other special advisors.

“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

“JOBS Act” means the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012.

“Merger Sub” means DWSI Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave Quantum.

“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.

“PIPE Financing” means the sale to the PIPE Investors of an aggregate number of Common Shares in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements.

“PIPE Investors” means persons that entered into subscription agreements to purchase Common Shares pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements on or prior to the date of the Transaction Agreement, which included certain D-Wave Equityholders and certain Initial Stockholders.

“PIPE Subscription Agreements” means those certain subscription agreements executed by PIPE Investors on or before the date of the Transaction Agreement in connection with the PIPE Financing.

“Private Warrants” means the warrants held by the Sponsor that were issued to the Sponsor at the closing of the DPCM IPO, each of which was exercisable, at an exercise price of $11.50, for one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock, in accordance with its terms, prior to the consummation of the Transaction.

“Public Shares” means the DPCM Class A Common Stock included in the DPCM Units issued in the DPCM IPO.

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“Public Warrants” means the warrants included in the DPCM Units issued in the DPCM IPO, each of which was exercisable, at an exercise price of $11.50, for one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock, in accordance with its terms, prior to the consummation of the Transaction.

“QCaaS” means quantum computing as a service.

“Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement” means that certain Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, deemed to be entered into among D-Wave Quantum, certain holders of DPCM Class B Common Stock, and certain shareholders of D-Wave pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement.

“Registration Rights Holders” means certain former holders of DPCM Class B Common Stock, and certain former shareholders of D-Wave.

“Rule 144” means Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Sponsor” means CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Transaction” means the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreement, including, among other things, the DPCM Merger and the Arrangement, whereby DPCM and D-Wave became subsidiaries of D-Wave Quantum.

“Transaction Agreement” means, as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the Transaction Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2022, by and among DPCM, D-Wave Quantum, Merger Sub, CallCo, ExchangeCo and D-Wave.

“Trust Account” means the trust account of DPCM that held the proceeds from the DPCM IPO.

“Trustee” or “Transfer Agent,” as applicable, means Computershare.

“U.S. Tax Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Warrant Agreement” means the Warrant Agreement, by and between DPCM and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, dated as of October 20, 2020, which was amended and supplemented by the Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement.

“Warrants” means the Warrants of D-Wave Quantum, which are exercisable for Common Shares.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding D-Wave Quantum’s and D-Wave Quantum’s management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “believe,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “trend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “seem,” “seek,” “future,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “projection,” “continue,” “ongoing,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, which are subject to a number of risks. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

| • |  | the expected benefits of the Transaction;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s future growth and innovations;

| • |  | the increased adoption of quantum computing solutions and expansion of related market opportunities and use cases;

| • |  | the estimated total addressable market (“TAM”) for quantum computing and expectations regarding product development and functionality;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s financial and business performance following the Transaction, including financial projections and business metrics;

| • |  | changes in D-Wave Quantum’s strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans;

| • |  | the ability of D-Wave Quantum’s products and services to meet customers’ compliance and regulatory needs;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s ability to attract and retain qualified employees and management;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s ability to develop and maintain its brand and reputation;

| • |  | developments and projections relating to D-Wave Quantum’s competitors and industry;

| • |  | the impact of health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on D-Wave Quantum’s business and the actions D-Wave may take in response thereto;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s expectations regarding its ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection and not infringe on the rights of others;

| • |  | expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s future capital requirements and sources and uses of cash;

| • |  | statements regarding the reseller agreement with Davidson Technologies, Inc. (“Davidson”) and Davidson’s and D-Wave’s collaboration on an initiative to support classified quantum hybrid applications;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s ability to obtain funding for its operations and future growth; and

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s business, expansion plans and opportunities.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this prospectus, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties and are not predictions of actual performance. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in making an investment decision with respect to the securities offered under this prospectus. These forward-looking statements are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability regarding future performance, events or circumstances. Many of the factors affecting actual performance, events and circumstances are beyond the control of D-Wave Quantum.

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As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

| • |  | anticipated trends, growth rates, and challenges in companies, such as D-Wave Quantum, that are engaged in the business of quantum computing and in the markets in which it operates;

| • |  | the risk that D-Wave Quantum’s securities will not maintain a listing on the NYSE;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Transaction, which may be affected by, among other things, competition and the ability of D-Wave Quantum to grow and achieve and maintain profitably following the Transaction;

| • |  | risks related to the uncertainty of the unaudited prospective forecasted financial information;

| • |  | risks related to the performance of D-Wave Quantum’s business and the timing of expected business or financial milestones;

| • |  | unanticipated technological or project development challenges, including with respect to the cost and or timing thereof;

| • |  | the performance of D-Wave Quantum’s products and services;

| • |  | the effects of competition on D-Wave Quantum’s business;

| • |  | changes in the business of D-Wave Quantum and D-Wave Quantum’s market, financial, political and legal conditions;

| • |  | the risk that D-Wave Quantum will need to raise additional capital to execute its business plan, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all;

| • |  | the risk that D-Wave Quantum may never achieve or sustain profitability;

| • |  | the risk that D-Wave Quantum is unable to secure or protect its intellectual property;

| • |  | changes in applicable laws or regulations;

| • |  | the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical events, natural disasters, wars, terrorist acts or a combination of these factors on D-Wave Quantum’s business and the economy in general;

| • |  | the ability of D-Wave Quantum to execute its business model, including market acceptance of its planned products and services;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s ability to raise capital, including under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park;

| • |  | the possibility that D-Wave Quantum may be negatively impacted by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

| • |  | risks stemming from inflation;

| • |  | any changes to applicable tax laws, including U.S. tax laws; and

| • |  | other risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus, including those under the section titled “Risk Factors.”

In addition, statements that “D-Wave believes” or “D-Wave Quantum believes” and similar statements reflect D-Wave Quantum’s beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to D-Wave Quantum as of the date of this prospectus, and while D-Wave Quantum believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that such party has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that is important to you in making an investment decision. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included in this prospectus. Before making your investment decision with respect to our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the information under “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “Company”, “D-Wave Quantum,” “D-Wave,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries.

General

D-Wave Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation, is the parent holding company of D-Wave Systems Inc., a leader in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software and services, and is the world’s first commercial supplier of quantum computers—and the only company developing both annealing quantum computers and gate-model quantum computers. Its mission is to unlock the power of quantum computing today to benefit business and society. D-Wave does this by delivering customer value with practical quantum applications for problems as diverse as logistics, artificial intelligence, materials sciences, drug discovery, scheduling, cybersecurity, fault detection, and financial modeling. D-Wave’s systems are being used by some of the world’s most advanced organizations, including NEC Corporation (“NEC”), Volkswagen, DENSO, Lockheed Martin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, University of Southern California, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. With headquarters and the Quantum Engineering Center of Excellence based near Vancouver, Canada, D-Wave’s U.S. operations are based in Palo Alto, California. D-Wave has a blue-chip investor base that includes the Public Sector Pension Investment Board (“PSP”), Goldman Sachs, BDC Capital, NEC, Aegis Group Partners, and In-Q-Tel.

On February 7, 2022, D-Wave entered into the transaction agreement (as amended by the Amendment to the Transaction Agreement dated June 16, 2022, the “Transaction Agreement”) with DPCM, D-Wave Systems, Merger Sub, CallCo, and ExchangeCo. Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, in a series of transactions including the Arrangement (as defined below), among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into DPCM (the “DPCM Merger”) with DPCM surviving the merger, as a result of which DPCM became a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave, with the stockholders of DPCM receiving Common Shares, and D-Wave Systems became an indirect subsidiary of D-Wave, as detailed below. On August 5, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Transaction and the Arrangement were consummated (the “Closing”).

Immediately following the DPCM Merger, the parties proceeded to effect the Arrangement on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Plan of Arrangement and the Transaction Agreement or made at the direction of the Court in accordance with the Interim Order or the Final Order (as defined below). Pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, (i) CallCo acquired a portion of the issued and outstanding D-Wave Shares from certain holders in exchange for Common Shares in the D-Wave Quantum Share Exchange (as defined below), (ii) CallCo contributed such D-Wave Shares to ExchangeCo in exchange for ExchangeCo Common Shares, (iii) following the D-Wave Quantum Share Exchange, ExchangeCo acquired the remaining issued and outstanding D-Wave Shares from the remaining holders of D-Wave Shares in exchange for Exchangeable Shares and (iv) as a result of the foregoing, D-Wave become a wholly-owned subsidiary of ExchangeCo. The holders of the Exchangeable Shares have certain rights as specified in the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement and the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement, including the right to exchange Exchangeable Shares for Common Shares, subject to the terms and conditions of the Exchangeable Shares (the “Arrangement”). In addition, pursuant to and following the Arrangement, D-Wave Options and D-Wave Warrants became exercisable for Common Shares.

On February 7, 2022, concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the PIPE Investors entered into PIPE Subscription Agreements pursuant to which the PIPE Investors committed to purchase a number of PIPE Shares equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million. On the Closing Date 5,816,528 Common Shares were issued the PIPE Investors in the PIPE Financing, which closed substantially concurrently with Closing.

On June 16, 2022, D-Wave Quantum, D-Wave Systems and DPCM entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from D-Wave Quantum, at the option of D-Wave Quantum, up to $150,000,000 of Common Shares from time to time over a 36-month period following the Commencement Date. In accordance with the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, on the Closing Date, D-Wave Quantum issued 127,180 Common Shares to Lincoln Park in respect of $875,000 of the total Commitment Fee (as defined below). See “—Lincoln Park Transaction” below.

Prior to Closing, DPCM Public Stockholders exercised their redemption rights in respect of 29,097,787 shares of DPCM Class A Common Stock. As a result, immediately prior to the Closing, there were 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A Common Stock outstanding.

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As a result of the Transaction, (i) each outstanding unit of DPCM was separated immediately prior to the Effective Time into one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock and one-third of one warrant exercisable for one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock (each whole warrant, a “Public Warrant”), (ii) immediately prior to Closing, Sponsor forfeited 4,484,425 of its 7,252,500 shares of Class B Common Stock, and, at the Effective Time, each remaining outstanding share of Class B Common Stock was converted into and exchanged for the right to receive one newly issued Common Share, (iii) at the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Class A Common Stock was converted into and exchanged for the right to receive 1.4541326 newly issued Common Shares and (iv) at the Effective Time, pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, as amended by the Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, each Public Warrant and Private Warrant was converted into a Warrant, with each warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares for $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, with the exercise period beginning on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days following the Closing Date.

Following the closing of the PIPE Financing, and after giving pro forma effect to redemptions of shares by DPCM Public Stockholders and the payment of transaction expenses, excluding repayments for loans and promissory notes, the transactions described above generated approximately $34.3 million for D-Wave Quantum.

The Common Shares and Warrants are traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbols “QBTS” and “QBTS.WT,” respectively.

The mailing address of D-Wave’s principal office is 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5G 4M9 Canada and its telephone number is (604) 630-1428.

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement. At the Closing, D-Wave Quantum, Sponsor, the other holders of DPCM Class B Common Stock and each D-Wave Shareholder (such stockholders, the “Registration Rights Holders”), pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, became parties to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, D-Wave Quantum is obligated to file a registration statement to register the resale of certain equity securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders. The Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement also provides the Registration Rights Holders with demand registration rights and “piggy-back” registration rights, in each case, subject to certain requirements and customary conditions. Subject to certain exceptions, the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement further provides for the securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders to be locked-up for a period of time as set forth below.

Founder Lock-up Period. The Founder Lock-Up Period applies to the former holders of shares of DPCM Class B Common Stock who received Common Shares pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and refers to (i) with respect to the Founder Shares, the period ending on the earlier of (A) August 5, 2023, the date that is one (1) year following the Closing and (B) the date on which (x) the last reported sale price of the Common Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30) consecutive trading day period commencing after the one hundred and fiftieth (150th) day following the Closing, or (y) the completion by D-Wave Quantum of a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of D-Wave Quantum’s public shareholders having the right to exchange their Common Shares for cash, securities or other property, and (ii) with respect to the Private Warrants, thirty (30) days after the Closing.

PSP Side Letter Agreement

On September 26, 2022, D-Wave Quantum and PSP entered into an amended and restated side letter agreement (the “PSP Side Letter Agreement”) pursuant to which PSP agreed that for so long as PSP beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares representing 50% or more of the rights to vote at a meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust (i) PSP will not exercise the voting rights attached to any of such shares that would result in PSP voting, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust, more than 49.99% of the voting interests eligible to vote at any meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum and (ii) PSP will vote such shares in favor of the election of the directors that are nominated by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum or a duly authorized committee thereof.

Lincoln Park Transaction

As described above, on June 16, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to an aggregate of $150,000,000 of Common Shares (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the term of the Purchase Agreement. Also on June 16, 2022, we entered into the Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which we have filed with the SEC the First LP Registration Statement and the registration statement that includes this prospectus to register for resale under the Securities Act the Common Shares that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

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Under the First LP Registration Statement, we have registered 15,500,000 Common Shares, all of which have been sold to Lincoln Park to date. In order to continue issuing shares to Lincoln Park up to the $150,000,000 limit, we are registering additional shares under this prospectus. This prospectus covers the resale by Lincoln Park of up to 35,000,000 Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement from time to time. All sales are at our sole discretion.

We have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time to direct Lincoln Park to purchase Common Shares having a value of up to $250,000 on any business day (the “Purchase Date”), which may be increased to up to $1,000,000 depending on certain conditions as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (and subject to adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction as provided in the Purchase Agreement) (each, a “Regular Purchase”). The purchase price per Common Share for a Regular Purchase will be the lower of: (i) the lowest trading price for Common Shares on the applicable Purchase Date and (ii) the average of the three lowest closing sale prices for Common Shares during the ten consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such Purchase Date. The purchase price per Common Share will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, forward or reverse stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute such price.

We also have the right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park on each Purchase Date to make “accelerated purchases” on the following business day (the “Accelerated Purchase Date”) up to the lesser of (i) 300% of the number of Common Shares purchased pursuant to a Regular Purchase or (ii) 30% of the total number (or volume) of Common Shares traded on the NYSE during the period on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date beginning at the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time (as defined below) for such Accelerated Purchase and ending at the Accelerated Purchase Termination Time (as defined below) for such Accelerated Purchase, at a purchase price equal to the lesser of 95% of (x) the closing sale price of Common Shares on the Accelerated Purchase Date and (y) of the volume weighted average price of Common Shares on the Accelerated Purchase Date (during a time period between the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time and the Accelerated Purchase Termination Time) (each, an “Accelerated Purchase”). We have the right in our sole discretion to set a minimum price threshold for each Accelerated Purchase in the notice provided with respect to such Accelerated Purchase and we may direct multiple Accelerated Purchases in a day provided that delivery of Common Shares has been completed with respect to any prior Regular Purchases and Accelerated Purchases that Lincoln Park has purchased.

“Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time” means the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., Eastern time, on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, or such other time publicly announced by the NYSE as the official open (or commencement) of trading on the NYSE on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date.

“Accelerated Purchase Termination Time” means the earliest of (A) 4:00:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, or such other time publicly announced by the NYSE as the official close of trading on the NYSE on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, (B) such time, from and after the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase, that the total number (or volume) of Common Shares traded on the NYSE has exceeded the number of Common Shares equal to (i) the applicable Accelerated Purchase Share Amount (as defined below) to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to the applicable purchase notice delivered for such Accelerated Purchase (the “Accelerated Purchase Notice”), divided by (ii) 30%, and (C) such time, from and after the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase, that the trade price for the Common Shares on the NYSE as reported by the NYSE, has fallen below the applicable minimum per share price threshold set forth in the applicable Accelerated Purchase Notice.

“Accelerated Purchase Share Amount” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase, the number of Common Shares directed by the Company to be purchased by Lincoln Park in an Accelerated Purchase Notice, which number of Common Shares shall not exceed the lesser of (i) 300% of the number of Common Shares directed by the Company to be purchased by Lincoln Park pursuant to the corresponding notice for the corresponding Regular Purchase and (ii) an amount equal to (A) 30% multiplied by (B) the total number (or volume) of Common Shares traded on the NYSE during the period on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date beginning at the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase and ending at the Accelerated Purchase Termination Time for such Accelerated Purchase.

The Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time, at our sole discretion, without any cost or penalty, by giving one business day notice to Lincoln Park to terminate the Purchase Agreement.

Actual sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of Common Shares and determinations by us as to available and appropriate sources of funding for our operations. The Purchase Agreement prohibits us from issuing or selling and Lincoln Park from acquiring any Common Shares if (i) the closing price of the Common Shares is less than the Floor Price of $1.00 or (ii) those Common Shares, when aggregated with all other Common Shares then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates, would result in Lincoln Park and its affiliates having beneficial ownership of more than 9.9% of the then issued and outstanding Common Shares, as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder.

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As of February 9, 2023, there were 127,173,554 Common Shares outstanding, including the Exchangeable Shares and including 15,500,000 Common Shares that we have already issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $150,000,000 of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, only 35,000,000 Common Shares are being offered under this prospectus to Lincoln Park, which may be issued to Lincoln Park in the future under the Purchase Agreement, if and when we sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. Depending on the market prices of Common Shares at the time we elect to issue and sell shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, we may need to register for resale under the Securities Act additional Common Shares in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $150,000,000 total commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. At an assumed average purchase price equal to the Floor Price of $1.00, we would need to register an additional 99,881,540 Common Shares, to bring the total number of shares issued to Lincoln Park to 150,381,540 in order to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. We are not required to register any additional Common Shares.

If all of the 35,000,000 Common Shares offered by Lincoln Park under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, such Common Shares would represent approximately 23.6% of the total number of Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of December 31, 2022 (approximately 17.6% on a fully-diluted basis). If we elect to issue and sell more than the 35,000,000 Common Shares offered under this prospectus to Lincoln Park, which we have the right, but not the obligation, to do, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act any such additional Common Shares, which could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of Common Shares ultimately offered for resale by Lincoln Park is dependent upon the number of Common Shares we sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. On a combined basis with the 89,152,764 Common Shares previously registered on a separate registration statement relating to the issuance to and resale by certain third parties unrelated to Lincoln Park (the “Resale Registration Statement”), the 15,500,000 Common Shares previously registered on the First LP Registration Statement, and the 35,000,000 Common Shares being registered on this Registration Statement, we will have registered 139,652,764 Common Shares that may be sold and/or resold from time to time pursuant to the registration statements which represent approximately 123.2% of the Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of December 31, 2022 (approximately 85.0% on a fully-diluted basis). Any sales of such Common Shares by Lincoln Park could similarly have a significant negative impact on the trading price of Common Shares.

The number of Common Shares ultimately offered for resale by Lincoln Park is dependent upon the number of Common Shares we sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement specifically provides that we may not issue or sell any Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable rules or regulations of the NYSE.

Issuances of Common Shares in this offering will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted as a result of any such issuance. Although the number of Common Shares that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the Common Shares owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares after any such issuance to Lincoln Park.

Other than as described above, there are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Purchase Agreement, and we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, closing conditions and indemnification provisions by, among and for the benefit of the parties. Lincoln Park has agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives or affiliates will enter into or effect, directly or indirectly any short selling or hedging that establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares. There are no limitations on the use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financings (other than restrictions on our ability to enter into a similar type of agreement or equity line of credit during the term of the Purchase Agreement, excluding an At-The-Market transaction with a registered broker-dealer), rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement also includes certain events of default, including, among others, a lapse in the effectiveness or availability of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the suspension of our Common Shares from the NYSE, failure to deliver Common Shares to Lincoln Park within a specified period of time and certain events of bankruptcy. Lincoln Park does not have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon any of the events of default set forth above. During an event of default following any applicable grace or cure period, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, we may not direct Lincoln Park to purchase any Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement.

There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement other than a prohibition on entering into a “Variable Rate Transaction,” as defined in the Purchase Agreement.

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All 35,000,000 Common Shares registered in this offering which have been or may be sold by us to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement are expected to be freely tradable.

See the section entitled “Lincoln Park Transaction” below.

Summary Risk Factors

You should consider all the information contained in this prospectus in making an investment decision with respect to the securities offered under this prospectus. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in the section titled “Risk Factors,” alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may harm D-Wave Quantum’s business, financial condition and operating results. Such risks include, but are not limited to:

| • |  | The sale or issuance of Common Shares to Lincoln Park may cause dilution and the sale of the Common Shares by Lincoln Park that it acquires pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of Common Shares to decrease. In addition, certain of the Selling Securityholders purchased, or are able to purchase, Common Shares at prices that are well below the current trading price of the Common Shares. As a result, the Selling Securityholders may effect sales of Common Shares at prices significantly below the current market price, which could cause market prices to decline further.

| • |  | D-Wave is in its growth stage which makes it difficult to forecast its future results of operations and its funding requirements.

| • |  | D-Wave has a history of losses and expects to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.

| • |  | If D-Wave does not adequately fund its research and development efforts or use research and development teams effectively or build a sufficient number of annealing quantum computer production systems, it may not be able to achieve its technological goals, meet customer and market demand, or compete effectively and D-Wave’s business and operating results may be harmed.

| • |  | D-Wave depends on its ability to retain existing senior management and other key employees and qualified, skilled personnel and to attract new individuals to fill these roles as needed. If D-Wave is unable to do so, such failure could adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

| • |  | D-Wave expects to require additional capital to pursue its business objectives, growth strategy and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, and it may be unable to raise capital or additional financing when needed on acceptable terms, or at all.

| • |  | D-Wave’s industry is competitive on a global scale, from both quantum and classical competitors, and D-Wave may not be successful in competing in this industry or establishing and maintaining confidence in its long-term business prospects among current and future partners and customers, which would materially harm its reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

| • |  | Any cybersecurity-related attack, significant data breach or disruption of the information technology systems, infrastructure, network, third-party processors or platforms on which D-Wave relies could damage D-Wave’s reputation and adversely affect its business and financial results.

| • |  | Market adoption of cloud-based online quantum computing platform solutions is relatively new and unproven and may not grow as D-Wave expects and, even if market demand increases, the demand for D-Wave’s QCaaS may not increase, or certain customers may be reluctant to use a cloud-based QCaaS for applications, all of which may harm D-Wave’s business and results of operations.

| • |  | D-Wave may in the future be adversely affected by continuation or worsening of the global COVID-19 pandemic, its various strains or future pandemics.

| • |  | System failures, interruptions, delays in service, catastrophic events, inadequate infrastructure and resulting interruptions in the availability or functionality of D-Wave’s products and services could harm its reputation or subject D-Wave to significant liability, and adversely affect its business, financial condition and operating results.

| • |  | D-Wave may be unable to obtain, maintain and protect its intellectual property or prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of its intellectual property, which could cause it to lose the competitive advantage resulting from its intellectual property.

| • |  | D-Wave’s patent applications may not result in issued patents or its patent rights may be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope, any of which could have a material adverse effect on D-Wave’s ability to prevent others from interfering with the commercialization of its products and services.

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| • |  | D-Wave may face patent infringement and other intellectual property claims that could be costly to defend, result in injunctions and significant damage awards or other costs. If third parties claim that D-Wave Quantum infringes upon or otherwise violates their intellectual property rights, D-Wave’s business could be adversely affected.

| • |  | If the Transaction’s benefits do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of D-Wave’s securities, may decline.

| • |  | Uncertainty about the effect of the Transaction may affect D-Wave’s ability to retain key employees and integrate management structures and may materially impact the management, strategy and results of its operation as a combined company.

| • |  | Financial projections with respect to D-Wave may not prove to be reflective of actual financial results.

| • |  | The historical financial results of D-Wave and unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus may not be indicative of what D-Wave’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been if it were a public company.

| • |  | D-Wave may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, or D-Wave may be subject to restructuring, impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on D-Wave’s financial condition, results of operations and the price of D-Wave’s securities, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

| • |  | The stock price of Common Shares has been and may continue to be volatile or may decline regardless of D-Wave’s operating performance.

| • |  | D-Wave may amend the terms of the Warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders with the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding Warrants.

| • |  | D-Wave may issue additional Common Shares or other equity securities without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of the Common Shares.

| • |  | The amended and restated certificate of incorporation of D-Wave (the “D-Wave Quantum Charter”) contains anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights of its stockholders.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

In April 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” may take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Therefore, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies. In addition, as an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. D-Wave Quantum will take advantage of these exemptions until such earlier time that it is no longer an emerging growth company. D-Wave Quantum will cease to be an emerging growth company on the date that is the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of our first public offering of securities; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenue is equal to or more than $1.07 billion; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.

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THE OFFERING

Issuer |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc.
Securities offered by the Selling Stockholder |  | 35,000,000 Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park, from time to time, in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. All sales are at our sole discretion.
Common Shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering |  | 162,173,554 Common Shares (including outstanding Exchangeable Shares), assuming a sale of 35,000,000 Common Shares under this prospectus. The actual number of Common Shares issued will vary depending on the prices at which we sell Common Shares, if any, to Lincoln Park.
Use of proceeds |  | We will receive no proceeds from the sale of Common Shares by Lincoln Park in this offering. We may receive up to $150,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date that the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective. Any proceeds we receive, we intend to use for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions and other business opportunities and the repayment of indebtedness. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.
NYSE ticker symbol |  | Our Common Shares are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbol “QBTS”.
Risk Factors |  | Any investment in the securities offered hereby is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Unless we specifically state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the information above is as of September 30, 2022 and does not give effect to issuances of Common Shares, warrants or options to purchase Common Shares, or the exercise of warrants or options after such date, and excludes:

| • |  | 16,965,849 shares initially reserved under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”);

| • |  | 8,036,455 shares initially reserved under the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”);

| • |  | 2,889,282 Common Shares underlying D-Wave Warrants;

| • |  | 26,059,361 Common Shares underlying Warrants; and

| • |  | 14,847,108 Common Shares underlying outstanding D-Wave Options.

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth a summary of our historical consolidated financial data as of and for the periods indicated. We have derived the summary condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 from the condensed consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Quantum Inc. as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and the audited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Systems Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, included in this prospectus. We have derived the summary condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 from the condensed consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Quantum Inc. as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. We have derived the summary condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 from the condensed consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Systems Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. You should read this data together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus and the information in the sections titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary consolidated financial data included in this section are not intended to replace the consolidated financial statements and related notes and are qualified in their entirety by our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other period and our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other period. The historical financial information for the periods prior to the completion of the Transaction on August 5, 2022, is that of D-Wave Systems and the historical financial information for the periods ended subsequent to the completion of the Transaction, is that of D-Wave Quantum.

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D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 13,764 |  |  | $ | 9,483 |
Trade accounts receivable, net |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | 421 |
Receivable research incentives |  |  | 1,052 |  |  |  | 4,774 |
Inventories |  |  | 2,533 |  |  |  | 2,114 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 8,190 |  |  |  | 1,116 |
Deferred offering costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,250 |
Total current assets |  | $ | 26,279 |  |  | $ | 19,158 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 2,537 |  |  |  | 3,249 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 8,066 |  |  |  | 8,578 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 272 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 1,345 |  |  |  | 1,353 |
Total assets |  | $ | 38,489 |  |  | $ | 32,610 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts payable |  |  | 3,158 |  |  |  | 2,109 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 5,318 |  |  |  | 3,614 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,461 |  |  |  | 1,687 |
Loans payable, current |  |  | 2,232 |  |  |  | 220 |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 1,989 |  |  |  | 2,665 |
Promissory note — related party |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 14,578 |  |  |  | 10,295 |
Warrant liabilities |  |  | 5,498 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 6,211 |  |  |  | 6,990 |
Loans payable, noncurrent |  |  | 12,912 |  |  |  | 12,233 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 39,199 |  |  | $ | 29,590 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock*, no par value; nil shares and 122,564,333 shares authorized as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; nil shares and 122,564,333 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,881 |
Common stock*, par value $0.0001 per share; 675,000,000 shares and unlimited shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 110,377,357 shares and 2,817,498 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 372,840 |  |  |  | 148,850 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (363,136 | ) |  |  | (325,268 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (10,425 | ) |  |  | (10,443 | )
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity |  | $ | (710 | ) |  | $ | 3,020 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 38,489 |  |  | $ | 32,610 |

* | Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Transaction.

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D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

|  | For the nine months ended September 30, |  |  | For the year ended December 31, |
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenue |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 3,853 |  |  | $ | 6,279 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,778 |  |  |  | 873 |  |  |  | 1,750 |  |  |  | 915 |
Total gross profit |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | 4,529 |  |  |  | 4,245 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 20,933 |  |  |  | 19,268 |  |  |  | 25,401 |  |  |  | 20,411 |
General and administrative |  |  | 14,527 |  |  |  | 7,831 |  |  |  | 11,897 |  |  |  | 11,587 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 5,438 |  |  |  | 3,975 |  |  |  | 6,179 |  |  |  | 3,714 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 40,898 |  |  |  | 31,074 |  |  |  | 43,477 |  |  |  | 35,712 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (37,898 | ) |  |  | (28,094 | ) |  |  | (38,948 | ) |  |  | (31,467 | )
Other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (3,874 | ) |  |  | (590 | ) |  |  | (1,728 | ) |  |  | (5,257 | )
Government assistance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,146 |  |  |  | 7,167 |  |  |  | 12,027 |
Gain on debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,873 |
Gain on settlement of warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,836 |
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,164 |  |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 2,603 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Other income, net |  |  | 1,301 |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | 2,969 |
Total other income, net |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 10,389 |  |  |  | 7,403 |  |  |  | 21,448 |
Net loss |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | ) |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | )
Weighted-average shares* used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted |  |  | 122,337,727 |  |  |  | 125,331,065 |  |  |  | 111,911,127 |  |  |  | 121,358,898 |
Comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | ) |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (82 | )
Net comprehensive loss |  | $ | (37,850 | ) |  | $ | (17,665 | ) |  | $ | (31,530 | ) |  | $ | (10,101 | )
Non-GAAP Financial Measures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA+ |  | $ | (32,709 | ) |  | $ | (26,404 | ) |  | $ | (35,674 | ) |  | $ | (26,592 | )

* | Weighted-average shares have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Transaction.

+ | Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net loss, the closest comparable GAAP financial measure for the historical data contained herein, see the table below.

To supplement the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, we use non-GAAP measures of certain components of financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not required by or presented in accordance with GAAP. Management believes that this measure provides investors an additional meaningful method to evaluate certain aspects of such results period over period. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation, remeasurements of liability-classified warrants, and other nonrecurring nonoperating income and expenses. We use Adjusted EBITDA to measure the operating performance of our business, excluding specifically identified items that we do not believe directly reflect our core operations and may not be indicative of our recurring operations. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP, and our presentation of non-GAAP measures may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. The following table shows the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, its most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated:

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|  | For the nine months ended September 30, |  |  | For the year ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net loss |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | ) |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,119 | )
Excluding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and Amortization |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 1,534 |  |  |  | 1,886 |
Stock based compensation |  |  | 3,695 |  |  |  | 555 |  |  |  | 1,739 |  |  |  | 2,989 |
Interest expense (1) |  |  | 3,874 |  |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 1,728 |  |  |  | 5,257 |
Government assistance (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,146 | ) |  |  | (7,167 | ) |  |  | (12,027 | )
Gain on debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,873 | )
Gain on settlement of warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,836 | )
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,164 | ) |  |  | (1,163 | ) |  |  | — |
Other Income (expense), net (3) |  |  | (1,301 | ) |  |  | (669 | ) |  |  | (801 | ) |  |  | (2,969 | )
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | (2,603 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Non-recurring one time expenses (4) |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (32,709 | ) |  | $ | (26,404 | ) |  | $ | (35,674 | ) |  | $ | (26,592 | )

(1) | Interest expense primarily reflects the accrued interest associated with the below market interest rate government loans as if they were interest-bearing at market rates of interest, and the interest and amortization of the final fee associated with the Venture Loan (as defined below).

(2) | Government assistance reflects the imputed benefit arising from the difference between the market rate of interest and the rate of interest charged on the government loans.

(3) | Other Income (expense), net consists primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses, and it is included in the above table to facilitate the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss.

(4) | Non-recurring one time expenses related to legal, consulting, and accounting fees associated with the Transaction.

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RISK FACTORS

In this section, unless otherwise specified, the terms “we”, “our”, “us,” “D-Wave,” and “D-Wave Quantum” refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Investment in our securities involves risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this prospectus, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus. You should carefully review and consider the following risk factors and the other information contained in this prospectus, including the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein, in evaluating an investment in D-Wave’s securities. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on the business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations of D-Wave. The risks discussed below may not prove to be exhaustive and are based on certain assumptions made by us that later may prove to be incorrect or incomplete. We may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us, or that are currently deemed immaterial, which may also impair D-Wave’s business or financial condition. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein and “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” included herein.

Risks Related to the Offering

The sale or issuance of Common Shares to Lincoln Park may cause dilution and the sale of the Common Shares by Lincoln Park that it acquires pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of Common Shares to decrease. In addition, certain of the Selling Securityholders purchased, or are able to purchase, Common Shares at prices that are well below the current trading price of the Common Shares. As a result, the Selling Securityholders may effect sales of Common Shares at prices significantly below the current market price, which could cause market prices to decline further.

On June 16, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $150.0 million of Common Shares. On August 5, 2022, and August 25, 2022, we issued 127,180 Common Shares and 254,360 Common Shares, respectively, to Lincoln Park as Commitment Shares. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park agreed to purchase from us a total of up to $150.0 million of Common Shares from time to time over a 36-month period (any such Common Shares, the “Purchased Shares”). The purchase price for the Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the trading price of Common Shares. We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any future sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park. Additional sales of Common Shares, if any, to Lincoln Park will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. While the Purchase Agreement limits the rate at which we can sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, due to the significant number of Common Shares that were redeemed in connection with the Transaction, the number of Common Shares that we can sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement could constitute a considerable percentage of our public float at the time of such sales. As a result, the resale by Lincoln Park of Purchased Shares pursuant to this prospectus could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of Common Shares. The 35,000,000 Common Shares that may be resold into the public markets pursuant to this prospectus represent approximately 27.5% of the Common Shares outstanding as of February 9, 2023 (including Exchangeable Shares), prior to giving effect to this offering. We may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all, some or none of the Common Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

For illustrative purposes, at an approximate minimum average purchase price of $2.97 per Common Share, the offering of Common Shares pursuant to this prospectus (which provides for the sale of 35,000,000 Common Shares) when combined with the 15,500,000 Common Shares previously registered on the First LP Registration Statement, would be sufficient to sell the entirety of the $150 million of Common Shares permitted to be sold to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. At a lower average purchase price per share, the registration of additional Common Shares would be required if we sought to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares. At an assumed average purchase price equal to the Floor Price of $1.00, we would need to register an additional 99,881,540 Common Shares (or 150,381,540 Common Shares in aggregate, which includes the 15,500,000 Common Shares previously registered on the First LP Registration Statement) in order to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. Assuming that the Common Shares were sold, both for this offering and the offering under the First LP Registration Statement, at an average price equal to the Floor Price of $1.00 per Share and that we were to register sufficient additional Common Shares in order to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, after giving effect to the assumed sale of such 150,000,000 Common Shares and after deducting estimated offering expenses of $500,000 payable by us, our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2022 would have been approximately $140.5 million, or $0.54 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.62 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of $0.46 per Common Share to investors in this offering.

If and when we do sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, after Lincoln Park has acquired such Common Shares, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of such Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion, subject to compliance with securities laws. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of its Common Shares. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that it might otherwise wish to effect sales. See “Lincoln Park Transaction” on page 147 for more information regarding the Purchase Agreement.

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Any sales of Common Shares into the public market could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of our Common Shares. This impact may be heightened by the fact that sales to Lincoln Park will generally be at prices below the then current trading price of the Common Shares pursuant to the pricing formula contemplated by the Purchase Agreement. See “Lincoln Park Transaction.” If the trading price of our Common Shares declines, sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement may be a less attractive source of capital and/or may not allow us to raise capital at rates that would be possible if the trading price of our Common Shares was higher.

In addition, we have filed the Resale Registration Statement, which registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on October 26, 2022, registering the issuance to and resale by certain third parties unrelated to Lincoln Park of up to an aggregate of 89,152,764 Common Shares and 8,000,000 Warrants issued prior to, or in connection with, the Transaction. The Common Shares being registered for resale by such third parties into the public markets pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement represent a substantial majority of the number of Common Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022, and the number of Common Shares that the Selling Securityholders may sell into the public markets pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement may exceed our public float. The 89,152,764 Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Warrants and Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares (as defined below)) that may be resold pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement represent approximately 79% of the Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of December 31, 2022 (approximately 54% on a fully-diluted basis). On a combined basis with the 89,152,764 Common Shares previously registered on the Resale Registration Statement, the 15,500,000 Common Shares previously registered on the First LP Registration Statement and the 35,000,000 Common Shares being registered on this registration statement, we will have registered 139,652,764 Common Shares that may be sold and/or resold from time to time pursuant to the registration statements which represent approximately 123.2% of the Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of December 31, 2022 (approximately 85.0% on a fully-diluted basis). The shareholders selling pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement will determine the timing, pricing and rate at which they sell such shares into the public market and such sales could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of Common Shares. Although the current trading price or Common Shares is below $10.00 per share, which was the sales price for DPCM Units in the DPCM initial public offering (the “DPCM IPO”), certain of the investors who have resale rights under the Resale Registration Statement have an incentive to sell because they purchased Common Shares (or securities underlying Common Shares) and/or Warrants at prices below the DPCM IPO price. Sales by such investors may prevent the trading price of our securities from exceeding the initial public offering price and may cause the trading prices of our securities to experience a further decline.

See “—We may issue additional Common Shares or other equity securities without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of the Common Shares.”

Our management team may invest or spend the proceeds of this offering in ways with which you may not agree or in ways which may not yield a significant return.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from the sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any. We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions and other business opportunities and the repayment of indebtedness. Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the proceeds from the sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether such proceeds are being used appropriately. The proceeds from the sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, may be used for corporate purposes that do not increase our operating results or enhance the value of Common Shares.

The terms of the Purchase Agreement limit the amount of Common Shares we may sell to Lincoln Park and the trading price of the Common Shares may decline as a result of the sale of Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or under the Resale Registration Statement, each of which may limit our ability to utilize the Purchase Agreement to enhance our cash resources.

The Purchase Agreement includes restrictions on our ability to sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, including: a Floor Price of $1.00 below which D-Wave Quantum may not sell any Common Shares to Lincoln Park unless and until the price of our Common Shares subsequently exceeds the Floor Price; and, subject to specified limitations, if a sale would cause Lincoln Park and its affiliates to beneficially own more than 9.9% of our issued and outstanding Common Shares (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The price of our Common Shares has been as low as $1.02 on January 9, 2023, which is only slightly above the Floor Price required to satisfy the Floor Price Limitation. Accordingly, we may be unable to sell any or all of the remaining $150.0 million of Common Shares in this offering, which would have an adverse impact on our ability to satisfy our capital needs and could materially adversely impact our business. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

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In addition, there is a risk that the sale of a substantial number of our Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or the Resale Registration Statement will have a depressive effect on the price of our Common Shares, which may affect the ability or rate at which Lincoln Park may sell Common Shares, will increase the likelihood that we would need to register a significant amount of additional Common Shares to sell all $150.0 million of Common Shares in this offering and, as a result of the foregoing, may restrict the amount or timing of additional financing we are able to obtain pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in light of the Floor Price Limitation and the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. If we cannot sell the full amount of the Common Shares that Lincoln Park has committed to purchase because of these limitations, we may be required to utilize more costly and time-consuming means of accessing the capital markets, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and cash position. If we choose to sell more Common Shares than are offered under this prospectus, assuming that we are not constrained from doing so as a result of the Floor Price Limitation, Beneficial Ownership Limitation, market or other conditions, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act such additional Common Shares.

We expect to require additional capital to pursue our business objectives, growth strategy and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, and we may be unable to raise capital or additional financing when needed on acceptable terms, or at all.

We expect to seek additional equity or debt financing in the future to fund our growth, such as use of the committed funds under the Purchase Agreement, increase the capabilities of our annealing quantum computers, develop gate-model quantum computers, enhance our platform-as-a-service and other products and services, expand go-to-market functions and drive market demand, grow and manage our professional services offerings, respond to competitive pressures or make acquisitions or other investments. Our business plans may change, general economic, financial or political conditions in our markets may deteriorate or other circumstances may arise, in each case that have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and the anticipated cash needs of our business. Any of these events or circumstances could result in significant additional funding needs, requiring us to raise additional capital. We cannot predict the timing or amount of any such capital requirements at this time. If financing is not available on satisfactory terms, or at all, we may be unable to expand our business at the rate desired and our results of operations may suffer. In addition, any financing through issuances of equity securities would be dilutive to holders of our shares.

D-Wave Quantum is required to satisfy certain conditions in order to be able to commence purchases by Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. Once such conditions are satisfied, certain purchases by Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement are subject to ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at which D-Wave Quantum may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. If any of these conditions are not satisfied or limitations are in effect, we may not be able to utilize all or part of the committed funds under the Purchase Agreement, which would have an adverse impact on our ability to satisfy our capital needs and could materially adversely impact our business. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

D-Wave Quantum generally has the right to control the timing and amount of any future sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park. Additional sales of Common Shares, if any, to Lincoln Park will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by D-Wave Quantum.

D-Wave Quantum may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all, some or none of the Common Shares that may be available for D-Wave Quantum to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. After this registration statement becomes effective, if and when D-Wave Quantum does sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by D-Wave Quantum could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of Common Shares. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for D-Wave Quantum to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at prices that it might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Sales of a substantial amount of the Common Shares in the public markets, or the perception that such sales may occur, may cause the market price of the Common Shares to decline.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, following the consummation of the Transaction and subject to certain exceptions the Initial Stockholders and D-Wave Equityholders who received Common Shares as consideration pursuant to the Transaction Agreement are contractually restricted from selling or transferring any of their shares.

However, following the expiration of the D-Wave Lock-Up Period and the Founder Lock-up Period, as applicable, such Initial Stockholders and D-Wave Equityholders will not be restricted from selling Common Shares held by them, other than by applicable securities laws. In particular, the D-Wave Lock-Up Period expired on February 5, 2023, resulting in approximately 99.7 million Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares) becoming available for resale, approximately 44.7 million of which are currently registered for resale pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale”. As such, sales of a substantial number of Common Shares in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of Common Shares.

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As restrictions on resale end and registration statements, such as this one, are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares could have the effect of increasing the volatility in the price of the Common Shares or the market price of the Common Shares could decline if the holders of currently restricted Common Shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. Moreover, the sale of shares under the Purchase Agreement or the Resale Registration Statement, any announcement or other public disclosure regarding such sales should they occur, the perceived risk of such sales, the dilution that would result from such sales should they occur and the resulting downward pressure on our share price as a result of the foregoing could encourage investors to engage in short sales of the Common Shares. By increasing the number of Common Shares offered for sale as a result of the resale registration statements we have filed, material amounts of short selling could further contribute to progressive price declines in our Common Shares.

After this registration statement becomes effective, if and when D-Wave Quantum does sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by D-Wave Quantum could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of Common Shares. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for D-Wave Quantum to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at prices that it might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

We may issue additional Common Shares or other equity securities without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of the Common Shares.

We may issue additional shares of common stock or other equity securities of equal or senior rank in the future in connection with, among other things, financings, future acquisitions, repayment of outstanding indebtedness, employee benefit plans and exercises of outstanding options, warrants and other convertible securities without stockholder approval, in a number of circumstances.

On June 16, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us, at our option, up to $150,000,000 of Common Shares from time to time over a 36-month period following the Commencement Date. The Purchase Agreement is subject to certain limitations including but not limited to, the Floor Price Limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the filing and effectiveness of this registration statement. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we also agreed to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee of $2,625,000. We paid the Commitment Fee entirely in Common Shares, in two tranches consisting of 127,180 and 254,360 Common Shares issued on August 5, 2022 and August 25, 2022, respectively.

If and when we do sell shares to Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of those Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us under the Purchase Agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of Common Shares. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of Common Shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with Lincoln Park may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. While we are currently registering only 35,000,000 Common Shares, we may register and issue up to 150,381,540 Common Shares in total to Lincoln Park if, for example, all the Common Shares were issued to Lincoln Park at the Floor Price of $1.00. As of December 31, 2022, we have sold 1,878,806 Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, not including the Commitment Shares.

For illustrative purposes, the following table sets forth the total number of Common Shares that would need to be sold at varying assumed average purchase prices per share in order to achieve $150,000,000 of gross proceeds from our sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. However, as described elsewhere in this prospectus, our use of the Purchase Agreement may be limited as a result of the Floor Price Limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, market and other conditions, such that we may not be able to achieve $150,000,000 of gross proceeds from sales to Lincoln Park, or even a substantial portion of such proceeds. See “—The terms of the Purchase Agreement limit the amount of Common Shares we may sell to Lincoln Park and the trading price

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of the Common Shares may decline as a result of the sale of Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or under the Resale Registration Statement, each of which may limit our ability to utilize the Purchase Agreement to enhance our cash resources”:

Assumed Average Purchase Price Per Share |  | Number of Common Shares that may be Issued if Full Purchases Made under the Purchase Agreement(1) |  |  | Proceeds from the Sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park Under the Purchase Agreement |
$14.00 |  |  | 11,095,825 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$13.00 |  |  | 11,920,001 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$12.00 |  |  | 12,881,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$11.00 |  |  | 14,017,903 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$10.00 |  |  | 15,381,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$9.00 |  |  | 17,048,207 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$8.00 |  |  | 19,131,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$7.00 |  |  | 21,810,111 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$6.00 |  |  | 25,381,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$5.00 |  |  | 30,381,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$4.00 |  |  | 37,881,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$3.00 |  |  | 50,381,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$2.00 |  |  | 75,381,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$1.44(2) |  |  | 104,548,206 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |
$1.00(3) |  |  | 150,381,540 |  |  | $ | 150,000,000 |

(1) | Includes the 381,540 Commitment Shares previously issued to Lincoln Park.

(2) | The closing sale price of our shares on December 30, 2022.

(3) | The Floor Price under the Purchase Agreement.

Our issuance of additional shares of common stock or other equity securities of equal or senior rank would have the following effects:

| • |  | holders of Common Shares’ proportionate ownership interest in D-Wave Quantum would decrease;

| • |  | the amount of cash available per share, including for payment of dividends (if any) in the future, may decrease;

| • |  | the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding share of Common Shares may be diminished; and

| • |  | the market price of the Common Shares may decline.

Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Financial Condition and Status as an Early-Stage Company

We are in our growth stage which makes it difficult to forecast our future results of operations and our funding requirements.

Near term, our ability to generate revenue will largely be dependent on our ability to continue to develop and produce annealing quantum computers and hybrid quantum-classical solvers that are able to solve customer business problems at scale. Longer term, our ability to generate revenue will also be dependent on our ability to develop, produce and commercialize gate-model quantum computers. We have commercialized annealing quantum computers, but we have not yet commercialized a gate-model quantum computer. Our product roadmap may not be realized as quickly as hoped, or at all.

Our ability to scale our business is dependent upon building referenceable quantum-hybrid applications. Additionally, we must accelerate sales cycles to meet revenue projections and our business depends on our ability to successfully upsell customers through our on-board process and move them into production applications.

The development of our scalable business model will require the incurrence of a substantially higher level of costs than incurred to date, while our revenues may not substantially increase until more powerful products are produced, which requires a number of technological advancements which may not occur on the currently anticipated timetable or at all. As a result, our historical results should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Further, in future periods, our growth could slow or decline for any number of reasons, including but not limited to failing to achieve targeted demand for our services, increased competition, changes to technology, inability to scale up our technology, a decrease in the growth of the overall market, or our failure, for any reason, to continue to take advantage of growth opportunities.

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We have also encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and our future growth are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results and our funding needs could differ materially from our expectations, and our business could suffer. Our success as a business ultimately relies upon fundamental research and development breakthroughs in the coming years and decade. There is no certainty these research and development milestones will be achieved for the costs we have forecast or as quickly as hoped, or at all.

We have a history of losses and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.

We have incurred net losses since inception and experienced negative cash flows from operations. To date, our primary sources of capital have been through private placements of convertible preferred shares, revenue from the sale of our products and services, government assistance and the Venture Loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $37.9 million and $17.7 million, respectively. We expect to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future as we operate as a public company and continue to invest in research and development and go-to-market programs. We have determined that additional financing will be required to fund our operations for the next 12 months and our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining additional capital and financing. Due to the large number of DPCM stockholders that exercised their redemption rights in connection with the Transaction, only approximately $9 million of cash from the Trust Account became available to D-Wave Quantum as of the closing of the Transaction, out of approximately $300 million that had been available, which significantly reduced the potential enhancement to our liquidity and capital resources that was sought to be achieved through the Transaction. If D-Wave is unable to obtain additional financing, operations may be scaled back or discontinued. These conditions give rise to material uncertainties that may cast substantial doubt on the ability of D-Wave to continue as a going concern.

In addition, in connection with the Transaction, the board of directors of DPCM considered, among other things, internal financial forecasts prepared by, or at the direction of, the management of D-Wave Quantum (the “Transaction Forecasts”). None of these projections or forecasts were prepared with a view towards public disclosure or compliance with the published guidelines of the SEC, U.S. GAAP, IFRS or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation and presentation of financial forecasts. Neither DPCM’s independent registered public accounting firm nor D-Wave Quantum’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP have audited, reviewed, examined, compiled nor applied agreed-upon procedures with respect to the unaudited prospective financial information, and accordingly, they do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. Any projections and forecasts were inherently based on various estimates and assumptions that were subject to the judgment of those preparing them. Projections and forecasts were also subject to significant economic, competitive, industry and other uncertainties and contingencies, all of which were difficult or impossible to predict and many of which were beyond the control of D-Wave Quantum. With respect to certain key metrics, including revenue, we do not anticipate meeting the Transaction Forecasts due primarily to (i) the timing of closing the Transaction in August 2022, which was later than the assumed closing in June 2022, and (ii) the significant redemptions of DPCM stockholders, which has adversely affected our liquidity position and ability to pursue certain growth opportunities, and which will require us to seek alternative sources of financing as described below. See “—General Risk Factors—Financial projections with respect to D-Wave Quantum may not prove to be reflective of actual financial results.”

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations as we continue to grow our business. We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our QCaaS offering and our professional services, we expect to finance our cash needs through public and/or private equity (including sales pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, assuming we are able to make such sales) and/or debt financings or other capital sources, including strategic partnerships. However, we may be unable to raise sufficient funds or enter into such other arrangements, when needed, on favorable terms or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be, or could be, diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our shareholders. Debt financing and equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends.

Following the Transaction, we had 18,000,000 Warrants outstanding (17,916,560 Warrants as of December 31, 2022), each Warrant being exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares at an exercise price of $11.50. Whether warrantholders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds we would receive upon exercise, is dependent upon the trading price of the Common Shares. Therefore, if and when the trading price of the Common Shares is less than approximately $7.91, the effective exercise price of the Warrants per one Common Share, we expect that warrantholders would not exercise their Warrants. We could receive up to an aggregate of approximately $207 million if all of the Warrants are exercised for cash, but we would only receive such proceeds if and

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when the warrantholders exercise the Warrants. The Warrants may not be or remain in the money during the period they are exercisable and prior to their expiration, and the Warrants may not be exercised prior to their maturity on August 5, 2027, even if they are in the money, and as such, the Warrants may expire worthless and we may receive minimal proceeds, if any, from the exercise of Warrants. To the extent that any of the Warrants are exercised on a “cashless basis,” we will not receive any proceeds upon such exercise. As a result, we do not expect to rely on the cash exercise of Warrants to fund our operations. Instead, we intend to rely on other sources of cash discussed below to continue to fund our operations. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

We have not yet achieved profitability on an annual or quarterly basis and we do not know if we will be able to achieve or sustain, if achieved, profitability. We plan to continue to invest in our research and development, sales, marketing and professional services efforts, and we anticipate that our operating expenses will continue to increase as we scale our business and expand our operations. Our general and administrative expenses have increased and are expected to continue to increase as a result of our growth and operating as a public company. We have determined that additional financing will be required to fund our operations for the next 12 months and our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining additional capital and financing. Our expenses may be greater than we anticipate, and our investments intended to reach our technical targets and scale our business and make our technical infrastructure more efficient may not be successful. Our ability to achieve and sustain profitability is based on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. We may never be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability.

On June 16, 2022, D-Wave Quantum, D-Wave Systems and DPCM entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from D-Wave Quantum, at the option of D-Wave Quantum, up to $150,000,000 of Common Shares from time to time over a 36-month period following the Commencement Date. However, the Purchase Agreement to fund operations is subject to significant limitations, including but not limited to, the Floor Price Limitation, the Beneficial Ownership limitation and the filing and effectiveness of this registration statement. We believe that the funds available under the Purchase Agreement would be sufficient to fund our operations for at least 18 months, subject to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement. We are aware, however, that this offering and the use of the Purchase Agreement to fund operations may cause significant dilution, depress our share price, and make it more difficult to achieve the required financing. See, generally “—Risks Related to the Offering.”

In addition, we may make decisions that would reduce our short-term operating results if we believe those decisions will improve the experiences of our customers or if we believe such decisions will improve our operating results over the long-term. These decisions may not be consistent with the expectations of investors and may not produce the long-term benefits we expect, in which case our business may be materially and adversely affected. See “Liquidity and going concern” in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Systems as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of D-Wave as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 3021 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

If we do not adequately fund our research and development efforts or use research and development teams effectively or build a sufficient number of annealing quantum computer production systems, we may not be able to achieve our technological goals, build sufficient systems, meet customer and market demand, or compete effectively and our business and operating results may be harmed.

To remain competitive, we must continue to develop new product offerings and reach technological milestones, as well as add features and enhancements to our existing platform and products. Maintaining adequate research and development personnel and resources to meet the demands of the market is essential. If we experience high employee or management turnover, or a lack of other research and development resources, we may miss market opportunities. The success of our business is dependent on our research and development teams developing a roadmap that allows us to achieve technical milestones for both annealing and gate-model quantum computing, including with respect to our hybrid solvers and our Leap and Ocean platforms, retain and increase the spending of our existing customers and attract new customers. The computing industry is quickly evolving and we may invest significantly in particular functionality or integrations that may become obsolete in the future, and any future product offerings, features or enhancements that we develop may be unsuccessful. The success of any new product offerings, enhancements or features depends on several factors, including our understanding of market demand, timely execution, successful introduction, and market acceptance. We may not successfully develop new features or enhance our existing platform and products to meet customer needs or our new products, features or enhancements may not achieve adequate acceptance in the market. Additionally, our improvements and enhancements may not result in our ability to recoup our investments in a timely manner, or at all. We may make significant investments in new offerings, features or enhancements that may not achieve expected returns. Further, many of our competitors may expend a considerably greater amount of funds on their research and development programs, and those that do not may be acquired by larger companies that would allocate greater resources to our competitors’ research and development programs. Our failure to maintain adequate research and development resources, to use our research and development resources efficiently or to compete effectively with the research and development programs of our competitors could materially adversely affect our business.

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Our estimates of the magnitude of the market opportunity, forecasts of market growth and our operating metrics may prove to be inaccurate and may not be indicative of our future growth.

Our estimates of market opportunity included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate and may not be indicative of our future growth or performance. Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. While our estimate of the TAM included in this prospectus is made in good faith and is based on assumptions and estimates we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, this estimate may not prove to be accurate. Further, even if the estimate of our market opportunity does prove to be accurate, we could fail to capture significant portions, or any portion, of the available markets. Alternatives to our quantum computing products may present themselves and if they do, could substantially reduce the market for our computing services. Advances in classical computing may prove more robust for longer than currently anticipated and could adversely affect the timing of any quantum advantage being achieved, if at all. Any expansions in our markets depend on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our products and services. In making such forecasts, we rely on data provided by industry sources and customers, among other things, that we have not independently verified and such data may not be accurate, and any inaccuracy will affect the accuracy of our forecasts. The accuracy of our forecasts may also be affected by human error in the interpretation of such data.

Our business could be harmed if we fail to manage growth effectively.

If we fail to manage growth effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed. We anticipate that a period of significant expansion will be required to address potential growth. This expansion will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. Expansion will require significant cash investments and management resources. Such investments may not result in additional sales of our products or services, and we may not be able to avoid cost overruns or be able to hire additional personnel as required. In addition, we will also need to ensure our compliance with regulatory requirements in various jurisdictions applicable to the sale, installation and servicing of our products. To manage the growth of our operations and personnel, we must establish appropriate and scalable operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and establish and maintain a qualified finance, administrative and operations staff. We may be unable to acquire the necessary capabilities and personnel required to manage growth or to identify, manage and exploit potential strategic relationships and market opportunities. The growth we have experienced in our business places significant demands on our operational infrastructure. The scalability and flexibility of our platform depends on the functionality of our technology and network infrastructure and its ability to handle increased traffic and demand for processing and bandwidth. Any problems with the transmission of increased data and requests could result in harm to our brand or reputation.

Our growth has placed, and will likely continue to place, a significant strain on our managerial, administrative, operational, financial and other resources. As we grow, we will be required to continue to improve our operational and financial controls and reporting procedures and we may not be able to do so effectively. Furthermore, some members of our management do not have significant experience managing a large global business operation, so our management may not be able to manage such growth effectively. As such, we may be unable to manage our revenue and expenses effectively in the future, which may negatively impact our gross profit or operating expenses. In managing our growing operations, we are also subject to the risks of over-hiring and/or overcompensating our employees and over-expanding our operating infrastructure. We intend to further expand our overall business, including headcount, with no assurance that our revenues will continue to grow. In addition, North America is currently experiencing one of the most competitive markets for human capital talent in recent times. Coupled with the incredibly complex nature of the quantum industry, we may face significant challenges and delays in hiring and challenges with employee retention.

If we fail to attract new customers and retain and increase the spending of existing customers, our revenue, business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects would be harmed.

Even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Our success will depend upon our ability to expand our platform’s capabilities, scale our operations, increase our sales capability and successfully complete professional services projects, that may or may not progress to in-production applications.

Our long-term growth will ultimately be dependent upon our ability to successfully scale up manufacturing of our products in sufficient quantity and quality and in a cost-effective manner. Unforeseen issues associated with scaling up and constructing quantum computing technology at commercially viable levels could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our growth is dependent upon our ability to successfully market and sell quantum computing technology. One of our marketing strategies is to drive traffic to our cloud-based services. We utilize various unpaid content marketing strategies, including customer events, seminars, webinars, blogs, thought leadership and social media engagement, as well as paid advertising and third-party event sponsorship, to attract prospective users of our cloud-based services. These unpaid or paid efforts may not attract a sufficient volume and quality of traffic to our cloud-based services and, in the future, we may be required to increase our marketing spend to achieve our volume and quality of traffic targets.

We depend on our ability to retain existing senior management and other key employees and qualified, skilled personnel and to attract new individuals to fill these roles as needed. If we are unable to do so, such failure could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our future performance depends on the continued service and contributions of our senior management, and other key employees to execute on our business plan, to develop our platform and products, to attract and retain customers and to identify and pursue strategic opportunities. The failure to properly manage succession plans, develop leadership talent, and/or the loss of services of senior management or other key employees could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our strategic objectives. From time to time, there may be changes in our senior management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. In addition, our ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain qualified personnel will directly affect our ability to maintain and grow our business, and such efforts will require significant time, expense and attention. The inability to attract or retain qualified personnel or delays in hiring required personnel may seriously harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, specifically employees with technical and engineering skills and employees with high levels of experience in designing and developing software, will be critical to our future success. In addition, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that such personnel have been improperly solicited or have divulged proprietary or other confidential information. The loss of service of senior management or other key employees could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives. The replacement of any of our senior management personnel or other key employees would likely involve significant time and costs, and such loss could adversely affect our revenue, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business and growth are dependent on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.

We depend on, and anticipate that we will continue to depend on, various third-party suppliers in order to sustain and grow our business. Failure of any of these suppliers to continue to provide products and services to maintain, support or secure their technology platforms or our integrations, or errors or defects in their technologies, products or services, could adversely affect our relationships with our customers, damage our brand and reputation and result in delays or difficulties in our ability to provide our platform. Our ability to produce and scale our annealing and gate model quantum computers is dependent also upon components we must source from the electronics and semiconductor industries. Shortages or supply interruptions in any of these components will adversely impact our financial performance.

Our platform and products depend on the ability to access and integrate with third-party cloud providers. In particular, we have developed our platform and products to integrate with certain third-party cloud providers and the third-party applications of other parties. If we choose or are required to change cloud providers, we will incur costs to port our platform and products to a new service and may experience service interruptions during a change of cloud provider. Generally, third-party cloud providers and the data we receive from the third-party cloud providers are written and controlled by the application provider. Any changes or modifications to the third-party cloud providers or the data provided could negatively impact the functionality of, or require us to make changes to, our platform and products, which would need to occur quickly to avoid interruptions in service for our customers.

Scaling our business is heavily dependent on our ability to build and maintain relationships with consulting and service partners and assist them in establishing or expanding their business by developing solutions that utilize our products and services. Solutions that utilize our products and services may compete with other quantum or classical-computing based solutions developed and/or marketed by other suppliers and our solutions may lose favor with our partners. Our current distribution partners may cease or reduce marketing our solutions with limited or no notice and with little or no penalty. Our distribution partners will generally have no obligation to maintain or renew their contractual arrangements with us and generally may terminate such arrangements with limited notice and/or transition periods. New distribution partners require extensive training and could take extended periods to achieve productivity. If any of our current or potential partners elect to not utilize our products or services, or reduce their current or potential use of our technology in favor of competing products, we may have to change our product strategies, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Currency exchange rate fluctuations may negatively affect our results of operations.

Our revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, while some of our operating expenses, including relating to employees, are incurred in Canadian dollars. As a result, our results of operations will be adversely impacted by an increase in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. Exchange rate fluctuations may also affect our revenue growth rates as some of our customer agreements are

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priced in the local currency of the country in which the customer is located and is also expected to be denominated in that currency. As a result, we will be further exposed to currency fluctuations to the extent non-U.S. dollar revenues from our platform increase. The value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar has varied significantly and investors are cautioned that past and current exchange rates are not indicative of future exchange rates.

Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Business and Industry

The immature market for quantum computing may lead to us misreading market demand and the timeframes it will take to close customer contracts and grow revenue, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In order to grow our business, we will need to continually evolve and scale our business and operations to meet customer and market demand. Quantum computing technology has a limited history of being sold at large-scale commercial levels. Evolving and scaling our business and operations places increased demands on our management as well as our financial and operational resources to:

| • |  | effectively manage organizational change;

| • |  | design scalable processes;

| • |  | accelerate and/or refocus research and development activities;

| • |  | expand supply chain and distribution capacity, and ultimately expand manufacturing capacity;

| • |  | increase sales and marketing efforts;

| • |  | scale and manage our professional services;

| • |  | broaden customer-support and services capabilities;

| • |  | maintain or increase operational efficiencies;

| • |  | scale support operations in a cost-effective manner;

| • |  | implement appropriate operational and financial systems; and

| • |  | maintain effective financial disclosure controls and procedures.

We may not be able to scale our products and services as necessary to meet market demand. We have no experience in scaling our cloud services infrastructure or professional services globally. We may not be able to cost-effectively manage the scale of our cloud services infrastructure or professional services at a scale or quality consistent with customer demand in a timely or economical manner.

We are currently constructing advanced generations of our products. As noted above, there are significant technological and logistical challenges associated with developing, producing, marketing, selling and distributing products in the advanced technology industry, including our products, and we may not be able to resolve all of the difficulties that may arise in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all.

Our technical roadmap and plans for commercialization involve technology that is not yet available for customers and may never become available or meet desired technical specifications.

Our current and planned products are inherently complex and incorporate technology and components that have not been used for other applications and that may contain defects and errors, particularly when first introduced. We have a limited frame of reference from which to evaluate the long-term performance of our products and services and we may be unable to detect and fix any defects in our quantum computers or cloud services infrastructure prior to the sale of products or services to potential consumers. Our products may contain defects in design, manufacturing and/or delivery that may cause them to fail to perform as expected or may require repair, recalls and/or design changes. We also cannot guarantee the consistency of our cloud services offerings. These could be affected by infrastructure downtime either within our own service or because of third-party service providers on which we are dependent. If our products or services fail to perform as expected, customers may delay orders or terminate further orders, each of which could adversely affect our sales and brand and could adversely affect our business, prospects and results of operations.

If we cannot evolve and scale our business and operations effectively, we may not be able to execute our business strategies in a cost-effective manner and our business, financial condition, profitability and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Building quantum computers requires advances in both science and engineering, and we may not have the ability to deliver those advances. The markets in which we operate are still rapidly evolving and highly competitive and the impact of rapidly changing science and engineering technologies could have an impact on the delivery of our technical roadmap which means that future generations of products both in quantum annealing and in gate model may be delayed or may never be delivered. We could also face the same challenges in our ability to scale our hybrid solvers to effectively meet commercial requirements. If this happens, our technical roadmap may be delayed or may never be achieved, either of which would have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Our business model includes a relatively new four-phase engagement model, with customers transitioning through the phases. If we cannot successfully convert customers through the phases to the extent or at the rate that we expect, our business will be negatively impacted and could fail.

Our success depends, in significant part, on our ability to engage our customers through all four phases of our engagement model (discovery, proof of concept, pilot deployment and full production) and collaboratively work with our customers and demonstrate the value of our technology. This engagement model was introduced in early 2021 and is a shift from our historical sales model. If our customers do not dedicate sufficient resources to each phase of our engagement model or their challenges or technology are not addressable by or compatible with our products and services, then our anticipated projections and revenues would be impacted. In addition, our products and services may not meet our customers’ functional, performance, technical or other requirements, which would have a negative impact on revenues. The market for our technology is still rapidly evolving and we may be required to change the duration, pricing, or structure of any or all of the phases of our model as we continue to develop our technology and deliver more engagement.

If our customers do not perceive the benefits of our technology, or if our technology does not drive continued progression of customers through the four phases, then our market may not develop as we anticipate or at all, or it may develop slower than we expect. If any of these events occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our industry is competitive on a global scale, from both quantum and classical competitors, and we may not be successful in competing in this industry or establishing and maintaining confidence in our long-term business prospects among current and future partners and customers, which would materially harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

The markets in which we operate are rapidly evolving and highly competitive. As these markets continue to mature and new technologies and competitors enter such markets, we expect competition to intensify. Our current competitors include:

| • |  | large, well-established tech companies that generally compete in all of our markets, including Google, Honeywell, IBM, Microsoft and Amazon Web Services (“AWS”);

| • |  | countries such as China, Russia, Canada, the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom, and those in the European Union as of the date of this prospectus and we believe additional countries in the future;

| • |  | less-established public and private companies with competing technology, including companies located outside the United States;

| • |  | existing or new entrants seeking to enter the quantum annealing space; and

| • |  | new or emerging entrants seeking to develop competing technologies.

We compete based on various factors, including technology, performance, platform availability, price, brand recognition and reputation, customer support and differentiated capabilities, including ease of administration and use, scalability and reliability, data governance and security. Many of our competitors have substantially greater brand recognition, customer relationships, and financial, technical and other resources, including an experienced sales force and sophisticated supply chain management. They may be able to respond more effectively than us to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, customer requirements and buying practices. In addition, many countries are focused on developing quantum computing solutions either in the private or public sector and may subsidize quantum computers which may make it difficult for us to compete. Many of these competitors do not face the same challenges we do in growing our business. In addition, other competitors might be able to compete with us by bundling their other products and services in a way that does not allow us to offer a competitive solution.

Additionally, we must be able to achieve our objectives in a timely manner lest quantum computing lose ground to competitors, including competing technologies. Because there are a large number of market participants, including certain sovereign nations, focused on developing quantum computing technology, we must dedicate significant resources to achieving any technical objectives on the timelines established by our management team. Any failure to achieve objectives in a timely manner could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

For all of these reasons, competition may negatively impact our ability to maintain and grow consumption of our platform or put downward pressure on our prices and gross margins, any of which could materially harm our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Our products and services are dependent upon our relationship with third-party providers and any disruption of or interference with our use of such third-party providers would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely upon third parties to operate our platform, third party facilities to house some of our systems and third parties to provide our services. Any disruption of or interference with our use of such third-party providers or locations would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. If these services provided by third parties become unavailable due to extended outages, interruptions, or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms, we could experience delays in our ability to provide our solutions or run our business and our expenses could increase, our ability to manage finances could be interrupted, and our processes for managing sales of our platform and supporting our customers could be impaired until equivalent services, if available, are identified, obtained, and implemented.

We have experienced, and expect that in the future we may experience, interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability from time to time due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, website hosting disruptions and capacity constraints. Capacity constraints could be due to a number of potential causes including technical failures, natural disasters, fraud or security attacks. In addition, if our security, or that of our hosting provider, is compromised, our platform or products are unavailable or our users are unable to use our products within a reasonable amount of time or at all, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Our ability to conduct security audits on our hosting provider is limited and our contracts do not contain strong indemnification terms in our favor. In some instances, we may not be able to identify and/or remedy the cause or causes of these performance problems within a period of time acceptable to our customers. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our platform performance, especially during peak usage times, as our products become more complex and the usage of our products increases. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, either through our hosting provider or an alternative provider of cloud infrastructure, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. In addition, any changes in service levels from our hosting provider may adversely affect our ability to meet our customers’ requirements.

Any of the above circumstances or events may harm our reputation, cause customers to stop using our products, impair our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers, subject us to financial penalties and liabilities under our service level agreements and otherwise harm our revenue, business, results of operations and financial condition.

The design and manufacturing of our quantum computers are dependent on a number of critical suppliers and unknown supply chain issues that could delay the introduction of our products and services or cause a significant disruption in our supplier base could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are reliant our own manufacturing of components as well as on third-party suppliers for components necessary to develop and manufacture our quantum computing solutions. Factors that could have an adverse impact on the availability of these components include:

| • |  | our inability to enter into agreements with suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, or at all;

| • |  | difficulties of suppliers ramping up their supply of materials to meet our requirements;

| • |  | a significant increase in the price of one or more components, including due to industry consolidation occurring within one or more component supplier markets or as a result of decreased production capacity at manufacturers;

| • |  | any reductions or interruption in supply, including due to technological problems, equipment malfunctions, regulatory actions or disruptions on our global supply chain as a result of large scale public health restrictions or geopolitical factors, which we have experienced, and may in the future experience;

| • |  | financial problems of either contract manufacturers or component suppliers;

| • |  | significantly increased freight charges, or raw material costs and other expenses associated with our business;

| • |  | a failure to develop our supply chain management capabilities and recruit and retain qualified professionals;

| • |  | a failure to adequately authorize procurement of inventory;

| • |  | a failure to adequately maintain our or our suppliers’ manufacturing equipment; or

| • |  | a failure to appropriately cancel, reschedule, or adjust our requirements based on our business needs.

If any of the aforementioned factors were to materialize, it could cause us to halt production of our quantum computing solutions and/or entail higher manufacturing costs, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition and could materially damage customer relationships. Additionally, other factors beyond our control or which we do not presently anticipate could also affect our suppliers’ ability to deliver components to us on a timely basis.

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We do not have the history with our solutions or pricing models necessary to accurately predict optimal pricing necessary to attract new customers and retain existing customers.

We may need to change our pricing model from time to time. As the market for our platform matures, or as competitors introduce new solutions that compete with ours, we may be unable to attract new customers at the same prices or based on the same pricing models that we have used historically. Our assessments of competitive pricing may not be accurate and we could be underpricing or overpricing our platform and services. Further, in the past we concentrated on selling the hardware needed for customers to run dedicated systems. We have now transitioned from selling systems to selling cloud services and have added professional services as well. Our limited history of selling cloud and professional services means we do not have long-term market data on the optimal method of pricing our services and maximizing the opportunities they represent. If we do not implement a services-based business well, our financial results may suffer. In addition, if the offerings on our platform or our services change, we may need to revise our pricing strategies. Any such changes to our pricing strategies or our ability to efficiently price our offerings could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, as we continue to expand internationally, we also must determine the appropriate pricing strategy to enable us to compete effectively internationally. Pricing pressures and decisions could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses or the failure of our platform to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance, any of which could negatively impact our overall business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, larger organizations, which are a primary focus of our direct sales efforts, may demand substantial price concessions. As a result, we may be required to price below our targets in the future, which could adversely affect our revenue, gross margin, profitability, cash flows and financial condition.

Competitive pressures may put pressure on our pricing, which may require us to reduce our pricing in order to provide competitively priced access to our products and services.

We face competition in various aspects of our business and expect that such competition to intensify in the future as existing and new companies introduce and enhance existing services or create new services. The markets for our services in general are competitive. Competition in these markets may increase further if economic conditions or other circumstances cause customer bases and client spending to decrease and service provides to compete for fewer client resources. Our competitors may be able to undertake more effective marketing campaigns, obtain more data, adopt more aggressive pricing policies, make more attractive offers to potential employees, clients and advertisers, or may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in user requirements. If we are unable to retain clients or obtain new clients, our revenues could decline. Increased competition could result in lower revenues and higher expenses, which would reduce our profitability.

The quantum computing industry is in its early stages and is volatile, and if it does not develop, if it develops slower than we expect, if it develops in a manner that does not require use of our products and services, if it encounters negative publicity or if our solution does not drive commercial engagement, the growth of our business will be harmed.

The nascent market for quantum computers is still rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, competitive pricing and competitive factors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, and changing customer demands and behaviors. If the market for quantum computers in general does not develop as expected, or develops more slowly than expected, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

We have focused our efforts on the optimization market with our annealing quantum computers, and in the near term expect our business to grow from this market. If optimization does not require quantum computing or if other classical or quantum solutions perform better than our products and services, we could see a decrease in customer uptake and revenue.

In addition, our growth and future demand for our products is highly dependent upon the adoption by developers and customers of quantum computing, as well as on our ability to demonstrate the value of quantum computing to our customers. Delays in future generations of our quantum computers or technical failures at other quantum computing companies could limit market acceptance of our solution. Negative publicity concerning our solution or the quantum computing industry as a whole could limit market acceptance of our solution. While we believe quantum computing will solve many large-scale problems, we do not yet have evidence that quantum computers will be able to do so and such problems may never be solvable by quantum computing technology. If our customers do not perceive the benefits of our solution, or if our solution does not drive customer engagement, then our market may not develop at all, or it may develop more slowly than we expect. If any of these events occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If progress towards “quantum advantage” (as described below) slows relative to expectations, it could adversely impact revenues and customer confidence to continue to pay for testing, access and “quantum readiness.” This would harm or even eliminate revenues in the period before quantum advantage.

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If our products and services fail to deliver customer value to a broader range of customers than classical approaches, our business, financial condition and future prospects may be harmed.

“Quantum advantage” refers to the moment when a quantum computer can compute faster than existing classical computers, while quantum supremacy is achieved once quantum computers are powerful enough to complete calculations that traditional supercomputers cannot perform at all. Broad quantum advantage is when quantum advantage is seen in many applications and developers prefer quantum computers to a traditional computer. No current quantum computers, including the D-Wave quantum hardware, have reached a broad quantum advantage, and they may never reach such advantage. Achieving a broad quantum advantage will be critical to the success of any quantum computing company, including us. However, achieving quantum advantage would not necessarily lead to commercial viability of the technology that accomplished such advantage, nor would it mean that such system could outperform classical computers in tasks other than the one used to determine a quantum advantage. Other companies, including some of our customers, are working on classical approaches that target similar use cases, increasing competition and risk of not capturing market share. As quantum computing technology continues to mature, broad quantum advantage may take decades to be realized, if ever. If we cannot develop quantum computers that have quantum advantage, customers may not continue to purchase our products and services. If customers decide to wait until broad quantum advantage is reached, this could impair the growth of our business. If other companies’ quantum computers reach a broad quantum advantage prior to the time ours reaches such capabilities, it could lead to a loss of customers. If any of these events occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. This is also true for our quantum-hybrid solvers in that they must also continue to deliver value compared to classical approaches.

We use quantum-classical hybrid solutions to get the customer the optimal answer to their particular problem. Since quantum computing is a new form of computing, some customers may want to understand the details of how our products operate. However, because this is proprietary and trade secret information we cannot or may not want to share, we may lose customers as a result.

Real or perceived errors, failures or bugs in our products and services could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and growth prospects.

The hardware and software underlying our platform and products is highly technical and complex. Our hardware and software have previously contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors, bugs or vulnerabilities. In addition, errors, failures and bugs may be contained in our software utilized in building and operating our products or may result from errors in the deployment or configuration of QCaaS software. Some errors in our products may only be discovered after a product has been deployed or may never be generally known. In some instances, despite internal testing, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these problems or risks within an acceptable period of time. Any errors, bugs or vulnerabilities discovered in our products after it has been deployed, or never generally discovered, could result in interruptions in platform availability, product malfunctioning or data breaches. Since our customers may use our services for processes that are critical to their businesses, errors, and defects, security vulnerability, service interruptions or software bugs in our platform could result in losses to our customers and thereby result in damage to our reputation, adverse effects upon customers and users, loss of customers and relationships with third parties, significant expenditures of capital, a delay or loss in market acceptance, loss of revenue or liability for damages. In addition, provisions typically included in our agreements with our customers that attempt to limit our exposure to claims may not be enforceable or adequate and may not otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. Even if not successful, a claim brought against us by any of our customers would likely be time-consuming and costly to defend and could seriously damage our reputation and brand, making it harder for us to sell our solutions and retain our customers.

If we cannot successfully execute on our strategy, including changing customer needs and new technologies and other market requirements, or achieve our objectives in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

The quantum computing market is characterized by rapid technological change, changing user requirements, uncertain product lifecycles and evolving industry standards. We believe that the pace of innovation will continue to accelerate as technology changes and different approaches to quantum computing mature on a broad range of factors, including system architecture, error correction, performance and scale, ease of programming, user experience, markets addressed, types of data processed, and data governance and regulatory compliance. Our future success depends on our ability to continue to innovate and increase customer adoption of our products and services. If we are unable to enhance our products and services to keep pace with these rapidly evolving customer requirements, or if new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive products at lower prices, more efficiently, with better functionality, more conveniently, or more securely than our platform, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

A key application of our technology is for optimization problems which, while a very broad market, requires continued research and development in order for our products and services to fully address the optimization market, and if that research and development is not successful this may limit its adoption to a narrow range of customers. If we cannot successfully attract a broader range of customers to our quantum annealing technology, our business will be negatively impacted and could fail.

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In addition, our planned quantum gate system, which is a strategic milestone for our technical roadmap and commercialization, is not yet available for customers and may not become available on the timelines we expect or at all.

Even if we are successful in executing on our product roadmap and strategy and delivering increasingly more powerful quantum computing systems and services, competitors in the industry may achieve technological breakthroughs which render our products and services obsolete or inferior to other products and services.

Our continued growth and success depend on our ability to innovate and develop quantum computing technology in a timely manner and effectively market these products. Without timely innovation and development, our quantum computing solutions could be rendered obsolete or less competitive by changing customer preferences or because of the introduction of a competitor’s more advanced technologies. Any technological breakthroughs which render our technology obsolete or inferior to other products could have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Any cybersecurity-related attack, significant data breach or disruption of the information technology systems, infrastructure, network, third-party processors or platforms on which we rely could damage our reputation and adversely affect our business and financial results.

Our operations rely on information technology systems for the use, storage and transmission of sensitive and confidential information with respect to our customers, our customers’ customers, our employees and other third parties. A malicious cybersecurity-related attack, intrusion or disruption by either an internal or external source or other breach of the systems on which our platform and products operate, and on which our employees conduct business, could lead to unauthorized access to, use of, loss of or unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, disruption of our services, viruses, worms, spyware, or other malware being served from our platform, networks, or systems; and resulting regulatory enforcement actions, litigation, indemnity obligations and other possible liabilities, as well as negative publicity, which could damage our reputation, impair sales and harm our business. Cyberattacks and other malicious internet-based activity continue to increase, and cloud-based platform providers of products and services have been and are expected to continue to be targeted. In addition to traditional computer “hackers,” malicious code (such as viruses and worms), phishing, employee theft or misuse and denial-of-service attacks, sophisticated nation-state and nation-state supported actors now engage in attacks (including advanced persistent threat intrusions). Cyberattacks may also gain publishing access to our customers’ accounts on our platform, using that access to publish content without authorization. Despite efforts to create security barriers to such threats, it is not feasible, as a practical matter, for us to entirely mitigate these risks. If our security measures are compromised as a result of third-party action, employee, customer, or user error, malfeasance, stolen or fraudulently obtained log-in credentials or otherwise, our reputation would be damaged, our data, information or intellectual property, or those of our customers and our customers’ consumers, may be destroyed, stolen or otherwise compromised, our business may be harmed and we could incur significant liability. We have not always been able in the past and may be unable in the future to anticipate or prevent techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or compromise of our systems because they change frequently and are generally not detected until after an incident has occurred. We also cannot be certain that we will be able to prevent vulnerabilities in our software or address vulnerabilities that we may become aware of in the future.

In addition, there may be an increased risk of cyberattacks by state actors due to the current conflict between Russia and the Ukraine. Any increase in such attacks on us or our systems could adversely affect our platform, networks, systems or other operations. Although we maintain cybersecurity policies and procedures to manage risk to our information technology systems, continuously adapt our systems and processes to mitigate such threats, and plan to enhance our protections against such attacks, we may not be able to address these cybersecurity threats proactively or implement adequate preventative measures and we may be unable to promptly detect and address any such disruption or security breach, if at all.

Further, as we rely on third-party cloud infrastructure, we depend in part on third-party security measures to protect against unauthorized access, cyberattacks and the mishandling of data and information. If these third parties fail to adhere to adequate data security procedures, or in the event of a breach of their networks, our own, our customers’ and our customers’ consumers’ data may be improperly accessed, used or disclosed. Any cybersecurity event, including any vulnerability in our software, cyberattack, intrusion or disruption or any failure or breach unrelated to our own action or inaction, could result in significant increases in costs, including costs for remediating the effects of such an event; lost revenue due to network downtime, a decrease in customer and user trust; increases in insurance premiums due to cybersecurity incidents; increased exposure to a risk of litigation and possible liability; increased costs to address cybersecurity issues and attempts to prevent future incidents; and harm to our business, financial results and our reputation because of any such incident.

We include limitation of liability provisions in our standard subscription agreements; however, such provisions may not be enforceable or adequate and may not otherwise protect us from any such liabilities or damages with respect to any claim related to a cybersecurity incident or other potential claim referred to above. In addition, our existing general liability insurance coverage and coverage for cyber liability or errors or omissions may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or may not be available in

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sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims and our insurer may deny coverage with respect to future claims. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, would harm our business.

Many governments have enacted laws requiring companies to provide notice of data security incidents involving certain types of personal data. In addition, some of our customers require us to notify them of data security breaches. Security compromises experienced by our competitors, by our customers or by us may lead to public disclosures, which may lead to widespread negative publicity. Any security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, could harm our reputation, erode confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, encourage consumers to restrict use of our platform, cause existing customers to elect not to renew their subscriptions or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, which could harm our business.

Market adoption of cloud-based online quantum computing platform solutions is relatively new and unproven and may not grow as we expect and, even if market demand increases, the demand for our QCaaS may not increase, or certain customers may be reluctant to use a cloud-based QCaaS for applications, all of which may harm our business and results of operations.

We derive substantially all of our revenue from our cloud-based quantum computing platform and professional services, which we expect to continue for the foreseeable future. As such, the market acceptance of our platform is critical to our continued success. It is difficult to predict customer adoption rates and demand for our solutions and professional services, the entry of competitive platforms and service providers, or the future growth rate and size of our markets.

In addition, in order for cloud-based solutions to be widely accepted, organizations must overcome any concerns with moving sensitive information to a cloud-based platform. In addition, demand for our platform in particular is affected by a number of other factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include continued market acceptance of our cloud-based quantum computing platform and cloud-based QCaaS, the pace at which existing customers realize benefits from the use of our platform and decide to expand deployment of our platform across their business, the timing of development and release of new products by our competitors, technological change, reliability and security, the pace at which enterprises undergo digital transformation, and developments in data privacy regulations. In addition, we expect that the needs of our customers will continue to rapidly change and increase in complexity. We will need to improve the functionality and performance of our platform continually to meet those rapidly changing, complex demands. If we are unable to continue to meet customer demands or to achieve more widespread market acceptance of relevant solutions in general or our platform in particular, our business operations, financial results, and growth prospects will be materially and adversely affected.

Government actions and regulations, such as tariffs and trade protection measures, may limit our ability to provide products and services to our customers and obtain products from our suppliers, which could have a material adverse impact on our business operations, financial results and growth plans.

We currently offer our platform in 38 countries and our international sales are a substantial and critical part of our current business and future growth plans. Our international sales and the use of our platform in various countries subject us to risks that we do not generally face with respect to domestic sales within North America. For example, we may face additional risks relating to:

| • |  | lack of familiarity and burdens and complexity involved with complying with multiple, conflicting and changing foreign laws, standards, regulatory requirements, tariffs, export controls and other barriers;

| • |  | difficulties in ensuring compliance with countries’ multiple, conflicting and changing privacy, data security, international trade, customs and sanctions laws;

| • |  | differing technology standards; and

| • |  | new and uncertain protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.

We may be unsuccessful in navigating such risks, which could have a material adverse impact on our business operations, financial results and growth plans.

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If we engage in acquisitions, divestitures, strategic investments or strategic partnerships and fail to achieve favorable results, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

We may in the future make acquisitions, divestitures or certain investments. Any transactions that we enter into could be material to our financial condition and results of operations. The process of acquiring and integrating another company or technology could create unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. Acquisitions and investments involve a number of risks, such as:

| • |  | use of resources that are needed in other areas of our business;

| • |  | in the case of an acquisition, implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies of the acquired company;

| • |  | in the case of an acquisition, difficulty integrating the accounting systems and operations of the acquired company, including potential risks to our corporate culture;

| • |  | in the case of an acquisition, coordination of product, engineering and selling and marketing functions, including difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy services and products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired company, as applicable, difficulties associated with supporting new products or services, difficulty converting the customers of the acquired company onto our platform and difficulties associated with contract terms, including disparities in the revenues, licensing, support or professional services model of the acquired company;

| • |  | in the case of an acquisition, retention and integration of employees from the acquired company;

| • |  | in the case of an acquisition, past intellectual property infringement or data security issues arising from the acquired company;

| • |  | unforeseen costs or liabilities;

| • |  | adverse effects on our existing business relationships with customers as a result of the acquisition or investment;

| • |  | the possibility of adverse tax consequences;

| • |  | litigation or other claims arising in connection with the acquired company or investment; and

| • |  | in the case of foreign acquisitions, the need to integrate operations across different cultures and languages and to address the particular economic, currency, political and regulatory risks associated with specific countries.

In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Acquisitions and investments may also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities, which could adversely affect our share price, or result in issuances of securities with superior rights and preferences to our common shares or the incurrence of debt with restrictive covenants that limit our future uses of capital in pursuit of business opportunities.

We may not be able to identify acquisition or investment opportunities that meet our strategic objectives, or to the extent such opportunities are identified, we may not be able to negotiate terms with respect to the acquisition or investment that are acceptable to us. At this time, we have made no commitments or agreements with respect to any such material transactions.

We may in the future be adversely affected by continuation or worsening of the global COVID-19 pandemic, its various strains or future pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and may result in further, significant disruption of global financial markets and economic uncertainty. The COVID-19 pandemic has reached across the globe, resulting in the implementation of significant governmental measures, including lockdowns, closures, quarantines, and travel bans intended to control the spread of the virus. We have modified our business practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and we may take further actions as required by government authorities or that we determine are warranted. For instance, we have enabled our employees to work remotely, implemented travel restrictions for all non-essential business and shifted company events to virtual-only experiences, and we may deem it advisable to similarly alter, postpone or cancel additional events in the future. While we may ease these restrictions in response to evolving conditions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear what the extent of these restrictions will be in the future, and there is no certainty that any such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the direct and indirect effects of the virus, which could continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic may cause our current or potential future customers to modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products and services.

The duration and extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our financial results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including: new information that may emerge concerning the severity and transmission rate of COVID-19 and any variants thereof; the continued rollout-of mass vaccinations for COVID-19; the extent and

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effectiveness of containment measures and vaccines; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on economic activity and domestic and international trade during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic recovery period and the impact of these and other factors on our employees, customers, vendors and partners, including their respective productivity; and the actions taken by governments to curtail or treat its impact, including shelter in place directives, business limitations and shutdowns, travel bans and restrictions, loan payment deferrals (whether government-mandated or voluntary), moratoriums on debt collection activities and other actions, which, if imposed or extended, may impact the economies in which we now, or may in the future, operate.

Our limited operating history combined with the uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increases the difficulty of forecasting operating results and of strategic planning. If we are unable to effectively predict and manage the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, our results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted.

System failures, interruptions, delays in service, catastrophic events, inadequate infrastructure and resulting interruptions in the availability or functionality of our products and services could harm our reputation or subject us to significant liability, and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our brand, reputation and ability to attract, retain and serve our customers are also dependent upon the reliable performance of our platform, including our underlying technical infrastructure. Our systems and those of our third-party data center facilities may experience service interruptions, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks and other geopolitical unrest, computer viruses, or other events. Our systems are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, and acts of vandalism. Our platform and technical infrastructure may not be adequately designed with sufficient reliability and redundancy and our disaster recovery planning, which includes using geographically distinct and multi-region data centers, may not be sufficient to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to the businesses of our customers and our business. Our disaster recovery plan stores some of our electronic data to a cloud back up system center in the event of a catastrophe, but such program may not be sufficient to recover all information or for all eventualities.

We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience service interruptions which disrupt the availability or reduce the speed or functionality of our platform. These events have resulted and likely will result in loss of revenue and could result in significant expense to remedy resultant data loss or corruption and/or recover from the interruption. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the speed or other functionality of our platform could materially harm our reputation and business. Frequent or persistent interruptions in access to functionality of our platform could cause our customers to believe that our platform is unreliable. If our platform is unavailable when our customers attempt to access it, or if it does not perform to expected levels, our customers may cease to use our platform entirely. Moreover, to the extent that any system failure or similar event results in damages to customers or their businesses, these customers could seek compensation from us for their losses, and those claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly to address. While we have implemented measures intended to prevent or mitigate such interruptions, such measures may not be successful in preventing service interruptions in the future.

Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, including uncertain geopolitical conditions such as inflation, recessions and war, among others, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers and potential customers. Negative conditions in the general economy both in Canada, the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, inflation, recessions, international trade relations, pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), political turmoil, uncertain geopolitical conditions, natural catastrophes, warfare, and terrorist attacks could cause a decrease in business investments, including the progress on development of quantum technologies, and negatively affect the growth of our business. In February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and resulting future market disruptions, are impossible to predict, but could be significant. Although we do not have business operations or customers in Russia or Ukraine, sanctions, an increase in cyberattacks and increases in energy costs, among other potential impacts on regional and global economic environment and currencies, may cause demand for our products and services to be volatile, cause abrupt changes in our customers’ buying patterns, interrupt our ability to supply products to this or other regions or limit customers’ access. In addition, in challenging economic times, our current or potential future customers may experience cash flow problems and as a result may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products and services. Many of our customers invest in quantum computing products and services as part of their medium to longer-term strategies to optimize aspects of their business, and significant global disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic or geopolitical conflicts may result in potential customers focusing on short-term challenges, resulting in a reduction in their investments in quantum computing. Additionally, if our customers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are unable to secure financing, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable due to us. Moreover, our key suppliers may reduce their output or become insolvent, thereby adversely impacting our ability to manufacture our products. Furthermore, uncertain economic conditions may make it more difficult for us to raise funds through borrowings or private or public sales of debt or equity securities. We cannot predict the timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery, generally or within any particular industry.

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Rising inflation may result in increased costs of operations and negatively impact the credit and securities markets generally, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the market price of the Common Shares.

Inflation has accelerated in the U.S., Canada and globally due in part to global supply chain issues, the Ukraine-Russia war, a rise in energy prices, and strong consumer demand as economies continue to reopen from restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An inflationary environment can increase our cost of labor, as well as our other operating costs, which may have a material adverse impact on our financial results. In addition, economic conditions could impact and reduce the number of customers who purchase our products or services as credit becomes more expensive or unavailable. Although interest rates have increased and are expected to increase further, inflation may continue. Further, increased interest rates could have a negative effect on the securities markets generally and increase the cost of capital to us, in particular, which may, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the market price of the Common Shares.

If we fail to offer high-quality customer support, or if the cost of such support is not consistent with corresponding levels of revenue, our business, results of operations and reputation may be harmed.

Due to our innovative technology and our planned technical roadmap, our customers will require particular support and service functions, some of which are not currently available, and may never be available. If we experience delays in adding such support capacity or servicing our customers efficiently, or experience unforeseen issues with the reliability of our technology, it could overburden our servicing and support capabilities. Similarly, increasing the number of our products and services would require us to rapidly increase the availability of these services. Failure to adequately support and service our customers may inhibit our growth and ability to expand.

Our current customers rely on our customer support organization to respond to inquiries and resolve issues related to their use of our platform quickly and effectively. Our customer support relies on third-party technology platforms, which may become unavailable or otherwise prevent our customers and customer support team from interacting on a timely basis. Our response times to customers and prospects may be impacted for reasons outside our control, such as changes to software and computing services, which may interrupt aspects of our service to our customers. From time to time, we experience spikes in the number of customer support tickets that we receive, which may result in an increase in customer requests and significant delays in responding to our customers’ requests. Customer demand for support may also increase as we expand and enhance our operations and product offerings. Increased customer demand for our support services, without corresponding revenue increases, could increase our costs and harm our operating results. As we continue to grow our operations and support our global user base, we need to continue to provide efficient and high-quality support that meets our customers’ needs globally at scale. Our sales process is highly dependent on the ease of use of our platform and products, our business reputation and positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain a high-quality customer support organization, or a market perception that we do not maintain such levels of support, could harm our reputation, our ability to sell to existing and prospective customers and our business, results of operation and financial condition.

Risks Related to Litigation and Government Regulation

Changing Canadian and U.S. federal, state, provincial and foreign laws and regulations related to privacy, information security and data protection could adversely affect how we collect and use personal information and harm our brand.

We may receive, store and otherwise process personal information and other data from and about our customers, employees and from other stakeholders like our vendors. There are numerous federal, provincial, local and international laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, information security and the storing, sharing, use, processing, transfer, disclosure, retention and protection of personal information and other content, the scope of which is rapidly changing, subject to differing interpretations and may be inconsistent among; regions, countries and states, or conflict with other legal requirements. We are also subject to contractual obligations from our customers and other third parties related to privacy, data protection and information security, and disclosures and commitments made in our privacy policies. We strive to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies and other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection and information security. However, the regulatory framework for privacy, data protection and information security worldwide is, and is likely to remain, uncertain for the foreseeable future, and it is possible that these or other actual or alleged obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices.

We also expect that there will continue to be new laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security proposed and enacted in various jurisdictions. The United States, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom and other countries in which we operate are increasingly adopting or revising privacy, information security and data protection laws and regulations that could have a significant impact on our current and planned privacy, data protection and information security-related practices, our collection, use, sharing, retention and safeguarding of customer, consumer and/or employee information, as well as any

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other third-party information we receive, and some of our current or planned business activities. New and changing laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security may also impact the computing services and software industry platforms and data providers we utilize, and thereby indirectly impact our business. In the United States, this includes the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or CCPA which came into effect on January 1, 2020. In the European Union and the United Kingdom, this includes the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which came into effect in May 2018. In Canada, this includes Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, or PIPEDA and the Personal Information Protection Act in British Columbia. While we have taken measures to comply with applicable requirements contained in the GDPR, we may need to continue to make adjustments as more clarification and guidance on the requirements of the GDPR and how to comply with such requirements becomes available. Further, Brexit has created uncertainty with regard to the regulation of data protection in the United Kingdom including how the United Kingdom version of the GDPR will be implemented alongside its existing United Kingdom data protection regulations, and how data transfers to and from the United Kingdom will generally be regulated.

Uncertainty in the laws and regulations affecting cross border transfers of personal data may affect the demand and functionality of our services. In the past, we have relied on a variety of adequacy mechanisms, including the European Commission Decision 2002/2/EC regarding the adequacy of Canadian law, Standard Contractual Clauses, and Binding Corporate Rules, to enable us to provide our services around the globe at scale. Different European data protection regulators may impose additional requirements or apply differing standards for the transfer of personal data or even prohibit data transfers to certain non-EU countries, like the United States and Canada. Such standards may be particularly targeted at the software companies with whom we work. This creates significant additional uncertainty regarding our ability to lawfully transfer certain personal data from the EU and we may need to implement substantial changes to our information technology infrastructure as a result, which could take time and be costly. In addition, the CCPA affords consumers expanded privacy protections and control over the collection, use and sharing of their personal information. The potential effects of this legislation are far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. For example, the CCPA gives California residents expanded rights to access and require deletion of their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The California State Attorney General began enforcing the CCPA on July 1, 2020; to the extent that we have not fully implemented the data processing practices and policies necessary to comply with the CCPA, the Attorney General may serve us with an enforcement notice under the CCPA and impose civil penalties for violations. The CCPA also provides for a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation.

With laws and regulations such as the CCPA in the United States, the PIPEDA in Canada, and GDPR in the European Union imposing new and relatively burdensome obligations, and with substantial uncertainty over the interpretation and application of these and other laws and regulations, we may face challenges in addressing their requirements and making necessary changes to our policies and practices and may incur significant costs and expenses in an effort to do so. For example, the increased consumer control over the sharing of their personal information afforded by CCPA may affect our customers’ ability to share such personal information with us or may require us to delete or remove consumer information from our records or data sets, which may create considerable costs for our organization. In addition, any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy, data protection- or information security-related obligations to customers, users or other third parties or any of our other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation, claims or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others, and could result in significant liability, loss of relationships with key third parties, or cause our users to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations and policies that are applicable to the businesses of our users may limit the adoption and use of, and reduce the overall demand for, our platform.

Additionally, if the third parties we work with, such as vendors or developers, violate applicable laws or regulations or our policies, such violations may also put our customers’ and their users at risk and could in turn have an adverse effect on our business. Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations or industry practices regarding the collection, use, retention, security or disclosure of such content, or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of such persons for the collection, use, retention or disclosure of such content is obtained, could increase our costs and require us to modify our services and features, possibly in a material manner, which we may be unable to complete and may limit our ability to store and process user data or develop new services and features. All of these implications could adversely affect our revenue, results of operations, business and financial condition.

We are subject to United States, Canadian and foreign anti-corruption, anti-bribery and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws may subject us to criminal or civil liability and harm our business.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States, Canada and foreign jurisdictions related to anti-corruption, anti-bribery and similar laws, including governing cross-border and domestic money transmission, gift cards and other prepaid access instruments, electronic fund transfers, taxation reporting requirements, foreign exchange, privacy and data protection, banking and import and export restrictions. We are also subject to various anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (U.S.), the United States domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA

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Patriot Act, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 and Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (Canada) and its regulations, and other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Concern about the use of payment processing platform for illegal conduct, such as money laundering or to support terrorist activities, may result in legislation or other governmental action that could require changes to our platform. In addition, depending on how our customer base evolves, and as we expand into new geographies, we expect to become subject to additional laws in the United States, Canada, Europe and elsewhere. Any non-compliance with such laws may subject us to criminal or civil liability and harm our business.

We are subject to export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could impair our ability to offer our products or make our platform available in some jurisdictions, or subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws.

As a result of our international operations, we are subject to a number of United States, Canadian and foreign laws relating to economic sanctions and to export and import controls which presently limit and could further limit our ability to offer our platform in certain jurisdictions or to certain customers. In addition, the export of our software in certain jurisdictions may require governmental authorizations. Various jurisdictions also regulate the import of certain technology, including imposing import permitting and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to offer our platform in those countries. Complying with export or import controls and economic sanctions may be time-consuming and result in the delay or loss of business opportunities.

Any change in export or import controls, economic sanctions or related legislation, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such restrictions or legislation, could result in decreased use of our platform by customers or in our decreased ability to offer our platform internationally, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, failure to comply with export or import controls or with economic sanctions may expose us to government investigations and penalties, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Governmental decisions with respect to perceived national security risks associated with quantum computing technology could impede the selling of our products and services.

Political challenges between the United States and countries in which our suppliers are located, including China, and changes to trade policies, including tariff rates and customs duties, trade relations between the United States and China and other macroeconomic issues could adversely impact our business. Specifically, United States-China trade relations remain uncertain and quantum computing has been designated as a technology with national security implications in many countries, including the United States and Canada. The United States administration has announced tariffs on certain products imported into the United States with China as the country of origin, and China has imposed tariffs in response to the actions of the United States. There is also a possibility of future tariffs, trade protection measures or other restrictions imposed on our products or on our customers by the United States, China or other countries that could have a material adverse effect on our business. To the extent our technology is deemed a matter of national security, our business could be subject to increased restrictions or regulations, our customer and supplier base may be restricted, our TAM may be reduced and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

We are subject to requirements relating to environmental and safety regulations which could adversely affect our business, results of operation and reputation.

We are subject to numerous federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations governing, among other things, solid and hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal, and remediation of releases of hazardous materials. There are significant capital, operating and other costs associated with compliance with these environmental laws and regulations. Environmental laws and regulations may become more stringent in the future, which could increase costs of compliance or require us to manufacture with alternative technologies and materials.

Federal, state and local authorities also regulate a variety of matters, including, but not limited to, health, safety and permitting in addition to the environmental matters discussed above. New legislation and regulations may require us to make material changes to our operations, resulting in significant increases to the cost of production.

Our hardware has operational hazards such as but not limited to hazardous operating temperatures and high voltage and/or high current electrical systems typical of large computer processing equipment and related safety incidents.

There may be environmental or safety incidents that damage machinery or product, slow or stop production, or harm employees or third parties. Consequences may include litigation, regulation, fines, increased insurance premiums, mandates to temporarily halt production, workers’ compensation claims, or other actions that impact our brand, finances, or ability to operate.

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Future investments in D-Wave Quantum Common Shares may be subject to U.S. foreign investment regulations.

Investments that involve the acquisition of, or investment in, a U.S. business by a non-U.S. investor may be subject to U.S. laws that regulate foreign investments in U.S. businesses and access by foreign persons to technology developed and produced in the United States. These laws include Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, and the regulations at 31 C.F.R. Parts 800 and 802, as amended, administered by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”).

Whether CFIUS has jurisdiction to review an acquisition or investment transaction depends on, among other factors, the nature and structure of the transaction, including the level of beneficial ownership interest and the nature of any information or governance rights involved. For example, investments that result in “control” of a “U.S. business” by a “foreign person” (in each case, as such terms are defined in 31 C.F.R. Part 800) always are subject to CFIUS jurisdiction. Significant CFIUS reform legislation, which was fully implemented through regulations that became effective in 2020, expanded the scope of CFIUS’s jurisdiction to investments that do not result in control of a U.S. business by a foreign person, but afford certain foreign investors certain information or governance rights in a U.S. business that has a nexus to “critical technologies,” “covered investment critical infrastructure,” and/or “sensitive personal data” (in each case, as such terms are defined in 31 C.F.R. Part 800).

The Transaction has resulted in investments in our U.S. subsidiary by non-U.S. persons that could be considered by CFIUS to result in a covered control transaction that CFIUS would have authority to review. PSP is a Canadian Crown corporation and currently holds approximately 52% of the issued and outstanding D-Wave Quantum Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares). CFIUS or another U.S. governmental agency could choose to review past or proposed transactions involving new or existing foreign investors in D-Wave Quantum, even if a filing with CFIUS is or was not required at the time of such transaction.

Any review and approval of an investment or transaction by CFIUS may have outsized impacts on transaction certainty, timing, feasibility, and cost, among other things. CFIUS policies and agency practices are rapidly evolving, and, in the event that CFIUS reviews one or more proposed or existing investment by investors, there can be no assurances that such investors will be able to maintain, or proceed with, such investments on terms acceptable to the parties to the transaction or such investors. Among other things, CFIUS could seek to impose limitations or restrictions on, or prohibit, investments by such investors (including, but not limited to, limits on purchasing D-Wave Quantum Common Shares, limits on information sharing with such investors, requiring a voting trust, governance modifications, or forced divestiture, among other things), or CFIUS could require us to divest a portion of D-Wave Quantum.

Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Intellectual Property

We may be unable to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights and proprietary information or prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of our technology, which could cause it to lose its competitive advantage.

Our intellectual property is important to our business. We rely on a combination of confidentiality clauses, assignment agreements and license agreements with employees and third parties, patents, trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks to protect our intellectual property and competitive advantage, all of which offer only limited protection. The steps we take to protect our intellectual property require significant resources and may be inadequate. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. We may be required to use significant resources to obtain monitor and protect our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our platform and our products and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of our proprietary information may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries. In addition, we may not be able to acquire or maintain appropriate domain names in all countries in which we do business or prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that are similar to, infringe upon, or diminish the value of our trademarks and other intellectual property. Furthermore, regulations governing domain names may not protect our trademarks or similar proprietary rights.

We enter into confidentiality and intellectual property agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with the parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances. These agreements may not be effective in securing ownership of our intellectual property or controlling access to our proprietary information and trade secrets. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect certain technologies may be breached, may not be adequate to protect our confidential information, trade secrets and proprietary technologies and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, trade secrets or proprietary technology. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors or others from independently developing technology that is substantially equivalent or superior to our technology. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and confidential information, and in such cases, we likely would not be able to assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Additionally, we may from time to time be subject to opposition or similar proceedings with respect to applications for registrations of our intellectual property, including our trademarks. While we aim to acquire adequate protection of our brand through trademark registrations in key markets, occasionally third parties may have already registered

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or otherwise acquired rights to identical or similar marks for services that also address our market. We rely on our brand and trademarks to identify our platform and to differentiate our platform and services from those of our competitors, and if we are unable to adequately protect our trademarks third parties may use our brand names or trademarks similar to ours in a manner that may cause confusion in the market, which could decrease the value of our brand and adversely affect our business and competitive advantages.

Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property and misappropriation of our technology and trade secrets is difficult and we may not always be aware of such unauthorized use or misappropriation. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized third parties may attempt to use, copy or otherwise obtain and market or distribute our intellectual property rights or technology or otherwise develop services with the same or similar functionality as our platform and products. If our competitors infringe, misappropriate or otherwise misuse our intellectual property rights and we are not adequately protected, or if our competitors are able to develop a platform or product with the same or similar functionality as ours without infringing our intellectual property, our competitive advantage and results of operations could be harmed. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. As a result, we may be aware of infringement by our competitors, but may choose not to bring litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights due to the cost, time and distraction of bringing such litigation. Furthermore, if we do decide to bring litigation, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits challenging or opposing our right to use and otherwise exploit particular intellectual property, services and technology or the enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could delay further sales or the implementation of our solutions, impair the functionality of our platform, prevent or delay introductions of new or enhanced solutions, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our platform or injure our reputation. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to developing and protecting their technology or intellectual property rights than we do.

Our patent applications may not result in issued patents or our patent rights may be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from interfering with the commercialization of our products.

Our patent applications may not result in issued patents, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from commercially exploiting products similar to ours. The status of patents involves complex legal and factual questions and the breadth of claims allowed is uncertain. As a result, we cannot be certain that any patent applications we have or will file will result in patents being issued, or that our patents and any patents that may be issued to us will afford protection against competitors with similar technology. Numerous patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields in which we have developed and are developing our technology. In addition to those who may have patents or patent applications directed to relevant technology with an effective filing date earlier than any of our existing patents or pending patent applications, any of our existing or pending patents may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable. Furthermore, patent applications filed in foreign countries are subject to laws, rules and procedures that differ from those of the United States, and thus we cannot be certain that foreign patent applications related to issued United States patents will be issued.

Even if our patent applications succeed and we are issued patents in accordance with them, it is still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope in the future. The rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with meaningful protection or competitive advantages, and some foreign countries provide significantly less effective patent enforcement than in the United States. In addition, the claims under any patents that issue from our patent applications may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to ours. The intellectual property rights of others could also bar us from licensing and exploiting any patents that issue from our pending applications. In addition, patents issued to us may be infringed upon or designed around by others and others may obtain patents that it needs to license or design around, either of which would increase costs and may adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We may face patent infringement and other intellectual property claims that could be costly to defend, result in injunctions and significant damage awards or other costs. If third parties claim that we infringe upon or otherwise violate their intellectual property rights, our business could be adversely affected.

The computing and software industries are characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents, copyright and other intellectual property rights. Third parties may assert that our platform, solutions, technology, methods or practices infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate their intellectual property. We face the risk of claims that we have infringed or otherwise violated third parties’ intellectual property rights. Our future success depends in part on not infringing upon or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others. From time to time, our competitors or other third parties may claim that we are infringing upon or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon or otherwise violating such rights. We may be unaware of the intellectual property rights of others that may cover some or all of our technology or conflict with our trademark rights. Any claims of intellectual property infringement or other intellectual property violations, even those without merit, could:

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| • |  | be expensive and time consuming to defend;

| • |  | cause us to cease making, licensing or using our platform or products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

| • |  | require us to modify, redesign, reengineer or rebrand our platform or products, if feasible;

| • |  | cause significant delays in introducing new or enhanced services or technology;

| • |  | divert management’s attention and resources; or

| • |  | require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property.

Any royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. A successful claim of infringement against us could result in our being required to pay significant damages, enter into costly settlement agreements, or prevent us from offering our platform or products, any of which could have a negative impact on our operating profits and harm our future prospects. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers or business partners in connection with any such litigation and to obtain licenses, modify our platform or products, or refund subscription fees, which could further exhaust our resources. Such disputes could also disrupt our platform or products, adversely affecting our customer satisfaction and ability to attract customers.

Some of our intellectual property has been conceived or developed pursuant to government-funding agreements which impose certain obligations on us. Compliance with such obligations may limit our ability to freely transfer our assets without incurring substantial additional repayment obligations.

Our government-funding agreements may contain certain restrictive covenants that either limit our ability to, or require a prepayment, in the event we incur additional indebtedness or liens, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, engage in new lines of business, add new offices or business locations, make certain investments, pay dividends, transfer or dispose of certain assets, liquidate or dissolve, amend certain material agreements and enter into various specified transactions. We, therefore, may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent required by these agreements. Furthermore, our future working capital, borrowings or equity financing could be unavailable to repay or refinance the amounts outstanding under any of these agreements.

In addition, we may also incur additional indebtedness in the future. The instruments governing such indebtedness could contain provisions that are as, or more, restrictive than those to which we are presently subject. Any such present or future restrictions may limit our ability to meet or business, financing or other goals which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Risks Related to Being a Public Company

Our management has limited experience operating a public company, and thus its success in such endeavors cannot be guaranteed.

Our executive officers have limited experience in the management of a publicly traded company. Our management team may not successfully or effectively manage D-Wave Quantum’s transition to a public company that is subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under U.S. securities laws. Their limited experience in dealing with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies could be a significant disadvantage in that it is likely that an increasing amount of their time may be devoted to these activities which will result in less time being devoted to the management and growth of the post-combination company. We may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal control over financial reporting required of public companies in the United States. This could impact our ability or prevent us from timely reporting our operating results, timely filing required reports with the SEC and complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). The development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for us to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company in the United States may require costs greater than expected. It is possible that we will be required to expand our employee base and hire additional employees to support our operations as a public company, which will increase our operating costs in future periods.

If we are unable for any reason to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE, such action or inaction could result in a delisting of our securities.

If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the NYSE (for example, the NYSE corporate governance requirements or the NYSE minimum closing bid price requirement), the NYSE may take steps to delist our securities. On February 6, 2023, the closing price of our Common Shares on the NYSE was $1.36, which is only slightly above the NYSE’s minimum closing bid

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requirement of $1.00. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our securities and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, actions taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements may not allow our securities to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our securities, prevent such securities from dropping below any minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with the NYSE listing requirements.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about D-Wave Quantum’s business, the price and trading volume of D-Wave Quantum’s securities could decline.

The trading market for D-Wave Quantum’s securities will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about D-Wave Quantum, its business, market or competitors. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on D-Wave Quantum. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of D-Wave Quantum, D-Wave Quantum’s share price and trading volume would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who may cover D-Wave Quantum change their recommendation regarding the Common Shares adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about D-Wave Quantum’s competitors, the price of the Common Shares would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover D-Wave Quantum were to cease coverage of D-Wave Quantum or fail to regularly publish reports on it, D-Wave Quantum could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause its share price or trading volume to decline.

There is a risk that we will fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls and our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be adversely affected. We may identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financing reporting which we may not be able to remedy in a timely manner.

As a public company, we operate in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment, which requires us to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the regulations of the NYSE, the rules and regulations of the SEC, expanded disclosure requirements, accelerated reporting requirements and more complex accounting rules. Responsibilities required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act include establishing corporate oversight and adequate internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent financial fraud. Prior to the Transaction, we had never been required to test our internal controls within a specified period and, as a result, we may experience difficulty in meeting these reporting requirements in a timely manner.

The process of building our accounting and financial functions and infrastructure has, and will continue to, require significant additional professional fees, internal costs and management efforts. We may need to enhance and/or implement a new internal system to combine and streamline the management of our financial, accounting, human resources and other functions. However, the enhancement and/or implementation of a system has and may continue to result in substantial costs. Any disruptions or difficulties in implementing or using such a system could adversely affect our controls and harm our business. Moreover, such disruption or difficulties could result in unanticipated costs and diversion of management’s attention. In addition, we may discover additional weaknesses in our system of internal financial and accounting controls and procedures that could result in a material misstatement of our financial statements. Our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.

If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, or if we are unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and results of operations could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the NYSE, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to remedy this weakness or maintain an effective system of internal controls, then our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be adversely affected. We may identify additional material weaknesses in our internal controls over financing reporting which we may not be able to remedy in a timely manner.

In connection with the preparation and audit of D-Wave Systems’ financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the preparation of D-Wave’s financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, material weaknesses were identified in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Specifically, a material weakness was identified in D-Wave Systems’ control environment related to its financial statement close process: D-Wave

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Systems lacked sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel with requisite knowledge and experience in the application of complex areas of GAAP and SEC rules to facilitate accurate and timely financial reporting and D-Wave Systems lacked adequate accounting personnel to perform sufficient review over certain areas including derivative accounting, non-routine revenue transactions, equity, government assistance, business combinations, and classifications within the consolidated statements of cash flow, which resulted in a number of material year end audit adjustments made prior to the issuance of the financial statements of D-Wave Systems and D-Wave, as applicable, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.

If this material weakness is not remediated, it could result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. We are implementing measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate this material weakness including adding additional qualified accounting personnel with experience with complex GAAP and SEC rules, engaging consultants to assist with the financial statement close process, and segregating duties among accounting personnel to enable adequate review controls. The primary costs associated with such measures are corresponding recruiting and additional salary and consulting costs, which are difficult to estimate at this time but which may be significant. These additional resources and procedures are intended to enable us to broaden the scope and quality of our internal review of underlying information related to financial reporting and to formalize and enhance our internal control procedures.

The material weakness will not be considered remediated until our remediation plan has been fully implemented, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively. We are continuing to work on the implementation of our remediation plan, following which we will continue to test such controls over time. We cannot predict the success of such efforts or the outcome of its assessment of the remediation efforts. Our efforts may not remediate this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or additional material weaknesses may be identified in the future. A failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our consolidated financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements, and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence in us and cause a decline in the price of our common stock.

Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed or operating.

We will incur increased costs as a result of our operation as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time and resources to employing new compliance initiatives in order to comply with the regulatory requirements applicable to public companies.

Following the completion of the Transaction, we became a public company and a result we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules adopted, and to be adopted, by the SEC and the NYSE. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, we expect these rules and regulations to substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits or incur substantially higher costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. We cannot predict or estimate the amount or timing of additional costs we may incur to respond to these requirements. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

General Risk Factors

Our business is exposed to risks associated with litigation and may become subject to litigation, investigations and regulatory proceedings including product liability claims, which could harm our financial condition and liquidity if we are not able to successfully defend or insure against such claims.

From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, we may become involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial, product liability, employment, class action and other litigation and claims, as well as governmental and regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. In addition, our insurance or indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. Furthermore, because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the results of such actions may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

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Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We may be subject to taxes by the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:

| • |  | allocation of expenses to and among different jurisdictions;

| • |  | changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;

| • |  | expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;

| • |  | tax effects of stock-based compensation;

| • |  | costs related to intercompany restructurings;

| • |  | changes in tax laws, tax treaties, regulations or interpretations thereof; or

| • |  | lower than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory tax rates.

In addition, we may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other taxes by U.S. federal, state, and local and foreign taxing authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us may materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulation or ordinances could be enacted at any time, or interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us, any of which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial performance and operating results. In particular, presidential, congressional, state and local elections in the United States could result in significant changes in, and uncertainty with respect to, tax legislation, regulation and government policy directly affecting our business or indirectly affecting us because of impacts on our customers, suppliers and manufacturers. For example, the United States government has recently enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 which, among other things, significantly changes the taxation of business entities including by imposing an alternative minimum tax on certain corporations, and may, from time to time, enact other changes to the taxation of business entities the likelihood of which is unclear. We are currently unable to predict whether such changes will occur and, if so, the ultimate impact on our business. To the extent that such changes have a negative impact on us, including as a result of related uncertainty, these changes may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

If we do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our securities may decline.

If we do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our securities may decline. In addition, fluctuations in the price of our securities could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. The trading price of our securities could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in our securities and our securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of our securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.

Factors affecting the trading price of our securities may include:

| • |  | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to it;

| • |  | changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results;

| • |  | success of competitors;

| • |  | our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period;

| • |  | changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning D-Wave Quantum or the industries in which D-Wave Quantum operates;

| • |  | operating and share price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to D-Wave Quantum;

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum’s ability to market new and enhanced products and technologies on a timely basis;

| • |  | changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;

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| • |  | our ability to meet compliance requirements;

| • |  | commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving D-Wave Quantum;

| • |  | changes in D-Wave Quantum’s capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;

| • |  | the volume of Common Shares available for public sale;

| • |  | any changes in our board of directors or management;

| • |  | sales of substantial amounts of Common Shares by our directors, executive officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and

| • |  | general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism. See “—Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Business and Industry”

Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general, and the NYSE in particular, have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to D-Wave Quantum could depress D-Wave Quantum’s share price regardless of D-Wave Quantum’s business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.

D-Wave Quantum qualifies as an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if D-Wave Quantum takes advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, it could make D-Wave Quantum’s securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare D-Wave Quantum’s performance to the performance of other public companies.

D-Wave Quantum qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, D-Wave Quantum is eligible for and intends to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as it continues to be an emerging growth company, including (a) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (b) the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (c) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements. D-Wave Quantum will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement, (b) in which D-Wave Quantum has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which D-Wave Quantum is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of Common Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which D-Wave Quantum has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as D-Wave Quantum is an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period and, therefore, D-Wave Quantum may not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Investors may find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions, which may result in a less active trading market for the Common Shares and the price of the Common Shares may be more volatile.

In the future, we may become a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of the NYSE. As a result, we may qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that would otherwise be applicable to NYSE-listed companies.

D-Wave Quantum’s principal stockholder, PSP, beneficially owns approximately 52% of the issued and outstanding shares of D-Wave Quantum (including Exchangeable Shares). On September 26, 2022, D-Wave Quantum and PSP entered into the PSP Side Letter Agreement, pursuant to which PSP agreed that for so long as PSP beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares representing 50% or more of the rights to vote at a meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust (i) PSP will not exercise the voting rights attached to any of such shares that would result in PSP voting, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust, more than 49.99% of the voting interests eligible to vote at any meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum and (ii) PSP will vote such shares in favor of the election of the directors that are nominated by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum or a duly authorized committee thereof. As a result of the limitations imposed by the PSP Side Letter Agreement, we do not believe that we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the

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corporate governance standards of the NYSE, which require that more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors be held by an individual, group or entity, and we are not currently utilizing any of the “controlled company” exemptions. However, we may become a “controlled company” in the future. If we become a “controlled company”, we would be able to elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE, including:

| • |  | the requirement that a majority of our board of directors consist of “independent directors” as defined under the rules of the NYSE;

| • |  | the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;

| • |  | the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

| • |  | the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees.

Regardless of whether we become a “controlled company”, we do not intend to utilize any of the exemptions available to a “controlled company.” However, despite our intent, we would be able to elect to utilize such exemptions at our discretion if and for so long as we are a “controlled company.” Accordingly, if in the future we were to become a “controlled company” and we exercised our discretion to utilize such “controlled company” exemptions, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.

The interests of D-Wave Quantum’s principal stockholder, which is able to exert significant influence on the election of the members of D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors and other significant corporate decisions, may conflict with the interests of D-Wave Quantum or its stockholders in the future.

D-Wave Quantum’s principal stockholder, PSP, beneficially owns approximately 52% of the issued and outstanding shares of D-Wave Quantum (including Exchangeable Shares), and is therefore able to exert significant influence on the vote on all matters submitted to a vote of D-Wave Quantum stockholders, which would enable it to significantly influence the election of the members of D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors and other significant corporate decisions. In particular, for so long as PSP continues to own a significant percentage of such shares, PSP may be able to prevent a change of control of D-Wave Quantum or a change in the composition of its board of directors and could effectively preclude any unsolicited acquisition of D-Wave Quantum. Such concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your Common Shares as part of a sale of D-Wave Quantum, and ultimately may affect the market price of such shares. PSP and its affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities, and in the ordinary course of their business may engage in activities where their interests conflict with the interests of D-Wave Quantum or those of its other stockholders.

On September 26, 2022, D-Wave Quantum and PSP entered into the PSP Side Letter Agreement pursuant to which PSP agreed that for so long as PSP beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares representing 50% or more of the rights to vote at a meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust (i) PSP will not exercise the voting rights attached to any of such shares that would result in PSP voting, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust, more than 49.99% of the voting interests eligible to vote at any meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum and (ii) PSP will vote such shares in favor of the election of the directors that are nominated by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum or a duly authorized committee thereof.

Financial projections with respect to D-Wave Quantum may not prove to be reflective of actual financial results.

In connection with the Transaction, the board of directors of DPCM considered, among other things, internal financial forecasts prepared by, or at the direction of, the management of D-Wave Quantum. D-Wave Quantum does not, as a matter of general practice, publicly disclose long-term forecasts or internal projections of its future performance, revenue, financial condition or other results. None of these projections or forecasts were prepared with a view towards public disclosure or compliance with the published guidelines of the SEC, U.S. GAAP, IFRS or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation and presentation of financial forecasts. Neither DPCM’s independent registered public accounting firm nor D-Wave Quantum’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP have audited, reviewed, examined, compiled nor applied agreed-upon procedures with respect to the unaudited prospective financial information, and accordingly, they do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. These projections and forecasts are inherently based on various estimates and assumptions that are subject to the judgment of those preparing them. These projections and forecasts are also subject to significant economic, competitive, industry and other uncertainties and contingencies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict and many of which are beyond the control of D-Wave Quantum. There can be no assurance that D-Wave Quantum’s financial condition, including its cash flows or results of operations, will be consistent with those set forth in such projections and forecasts, which could have an adverse impact on the market price of the Common Shares or the business, financial condition and results of operations of D-Wave Quantum.

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The historical financial results of D-Wave Systems and unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus may not be indicative of what D-Wave Systems’ actual financial position or results of operations would have been if it were a public company.

The historical financial results of D-Wave Systems included in this prospectus do not reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows it would have achieved as a public company during the periods presented or those that D-Wave Systems will achieve in the future. D-Wave Systems’ financial condition and future results of operations could be materially different from amounts reflected in D-Wave Systems’ historical financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, so it may be difficult for investors to compare D-Wave Systems’ future results to historical results or to evaluate its relative performance or trends in its business.

As a privately held company, D-Wave Systems has not been required to comply with many corporate governance and financial reporting practices and policies required of a publicly traded company. As a result of the Transaction, D-Wave Quantum is a public company with significant operations, and as such (and particularly after it is no longer an “emerging growth company”), will face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that D-Wave Systems did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations implemented by the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements require it to carry out activities D-Wave Systems has not done previously. In addition, expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements will be incurred. If any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if the auditors identify a significant deficiency or additional material weaknesses in the internal control over financial reporting), D-Wave Quantum could incur additional costs to rectify those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect its reputation or investor perceptions. In addition, D-Wave Quantum has purchased director and officer liability insurance, which has substantial additional premiums. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs. The additional reporting and other obligations associated with being a public company will increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities.

Similarly, the unaudited pro forma financial information in this prospectus is presented for illustrative purposes only and has been prepared based on a number of assumptions including, but not limited to, D-Wave Quantum being treated as the “acquiror” for financial reporting purposes in the Transaction, the total debt obligations and the cash and cash equivalents of D-Wave Quantum on the date the Transaction closed.

Accordingly, such pro forma financial information may not be indicative of D-Wave Quantum’s future operating or financial performance and D-Wave Quantum’s actual financial condition and results of operations may vary materially from the pro forma results of operations and balance sheet contained elsewhere in this prospectus, including as a result of such assumptions not being accurate. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information.”

Risks Related to Ownership of the Common Shares

D-Wave will have broad discretion in the use of its cash, cash equivalents and investments, and it may invest or spend such amounts in ways with which you may not agree or in ways which may not yield a return.

D-Wave Quantum’s management will have considerable discretion in the application of its cash, cash equivalents and investments, and its stockholders will not have the opportunity to approve how such funds are being used. If such funds are used for corporate purposes that do not result in an increase to the value of its business, D-Wave Quantum’s stock price could decline. Pending their use, D-Wave Quantum, may invest its cash, cash equivalents and investments, in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

D-Wave may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, or D-Wave may be subject to restructuring, impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on D-Wave’s financial condition, results of operations and the price of D-Wave’s securities, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

Factors outside of D-Wave’s control may, at any time, arise. As a result of these factors, D-Wave may be forced to write-down or write-off assets, restructure its operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in D-Wave reporting losses, as other companies that have recently consummated business combinations with special purpose acquisition companies have been required to do. Even if certain risks were identified in the past, unexpected risks may arise, and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with prior expectation. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and therefore not have an immediate impact on D-Wave’s liquidity, the fact that D-Wave reports charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about D-Wave or its securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause D-Wave to be unable to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all.

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D-Wave may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

The price of the Common Shares has been and may continue to be volatile. For example, the price per Common share peaked at a high price of $13.23 on August 10, 2022, shortly following the completion of the Transaction, and has since declined, reaching a low of $1.36 per Common Share on February 6, 2023. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities litigation, including class action litigation. D-Wave may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on D-Wave’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject D-Wave to significant liabilities.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about D-Wave Quantum’s business, the price and trading volume of D-Wave Quantum’s securities could decline.

The trading market for D-Wave Quantum’s securities will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about D-Wave Quantum, its business, market or competitors. Securities and industry analysts currently publishing research on D-Wave Quantum may not continue to, and additional securities and industry analysts may never, publish research on D-Wave Quantum. If the number of securities or industry analysts is reduced or coverage is eliminated, D-Wave Quantum’s share price and trading volume would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who currently or may in future cover D-Wave Quantum change their recommendation regarding the Common Shares adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about D-Wave Quantum’s competitors, the price of the Common Shares would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover D-Wave Quantum were to cease coverage of D-Wave Quantum or fail to regularly publish reports on it, D-Wave Quantum could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause its share price or trading volume to decline.

The price of Common Shares has been and may continue to be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.

The market price of Common Shares has fluctuated significantly and may continue to do so in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond its control, including:

| • |  | actual or anticipated fluctuations in its revenue or other operating metrics;

| • |  | changes in the financial guidance provided to the public or D-Wave Quantum’s failure to meet this guidance;

| • |  | failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of D-Wave Quantum, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow D-Wave Quantum, or its failure to meet the estimates or the expectations of investors;

| • |  | changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

| • |  | the economy as a whole and market conditions in its industry;

| • |  | rumors and market speculation involving D-Wave Quantum or other companies in its industry;

| • |  | announcements by D-Wave Quantum or its competitors of significant innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;

| • |  | new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to its business;

| • |  | lawsuits threatened or filed against us;

| • |  | other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events;

| • |  | the expiration of contractual lock-up or market standoff agreements; and

| • |  | sales of additional Common Shares by D-Wave Quantum or its stockholders.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. For example, the price per Common Share peaked at a high price of $13.23 on August 10, 2022, shortly following the completion of the Transaction, and has since declined, reaching a low of $1.36 per Common Share on February 6, 2023. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If D-Wave Quantum were to become involved in securities litigation, it could be subjected to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from its business, and harm its business.

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The Warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of the Common Shares.

As of December 31, 2022, there were 17,916,560 Warrants outstanding, with each Warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares, subject to adjustment, at $11.50 per Common Share, commencing on September 4, 2022. Such Warrants, if exercised, would increase the number of issued and outstanding Common Shares and be dilutive to the Common Shares then outstanding.

The D-Wave Quantum Charter contains anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights of its stockholders.

The D-Wave Quantum Charter contains provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of D-Wave Quantum or cause it to engage in change-of-control transactions, including, among other things:

| • |  | provisions that authorize its board of directors, without action by its stockholders, to issue additional Common Shares and preferred stock with preferential rights determined by its board of directors;

| • |  | provisions that permit only a majority of its board of directors, the chairperson of the board of directors or the chief executive officer to call stockholder meetings and therefore do not permit stockholders to call special meetings of the stockholders;

| • |  | provisions generally eliminating stockholders’ ability to act by written consent;

| • |  | provisions requiring a two-thirds super majority vote to remove a director; and

| • |  | provisions requiring certain amendments to our governing documents be made by a two-thirds super majority vote.

These provisions could have the effect of depriving holders of our Common Shares of an opportunity to sell their Common Shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of D-Wave Quantum in a tender offer or similar transaction.

The D-Wave Quantum Charter provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit D-Wave Quantum’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with D-Wave Quantum or D-Wave Quantum’s directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

The D-Wave Quantum Charter requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that, unless DPCM’s consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of D-Wave Quantum; (b) any claim or cause of action for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder of D-Wave Quantum to D-Wave Quantum or D-Wave Quantum’s stockholders; (c) any claim or cause of action against D-Wave Quantum or any current or former director, officer or other employee of D-Wave Quantum, arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the D-Wave Quantum Charter or the amended and restated bylaws of D-Wave Quantum (the “D-Wave Quantum Bylaws”) (as each may be amended from time to time); (d) any claim or cause of action seeking to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of D-Wave Quantum Charter or D-Wave Quantum Bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time, including any right, obligation or remedy thereunder); (e) any claim or cause of action as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (f) any claim or cause of action against D-Wave Quantum or any current or former director, officer or other employee of the corporation, governed by the internal-affairs doctrine or otherwise related to the corporation’s internal affairs, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Subject to the preceding sentence, the federal district courts of the United States of America are to be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. However, such forum selection provisions do not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction or for which there is concurrent federal and state jurisdiction.

The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with D-Wave Quantum or its directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against D-Wave Quantum and its directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the D-Wave Quantum Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, D-Wave Quantum may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm D-Wave Quantum’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Because D-Wave Quantum has no current plans to pay cash dividends on Common Shares for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell Common Shares for a price greater than that which you paid for them.

D-Wave Quantum has not paid any dividends to its stockholders and has no intention to pay dividends on Common Shares for the foreseeable future. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors will consider whether or not to institute a dividend policy. The determination to pay dividends will depend on many factors, including, among others, D-Wave Quantum’s financial condition, current and anticipated cash requirements, contractual restrictions and financing agreement covenants, solvency tests imposed by applicable corporate law and other factors that D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, D-Wave Quantum’s ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness it or its subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in Common Shares unless you sell Common Shares for a price greater than that which you paid for them. See the section entitled “Market Price of Our Securities and Dividends.”

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Shares by Lincoln Park in this offering. We may receive up to $150.0 million in gross proceeds from the Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date that the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective. We estimate that the gross proceeds to us from the sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will be up to $150.0 million over up to an approximately 36-month period, assuming that we sell the full amount of Common Shares that we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, and before other estimated fees and expenses. We may sell fewer than all of the Common Shares offered by this prospectus, in which case our net offering proceeds will be less. Because we are not obligated to sell any Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement, the actual total offering amount and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. See “Plan of Distribution” elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions and other business opportunities and the repayment of indebtedness.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and in any accompanying prospectus supplements, as well as the amount of cash used in our operations. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds.

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DILUTION

The sale of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will have a dilutive impact on our shareholders. In addition, the lower the price of the Common Shares is at the time we exercise our right to sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, the more Common Shares we will have to sell to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and our existing shareholders would experience greater dilution.

The price that Lincoln Park will pay for the Common Shares to be resold pursuant to this prospectus will depend upon the timing of sales and will fluctuate based on the trading price of Common Shares.

As of September 30, 2022, our historical net tangible book deficit was $9.0 million, or $0.08 per Common Share. Our historical net tangible book deficit per share represents total tangible assets less total liabilities divided by the number of Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares) outstanding on September 30, 2022.

After giving effect to the assumed sale of 35,000,000 Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement at a price of $1.09 per share, the last reported sales price of the Common Shares on the NYSE on February 9, 2023, (which represents aggregate sale proceeds of approximately $38.2 million), and after deducting estimated offering expenses of $500,000 payable by us, our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2022 would have been approximately $28.6 million, or $0.20 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.28 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of $0.89 per Common Share to investors in this offering.

For further illustrative purposes, at an assumed average purchase price equal to the Floor Price of $1.00, we would need to register an additional 99,881,540 Common Shares (or 150,381,540 in aggregate) in order to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. We are not required to register any additional Common Shares.

Assuming that the Common Shares were sold at an average price equal to the Floor Price of $1.00 per Share and that we were to register sufficient additional Common Shares in order to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, after giving effect to the assumed sale of 150,000,000 Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement at a price of $1.00 per share, and after deducting estimated offering expenses of $500,000 payable by us, our pro forma as-adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2022 would have been approximately $140.5 million, or $0.54 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.62 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of $0.46 per Common Share to investors in this offering.

The number of Common Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2022 on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the closing of the Transaction and the other transactions contemplated thereby excludes:

| • |  | 16,965,849 shares initially reserved under the 2022 Plan;

| • |  | 8,036,455 shares initially reserved under the ESPP;

| • |  | 2,889,282 Common Shares underlying outstanding D-Wave Warrants;

| • |  | 26,059,361 Common Shares underlying outstanding Warrants; and

| • |  | 14,847,108 Common Shares underlying outstanding D-Wave Options.

To the extent that additional Common Shares are issued pursuant to the foregoing, investors purchasing Common Shares in this offering will experience further dilution. In addition, we may offer other securities in other offerings due to market conditions or strategic considerations. To the extent we issue such securities, investors may experience further dilution.

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MARKET PRICE OF OUR SECURITIES AND DIVIDENDS

Our Common Shares and Warrants began trading on the NYSE under the symbols “QBTS” and “QBTS.WT”, respectively, on August 8, 2022. On February 6, 2023, the last reported sales prices of the Common Shares and Warrants were $1.36 and $0.14, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there were approximately 175 holders of record of our Common Shares, approximately 60 holders of record of our Exchangeable Shares and 2 holders of record of our Warrants. Such numbers do not include beneficial owners holding our securities through nominee names.

Dividends

D-Wave Quantum has not paid any dividends to its stockholders and has no intention to pay dividends on Common Shares for the foreseeable future. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors will consider whether or not to institute a dividend policy. The determination to pay dividends will depend on many factors, including, among others, D-Wave Quantum’s financial condition, current and anticipated cash requirements, contractual restrictions and financing agreement covenants, solvency tests imposed by applicable corporate law and other factors that D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors may deem relevant.

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Defined terms included below have the same meaning as terms defined and included elsewhere in this prospectus. All dollar amounts are expressed in thousands of United States dollars (“$”), unless otherwise indicated.

On February 7, 2022, DPCM, D-Wave Quantum, Merger Sub, CallCo, ExchangeCo, and D-Wave Systems entered into the Transaction Agreement relating to the Transaction. On the Closing Date, the Transaction was consummated and DPCM and D-Wave Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of D-Wave Quantum and the stockholders of DPCM became stockholders of D-Wave Quantum. The Common Shares and the Warrants trade on the NYSE under the symbols “QBTS” and “QBTS.WT”, respectively.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on the historical unaudited financial statements of DPCM as of and for the period from January 1, 2022 through August 5, 2022, the historical audited financial statements of DPCM as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, the historical unaudited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Quantum as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the historical audited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Systems as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 as adjusted to give effect to the Transaction. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 gives effect to the Transaction as if it had occurred on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 gives effect to the Transaction as if it had occurred on January 1, 2021. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not include an unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of financial position as of September 30, 2022 as the financial position of the combined company as of such date is reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Quantum Inc. as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily reflect what the combined company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the Transaction occurred on January 1, 2021. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the combined company.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations have been derived from and should be read in conjunction with:

| • |  | the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations;

| • |  | the historical unaudited financial statements of DPCM as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and the audited financial statements of DPCM for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus;

| • |  | the historical unaudited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Quantum as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the audited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Systems for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus; and

| • |  | the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contained in DPCM’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information below reflects the 29,097,787 shares of the outstanding DPCM Class A Common Stock that were redeemed, resulting in an aggregate payment of $291.3 million out of the Trust Account, at a redemption price of $10.01 per share.

Description of the Transaction

As noted above, on February 7, 2022, DPCM entered into the Transaction Agreement with D-Wave Quantum, Merger Sub, CallCo, ExchangeCo, and D-Wave Systems. Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and in connection therewith, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein:

| • |  | On the Closing Date, the DPCM Merger was consummated;

| • |  | At the Effective Time, (a) each issued and outstanding share of DPCM Class A Common Stock (other than any shares of DPCM Class A Common Stock or shares of DPCM’s Class B Common Stock held in DPCM’s treasury or owned by D-Wave or any other wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave or DPCM immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “Excluded Shares”)) and after giving effect to the right of the holders of DPCM Class A Common Stock to redeem all or a portion

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| of their DPCM Class A Common Stock was automatically converted into and exchanged for the right to receive from the depositary, for each share of DPCM Class A Common Stock, a number of Common Shares equal to the Exchange Ratio and (b) each issued and outstanding share of DPCM Class B Common Stock (other than any Excluded Shares) was automatically converted into and exchanged for the right to receive from the depositary, one Common Share;

| • |  | Immediately following the DPCM Merger, the parties proceeded to effect the Arrangement on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the statutory plan of arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Plan of Arrangement”) and the Transaction Agreement or made at the direction of the Supreme Court of British Columbia (the “Court”) in accordance with the final order of the Court pursuant to Section 291 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), in a form acceptable to D-Wave and DPCM, each acting reasonably, approving the Arrangement with the prior written consent of DPCM and D-Wave, each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. Pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, (i) CallCo acquired a portion of the issued and outstanding share capital of D-Wave Systems (the “D-Wave Shares”) from certain holders in exchange for Common Shares (the “D-Wave Quantum Share Exchange”), (ii) CallCo contributed such D-Wave Shares to ExchangeCo in exchange for shares of ExchangeCo’s non-par value common stock, (iii) following the D-Wave Quantum Share Exchange, ExchangeCo acquired the remaining issued and outstanding D-Wave Shares from the remaining holders of D-Wave Shares in exchange for Exchangeable Shares and (iv) as a result of the foregoing, D-Wave Systems became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ExchangeCo. The holders of the Exchangeable Shares have certain rights as specified in the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement and the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement, including the right to exchange Exchangeable Shares for Common Shares;

| • |  | Immediately following the consummation of the DPCM Merger, pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, each outstanding D-Wave Share was automatically converted into and exchanged for the right to receive a number of Common Shares or Exchangeable Shares equal to, in the aggregate, the Per Share D-Wave Stock Consideration (as defined in the Transaction Agreement);

| • |  | Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the PIPE Investors entered into the PIPE Subscription Agreements, pursuant to which, among other things, each PIPE Investor subscribed to and agreed to purchase on the Closing Date, and D-Wave Quantum agreed to issue and sell to each such PIPE Investor on the Closing Date, the PIPE Shares; and

| • |  | On June 16, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us, at our option, up to $150,000,000 of Common Shares from time to time over a 36-month period following the Commencement Date. The Purchase Agreement is subject to certain limitations, including the Floor Price Limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation and the filing and effectiveness of this registration statement. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Offering—The terms of the Purchase Agreement limit the amount of Common Shares we may sell to Lincoln Park and the trading price of the Common Shares may decline as a result of the sale of Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or under the Resale Registration Statement, each of which may limit our ability to utilize the Purchase Agreement to enhance our cash resources”. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we also agreed to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee of $2,625,000. We paid the Commitment Fee entirely in Common Shares, in two tranches consisting of 127,180 and 254,360 Common Shares issued on August 5, 2022 and August 25, 2022, respectively.

Forfeiture Shares

Prior to the Transaction, Sponsor was the beneficial and record owner of 7,252,500 shares of the 7,500,000 outstanding shares of DPCM Class B Common Stock, or the Founder Shares. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Sponsor Support Agreement entered into on June 16, 2022, immediately prior to the Closing, the Sponsor forfeited 4,484,425 Founder Shares (the “Forfeited Shares”).

Basis of Pro Forma Presentation

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X of the SEC as amended by the final rule, Release No. 33-10786, Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses. Release No. 33-10786 replaces the historical pro forma adjustments criteria with simplified requirements to depict the accounting for the transaction (“Transaction Accounting Adjustments”) and present the reasonably estimable synergies and other transaction effects that have occurred or are reasonably expected to occur (“Management’s Adjustments”). D-Wave Quantum has elected not to present Management’s Adjustments and will only be presenting Transaction Accounting Adjustments in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. The adjustments presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information have been identified and presented to provide relevant information necessary for an understanding of the combined company upon consummation of the Transaction.

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The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, combines the historical statement of operations of DPCM for the period from January 1, 2022 to August 5, 2022, and the historical consolidated statement of operations of D-Wave Quantum for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and gives effect to the Transaction as if it had been consummated on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, combines the historical statement of operations of DPCM for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the historical consolidated statement of operations of D-Wave Systems for the year ended December 31, 2021, and gives effect to the Transaction as if it had been consummated on January 1, 2021.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies, tax savings, or cost savings that may be associated with the Transaction. DPCM and D-Wave Quantum have not had any historical relationship prior to the Transaction. In addition, DPCM and D-Wave Systems have not had any historical relationship prior to the Transaction. Accordingly, no pro forma adjustments were required to eliminate activities between the companies.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information below reflects the 29,097,787 shares of the outstanding DPCM Class A Common Stock that was redeemed, resulting in an aggregate payment of $291.3 million out of the Trust Account that holds the proceeds of the initial public offering of DPCM (including interest not previously released to DPCM to pay its taxes), at a redemption price of $10.01 per share.

Included in the weighted-average shares outstanding as presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information are the shares of D-Wave Quantum issued to D-Wave stockholders on the Closing Date, the Common Shares issued to existing DPCM investors, the Common Shares issued in respect of the Founder Shares, the shares issued to Lincoln Park to satisfy the Commitment Fee under the Purchase Agreement, and the PIPE Shares.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily reflect what the combined company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the Transaction occurred on January 1, 2021. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the combined company.

The Public Warrants and the warrants of DPCM held by the Sponsor that were issued to the Sponsor at the closing of DPCM’s initial public offering (“Private Warrants”) have been reported as liability-classified instruments that will be subsequently remeasured at fair value in future reporting periods, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The D-Wave Warrants have been classified as permanent equity.

Accounting for the Transaction

The Transaction represents a reverse merger and has been accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Under this method of accounting, DPCM, as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave Quantum, who is the legal acquirer, has been treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes and D-Wave Quantum has been treated as the accounting acquirer. This determination was primarily based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances. Upon consummation of the Transaction:

| • |  | D-Wave Systems’ existing stockholders have the majority of the voting interest in the combined company;

| • |  | The combined company’s board of directors has seven board members consisting of one board member designated by DPCM, three board members retained from the D-Wave Systems board, and three additional independent board members;

| • |  | D-Wave Systems’ senior management comprises all the senior management of the combined company; and

| • |  | D-Wave Systems’ operations comprises the ongoing operations of the combined company.

Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Transaction was treated as the equivalent of a capital transaction in which D-Wave Quantum issued stock for the net assets of DPCM, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Transaction are those of D-Wave Systems.

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | Historical |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | DPCM Capital, Inc. |  |  | D-Wave Systems Inc. |  |  | Transaction Accounting Adjustments |  |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. Pro Forma |
Revenue |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,279 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,279 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,750 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,750 |
Total gross profit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,529 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,529 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,401 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,401 |
General and administrative |  |  | 3,782 |  |  |  | 11,897 |  |  |  | 340 | (aa) |  |  | 16,019 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,179 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,179 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 3,782 |  |  |  | 43,477 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | 47,599 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (3,782 | ) |  |  | (38,948 | ) |  |  | (340 | ) |  |  | (43,070 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Interest expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,728 | ) |  |  | (417 | )(bb) |  |  | (2,145 | )
Government assistance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,167 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,167 |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 27,913 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,913 |
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (116 | )(cc) |  |  | — |
Unrealized loss on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9 | )(cc) |  |  | — |
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,163 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 801 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 28,038 |  |  |  | 7,403 |  |  |  | (542 | ) |  |  | 34,899 |
Net income (loss) before taxes |  | $ | 24,256 |  |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (882 | ) |  | $ | (8,171 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 24,246 |  |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (882 | ) |  | $ | (8,181 | )
Net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.28 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.07 | )(dd)
Net income per share, Class A common stock, basic and diluted |  |  | 0.65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per share, Class B common stock, basic and diluted |  |  | 0.65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | — |  |  |  | 111,911,127 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 110,262,679 |
Weighted average shares outstanding, Class A common stock, basic and diluted |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding, Class B common stock, basic and diluted |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements.

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | Historical |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | DPCM Capital, Inc January 1, 2022 - August 5, 2022 |  |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  |  | Transaction Accounting Adjustments |  |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. Pro Forma |
Revenue |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,778 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,778 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,778 |
Total gross profit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,933 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,933 |
General and administrative |  |  | 3,366 |  |  |  | 14,527 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,893 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,438 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,438 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 3,366 |  |  |  | 40,898 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,264 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (3,366 | ) |  |  | (37,898 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41,264 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,874 | ) |  |  | 855 | (ee) |  |  | (3,019 | )
Reduction of deferred underwriting fees |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 235 |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 2,687 |  |  |  | 2,603 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,290 |
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 786 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (786 | )(cc) |  |  | — |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,301 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,301 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 3,708 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 3,807 |
Net income (loss) before taxes |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | (37,457 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (147 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (147 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | (37,604 | )
Net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.34 | )(dd )
Net income per share, Class A common stock, basic and diluted |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per share, Class B common stock, basic and diluted |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  | 122,337,727 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 110,262,679 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, Class A common stock,basic and diluted |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, Class B common stock, basic and diluted |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements.

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Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

The pro forma adjustments are as follows:

Pro Forma Transaction Accounting Adjustments:

| (aa) | Reflects the stock-based compensation for stock options subject to accelerated vesting upon the consummation of the Transaction.

| (bb) | Reflects the elimination of the unamortized debt discount due to unamortized debt issuance costs.

| (cc) | Reflects the elimination of interest income and unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the Trust Account.

| (dd) | Reflects the pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations based upon the number of Common Shares outstanding at the closing of the Transaction, assuming the Transaction occurred on January 1, 2021. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations is in a loss position, anti-dilutive instruments were not included in the calculation of the diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the anti-dilutive instruments are described below).

Pro forma net loss per share—basic and diluted is calculated as follows:

(In thousands, except per share data) |  | Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |
Pro forma net loss |  | $ | (8,181 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |
Public shareholders |  |  | 1,312 |
PIPE investors |  |  | 5,817 |
Commitment Fee—Lincoln Park |  |  | 381 |
Sponsor shares |  |  | 2,769 |
Additional Former Class B Holder shares |  |  | 247 |
D-Wave shareholders |  |  | 99,737 |
Pro forma weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 110,263 |
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share(1) |  | $ | (0.07 | )

(1) | Because basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are the same in a net loss position, the combined pro forma net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2021 excludes 10,000,000 DPCM Public Warrants, 8,000,000 DPCM Private Warrants, 3,247,637 warrants to purchase D-Wave Systems Inc. preferred stock, and 617,972 warrants to purchase D-Wave Systems Inc. common stock.

Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

The pro forma adjustments are as follows:

Pro Forma Transaction Accounting Adjustments:

| (cc) | Reflects the elimination of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account.

| (dd) | Reflects the pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations based upon the number of Common Shares outstanding at the closing of the Transaction, assuming the Transaction occurred on January 1, 2021. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations is in a loss position, anti-dilutive instruments were not included in the calculation of the diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the anti-dilutive instruments are described below).

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Pro forma net loss per share—basic and diluted is calculated as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |
(In thousands, except per share data) |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |
Pro forma net loss |  | $ | (37,604 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |
Public Stockholders |  |  | 1,312 |
PIPE investors |  |  | 5,817 |
Initial tranche Commitment Fee—Lincoln Park |  |  | 381 |
Sponsor shares |  |  | 2,769 |
Additional Former Class B Holder shares |  |  | 247 |
D-Wave shareholders |  |  | 99,737 |
Pro forma weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 110,263 |
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share(1) |  | $ | (0.34 | )

(1) | Because basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are the same in a net loss position, the combined pro forma net loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 excludes 9,920,898 DPCM Public Warrants, 8,000,000 DPCM Private Warrants, and 3,247,637 warrants to purchase D-Wave Systems Inc. preferred stock.

| (ee) | Reflects the removal of interest expense on a loan with PSP as it is assumed that the loan would have been repaid on January 1, 2021 if the Transaction had occurred on January 1, 2021.

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BUSINESS

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this section to “D-Wave,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Transaction, and prior to the Consummation of the Transaction, to D-Wave Systems Inc., a British Columbia corporation.

Overview

Organizational Structure

The diagram below depicts a simplified version of D-Wave Quantum’s organizational structure.

As the Practical Quantum Computing Company, our mission is to unlock the power of quantum computing today to benefit business and society. We define “practical” as being focused on delivering quantum offerings and access, built to provide customer value for “commercial” use, which we define as customer use primarily focused on revenue-generating or cost-saving use cases. Our commercial-first approach brings quantum products to market that serve the needs of enterprise customers by solving their most complex and computationally intensive problems. We deliver this in real-time via cloud services. Today, customers can access our annealing quantum computer and quantum hybrid solvers, and we are developing a gate-model system with cross platform tools to help address a broader range of customer problem sets in the longer term.

We are a pioneer in the quantum industry. We were the first company to lease, deliver and install a quantum system (2010-2011). We were the first to enable early complex optimization applications on quantum computers, used by Volkswagen for taxi routing modelling (2017). We were the first to demonstrate peer-reviewed quantum mechanical effects within a quantum annealer (2018), as published in both Science and Nature. We were the first to deliver real-time quantum access via the cloud (2018), and we continue serving our customers via cloud-based offerings today.

We were also the first to deliver hybrid solver services, bringing quantum and classical resources together to run problems with up to one million variables (2020). Most recently, we were the first to deliver a 5,000-qubit system (2020) and the first to demonstrate a three-million-times speed-up over the best-known classical approaches—the latter published in Nature Communications (2021). Today, we are the only quantum computing company building commercial annealing quantum computing systems and developing gate-model quantum computing systems. All of these achievements have resulted in a blue-chip customer base, which, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, includes approximately two dozen companies from the Forbes Global 2000 and 63 commercial customers. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 54% of our revenue was from commercial customers in a variety of industries including financial, manufacturing, automotive, pharmaceutical, information technology, retail and professional services.

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Both our successful track record in commercializing annealing quantum computing systems—we’ve developed and delivered five generations of annealing quantum systems for practical use by customers—and our deep scientific and technical capabilities in hardware and software are key market differentiators. Delivered in the cloud, our real-time Quantum computing as a service, or QCaaS, is available in 38 countries. Additionally, with our professional services-enabled application development, we are the only quantum computing company that supports business applications at production scale today.

Our differentiated approach focuses on controlling the entire production cycle, from fabricating the quantum chips that power our quantum computers to developing the associated software and open-source development tools for quantum applications. This full-stack approach, coupled with our real-time quantum cloud delivery of those products, yields a regular, rapid product-to-market benefit. It also provides our customers with a powerful platform to address complex problems that can benefit from quantum computational power.

We believe that this product delivery and product enhancement cadence, integrated with our services-enabled approach and three-pronged go-to-market model (across direct sales, re-sellers and developers), gives us first-mover advantage and sustainable competitive differentiation. Altogether, this also allows us to offer demonstrable and repeatable business value to our customers by identifying potential quantum use cases, piloting quantum hybrid applications, and working with customers to bring those applications into production.

Introduction to Quantum Computing

While classical computing technology has delivered significant advancements, it has limitations. In classical computation, binary information is encoded in bits that can be in a 0 or 1 state. Classical processors manipulate and transform this binary information to run classical algorithms and perform computations. Still, many important and high-value problems remain problematic, which creates the irreplaceable demand for quantum computing capabilities. Our quantum computing systems harness the remarkable properties of quantum mechanics, in which quantum bits (qubits) can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously and can provide previously unavailable computational resources to enable new algorithms and applications and provide solutions that are outside the reach of classical computational computing systems.

The computational value of quantum computing underpins the promise of even greater societal and business impact, from the creation of new products and identification of new lines of business to solutions unimagined in drug discovery, weather modelling, global supply chain distribution, financial market optimization and new materials. As the only quantum computing company in the world building commercial annealing quantum computing systems and developing gate-model quantum computing systems, we can help customers benefit from a simplified, cross-platform experience that provides access to the full breadth of potential quantum applications. This dual-system approach is crucial to serving the full quantum TAM, as different types of quantum systems benefit different types of quantum applications: annealing systems are optimal for optimization problems, which today account for approximately 25 percent of the quantum TAM (as defined in “Our Growth Strategy” below); gate-model systems are best for differential equations, such as those in quantum chemistry; and both annealing and gate-model systems can solve linear algebraic and factoring problems, such as those in cryptography. And as use of quantum computers accelerates, we expect to find new, yet to be discovered, use cases that may be better suited for one or the other system.

By offering both annealing and gate-model quantum computers, we intend to impact the lifecycles of a broader range of use cases and serve as the only cross-platform solution for enterprise customers. For example, in the pharmaceutical sector, annealing systems are best suited for patient trial and supply chain optimization, as well as protein folding, while gate-model systems are best suited to assist with drug discovery. And both systems will likely play a role in quantum machine learning for toxicity mitigation. In manufacturing, new materials will be designed with gate-model systems, while factory automation improvements will be designed to deliver new products, built with those new materials, to market more efficiently using annealing systems. By providing both annealing and gate-model quantum compute capabilities, D-Wave will be able to address the entire use case rather than only a portion thereof, unlocking customers’ ability to use annealing and gate-model systems as a single-point solution.

Quantum computing enables our customers to find solutions to problems that couldn’t previously be solved or to arrive at optimal solutions far more quickly—both of which can significantly improve our customers’ profitability. In a December 2022 report by Hyperion Research, a high performance computing analyst firm, more than 80 percent of enterprises surveyed stated that they plan to increase their quantum computing commitment in the next two to three years, with more than one-third planning to invest at least $15 million annually in quantum computing efforts. All of this contributes to acceleration in the use of, and demand for, quantum computing. The need for quantum computing solutions is here today, and we believe D-Wave is well positioned to capture a significant portion of the commercial quantum computing market.

Our customer base reflects a highly diversified global portfolio of blue-chip enterprise customers, including Mastercard, Deloitte, BASF, Volkswagen, ArcelorMittal, Save-On-Foods, DENSO, BBVA, NEC, Accenture, and Lockheed Martin. In addition, thousands of developers around the globe have built early quantum software applications on our systems in areas as diverse as customer offer allocation, resource scheduling, job shop scheduling, mobility, logistics, drug discovery, portfolio optimization and manufacturing processes, plus many more under development, demonstrating increased recognition of the benefits of quantum computing across industries.

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We believe that most commercial quantum computation and successful application development will be hybrid, meaning that problems will be solved using both classical and quantum resources. Much like the value of a graphical processing unit in classical computation, quantum computers are accelerators. Our quantum hybrid approach offers customers the best of classical and quantum solvers, automatically determining which parts of problems are more suited to classical or quantum solutions and, in turn, enabling customers to see early quantum value on their current computational problems while preparing them to address more complex problems in the future.

We have already demonstrated important results. As noted in a recent peer-reviewed paper published in Nature Communications, our systems have demonstrated a three-million-times speed-up over the best-known classical approaches on an application in quantum materials simulation. This work illustrates that quantum computing provides superior outcomes for certain types of problems. Our customers have also been able to realize demonstrable value. For example, we worked with Save-On-Foods to create a quantum hybrid solution that saw time spent on grocery optimization tasks reduced from 25 hours to less than two minutes. In addition, we worked with SavantX, a quantum analytics company, to optimize cargo handling and truck scheduling at the Port of Los Angeles, increasing daily crane deliveries at Pier 300 from 60 to 97, a 62% increase in productivity.

We believe that our hybrid quantum computing approach will accelerate the value of quantum computing for enterprises today, and once fully-developed, our cross-platform offerings of both annealing and gate-model systems will provide access to the full quantum TAM. We believe we are poised to disrupt and revolutionize the notion of computational power. In turn, this will enable business and society to harness the value of the technology.

We are more than our innovative products. We are an organization of professionals across many disciplines and boast distinguished domain experts with decades of experience in their respective fields. We believe the maturity of our technologies, our deep professional services expertise, our history of delivering both scientific advancements and new quantum products via cloud services, and our proven track record of building and growing new markets fully equip us to partner with customers on their quantum journey and to continue to capture a significant portion of the growing market.

All of our systems, tools and products are, and will continue to be, focused on providing an accelerated path to practical, real-world applications that deliver measurable value to our customers.

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Our Quantum Computers, Developer Tools and Quantum Hybrid Solvers Delivered via QCaaS

We believe we are uniquely positioned to serve the growing market for quantum computing solutions and services. Our revenue is derived from cloud-based QCaaS, which includes access to a quantum computer with more than 5,000 qubits and quantum-classical hybrid solvers that can solve problems with up to one million variables. We also recognize revenue by helping customers build quantum hybrid applications through our professional services offerings. For a breakdown of revenue by type of product or service, please see Note 3 “Revenue from contracts with customers” included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements. While we generate revenue from these products and services, we have a history of net losses since inception and experienced negative cash flows from operations. See “Risk Factors— Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Financial Condition and Status as an Early-Stage Company—We have a history of losses and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.”

Advantage™ quantum computers: We are at the forefront of providing annealing quantum computers. Today’s Advantage annealing quantum system was built for business and excels at optimization problems ubiquitous in real-world commercial applications, such as optimizing manufacturing processes and reducing waste. Advantage is available in the Leap quantum cloud service, and access to Leap and other services can be purchased directly or through Amazon Web Services’ (“AWS”) Marketplace and other resellers such as NEC. We believe the industry is on at least a 7-10 year timeline for delivering scaled, error corrected gate-model systems, and we expect to be competitive on that timeline. Our planned scalable gate-model program will extend the Advantage platform to deliver gate-based quantum computing in a multilayer fabrication stack (as described below). We plan to do this by validating gate-model multi-layer fabrication, demonstrating scalable on-chip control, and ultimately delivering a 5,000 qubit scaled gate-model system with either full or partial error correction. We intend to apply the learning from our five generations of building annealing quantum computers to the manufacturing, scale and implementation of the gate-model program. While the development of the gate-model program is years away from commercialization, we’ll continue to invest in our Advantage annealing program with future generations of increasingly more powerful and connected quantum annealing systems.

A multilayer fabrication stack is composed of multiple alternating layers of superconducting metals, dielectric insulators, as well as other superconducting device layers, that allow for a dense, or space efficient implementation of complex circuitry. This approach allows us to integrate control and readout circuitry into the fabric of the quantum processor unit, and facilitates scaling to large processor sizes. Much like our existing annealing quantum computers, access to the gate-model quantum computers will be available via our Leap quantum cloud service, though there may be unique government classified applications that require stand-alone systems on customer premises.

Our offerings include:

Leap™ quantum cloud service: We are also at the forefront of providing real-time quantum cloud service offerings for production quantum use cases. Launched in 2018, and available in 38 countries and counting around the world, the Leap quantum cloud service was built to access state-of-the-art quantum computers and a quantum-classical hybrid solver service that can handle problems with up to one million variables. Users log in and immediately benefit from not only the quantum systems and hybrid solvers, but also a robust fully integrated development environment (“IDE”) and access to resources, tools and an emerging quantum developer community. Ocean™ developer tools: Offering a full suite of open-source programming tools, the Ocean software development kit (“SDK”) simplifies the process of building quantum hybrid applications while reducing associated time and cost.

D-Wave Launch™ on-board to quantum computing program: D-Wave Launch offers a phased approach to identifying and building in-production quantum hybrid applications. Across four distinct phases, our professional services team works with customers to help discover which problems would be most impacted by quantum solutions, develop quantum proofs-of-concept, pilot hybrid quantum applications and put those applications into production. Training and quantum computing access accompany the phases.

Customers and Applications

We categorize quantum use cases as either pre-production or production. For more than 10 years, customers have been using our quantum computers for modelling, testing and research while also providing a feedback loop that has not only grown into a collection of examples of how the system can be used today but also provides insight into emerging use cases. These are pre-product use cases.

We’re now observing a shift in certain quantum use cases, notably optimization-based, that are beginning to move into production, with customers identifying real business problems, developing quantum hybrid proofs-of-concept, piloting them, and beginning to run those use cases in production environments.

But this is just the beginning. As quantum annealing becomes more powerful and gate-model systems begin to come online over the next five to 10 years, other pre-production and production use cases are expected to emerge.

Pre-production: As of 2022, hundreds of user-built early applications have been developed to run on our quantum systems and in our hybrid solver service. Spanning a wide range of diverse industries, these applications include examples in airline scheduling, election modelling, quantum chemistry simulation, manufacturing optimization, preventative health care, portfolio optimization and logistics.

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For example:

| • |  | Volkswagen has investigated multiple use cases, including a commercial application that depended on live access to a quantum processor. During Web Summit 2019 in Lisbon, Volkswagen’s Quantum Shuttle project combined live Android data from buses, live traffic data and access to a D-Wave hybrid solver through Leap to optimize bus routes in real time.

Production: Our annealing quantum computer runs an algorithm that natively solves optimization problems. As a result, the use cases emerging from pre-production tend to fall into an optimization category. Applications include peptide design, employee scheduling, last-mile vehicle routing, paint shop scheduling, financial portfolio return optimization, farm-to-market food delivery, digital marketing, Organic Light-Emitting Diode materials development, financial risk reduction, marketing campaign optimization, shipping container logistics, ribonucleic acid folding and clinical trial optimization.

Examples include:

| • |  | SavantX, a quantum analytics company, worked with the Port of Los Angeles to create a quantum application specific to the port’s third largest terminal—Pier 300—to optimize cargo handling and truck scheduling using D-Wave’s annealing quantum computer. With the application, truck drivers are directed to the right container based on a crane’s current location, reducing crane movement while increasing crane productivity. The result of this system is the reduction of wait-time for truckers, and increased movement of containers out of the port. Deliveries a day per crane went from 60 to 97 following implementation, a 62% increase in productivity.

| • |  | Save-On-Foods, a western Canadian grocery retailer, successfully used our hybrid solver service in Leap, which incorporates the Advantage quantum processing unit (“QPU”), to find solutions to optimization problems in grocery logistics. The company was able to reduce the time needed for one optimization task from 25 hours to less than two minutes per week. Although the gain solely from the time saving is impressive, the real value is in allowing this business optimization, previously done weekly, to be done in real time, providing optimal solutions to ever-changing inputs and conditions. Save-On-Foods is now looking to apply our hybrid quantum capability to other challenges across its business.

| • |  | BBVA, a global financial institution, along with financial quantum applications partner Multiverse Computing, set out to identify management strategies that yield the highest Sharpe ratio—a metric reflecting the rate of return at a given level of risk. An algorithmic solver was used to find the optimal solution to a cost function equation that describes the risk, return and transaction costs associated with a given portfolio. Utilizing D-Wave’s hybrid solver service, BBVA was able to find the maximum value at the lowest risk in 171 seconds, even with 10382 possible portfolios. In comparison, tensor networks took an entire day and other classical solvers failed to find a solution.

| • |  | Volkswagen identified a commercial optimization application, the binary paint shop problem, which was run on D-Wave’s hybrid solver service. The solver outperformed four purely classical methods on problem sizes at commercial scale (N=3,000). In a separate project, similar inputs were tested using a leading ion trap system, which failed to find any commercial solution.

We expect the movement of pre-production into production will continue as quantum technologies advance. Below is an example of how this is expected to impact pharmaceuticals, while other verticals like manufacturing, logistics, financial services, mobility, energy and telecommunications also stand to benefit.

Pharmaceuticals: Quantum annealing today is showing early promise in use cases, including protein folding and optimization in drug trials, supply chain and manufacturing. We consider these use cases to be moving out of pre-production and into production. For example, Menten AI used our quantum hybrid solvers to design peptide therapeutics that could potentially help fight COVID-19. Menten AI was able to solve protein design problems by finding better solutions than those of competing classical solvers for de novo (from scratch) protein design, which can create better proteins and ultimately enable new drug discoveries. Menten AI is now in wet-lab testing phase. As annealing quantum computers mature, we expect to see use cases emerge that will utilize quantum machine learning for objectives such as anticipating drug toxicity. And as gate-model systems become less “noisy” and more error-tolerant, we expect to see an emergence in quantum chemistry for new drug discovery.

Enterprises are beginning to see ongoing benefit from their initial use cases. Moreover, the accumulated quantum learning experience is expected to accelerate the addition of new use cases, both as new applications emerge and technologies mature. The cycle of moving through pre-production into production provides continuous learning and innovation. Providing tangible customer value is an important way in which we differentiate ourselves from other companies in the market, whose primary focus, out of necessity, is scientific discovery rather than the delivery of quantum products for business-scale commercial applications.

Scientific applications: Our focus on customer value notwithstanding, we’re also able to demonstrate excellence in scientific applications. Over the past several years, simulation of quantum magnetic systems has emerged as a promising application and better means of studying the dynamics of the QPU, realizing Richard Feynman’s original vision of programmable quantum systems. Responding to a 2021 Nature Communications paper on a simulation of topological phenomena in a quantum magnet using a D-Wave 2000Q system, Nobel laureate J. Michael Kosterlitz, who won the prize for his work on this topic, said: “This paper represents a breakthrough in the simulation of physical systems which are otherwise essentially impossible.”

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The History of Building a Quantum Ecosystem

Building a quantum ecosystem of developers, talent, systems, software, tools, and users has been a core company focus. Throughout our history, we’ve demonstrated a successful track record of providing technology and innovation to customers. And we’ve gathered significant operational and commercial experience for running a quantum computing company at scale. Our hardware and software expertise provides us with a unique capability to address customer needs.

The early years of D-Wave were largely dedicated to research and development, leading to our first working qubits and scalable systems. In 2004, we made the critical and deliberate decision to focus on quantum annealing to deliver practical business value with quantum computing. By 2011, we’d officially moved our research and development into a new phase when we announced our collaboration with Lockheed Martin, allowing for outside scientists and engineers to work with quantum systems and to provide critical feedback on our continuing quantum system development. Since the Lockheed Martin engagement, our technology has been used for a variety of research and academic applications at companies and institutions including Google, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, NASA Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and University Space Research Organization. Through this early quantum access, we gained crucial feedback on how to improve quantum computers and make them more accessible for practical use. As a result, each generation of our quantum systems has enabled organizations to achieve dramatic improvements in performance.

In 2018, we removed barriers to access by launching Leap, which was the first real-time, publicly accessible quantum cloud service that allowed developers to access live quantum processors and create applications using Python, a high-level general-purpose programming language. D-Wave’s cloud approach facilitated and increased access to quantum computers, thereby allowing businesses, developers, and researchers to directly access our systems.

With thousands of developers active in Leap today, our focus on growing an ecosystem of quantum developers is paving the way for increasingly diverse quantum computing applications. As founding mentors of the Creative Destruction Lab’s quantum work stream, we’ve mentored companies using quantum computing, including OTI Lumionics, which is working on new material design; Menten AI and its drug discovery efforts; and Multiverse Computing, which is developing applications in the financial services space.

In 2019, our customers began to put application pilots into production. As previously mentioned, Volkswagen debuted the first-ever real-time quantum application in limited production, a quantum shuttle service that carried people between conference centers in Lisbon.

A year later, we released the Advantage quantum annealing computer, a 5,000-qubit system, along with new quantum hybrid solvers in the Leap quantum cloud service. This marked an inflection point that allowed far larger, more complex, business-scale problems to be solved on our systems. And in 2021, we released performance upgrades to the Advantage system and added a new hybrid solver to make it easier to solve problems with constraints. Business optimization problems use constraints, such as the distance a truck can travel before running out of gas (rather than assuming the truck can run indefinitely). In 2022, we introduced new updates to our hybrid solver, enabling businesses to run quadratic optimization problems with continuous variables as well as weighted constraints and introducing presolve techniques that simplify problem formulation. By incorporating constraints, the new solver is valuable in addressing real business problems of current and future customers.

In October 2021, we announced a preview of our next-generation quantum computing platform, which will include both annealing and gate-model quantum computers. With the expansion of our products and services to include gate-model systems, we believe we will be poised to provide the multiplatform computational power required to tackle a broad array of problems facing businesses.

Our Business Strategy and Differentiators

We are the Practical Quantum Computing Company for a reason. We have the longest track record of quantum computing companies working with customers on real-world, computationally complex, optimization problems. We are the only company in the industry with operational and commercial experience running a quantum computing business at scale. We are leaders in the development of the intersection of quantum hardware and software, unlocking greater ease of use and quantum hybrid application performance for customers. We are the only quantum computing company building annealing and developing gate-model quantum computers. What’s more, our commercial-first approach focuses on building products delivered via cloud services that help enterprises solve complex business problems and drive business value today. Combined, this gives us a unique perspective on how to anticipate and address the needs of customers, with a goal to accelerate quantum computing market creation and adoption.

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Full stack for the entire quantum journey: We are the only quantum computing company building annealing and developing gate-based quantum systems with a full-stack, cross-platform vision for the future. Our quantum-in-the-cloud offering comprises a complete portfolio of products and services that supports building in-production applications across broad use cases for businesses and developers. We currently deliver commercial annealing quantum systems via cloud services like our QCaaS, open-source application development tools and professional services that bring demonstrable business value to our customers. We’re also expanding into gate-model systems to provide coverage for a wider variety of customer use cases.

Cross-platform: Our platform-agnostic approach will help customers solve their toughest and most complex business problems without having to worry about which quantum technology approach or platform to use. Upon the development of our gate-model systems, customers will not have to choose between annealing or gate-model systems, as our cross-platform open-source developer tools will enable them to invest in one tool and use it across multiple quantum systems.

Hybrid strategy: Some problems are solved with classical resources, others with quantum resources. But many are best solved with a combination of both. That is why our product strategy enables customers to tap into and harness the power of both quantum and classical resources to satisfy their given use case. Our hybrid solvers (part of our Leap quantum cloud service) offer a seamless way for end users to easily leverage both our quantum and classical resources via the cloud to run complex problems. Over 40 million problems have been run on the Advantage annealing quantum computer directly and through hybrid solvers since its launch in September 2020.

Annealing for optimization: While our strategy encompasses both annealing and gate-model technologies, we are the only quantum computing company in the world that builds and delivers annealing quantum computers. Quantum annealing is uniquely effective at solving optimization problems, and this problem class makes up a significant proportion of the enterprise problem universe. Moreover, optimization use cases are suitable to a recurring revenue model, as many are repeatable, real-time (always-on) processes. Recent publications point to the fact that annealing is better for solving optimization problems both today and in the future. Conversely, the pre-processing overhead and lesser performance of current gate-model systems make them ineffective in solving optimization problems.

Practical quantum computing for accelerated time-to-value: We build products and services that help enterprises solve complex business problems and deliver business value today. All of our systems, tools and products are, and will continue to be, focused on providing an accelerated path to practical, real-world applications that deliver value to our customers.

Cloud-first and enterprise scale: The Leap quantum cloud service provides real-time access to production-grade annealing quantum computers with enterprise class performance and scalability. Leap is engineered for high reliability and availability and provides the security and privacy measures needed for enterprises to go live with in-production quantum hybrid applications.

| • |  | Professional services accelerate QCaaS: Our consumption and delivery models feature a professional-services-enabled approach for application discovery and proof-of-concept development, and a QCaaS model for recurring revenue as applications move to production. This model enables us to capture professional services revenue in the first half of the customer journey and recurring QCaaS revenue in the second half once the application has been built and validated.

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Our Business Model

| • |  | Three-pronged go-to-market model: Our go-to-market model—across direct sales, re-sellers and developers—drives enterprise value and extends reach to scale.

| • |  | Our direct sales strategy involves: (1) growing our existing customer base by accelerating the path from pre-production to in-production application deployment on Leap, our quantum cloud service; and (2) acquiring net new customers using D-Wave Launch, a services-enabled journey to the adoption of quantum technology. For direct to enterprise sales, we sell through a four-phased customer engagement that we call D-Wave Launch. We describe phase 1 as our discovery phase. In this phase, our professional services organization works with customers to identify one or more applications that are valuable for their business and that could be run on one of our quantum hybrid solvers. We describe phase 2 as our proof of concept (PoC) phase. In this phase, again our professional services organization works with the customer to build out an actual software implementation and we begin to run the software on the Leap quantum cloud service to test if the implementation works correctly and if the customer begins to see early business value. We describe phase 3 as our pilot deployment phase. In this phase, we expand the implementation to support running the application at business scale. For example: in the case of delivery scheduling, we would add more vehicles to the model, for example from 10 trucks to 100. Or in the case of a portfolio optimization problem, we would add additional portfolios to test the performance of the quantum hybrid solver at larger business size problems. We describe phase 4 as putting the quantum hybrid application into full production. In this phase, our customer is running the problem in their infrastructure and connected to the Leap quantum cloud service, at full scale, deriving additional business benefits beyond those identified in earlier phases. Phases 1-3 are considered non-recurring revenue per application as they are phases that the customer moves through to get to full production (phase 4). Phase 4 represents recurring revenue as the application in full production consumes QCaaS resources to run the full production application on an ongoing basis. As an application consumes QCaaS resources, D-Wave recognizes the revenue. See “—Our Quantum Computers, Developer Tools and Quantum Hybrid Solvers Delivered via QCaaS—D-Wave Launch™ on-board to quantum computing program”.

| • |  | Our partner strategy involves: (1) expanding our reach by enabling AWS customers to purchase Leap and other services through AWS Marketplace; (2) creating new markets and unlocking new use cases via systems consultants and integrators such as Deloitte and Accenture; and (3) building an ecosystem of global re-sellers such as NEC, and regional re-sellers such as Strangeworks and Sigma-i. For our partner-led strategy, we work with system integrators, independent software vendors and cloud providers to resell our Leap quantum cloud service around the globe to scale our business.

| • |  | Our developer strategy involves: (1) providing access to a free trial of Leap, our quantum cloud service; (2) driving developer product usage, quantum application development and community engagement to maximize developer conversions (from free to paid); and (3) lead generation, i.e., engaging our developer base for potential new enterprise customer accounts. We do this by offering free, unlimited access to our Leap quantum cloud service platform. In this platform, users have unlimited “always on” access to demos, code samples, training materials, an integrated developer environment, and a community forum. Initially, they also receive up to one minute of free use of the actual QPUs and quantum hybrid solvers. Because of the speed of the QPU, one minute of QPU time is equal to running between 400 and

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| 4000 different problems. Developers who attach their GitHub account to their Leap sign ups continue to receive one free minute monthly. There is currently no limit to the ability to receive an additional one minute of free time each month, assuming developers continue to open source their work and associate their GitHub account. To date, more than 34,000 developers have joined our ecosystem.

Our Growth Strategy

According to the Boston Consulting Group (“BCG”), the quantum computing TAM is projected to grow from $2 billion to $5 billion in 2022-2025 to $450 billion to $850 billion by 2040 (and beyond) with 20 percent of the overall TAM being available to quantum hardware, software, and service providers, with the remaining 80% of the TAM being the value captured by quantum computing end-users.

BCG estimates that combinatorial optimization problems, which are best suited for annealing systems, will represent approximately 24 to 26 percent of the TAM, which translates to $500 million to $1.2 billion near-term growing to $112 billion to $212 billion longer-term. The 20% of this that is expected to be available to quantum hardware, software and service providers is $100 million to $250 million near-term growing to $22 billion to $42 billion longer-term. This, coupled with the broad TAM for other emerging quantum use cases such as quantum chemistry, quantum machine learning and quantum cryptography that our annealing and gate-model systems will support, represents a significant and growing opportunity.

We believe our full-stack, cross-platform approach, alongside our go-to-market strategy, technical capabilities and product vision, positions us to capture a significant portion of the quantum TAM available to hardware, software and service providers.

Our overall growth strategy has three key focus areas: (1) build the business; (2) advance the science; and (3) improve the technology.

Build the business: We continue to build the business through a combination of QCaaS cloud services, professional services, and developer ecosystem growth. The key elements of this strategy are:

| • |  | Win the fast-growing optimization market: Quantum annealing is uniquely suited for solving optimization problems and, as noted above, this problem class is anticipated to comprise $22 billion to $42 billion of the longer-term quantum computing TAM that is available to hardware, software and service providers. As the only company in the world offering quantum annealing, we’ll continue to leverage this competitive position and acquire additional customers with optimization use cases across multiple verticals, including financial services, manufacturing/logistics, mobility, and life sciences/pharmaceuticals.

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| • |  | Direct sales, recurring revenue and expanding partner strategy: We’re pursuing multiple revenue streams from our three-pronged go-to-market model. Our main line of business—cloud service—has seen significant year-over-year growth, which we anticipate will continue. Specifically, between 2018, when we introduced our Leap cloud service, and the end of 2021, cloud revenue has grown at a compound annual growth rate of 33 percent. We have two types of cloud revenue contracts: large, multiyear engagements and smaller, recurring contracts that are often multi-month in duration. We continue to acquire net new customers through the D-Wave Launch program and further drive recurring QCaaS revenue by moving existing customers from their pre-production journey into production applications. We recognize professional services revenue from phase 1 (discovery) and phase 2 (PoC) of Launch projects, many of which are contracted together. We’re seeing more than 80 percent of phase 1 (discovery) projects convert into phase 2 (PoC) projects, demonstrating early customer value and continued engagement and retention. We also intend to expand our channel partner and reseller relationships to identify new geographies, customers, and use cases, all of which could potentially utilize our products. We’ve also seen that as businesses identify and build use cases, customers learn more about quantum computing and begin to explore alternative use cases, yielding additional professional services and QCaaS revenues.

| • |  | Grow our existing user base and developer ecosystem: Our developer ecosystem is a source of innovation for new quantum applications, extended brand awareness and new use case discovery. We plan to continue to drive developer community engagement and product adoption to grow the ecosystem.

Advance the science: We advance the science through the pursuit and creation of new knowledge in the quantum space, with the goal of demonstrating customer value and ultimately quantum advantage (i.e., a computational quantum outcome that cannot be achieved by any existing classical computation system) in a growing portfolio of problems. The key elements of this strategy are:

| • |  | Demonstrate the power of our quantum technology through benchmarking: Our annealing quantum computers have outperformed the best classical computers in several specific use cases. As noted in a recent peer-reviewed paper published in Nature Communications, our systems demonstrated a solution to a problem three million times faster than the best-known classical approaches on an application in quantum materials simulation. In the context of real-world applications, our customers have shown material efficiency improvements in solving business problems (for example, up to 500 times faster for Save-On-Foods, as described above).

| • |  | Pursue the cutting edge and push the boundaries of quantum knowledge: We plan to continue to create new knowledge in the quantum space that shows the power of our scientific and technological approaches and pushes the frontiers of quantum information science. We have an active research program that focuses on quantifying the increases in performance we achieve with increasingly coherent quantum systems. And we’ve seen promising new results on interesting physics problems, currently in peer-review, because of even greater coherence in our systems.

Improve the technology: We improve the technology through continuous innovation in quantum annealing and gate-model development, hybrid algorithm advancement and leveraging customer and market feedback to inform our product innovations and lifecycle. The key elements of this strategy are:

| • |  | Continue to invest in our differentiated quantum annealing technology: As discussed above, while our technology approach encompasses both annealing and gate-model technologies, we are the only company that builds and delivers annealing quantum computers. Our extensive intellectual property portfolio around our annealing systems and 10-year head start in superconducting expertise give us a first-mover advantage, making it difficult for others to enter this space. Annealing is the only quantum computing model that, as part of the hybrid solver service, can efficiently solve large combinatorial optimization problems at enterprise scale, which make up approximately 25% of the addressable quantum market.

| • |  | Build and deliver a unified quantum platform that offers solutions for broad quantum use cases for customers: The intersection of systems, software, services and tools is familiar to us. We’re utilizing our integrated engineering expertise to build a cross-platform quantum service with both annealing and gate-model systems that we believe will be the first and only quantum computing offering to impact full product lifecycles across multiple industries.

| • |  | Extend our track record of continuous innovation, execution, and operational excellence: We have a strong track record of innovation in building and delivering quantum annealing systems to market. From the D-Wave One, D-Wave Two, D-Wave 2X, D-Wave 2000Q, D-Wave 2000Q LN, Advantage and Advantage Performance Update to the forthcoming Advantage 2 system, we have shown a relentless pursuit of increased qubit count, coherence (qubit quality), qubit connectivity and performance. This has resulted in a rapid increase in the complexity of problems our customers are able to solve. We plan to continue this trajectory and focus on driving additional improvements in coherence and connectivity in our annealing systems to further expand the universe of solvable problems, while utilizing this expertise to build our gate-model system.

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Our Technology Approach

Quantum computing technology landscape

There are two primary approaches to building quantum computers:

| • |  | Quantum annealing: Heavily inspired by physics and uniquely effective at solving challenging, ubiquitous optimization problems, quantum annealing is the first and only approach to date that delivers large-scale quantum computing and is a core of our product platform.

| • |  | Gate-model computation: Heavily inspired by classical digital computation, gate-model computation replaces classical registers of bits with qubits and performs a series of single and multiqubit operations, or gates, on the registers to run a computation. This includes superconducting, ion trap and photonic approaches to quantum computing.

Our quantum systems approach

In 2004, D-Wave made a singular strategic choice, guided both by analysis of the market for potential quantum applications and the state of available technology. Our decision to first develop a large-scale quantum annealing technology for optimization remains prescient today. Challenging optimization problems are found across all areas of business, and a growing body of theoretical and empirical evidence identifies quantum annealing as the best approach for solving them. Exploiting the natural tendency of systems to remain in ground or low energy configurations, this model of quantum computing is more error-tolerant than gate-model architectures and therefore easier to develop into a large-scale technology.

To quickly develop and scale a quantum computer based on quantum annealing, we built a Manhattan Project-style organization. We have a multidisciplinary team of scientists, technicians, software developers and engineers of all types working together on all aspects of the technology, systems, and software. We implement our qubits with superconducting circuits built in a multilayer integrated circuit process. Our fabrication is done with mature, proven, reliable and readily available industry-standard technology, processes, and components wherever possible. As a result, we can work with existing third-party foundries without the need to invest capital in a new fabrication facility.

At the same time, some critical elements of the technology are fabricated and tested with our own equipment, in our own facilities. We have an in-house team of superconducting application-specific integrated circuit designers, and we perform all our own superconducting circuit design. All testing and characterization of superconducting circuits is performed in-house at our facilities by a team of scientists trained in cryogenic characterization and operation of superconducting circuits and devices. By collocating, co-developing, and controlling both design and testing, we maximize speed of development and control product quality.

With our current product fabrication at Very Large-Scale Integration (“VLSI”), we also benefit from the ability to integrate on-chip superconducting control circuitry. This can serve to tune and control qubits and implement scalable readout. “Scalable” in this context means that many tens of thousands of devices can be controlled and read with only hundreds of wires—a characteristic rare in the quantum computing world. Our superconducting VLSI control circuitry has enabled us to scale our systems from a handful of qubits to the more than 5,000 in the current Advantage product.

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Control electronics are an integral part of all quantum computing architectures, and we’ve designed and built more than seven generations of semiconductor-based electronics for control and readout of superconducting quantum processors. Co-developing the cryogenic superconducting and room temperature semiconducting-based electronics is essential to optimizing performance.

Our Burnaby facility hosts system development and manufacturing. To ensure that we have an efficient and sustainable manufacturing process that can continue to scale, we have capacity to expand across all our core technology areas: in fabrication, our existing foundry can scale to a level significantly higher than our current throughput; we have plans to begin using a second fabrication source once funding is in place and we have demonstrated experience in leveraging a second source to speed up development, as was seen with our D-Wave 2000Q lower noise development; our wiring and input/output manufacturing is in-house and we can scale this capability by adding production staff and resources; and electronics are designed in-house and built by third-party vendors, and with additional funding, electronics manufacturing can easily be scaled.

Our development philosophy emphasizes systems engineering to maximize customer benefit. This means that we must design the qubit, from the beginning, in a way that allows us to control, operate and read many thousands of qubits, not just tens of qubits.

| • |  | Scaling the quantum system: In addition to the growing number of qubits and couplers, and the increasing complexity of problems our quantum computers can handle, other notable improvements

we’ve made while transitioning from the D-Wave 2000Q to the Advantage quantum system (released in October 2020) include the following:

| • |  | Increasing the number of qubits from 2,000 to 5,000 (2.5 times)

| • |  | Increasing connectivity between qubits from 6 to 15 (2.5 times)

| • |  | Increasing problem precision (the precision to which a problem can be posed) by two times

| • |  | Reducing problem latency by 60 percent.

The increase in qubits and connectivity from the previous degree-6 topology to the degree-15 topology typically allows our Advantage processor to take inputs two to four times larger than those of the D-Wave 2000Q.

In addition, the Advantage annealing quantum system performance update released in October 2021 included several key changes that boosted performance over the original Advantage release:

| • |  | An updated processor design that increased problem precision

| • |  | A refined fabrication process that lowered manufacturing spreads

| • |  | An increased yield of qubits and couplers that allows more complex problems to be solved.

Expansion into gate-model: Our early focus on quantum annealing directly lends itself to our gate-model efforts. Many of the lessons learned in building a superconducting quantum annealing system are transferable to building a scalable superconducting gate-model quantum computer. Scale, superconducting chip fabrication, materials design, cryogenics, and intellectual property are all necessary and relevant for delivering a commercial, scalable gate-model system to the market. Our deep experience and built-from-the-ground up commercial-scale design strategy, gives us a first-mover advantage over companies in the early stages of merely developing the building blocks of gate-model systems.

We believe the time is right to also pursue gate-model technology because:

| • |  | Gate-model quantum computing (“GMQC”) theory has matured considerably since 2004.

| • |  | Over the past 15 years, we have accrued considerable experience and intellectual property in quantum systems engineering, including cryogenics, environmental control, input/output and filtering, and scalable control and readout of superconducting devices. This can be directly brought to bear on building scalable GMQC technology.

| • |  | We have developed a mature superconducting VLSI design and manufacturing capability that can immediately be employed for our gate-model program. This is the only physical implementation of a quantum computing technology that can be utilized for both quantum annealing and gate-model computers.

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While there’s still a need to further improve error-corrected GMQC theory to reduce overheads, both in physical circuit size and gate sequence depth and to the point where it can truly be practical to implement, we understand that a confluence of new theoretical developments, coupled with our practical quantum computing design experience, will ultimately be necessary to commercialize this technology.

| • |  | Power consumption and refrigeration: Our quantum computers draw 12 kilowatts of nominal power and have used the same-sized dilution refrigerators for cooling since the 2010 release of the original D-Wave One system. The refrigerators’ cryocoolers require the bulk of this power to provide cooling to 4 kelvin. While the computational power of our systems has dramatically increased with each product generation, the power requirements have remained the same and are expected to do so for at least the next two product generations. This contrasts with competitors that are using and developing massive dilution refrigerators, which will require increasingly more power to continue with technology development.

D-Wave’s 20-plus years of reliable operation: We have been delivering commercial quantum computers for longer than many of our competitors have been in existence. Our experience allows us to operate a field-tested service and support organization that can anticipate many technical challenges of quantum system deployment.

Our field systems have seen greater than 99 percent uptime in the last three years of operation, and our Leap quantum cloud service has experienced more than 99 percent uptime since it was launched in 2018.

| • |  | Our software, tools and cloud services approach

| • |  | Software development: Our software teams use Agile and Scrum methodologies to ensure customer requirements are met and that the highest priority features are included in each release to maximize the utility of our system. The development process for Ocean developer tools follows best practices for open-source products, and we use GitHub for all open-source code. As a result, developers can edit the code in their own repository and merge it with the original repository when it’s ready for release, and external users can contribute to the codebase.

Ocean software development kit: Available on the D-Wave GitHub repository, the Ocean SDK is a suite of open-source tools for solving challenging problems with quantum computers. The latest Ocean packages are also preinstalled in the Leap IDE. The Ocean software stack provides a chain of tools that implements the steps needed to solve problems on a D-Wave system.

Cloud services approach

Leap quantum cloud service: We are the first and only quantum computing company to offer secure, real-time access to quantum computers and quantum hybrid solvers via the cloud. Multiple QPUs are online, and Leap is multi-region, which means we have physical systems available in different geographical locations. In January 2022, we added to the quantum computers available within Leap by making public the 5,000-qubit Advantage quantum system at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre in Germany. In May 2022, we introduced the first Advantage quantum system physically located in the United States at the University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Institute (ISI), which is accessible via the Leap quantum cloud service.

Secure access and data protection: We implement industry-accepted controls and technology and combine enterprise-grade security features with comprehensive audits of our applications, systems and networks to ensure customer data is protected.

| • |  | Leap hybrid solver service: Launched in 2020, the hybrid solver service (“HSS”) within Leap provides a combination of quantum and classical computation resources and advanced algorithms to solve problems of enterprise scale with up to one million variables (and up to 20,000 variables for fully connected graph problems). Several hybrid solvers are available within the HSS today to support different problem formulations. Leap’s hybrid solvers enable customers to benefit from D-Wave’s deep investment in researching, developing, optimizing, and maintaining quantum hybrid algorithms. No other competitor offers a hybrid solver service.

Key Strategic Relationships

NEC: We entered into a strategic investment and subsequent global re-seller agreement with NEC in April 2019 and December 2021, respectively. The relationship includes reselling our Leap quantum cloud service in NEC’s core markets, primarily Japan and Australia.

Lockheed Martin: We have been working with Lockheed Martin since we leased the first commercial quantum computer to them in 2011. Since then, we have collaborated with Lockheed through the University of Southern California (“USC”)-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center (“QCC”), hosted at the USC Viterbi School of Engineering’s Information Sciences Institute. We renewed the Lockheed contract in 2020, which has led to important upgrades at the facility. On May 12, 2022, we announced the deployment at the QCC of the first Advantage™ quantum system physically located in the United States. Advantage is the first quantum computer built for business that contains the new Advantage performance update released in October 2021 and features the highly connected Pegasus topology and more than 5000 qubits.

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Jülich Supercomputing Centre: We completed the installation of the first Advantage performance update quantum system with 5,000-plus qubits and 15-way connectivity and made it available only to the Jülich users through the Leap quantum cloud service, at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre in October 2021—thus marking the cornerstone of the Jülich UNified Infrastructure for Quantum Computing lab. This quantum system is the first Leap installation outside of North America and provides cloud access to the first practically usable quantum computer for researchers, governments and enterprise customers in Europe.

AWS: In October 2022, we officially launched in AWS Marketplace, expanding and extending the reach of our quantum computing solutions to AWS’ broad customer base. Through AWS Marketplace, AWS customers can access our full Leap cloud service capabilities, engage with easy-to-use quantum computing solutions, and connect directly with our professional services team.

Accenture: We work closely with Accenture on joint quantum development projects for customers in telecommunications, financial services and pharmaceuticals, among other verticals. We regularly create joint go-to-market programs for the acceleration of quantum computing within Global 2000 enterprises.

Deloitte: We also work closely with Deloitte on quantum development projects, specifically in government, to help accelerate adoption of quantum computing solutions in the public sector.

While strategically significant to our long-term goals, we have determined that our current agreements or other arrangements with each of these respective parties are not material to our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Operation Agreements

On July 31, 2006, we entered into an agreement with Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (“Cypress”) for the purchase of available capacity of Cypress’ 8” wafer pilot line for the purposes of manufacturing wafers as well as services related to the use of such pilot line (the “Pilot Line Operation Agreement”). In March 2007, the operating entity of Cypress that was obligated to perform services pursuant to the Pilot Line Operation Agreement was sold. On April 1, 2008, we agreed with SVTC Technologies, LLC., (“SVTC”), the successor entity, to, among other things, amend the Pilot Line Operation Agreement to reflect that SVTC has taken the place of Cypress as a party to such agreement. The Pilot Line Operation Agreement provided for an initial term of five years followed by automatic extension of one year and ended in September 2012.

On December 31, 2012, we entered into an agreement with Cypress for the purchase of available capacity of Cypress’ 8” wafer semiconductor line for the purposes of manufacturing wafers as well as services related to the use of such semiconductor line (the “Semiconductor Line Operation Agreement”). On September 30, 2017, Cypress assigned the Semiconductor Line Operation Agreement to SkyWater Technology Foundry, Inc., to which we consented on November 9, 2017. The Semiconductor Line Operation Agreement, as amended, provides for an initial term of ten years followed by automatic extensions of one year unless either party provides the other party six (6) months prior written notice of its intention to terminate the agreement.

Competition

The quantum computing market is highly competitive. With new technologies and entrants into the market, we expect competition to continue to increase. Our competitive differentiators include being the only provider in the world building annealing and developing gate-model quantum computers, our longtime proven track record of delivering increasingly mature higher-performance quantum systems that scale, and our use cases with demonstrable business value.

In addition to being the only supplier of quantum annealing systems, we’re also pursuing gate-model quantum computing with the announcement of our Clarity product roadmap in October 2021. We plan to validate gate-model multi-layer fabrication, demonstrate scalable on-chip control, and ultimately deliver a 5,000 qubit scaled gate-model system with either full or partial error correction. We intend to apply the learning from our five generations of building annealing quantum computers to the manufacturing, scale and implementation of the gate-model program. At the same time, we’ll continue to invest in our Advantage annealing program with future generations of increasingly more powerful and connected quantum annealing systems. Other companies, including Rigetti Computing, IBM, Google, IonQ, Honeywell, PsiQuantum and Xanadu, are pursuing gate-model quantum computing, each using different technologies for the qubits and control, and each at different levels of technical maturity. Approaches include superconducting, ion traps, photonics, spin qubits and neutral atoms. A brief summary of a few of the approaches follows:

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| • |  | The superconducting gate-model approach uses the same basic underlying technology as that found in our qubits. Still, there are significant differences in the details of the implementations, levels of integration and the performance achieved to date, particularly in optimization and material simulation.

| • |  | The ion trap approach uses the state of atoms trapped in electric fields that are manipulated by electric fields and lasers for qubits. Current ion trap systems are in the range of about 20 qubits. While technologies such as optical interconnects have been proposed to connect many ion trap QPUs with high connectivity, this level of integration has not yet been demonstrated at a large enough scale to be used for business-sized problems, and early customer comparisons suggest that such technology is not commercially viable.

| • |  | The photonic approach uses photons of light for qubits. These technologies are in the development stage, with little detail available on their level of integration or roadmaps.

Our successful technological offering and trusted commercial readiness was made evident in 2018, when the Jülich Supercomputing Centre analyzed the quantum technology readiness levels (“QTRL”) across multiple quantum systems. Using a scale from one to nine, the centre rated our technology at QTRL 8 (scalable quantum computer qualified in test) and other superconducting providers from QTRL 4 to QTRL 5 (components integrated into small-scale systems without error-correction). Our technology was found to be the only one with current commercial applications, while all other competing technologies were considered to be experimental devices.

With respect to larger technology organizations versus pure quantum computing enterprises, quantum cloud access providers, including Amazon Braket and Microsoft Azure, do not currently have the full-featured benefits of D-Wave’s real-time Leap quantum cloud service or quantum hybrid offerings. While some providers plan to offer quantum systems as well, as of December 31, 2022, none of them offer their own quantum computers. The quantum systems to which they offer access are developed by others such as IonQ, Rigetti or Quantinuum and are significantly smaller in scale and capability when compared to D-Wave’s systems and our Leap and hybrid services.

Competitive analysis of the quantum industry should be viewed through the lens of what advantage customers can realize with real-world commercial applications. With our extensive intellectual property portfolio, record of commercial execution, peer-reviewed speed-ups on real-world quantum chemistry simulations and emerging use cases demonstrating practical value to enterprise customers, we believe we’re well positioned to compete, grow, and capture a significant share of the quantum computing market.

Intellectual Property

Development, know-how and engineering skills are an essential component of our business, resulting in the creation of our broad intellectual property portfolio. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, and trade secrets, as well as contractual provisions and restrictions, to establish and protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights in the United States, Canada and other jurisdictions.

We pursue patent protection when we believe it is consistent with our overall intellectual property strategy and is cost effective. We have accumulated a broad patent portfolio that covers all the main aspects of our technology, including systems and software, and we intend to protect our innovative inventions.

Currently, we own all of our core intellectual property and do not license out any of our material intellectual property. As of December 31, 2022, we owned more than 220 issued U.S. patents, which will expire between 2023 and 2041, and more than 220 additional issued and pending patents worldwide. Our pending and issued patents target both the hardware and software sides of our business, including systems, qubits and other devices, fabrication, architecture, system software, cryogenics, hybrid quantum computing, and applications of quantum computing. Currently, we own all of our core patent portfolio. As of December 31, 2022, we owned four registered U.S. trademarks and seven registered foreign trademarks. We had also registered domain names for websites we use in our business, such as dwavequantum.com, dwavesys.com, qubits.com, and similar variations.

In addition to the above, we also protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements (or similar agreements) with our employees, consultants, collaborators, contractors and other third parties.

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Leadership

D-Wave is led by Dr. Alan Baratz, who became CEO in 2020. Previously, as executive vice-president of research and development and chief product officer, he drove the development, delivery and support of all of D-Wave’s products, technologies and applications. Dr. Baratz has more than 25 years of experience in product development and bringing new products to market at leading technology companies and software startups. As the first president of JavaSoft at Sun Microsystems, Dr. Baratz oversaw the growth and adoption of Java from its infancy to a robust platform supporting mission-critical applications in nearly 80 percent of Fortune 1000 companies. He has also held executive positions at Symphony, Avaya, Cisco and IBM, served as CEO and president of Versata, Zaplet and NeoPath Networks, and was a managing director at Warburg Pincus. Dr. Baratz holds a doctorate in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

In addition, D-Wave has built an executive team that brings breadth and depth in diverse areas of expertise, including technology leadership, corporate strategy and go-to-market execution. In particular, our executive team excels at building product roadmaps, delivering leading-edge technology products through the development and commercialization of technology, enabling companies to achieve successful outcomes, driving technology adoption in the market, new market creation and growing revenue. Team members also draw from experience in taking companies public and scaling private and public companies. We’re proud to represent gender parity within our executive team, with a further 41 percent female representation across our broader leadership team.

Employees

Our employees are key to D-Wave’s success. As of December 31, 2022, we had more than 215 employees across our systems, software, sales, marketing and corporate teams. Approximately 70% of D-Wave’s employees are based near our research and development headquarters in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. We continue to grow D-Wave’s U.S. presence, primarily in the fabrication, software, professional services and go-to-market areas, and have a small presence in Japan and the United Kingdom. We also engage a small number of consultants and contractors to supplement our permanent workforce. A majority of our employees are engaged in research and development and related functions, with approximately 20 percent having earned a PhD, many from the world’s top ranked universities. And our go-to-market leaders have a track record of building and growing new markets, which we believe allows us to continue to build and capture the quantum computing market.

To date, D-Wave has not experienced any work stoppages, and none of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a labor union.

Facilities

We operate three facilities in North America. Our Canadian operations and the Quantum Engineering Center of Excellence is located in Burnaby, B.C., outside of Vancouver, where we lease approximately 42,000 square feet of space under an agreement that expires in December 2033. Most of the facility is used for research and development and manufacturing. We also lease approximately 7,000 square feet of space in Richmond, B.C., outside of Vancouver, under an agreement that expires in December 2024. That facility is used to develop and manufacture proprietary superconducting circuit boards for internal consumption, and for customer sales. And our in-house fabrication activities are performed in a facility in Palo Alto, California, where we lease approximately 6,000 square feet of space under an agreement that expires in June 2024. As well, we are committed to a lease for additional office space in Burnaby for a 9,100 square foot facility under an agreement that expires in June 2023. As it was not being fully utilized, the space was subleased to a third party, which sublease expires in June 2023 in coordination with the original lease. We believe our current and planned facilities are adequate for the foreseeable future.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. There are currently no pending or threatened legal proceedings or claims against us that, in our opinion, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and team members. The results of any future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, but regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Business Combination and Lincoln Park Transaction

On February 7, 2022, D-Wave entered into the transaction agreement (as amended by the Amendment to the Transaction Agreement dated June 16, 2022, the “Transaction Agreement”) with DPCM, D-Wave Systems, Merger Sub, CallCo, and ExchangeCo. Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, in a series of transactions including the Arrangement, among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into DPCM (the “DPCM Merger”) with DPCM surviving the merger, as a result of which DPCM became a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave, with the stockholders of DPCM receiving Common Shares, and D-Wave Systems became an indirect subsidiary of D-Wave, as detailed below. On August 5, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Transaction and the Arrangement were consummated (the “Closing”).

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Immediately following the DPCM Merger, the parties proceeded to effect the Arrangement on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the statutory plan of arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) which gave effect to the Arrangement (the “Plan of Arrangement”) and the Transaction Agreement or made at the direction of the Court in accordance with the Interim Order or the Final Order (each as defined in the Plan of Arrangement). Pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, (i) CallCo acquired a portion of the issued and outstanding D-Wave Shares from certain holders in exchange for Common Shares (the “D-Wave Quantum Share Exchange”), (ii) CallCo contributed such D-Wave Shares to ExchangeCo in exchange for ExchangeCo Common Shares, (iii) following the D-Wave Quantum Share Exchange, ExchangeCo acquired the remaining issued and outstanding D-Wave Shares from the remaining holders of D-Wave Shares in exchange for Exchangeable Shares and (iv) as a result of the foregoing, D-Wave become a wholly-owned subsidiary of ExchangeCo. The holders of the Exchangeable Shares have certain rights as specified in the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement (as defined in the Plan of Arrangement and described elsewhere herein) and the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement (as defined in the Plan of Arrangement and described elsewhere herein), including the right to exchange Exchangeable Shares for Common Shares, subject to the terms and conditions of the Exchangeable Shares (the “Arrangement”). In addition, pursuant to and following the Arrangement, D-Wave Options and D-Wave Warrants became exercisable for Common Shares.

On February 7, 2022, concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the PIPE Investors entered into PIPE Subscription Agreements pursuant to which the PIPE Investors committed to purchase a number of PIPE Shares equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million. On the Closing Date 5,816,528 Common Shares were issued the PIPE Investors in the PIPE Financing, which closed substantially concurrently with Closing.

On June 16, 2022, D-Wave Quantum, D-Wave Systems and DPCM entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from D-Wave Quantum, at the option of D-Wave Quantum, up to $150,000,000 of Common Shares from time to time over a 36-month period following the Commencement Date, subject to certain limitations described below. In accordance with the Purchase Agreement, on August 5, 2022, and August 25, 2022, we issued 127,180 Common Shares and 254,360 Common Shares, respectively, to Lincoln Park in respect of the total Commitment Fee.

Prior to Closing, DPCM Public Stockholders exercised their redemption rights in respect of 29,097,787 shares of DPCM Class A Common Stock. As a result, immediately prior to the Closing, there were 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A Common Stock outstanding.

As a result of the Transaction, (i) each outstanding unit of DPCM was separated immediately prior to the Effective Time into one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock and one-third of one warrant exercisable for one share of DPCM Class A Common Stock (each whole warrant, a “Public Warrant”), (ii) immediately prior to Closing, Sponsor forfeited 4,484,425 of its 7,252,500 shares of Class B Common Stock, and, at the Effective Time, each remaining outstanding share of Class B Common Stock was converted into and exchanged for the right to receive one newly issued Common Share, (iii) at the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Class A Common Stock was converted into and exchanged for the right to receive 1.4541326 newly issued Common Shares and (iv) at the Effective Time, pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, as amended by the Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, each Public Warrant and Private Warrant was converted into a Warrant, with each warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares for $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, with the exercise period beginning on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days following the Closing Date.

Following the closing of the PIPE Financing, and after giving pro forma effect to redemptions of shares by DPCM Public Stockholders and the payment of transaction expenses, excluding repayments for loans and promissory notes, the transactions described above generated approximately $34.3 million for D-Wave Quantum.

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement. At the Closing, D-Wave Quantum, Sponsor, the other holders of DPCM Class B Common Stock and each D-Wave Shareholder (such stockholders, the “Registration Rights Holders”), pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, became parties to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, D-Wave Quantum is obligated to file a registration statement to register the resale of certain equity securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders. The Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement also provides the Registration Rights Holders with demand registration rights and “piggy-back” registration rights, in each case, subject to certain requirements and customary conditions. Subject to certain exceptions, the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement further provides for the securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders to be locked-up for a period of time as set forth below.

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D-Wave Lock-up Period. The D-Wave Lock-Up Period applies to the former shareholders of D-Wave Systems who received Common Shares or Exchangeable Shares pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and refers to the period ended February 5, 2023. When the D-Wave Lock-Up Period expired on February 5, 2023, approximately 44.7 million Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares) became available for sale pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement. In addition, approximately 55.1 million additional Common Shares (including approximately 41.1 million Exchangeable Shares) held by PSP were released from the lockup and be subject to registration pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement.2

Founder Lock-up Period. The Founder Lock-Up Period applies to the former holders of shares of DPCM Class B Common Stock who received Common Shares pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and refers to (i) with respect to the Founder Shares, the period ending on the earlier of (A) August 5, 2023, the date that is one (1) year following the Closing and (B) the date on which (x) the last reported sale price of the Common Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30) consecutive trading day period commencing after the one hundred and fiftieth (150th) day following the Closing, or (y) the completion by D-Wave Quantum of a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of D-Wave Quantum’s public shareholders having the right to exchange their Common Shares for cash, securities or other property, and (ii) with respect to the Private Warrants, thirty (30) days after the Closing.

PSP Side Letter Agreement

On September 26, 2022, D-Wave Quantum and PSP entered into the PSP Side Letter Agreement pursuant to which PSP agreed that for so long as PSP beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares representing 50% or more of the rights to vote at a meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust (i) PSP will not exercise the voting rights attached to any of such shares that would result in PSP voting, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust, more than 49.99% of the voting interests eligible to vote at any meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum and (ii) PSP will vote such shares in favor of the election of the directors that are nominated by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum or a duly authorized committee thereof.

Recent Developments

On January 5, 2023, we announced that we had entered into a multi-year reseller agreement with Davidson Technologies, Inc., a technology services company that provides innovative engineering, technical and management solutions for the U.S. Department of Defense, aerospace and commercial customers. The new alliance enables Davidson to resell our products and services, including the Leap™ quantum cloud service. In addition, the agreement will support collaboration between us and Davidson focused on accelerating adoption of quantum computing in the U.S. defense and aerospace sectors.

2 | Note to D-Wave: Please confirm that this description is accurate.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations with D-Wave Quantum Inc.’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, together with the notes thereto, and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, together with related notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion and the analysis should also be read together with the section of this prospectus entitled “Business” and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in the section of this prospectus entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under the section titled “Risk factors” or in other parts of this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. In this section, unless otherwise specified, the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, D-Wave” or the “Company” refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc. and its subsidiaries following the Close of the Transaction, and “D-Wave Systems” refers to D-Wave Systems Inc. and its subsidiaries prior to the Closing of the Transaction. All dollar amounts are expressed in thousands of United States dollars (“$”), unless otherwise indicated.

Overview

On February 7, 2022, D-Wave Systems entered into the Transaction Agreement with DPCM Capital, Inc. (“DPCM”), D-Wave, DWSI Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave (“Merger Sub”), DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave (“CallCo”), D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., a British Columbia corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CallCo, pursuant to which, among other things: (a) Merger Sub merged with and into DPCM, with DPCM surviving as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave Quantum Inc., (b) D-Wave indirectly acquired all of the outstanding share capital of D-Wave Systems and D-Wave Systems became an indirect subsidiary of D-Wave, with D-Wave becoming a public company and an SEC registrant as successor to DPCM.

D-Wave was incorporated as a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of the Delaware on January 24, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger between DPCM, D-Wave, and certain other affiliated entities through a series of transactions constituting the Transaction pursuant to the Transaction Agreement. The closing of the Transaction occurred on August 5, 2022 and is herein referred to as the “Closing.”

On the date of the Closing, DPCM and D-Wave Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of, and began to be operated by, D-Wave. Upon the completion of the Transaction, D-Wave succeeded to all of the operations of its predecessor, D-Wave Systems.

Following the Closing, the Common Shares and Warrants of D-Wave commenced trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbols “QBTS” and “QBTS.WT,” respectively.

We are a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to its superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through its cloud service, Leap. Historically, we have developed our own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and our current generation quantum system is the D-Wave Advantage. D-Wave is a leader in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software and services, and is the world’s first commercial supplier of quantum computers—and the only company developing both annealing quantum computers and gate-model quantum computers. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we initiated the development of a gate-model quantum computing system.

Our business model is focused primarily on generating revenue from providing customers access to our quantum computing systems via the cloud in the form of QCaaS products, and from providing professional services wherein we assist our customers in identifying and implementing quantum computing applications.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenue from our cloud and professional services of $1.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenue from our cloud and professional services of $4.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated revenue from our cloud and professional services of $6.3 million. We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, our net loss was $13.1 million and $4.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, our net loss was $37.9 million and $17.7 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our net loss was $31.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in a number of research and development programs as well as a number of go-to-market initiatives. As of September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $363.1 million.

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The Transaction Agreement and PIPE Financing

As noted above, the Transaction was consummated on August 5, 2022. While the legal acquirer in the Transaction Agreement is D-Wave Quantum Inc., for financial accounting and reporting purposes under GAAP, D-Wave Systems is the accounting acquirer and the Transaction will be accounted for as a “reverse recapitalization.” A reverse recapitalization does not result in a new basis of accounting and the financial statements of D-Wave represent the continuation of our financial statements in many respects. Under this method of accounting, DPCM will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. For accounting purposes, D-Wave Systems will be deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction will be treated as a recapitalization of D-Wave Systems (i.e., a capital transaction involving the issuance of stock by D-Wave Quantum Inc. for the stock of D-Wave Systems Inc.).

As a result of the Transaction and the Arrangement, all of the common shares of D-Wave Systems issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Transaction (including shares of D-Wave Systems preferred stock which were converted into D-Wave Systems common shares as part of the Arrangement) were converted into an aggregate of 99,736,752 Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares). Additionally, all of the shares of DPCM Class A and Class B common stock held by DPCM issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Closing were converted into an aggregate of 4,327,512 Common Shares. Upon consummation of the Transaction, the most significant change in our reported financial position and results of operations was an increase in cash of $49.0 million in gross proceeds from the Transaction and PIPE Investment net against transaction costs of approximately $14.2 million.

Generally, costs (e.g., special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) shares) are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. Costs allocated to liability-classified instruments that are subsequently measured at fair value through earnings (e.g., certain SPAC warrants) are expensed. Additional direct and incremental transaction costs were also incurred by D-Wave in connection with the Transaction. Generally, costs (e.g., SPAC shares) are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. Costs allocated to liability-classified instruments that are subsequently measured at fair value through earnings (e.g., certain SPAC warrants) are expensed.

In connection with the Transaction, approximately $29.1 million of DPCM Class A Common Stock were redeemed, which represented a significant portion of the publicly traded shares of DPCM outstanding immediately prior to the Transaction and resulted in only approximately $9.0 million of cash from the Trust Account becoming available to us. In conjunction with the Transaction, the Company and D-Wave Systems entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park on June 16, 2022 which provides D-Wave the sole right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to buy specified dollar amounts up to $150.0 million of Common Shares through June 15, 2025 (subject to certain limitations contained in the Purchase Agreement) from time to time, to assist us in meeting our capital requirements. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Offering—The terms of the Purchase Agreement limit the amount of Common Shares we may sell to Lincoln Park and the trading price of the Common Shares may decline as a result of the sale of Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or under the Resale Registration Statement, each of which may limit our ability to utilize the Purchase Agreement to enhance our cash resources”. A registration statement on Form S-1 related to the resale of Common Shares by Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement was filed with the SEC, and such registration statement, as amended, was declared effective on October 26, 2022.

Common Shares that may be resold into the public markets pursuant to the Purchase Agreement could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of our Common Shares.

We have also filed the Resale Registration Statement registering the issuance to and/or resale by certain third parties unrelated to the Purchase Agreement of certain securities issued prior to, or in connection with, the Transaction. The Common Shares registered for resale from time to time pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement represent a substantial majority of the number of the Common Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2022. The shareholders selling pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement will determine the timing, pricing and rate at which they sell such Common Shares into the public market and such sales could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of our Common Shares. In addition, the Public Sector Pension Investment Board, a beneficial owner of approximately 52% of our outstanding Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares), has registration rights with respect to all of its 55,068,914 shares not registered on the Resale Registration Statement, and may sell such shares after its lock-up period has concluded either pursuant to a future registration statement or once Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, becomes available for such sales. Although the current trading price of the Common Shares is below $10.00 per share, certain of the investors who have resale rights under the Resale Registration Statement have an incentive to sell because they purchased Common Shares and/or Warrants at prices below those offered in DPCM’s initial public offering. Sales by such investors may cause the trading prices of our securities to experience a further decline. As the trading price of our Common Shares has declined, sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement have become a less attractive source of capital, and/or we may be unable to raise capital at rates that would be possible if the trading price of our Common Shares was higher. In addition, if the price of our Common Shares declines below the Floor Price, we will be unable to make use of the Purchase Agreement as a source of capital, unless and until the price of our Common Shares subsequently exceeds the Floor Price.

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As a result of the Transaction, we became subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act, and listing standards of the NYSE, which will require us to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address applicable regulatory requirements and customary practices. D-Wave incurs additional annual expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees and additional internal and external accounting, legal and administrative resources, including increased audit, legal, and filing fees, and such expenses are significant.

Our future results of consolidated operations and financial position may not be comparable to historical results as a result of the Transaction.

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements as of and for the year-ended December 31, 2022, we identified an error related to the interim financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The error resulted from incorrect accounting treatment being applied to the equity line of credit (the “ELOC”) that we entered into with Lincoln Park Capital on June 16, 2022 in connection with the Purchase Agreement, including the Commitment Shares that we issued to Lincoln Park. We applied equity accounting to the ELOC and related Commitment Shares instead of derivative accounting. We assessed, quantitatively and qualitatively, the materiality of the error relative to the period of origination and correction and we determined the error was not a material error to any previously issued financial statements and therefore we have concluded that only a revision of the previously issued interim financial statements was required. The error will be corrected prospectively in our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, which will be filed with the SEC.

The Company concluded that the ELOC requires treatment as a derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As such, the value of the Commitment Shares, which were issued as an issuance cost related to the derivative, should have been recognized as an expense and a corresponding liability should have been recorded on our financial statements of the Company prior to the Closing Date. Management concluded that the appropriate expense to be recorded was $2,625,000, which is the amount that the contractual liability may be settled with cash. As this liability was recorded on August 2, 2022, there is no impact to our financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2022. This liability was settled subsequent to the Closing Date for shares with an aggregate value of $3,279,000. The incremental amount of $629,000 represents an expense of ours in the post-Closing Date period ending September 30, 2022.

We had initially recorded the amount as a prepaid asset with a corresponding credit to equity and disclosed the value of $3,279,000 in the table of prepaid assets in the footnote disclosures of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Consistent with our initial accounting treatment, the fair value of the ELOC itself was $nil. As such, there was no need to record a derivative as of September 30, 2022.

The impact of the error did result in a misstatement to the Company’s total Other income (loss) and Net Loss as reported in its consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. This amount was determined not to be material as it would have had the following impacts on Net Loss per share had an adjustment been made to the financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022: (a) net loss per share (basic and diluted) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 would have increased from ($0.11) per share as reported to ($0.12) per share and (b) net loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 would have remained unchanged at ($0.31) per share.

When such errors occur, we evaluate the impact on our internal controls over financial reporting. Because our controls did not timely identify the error in the financial statements included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, we have concluded that a material weakness existed with respect to this matter at September 30, 2022, which necessitates the aforementioned correction in our to-be-filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

COVID-19 Update

In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. There are many uncertainties regarding the current pandemic, and we are closely monitoring the impact of the pandemic on all aspects of our business, including how it will impact our employees, suppliers, vendors and business partners.

The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. These measures may adversely impact our employees and operations and the operations of our suppliers, customers and business partners. In addition, various aspects of our business cannot be conducted remotely. These measures by government authorities may continue to remain in place for a significant period of time and could adversely affect our development plans, sales and marketing activities, and business operations.

The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve as of the date of this prospectus. As such, the full magnitude of the pandemic’s effect on our financial condition, liquidity and future results of operations is uncertain. Management continues to actively monitor our financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry and workforce. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Business and Industry—We may in the future be adversely affected by continuation or worsening of the global COVID-19 pandemic, its various strains or future pandemics”.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, D-Wave’s financial position, business, results of operation and financial condition were not significantly impacted due to the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Key Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We currently generate our revenue through subscription sales to access our QCaaS cloud platform; professional services that includes problem evaluation, proof of concept, and pilot applications; training on our quantum computing systems and other revenue derived from the sale of printed circuit boards. QCaaS revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term, which generally ranges from one month to two years. Professional services revenue is recognized based on the terms of the contract, or based upon the ratio that incurred costs bear to total estimated contract costs. Other revenue is not material and is recognized upon completion. Our contracts with our customers do not, at any time, provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software that runs our cloud platform.

We expect our cloud based recurring QCaaS revenue to increase over time as a function of the increasing number of applications driven by professional services engagements with our customers, as well as by customers that choose to access our Leap cloud service without utilizing our professional services organization.

We expect that there will be an increase in our cloud based recurring QCaaS revenue as a percentage of total revenue in 2022 when compared to 2021 due to increased demand for the QCaaS products. In subsequent periods, we expect that the QCaaS revenue as a percentage of total revenue will increase from year to year.

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue consists primarily of all direct and indirect expenses related to providing our QCaaS offering and delivering our professional services, including personnel-related expenses and costs associated with maintaining the cloud platform on which the QCaaS resides. Cost of revenue also includes depreciation and amortization related to our quantum computing systems and related software.

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We expect our total cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods, corresponding to our anticipated growth in revenue and employee headcount to support our customers and to maintain the QCaaS cloud offering, manufacturing, operations and field service team.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, general and administrative and sales and marketing expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel, fabrication costs, lab supplies, and cloud computing resources and allocated facility costs for our research and development functions. Unlike a standard computer, design and development efforts continue throughout the useful life of our quantum computing systems to ensure proper calibration and optimal functionality. Research and development expenses also include purchased hardware components, fabrication and software costs related to quantum computing systems constructed for research purposes that do not have a high probability of providing future economic benefits, and have no alternate future use. We currently do not capitalize any research and development expenditures.

We expect our research and development expenses will increase on an absolute dollar basis for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development efforts to enhance the functionality of our QCaaS cloud platform, and improve the reliability, availability and scalability of our cloud platform. In addition, research and development costs could increase in absolute dollars if we do not receive government grants and research incentives, which have historically offset a portion of these costs.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel and outside professional services expenses including legal, audit and accounting services, insurance, other administrative expenses and allocated facility costs for our administrative functions.

Our operating expenses have increased and are expected to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as a result of operating as a public company. In particular, we expect our legal, accounting, tax, personnel-related expenses and directors’ and officers’ insurance costs reported within general and administrative expense to increase as we establish more comprehensive compliance and governance functions, increased IT security and compliance, expanded internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and prepare and distribute periodic reports as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. As a result, our historical results of operations may not be indicative of our results of operations in future periods.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel, direct advertising, marketing and promotional material costs, sales commission expense, consulting fees and allocated facility costs for our sales and marketing functions. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization to drive additional revenue, expand our global customer base, and broaden our brand awareness. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future.

Other income (expense), net

Our other income (expense), net is primarily comprised of change in fair value of warrant liabilities assumed by DPCM as part of the Transaction (see Note 8 included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included elsewhere in this prospectus), gain on investment in marketable securities, government assistance, interest income, net and other miscellaneous income and expense unrelated to our core operations.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,307 |  |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 3,853 |  |  | $ | 6,279 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 1,778 |  |  |  | 873 |  |  |  | 1,750 |  |  |  | 915 |
Total gross profit |  |  | 1,086 |  |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | 4,529 |  |  |  | 4,245 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 7,334 |  |  |  | 6,313 |  |  |  | 20,933 |  |  |  | 19,268 |  |  |  | 25,401 |  |  |  | 20,411 |
General and administrative |  |  | 6,921 |  |  |  | 2,801 |  |  |  | 14,527 |  |  |  | 7,831 |  |  |  | 11,897 |  |  |  | 11,587 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 2,099 |  |  |  | 1,679 |  |  |  | 5,438 |  |  |  | 3,975 |  |  |  | 6,179 |  |  |  | 3,714 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 16,354 |  |  |  | 10,793 |  |  |  | 40,898 |  |  |  | 31,074 |  |  |  | 43,477 |  |  |  | 35,712 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (15,268 | ) |  |  | (9,793 | ) |  |  | (37,898 | ) |  |  | (28,094 | ) |  |  | (38,948 | ) |  |  | (31,467 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (1,336 | ) |  |  | (205 | ) |  |  | (3,874 | ) |  |  | (590 | ) |  |  | (1,728 | ) |  |  | (5,257 | )
Government assistance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,146 |  |  |  | 7,167 |  |  |  | 12,027 |
Gain on debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,873 |
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,164 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,164 |  |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 2,603 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,603 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,836 |
Other income, net |  |  | 948 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 1,301 |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | 2,969 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 2,215 |  |  |  | 5,584 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 10,389 |  |  |  | 7,403 |  |  |  | 21,448 |
Net loss |  | $ | (13,053 | ) |  | $ | (4,209 | ) |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | ) |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (82 | )
Net comprehensive loss |  | $ | (12,997 | ) |  | $ | (4,180 | ) |  | $ | (37,850 | ) |  | $ | (17,665 | ) |  | $ | (31,530 | ) |  | $ | (10,101 | )

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Revenue

Revenue increased $388,000, or 30%, to $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by an increase in QCaaS revenue of $366,000.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased $302,000, or 98%, to $609,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $307,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in cost of revenue was driven primarily by:

| • |  | An increase in personnel-related costs of $185,000 associated with the growth of our QCaaS revenue;

| • |  | An increase of $180,000 in AWS services; and

| • |  | A decrease of $63,000 related to the cost of wafer fabrication.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Research and development |  | $ | 7,334 |  |  | $ | 6,313 |  |  | $ | 1,021 |  |  |  | 16 | %

Research and development expenses increased by $1.0 million, or 16% to $7.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in research and development was primarily driven by:

| • |  | An increase of $484,000 associated to the increase in computing resources, R&D supplies and the associated freight and custom fees to support the continued development for various research and development activities;

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| • |  | An increase in personnel-related costs of $350,000 due to an increase in headcount and which included an increase of $266,000 of stock-based compensation; and

| • |  | An increase of $187,000 associated with the increase in professional services for various research and development as we continue to develop new products and enhance existing products, services and technologies.

We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to develop new products and enhance existing products, services, and technologies.

General and Administrative Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
General and administrative |  | $ | 6,921 |  |  | $ | 2,801 |  |  | $ | 4,120 |  |  |  | 147 | %

General and administrative expenses increased $4.1 million, or 147%, to $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was driven primarily by:

| • |  | An increase of $1.3 million in professional services from legal and accounting consultants;

| • |  | An increase of $2.2 million in personnel-related expenses due to an increase of $1.5 million in stock-based compensation and increase in headcount;

| • |  | An increase of $630,000 in Directors and Officers and insurance costs; and

| • |  | An increase of $153,000 in other expenses.

Our general and administrative expenses have increased in absolute dollars as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE, additional insurance costs, investor relations activities, and other administrative and professional services.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 2,099 |  |  | $ | 1,697 |  |  | $ | 420 |  |  |  | 25 | %

Sales and marketing expenses increased $420,000, or 25%, to $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to:

| • |  | An increase of $215,000 in personnel-related costs due to an increase in headcount and an insignificant change in stock-based compensation;

| • |  | An increase of $108,000 in public relations, conferences and promotion expenses; and

| • |  | An increase of $97,000 in other expenses.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we hire additional sales and marketing personnel, expand our sales professional support, and market our QCaaS cloud service offerings to further penetrate the United States and international markets.

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Other Income (Expense), net

Interest Expense

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Interest expense |  | $ | 1,336 |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  |  | 552 | %

Interest expense increased $1.1 million or 552%, to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to$205,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a higher debt balance in the current period compared to the prior period due to a $15.0 million venture loan pursuant to the Venture Loan Agreement (the “Venture Loan”) that became effective on March 3, 2022 and was increased by an additional $5.0 million on June 21, 2022, final payment fee for the Venture Loan of $1.0 million as well as an increase in the principal balance of our government loan.

Other income (expense), net

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Other income, net |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 883 |  |  |  | 1358 | %

Other income (expense), increased $0.9 million or 1358%, to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $65,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was largely driven by the net impact of foreign exchange gains and losses.

Government assistance

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Government assistance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,560 |  |  | $ | (4,560 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%

Government assistance decreased by $4.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was driven by the timing of the deemed interest benefit resulting from the SIF loan, which was recognized in years 2020 and 2021. See Note 2 included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 included elsewhere in this prospectus for details regarding the government assistance programs.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Revenue

Revenue increased $925,000 or 24%, to $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily driven by an increase in QCaaS revenue of $842,000 and an increase in professional services of $76,000.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased $905,000, or 104%, to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by:

| • |  | An increase in personnel-related costs of $472,000 associated with the growth of our QCaaS revenue;

| • |  | An increase of $167,000 related to software costs;

| • |  | An increase of $107,000 related to the increase of depreciation of customer systems;

| • |  | An increase of $97,000 related to the related to maintenance and repair of customer systems; and

| • |  | An increase of $62,000 related to the increase of travel and other costs.

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

|  | Six Months ended - September 30th |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Research and development |  | $ | 20,933 |  |  | $ | 19,268 |  |  | $ | 1,665 |  |  |  | 9 | %

Research and development expenses increased by $1.7 million, or 9% to $20.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $19.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily driven by:

| • |  | An increase in personnel-related costs of $1.1 million which included an increase of $389,000 in stock based-compensation, and higher salaries due to an increase in headcount;

| • |  | An increase of $521,000 associated with the increase in computing resources, R&D supplies and the associated freight and custom fees to support the continued development for various research and development activities;

| • |  | An increase of $213,000 associated with the increase in professional services for various research and development initiatives as we continue to develop new products and enhance existing products, services and technologies; and

| • |  | An increase of $72,000 in other expenses.

| • |  | The increases above are partially offset by a decrease of $ $278,000 in repayment and maintenance costs.

We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to develop new products and enhance existing products, services, and technologies.

General and Administrative Expenses

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
General and administrative |  | $ | 14,527 |  |  | $ | 7,831 |  |  | $ | 6,696 |  |  |  | 86 | %

| • |  | General and administrative expenses increased $6.7 million, or 86%, to $14.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by:

| • |  | An increase of $4.0 million in personnel-related expenses which included an increase of $2.6 million in stock-based compensation, and higher salaries due to an increase in headcount;

| • |  | An increase of $1.8 million in professional services from legal and accounting consultants;

| • |  | An increase of $667,000 related to increase from Directors and Officers and other insurance costs; and

| • |  | An increase of $185,000 related to an increase from software licensing fees.

Our general and administrative expenses have increased in absolute dollars as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE, additional insurance costs, investor relations activities, and other administrative and professional services. Sales and Marketing Expenses

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 5,438 |  |  | $ | 3,975 |  |  | $ | 1,463 |  |  |  | 37 | %

Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.5 million or 37%, to $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to:

| • |  | An increase of $984,000 in personnel-related costs which included an increase of $120,000 in stock-based compensation, and higher salaries due to an increase in headcount;

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| • |  | An increase of $421,000 in public relations, conferences and promotion expenses; and

| • |  | An increase of $58,000 in other expenses.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we hire additional sales and marketing personnel, expand our sales professional support, and market our QCaaS cloud service offerings to further penetrate the United States and international markets.

Other Income (Expense), net

Interest Expense

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Interest expense |  | $ | 3,874 |  |  | $ | 590 |  |  | $ | 3,284 |  |  |  | 557 | %

Interest expense increased $3.3 million or 557%, to $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to$590,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to our higher debt balance in the current period compared to the prior period due to a $15.0 million Venture Loan that was closed on March 3, 2022 and was increased by $5.0 million on June 30, 2022, final payment fee on the Venture Loan of $1.0 million, as well as an increase in the principal balance of our government loan.

Other income (expense), net

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 1,301 |  |  | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  |  | 94 | %

Other income (expense), net increased $0.6 million or 94%, to $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $669,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was largely driven by the net impact of foreign exchange gains and losses.

Government assistance

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Government assistance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,146 |  |  | $ | (9,146 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%

Government assistance decreased $9.1 million to nil for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was driven by the timing of the deemed interest benefit resulting from the SIF loan, which was recognized in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021. See Note 2 included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included elsewhere in this prospectus for details regarding the government assistance programs.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Revenue

Revenue increased $1.1 million, or 22%, to $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by:

| • |  | An increase of $1.4 million in professional services revenue related to the completion of certain customer deliverables of our remote systems located off-site;

| • |  | An increase of $111,000 in our QCaaS revenue; and

| • |  | A reduction of $350,000 in other revenue mainly due to the completion of a customer contract during the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased $835,000, or 91%, to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $915,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by:

| • |  | An increase of personnel-related costs of $946,000 associated with providing services as a result of the growth of our professional services and our QCaaS offerings during the year ended December 31, 2021;

| • |  | A reduction of $111,000 for the cost of other revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Research and development |  | $ | 25,401 |  |  | $ | 20,411 |  |  | $ | 4,990 |  |  |  | 24 | %

Research and development expenses increased $5.0 million, or 24%, to $25.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the completion of the Sustainable Development Technology Canada and BC Innovative Clean Energy (“SDTC”) project in 2020 that offset $7.4 million of our research and development expenses in 2020. The increase was also due to an increase of $2.4 million of personnel-related expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in stock-based compensation due to the recapitalization of D-Wave in 2020, a decrease of $3.4 million in fabrication costs due to lower fabrication activities, and a decrease of $474,000 in depreciation costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
General and administrative |  | $ | 11,897 |  |  | $ | 11,587 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  |  | 3 | %

General and administrative expenses increased $310,000, or 3%, to $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $11.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $300,000 increase in personnel-related expenses and an increase in IT services of $321,000, partially offset by a decrease of $286,000 in professional services from legal and accounting consultants and a decrease of $25,000 in other expenses. Overall, our general and administrative expenses are aligned with prior year expenses.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 6,179 |  |  | $ | 3,714 |  |  | $ | 2,465 |  |  |  | 66 | %

Sales and marketing expenses increased $2.5 million, or 66%, to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.9 million in personnel-related costs, an increase of $197,000 in consulting fees to promote our cloud service offerings and an increase of $403,000 in conference expenses, trade shows and other marketing related events. The increase in personnel-related costs includes an increase of $107,000 in stock-based compensation as a result of additional head count to the sales and marketing team.

Other Income (Expense), net

Interest Expense

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Interest expense |  | $ | (1,728 | ) |  | $ | (5,257 | ) |  | $ | 3,529 |  |  |  | (67 | )%

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Interest expense decreased $3.6 million, or 67%, to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was largely driven by the retirement of our interest-bearing convertible notes in April 2020. See Note 2 included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for details regarding the retirement of our interest-bearing convertible notes.

Government Assistance

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Government assistance |  | $ | 7,167 |  |  | $ | 12,027 |  |  | $ | (4,860 | ) |  |  | (40 | )%

Government assistance decreased $4.9 million, or 40%, to $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was mainly driven by the deemed interest benefit associated with the Strategic Innovation Fund (“SIF”), loan secured during the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 2 included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for details regarding the government assistance programs.

Gain on Debt Extinguishment

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Gain on debt extinguishment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,873 |  |  | $ | (3,873 | ) |  |  | nm |

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded $3.9 million in gain on debt extinguishment largely driven by the extinguishment of our 2019 convertible notes due to a modification of the conversion feature, which resulted in a gain on our convertible debt, and the forgiveness of our loan with the Technology Partnership of Canada. We did not record any gain on debt extinguishment during the year ended December 31, 2021 as all of our convertible notes were transferred to DWSI Holdings Inc., a Canadian corporation and predecessor of D-Wave (“Old DWSI”) in exchange of its common shares and they remained in existence under Old DWSI until the amalgamation on January 1, 2021 at which time they were automatically cancelled. See Note 2 included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for details regarding the retirement of our interest-bearing convertible notes.

Gain on Settlement of Warrant Liability

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Gain on settlement of warrant liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,836 |  |  | $ | (7,836 | ) |  |  | nm |

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded $7.8 million in gain on settlement of warrant liability largely driven by the transfer to Old DWSI of all then-outstanding warrants in exchange for its common shares and they remained in existence under Old DWSI until the amalgamation on January 1, 2021, at which time they were automatically cancelled. We did not record any gain on settlement of warrant liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2021 as no warrant conversion took place in 2021. See Note 2 included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for details regarding the conversion of warrants.

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Gain on Investment in Marketable Securities

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  |  | nm |

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $1.2 million in gain on investment in marketable securities based on the valuation of D-Wave’s recent $25 million financing. We did not record any gain on investment in marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Other income (expense), net

|  | Year ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Amount |  |  | % |
Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | 2,969 |  |  | $ | (2,168 | ) |  |  | (73 | )%

Other income (expense), net decreased $2.2 million, or 73%, to $800,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was largely driven by a reduction of prior period government assistance received from SDTC and BC Innovation Clean Energy for our research and development initiatives of $2.4 million, partially offset by the net impact of foreign exchange gains and losses of $200,000.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred net losses since inception and experienced negative cash flows from operations. To date, our primary sources of capital have been through private placements of convertible preferred shares, revenue from the sale of our products and services, government assistance and the Venture Loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $37.9 million and $17.7 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we incurred net losses of $31.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively. We have and expect to continue to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future as we operate as a public company and continue to invest in research and development and go-to-market programs. We have determined that additional financing will be required to fund our operations for the next 12 months and our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining additional capital and financing. Due to the large number of DPCM stockholders that exercised their redemption rights in connection with the Transaction, only approximately $9.0 million of cash from the Trust Account became available to us as of the closing of the Transaction, out of approximately $300 million that had been available, which significantly reduced the potential enhancement to our liquidity and capital resources that was sought to be achieved through the Transaction. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, operations may be scaled back or discontinued. These conditions give rise to material uncertainties that may cast substantial doubt on our ability to continue as a going concern.

In addition, in connection with the Transaction, the board of directors of DPCM considered, among other things, internal financial forecasts prepared by, or at the direction of, our management. None of these projections or forecasts were prepared with a view towards public disclosure or compliance with the published guidelines of the SEC, U.S. GAAP, IFRS or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation and presentation of financial forecasts. Neither DPCM’s independent registered public accounting firm nor our independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP have audited, reviewed, examined, compiled nor applied agreed-upon procedures with respect to the unaudited prospective financial information, and accordingly, they do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. Any projections and forecasts were inherently based on various estimates and assumptions that were subject to the judgment of those preparing them. Projections and forecasts were also subject to significant economic, competitive, industry and other uncertainties and contingencies, all of which were difficult or impossible to predict and many of which were beyond our control. With respect to revenue, we do not anticipate meeting the Transaction Forecasts due primarily to (i) the timing of closing the Transaction in August 2022, which was later than the assumed closing in June 2022, and (ii) the significant redemptions of DPCM stockholders, which has adversely affected our liquidity position and ability to pursue certain growth opportunities, and which will require us to seek alternative sources of financing. See “—General Risk Factors—Financial projections with respect to D-Wave Quantum may not prove to be reflective of actual financial results.”

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations as we continue to grow our business. We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our QCaaS offering and our professional services, we expect to finance our cash needs through public and/or private equity (including sales pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, assuming that we are not constrained from making use of the Purchase Agreement as a result of the Floor Price Limitation, Beneficial Ownership Limitation, market or other conditions) and/or

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debt financings or other capital sources, including strategic partnerships. However, we may be unable to raise sufficient funds or enter into such other arrangements, when needed, on favorable terms or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be, or could be, diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

As of September 30, 2022, we had 17,920,898 Warrants outstanding, each Warrant being exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares of the Company at an exercise price of $11.50. Whether warrantholders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds we would receive upon exercise, is dependent upon the trading price of the Company’s Common Shares. Therefore, if and when the trading price of the Common Shares is less than approximately $7.91, the effective exercise price of the Warrants per one Common Share, we expect that warrantholders would not exercise their Warrants. We could receive up to an aggregate of approximately $207.0 million if all of the Warrants are exercised for cash, but we would only receive such proceeds if and when the warrantholders exercise the Warrants. The Warrants may not be or remain in the money during the period they are exercisable and prior to their expiration, and the Warrants may not be exercised prior to their maturity on August 5, 2027, even if they are in the money, and as such, the Warrants may expire worthless and we may receive minimal proceeds, if any, from the exercise of Warrants. To the extent that any of the Warrants are exercised on a “cashless basis,” we will not receive any proceeds upon such exercise. As a result, we do not expect to rely on the cash exercise of Warrants to fund our operations. Instead, we intend to rely on other sources of cash discussed below to continue to fund our operations. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

We continue to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia/Ukraine crisis on our operations. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business and operations will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the continuing spread of the infection, new and emerging variants of the virus, the duration of the pandemic, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the U.S. and other countries to contain and treat the disease. The extent to which the Russia/Ukraine crisis will impact our business and operations will also depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including restrictive actions that may be taken by the U.S. and/or other countries, such as sanctions or export controls, and the duration of the conflict.

Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to D-Wave Quantum’s Business and Industry” and “—Risks Related to the Offering”

Venture Loan and Security Agreement

On March 3, 2022, we entered into the Venture Loan, by and between the Borrowers, as defined in the agreement, and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. (“PSPIB”), as the lender. Under the Venture Loan, term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million were made available to the Borrowers in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions.

The first tranche in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million was advanced on March 3, 2022. The second tranche in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million was advanced to D-Wave on June 30, 2022. D-Wave did not draw the third tranche.

The term loans under the Venture Loan bore interest at a rate equal to the greater of either (i) the Prime Rate (as reported in The Wall Street Journal) plus 7.25%, and (ii) 10.5%. Interest on the outstanding advances was payable monthly, on the first business day of each calendar month through the Maturity Date.

The Venture Loan incorporated a final payment fee equal to 5.0% of the principal balance of the loans payable upon repayment.

The Venture Loan was secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of the Borrower’s assets and contained certain operational covenants. The Borrowers remained in compliance with all covenants under the Venture Loan Agreement for the term of the Venture Loan.

On August 5, 2022, the Company repaid the principal amount outstanding under the Venture Loan as well as accrued interest and the final payment fee for a total of $21.8 million.

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Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended Sept 30, |  |  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net cash (used in) provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (34,270 | ) |  | $ | (27,615 | ) |  | $ | (34,800 | ) |  | $ | (29,287 | )
Investing activities |  |  | (316 | ) |  |  | (1,707 | ) |  |  | (1,999 | ) |  |  | (789 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 38,898 |  |  |  | 15,990 |  |  |  | 24,913 |  |  |  | 43,144 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (13 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalent |  | $ | 4,281 |  |  | $ | (13,290 | ) |  | $ | (11,852 | ) |  | $ | 13,055 |

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by the growth of our business, and are primarily related to research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative activities. Our operating cash flows are also affected by our working capital needs to support growth in personnel-related expenditures and fluctuations in accounts payable, accounts receivable and other current assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $34.3 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $37.9 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.6 million in depreciation and amortization, including amortization of operating right of use assets, $3.7 million in stock-based compensation, $1.8 million in interest expense on the Venture Loan, $2.6 million in change in fair value of public and private warrants, $1.9 million in interest on government loans, $0.3 million of other non-cash charges, and $1.9 million in working capital adjustments.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $27.6 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $17.7 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.9 million in depreciation and amortization including amortization of operating right of use assets, $0.6 million in stock-based compensation, $9.1 million in grant income for investment tax credit and incentives received related to prior period eligible expenses, $1.2 million in gain on D-Wave Systems’ marketable securities, $0.6 million in interest on government loans, $0.5 million of other non-cash charges and $2.1 million in working capital adjustments.

Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $34.8 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $31.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $2.6 million in depreciation and amortization including amortization of operating right of use assets, $1.7 million in stock-based compensation, $1.9 million of other non-cash charges, and $1.2 million in working capital adjustments, which were offset by $7.1 million in government grants and $1.2 million in gain on investments.

Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $29.3 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $10.0 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $2.7 million in depreciation and amortization including amortization of operating right of use assets, $3.0 million in stock-based compensation, $5.1 million in interest expense on convertible notes, $748,000 of other non-cash charges and $7.1 million in working capital adjustments, which were offset by $12.0 million in government grants, $7.8 million in gain on settlement of our warrant liability and $3.9 million in gain on extinguishment of debt from our convertible notes.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.3 million, representing additions of $0.2 million in property and equipment and $0.1 million in software primarily related to the development and upgrade of our quantum computing systems.

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1.7 million representing additions of $1.5 million in property and equipment and $0.2 million in software primarily related to the development of our quantum computing systems.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $2.0 million, representing additions of $1.8 million in property and equipment primarily related to the development and upgrade of our quantum computing systems and additions of $225,000 in intangible assets related to the implementation of a customized product life cycle management and material requirement management planning software.

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Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $789,000 representing additions of $736,000 in property and equipment primarily related to the development of our quantum computing systems and additions of $53,000 in intangible assets.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $38.9 million, primarily reflecting proceeds from the PIPE investment of $40.0 million netted against the repayment of the Venture Loan entered into on March 3, 2022 and repaid on August 5, 2022 for $21.8 million (including the proceeds from the Venture Loan of $20.0 million and $1.8 million related accrued interest and a final payment fee), and the payment of the D-Wave Systems transaction costs of $6.5 million; proceeds from the Transaction, net of DPCM Class A shareholders redemption and DPCM transactions costs of $4.1 million; net proceeds received from government programs (SIF) of $2.7 million, proceeds received from issuance of D-Wave Systems common shares upon exercise of stock options of $0.1 million; proceeds received from the issuance of Common Shares upon exercise of the DPCM public warrants of $0.9 million; payment of Directors and Officers Insurance of $0.9 million; and proceeds from promissory note of $0.4 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $16.0 million, primarily reflecting net proceeds received from government programs (SIF) of $15.9 million and proceeds from the issuance of D-Wave Systems common shares upon exercise of stock options of $0.1 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $24.9 million, primarily reflecting proceeds received from SIF.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $43.1 million, primarily reflecting net proceeds from the issuance of Class B Preferred stock.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our non-cancellable contractual obligations and other commitments as of December 31, 2021 and the effects that such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow for future periods (in thousands):

|  | Payments due by period(2) |
|  | Total |  |  | Less than 1 year |  |  | 1 - 3 year |  |  | 4 - 5 year |  |  | More than 5 years |
Lease commitment(1) |  | $ | 16,356 |  |  | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 2,563 |  |  | $ | 2,458 |  |  | $ | 9,648 |
Total |  | $ | 16,356 |  |  | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 2,563 |  |  | $ | 2,458 |  |  | $ | 9,648 |

(1) | Includes operating lease liabilities for certain of our offices and facilities.

(2) | Excludes the Venture Loan entered into on March 3, 2022 by and between the Borrowers, and PSPIB, as the loan has since been repaid.

The commitment amounts in the table above are associated with contracts that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the actions under the contracts. The table does not include obligations under agreements that we can cancel without a significant penalty.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires that we make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can significantly impact the amounts we report as assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and the related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in Note 2 included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, each included elsewhere in this prospectus. We believe that the accounting policies discussed in Note 2 to each of the financial statements described in the foregoing sentence are critical to understanding our historical and future performance as these policies involved a greater degree of judgment and complexity.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. As of September 30, 2022, we have not, to date, been exposed to material risks given our early stage of operations. We have not engaged in any hedging activities since our inception.

Credit risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable. We maintain cash with major and reputable financial institutions. Deposits held with the financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided by the Canadian Deposit Insurance Corporation on such deposits but may be redeemed upon demand. We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions. With respect to accounts receivable, we monitor the credit quality of our customers as well as maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments.

Concentration risk

Agreements which potentially subject the Company to concentration risk consist principally of three customer agreements for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively. During the three month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company earned 15%, 11% and 10% of its total revenue from three customers. During the three month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company earned 15% and 11% of its total revenue from two customers. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company earned 13% of its total revenue from two different customers. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company earned 13% and 12% of its total revenue from two customers. For the year ended December 31, 2021, 15% of the Company’s total revenue was earned from a single customer, 13% was earned from a second customer and 12% was earned from a third customer. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 22% of the Company’s total revenue was earned from a single customer, 17% was earned from a second customer and 10% was earned from a third customer.

Interest rate risk

We are not currently exposed to significant market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of September 30, 2022, the Company did not have any cash equivalents or short-term money market funds.

Foreign currency risk

We are not currently exposed to significant market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our operations may be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the future. Our customers are primarily located in the United States, Japan, Germany and Canada; therefore, foreign exchange risk exposures arise from transactions denominated in currencies other than our functional and reporting currency (United States dollars). To date, a majority of our sales have been denominated in United States dollars and a significant portion of our operating expenses are denominated in Canadian dollars. We also purchase certain of our key manufacturing inputs in Euros. As we expand our presence in international markets, our results of operations and cash flows may increasingly be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements to minimize the impact of these fluctuations in the exchange rates. We will periodically reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.

We do not believe that foreign currency risk had a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations during the periods presented.

Inflation risk

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and purchase of materials. We do not believe that inflation had a significant impact on our results of operations for any periods presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs, and our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Concentration of credit risk

We deposit our cash with financial institutions, and, at times, such balances may exceed federally insured limits. Management believes the financial institutions that hold our cash are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to cash.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

This section presents the executive and director compensation of D-Wave Systems Inc. for the periods prior to the completion of the Transaction on August 5, 2022, and D-Wave Quantum Inc. for the periods subsequent to the completion of the Transaction on August 5, 2022. For the purposes of this “Executive Compensation” section “D-Wave Systems” refers to D-Wave Systems Inc., “D-Wave Quantum” refers to D-Wave Quantum Inc., and “D-Wave,” “us”, “we” and “our”, as the context requires, refers to either D-Wave Quantum Inc. or D-Wave Systems Inc.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table presents information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers (“NEOs”) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Name and Principal Position |  | Year |  |  | Salary ($) |  |  | Stock Awards ($)(1) |  |  | Option Awards ($)(2) |  |  | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)(3) |  |  | All Other Compensation ($)(4) |  |  | Total ($) |
Alan E. Baratz |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
President & Chief Executive Officer, Director |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 492,166 |  |  |  | 10,050,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 218,667 |  |  |  | 1,297 |  |  |  | 10,762,130 |
|  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 450,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144,000 |  |  |  | 1,329 |  |  |  | 595,329 |
John M. Markovich(5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chief Financial Officer |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 350,500 |  |  |  | 3,517,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 115,200 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,983,200 |
|  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 118,834 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,161,080 |  |  |  | 30,294 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,310,208 |
Victoria Brydon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SVP People & Operational Excellence |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 191,528 |  |  |  | 818,432 |  |  |  | 1,208,400 |  |  |  | 57,973 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,276,333 |

(1) | The amounts reported in this column reflect the grant date fair value of restricted share unit awards made under the 2022 Plan (as defined below) to the NEOs listed in this table, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 for stock-based compensation transactions. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in note 12 to D-Wave Systems’ audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(2) | The amounts reported in this column reflect the grant date fair value of stock option awards made under the 2022 Plan and 2020 Plan (as defined below) to the NEOs, computed in accordance with ASC 718 for stock-based compensation transactions. Assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in note 12 to D-Wave Systems’ audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic value that will be realized by the named executive officer upon the vesting of the stock options, the exercise of the stock options, or the sale of the common stock underlying such stock options.

(3) | For 2022, the amounts reported in this column reflect annual cash incentive payments to each NEO determined by the compensation committee of the D-Wave Quantum board of directors (the “Compensation Committee”). For 2021, the amounts reported in this column reflect the annual bonus payable as determined by the D-Wave Systems compensation committee.

(4) | For 2022 and 2021, represents a reimbursement to Dr. Baratz for tax accounting expenses.

(5) | Mr. Markovich commenced employment on August 20, 2021.

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2022 Fiscal Year End

The following table presents information regarding outstanding equity awards held by the D-Wave named executive officers as of December 31, 2022. All awards were granted pursuant to the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) or the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”). Following the Transaction, each option of D-Wave Systems granted under the 2020 plan became exercisable at its original option exercise price for 0.8896570 Common Shares of D-Wave Quantum. See the section titled “—Equity Incentive Plans—2020 Plan and 2022 Plan” below for additional information.

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|  | Option Awards |  |  | Stock Awards |
Name |  | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable(1) |  |  | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable(1) |  |  | Option Exercise Price ($) |  |  | Option Expiration Date |  |  | Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) |  |  | Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($)(8) |
Alan E. Baratz |  |  | 2,920,207 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 5/5/2030 |  |  |  | 2,500,000 | (5) |  |  | 3,600,000 |
John M. Markovich |  |  | 500,498 |  |  |  | 1,000,888 | (2) |  |  | 0.82 |  |  |  | 8/20/2031 |  |  |  | 875,000 | (6) |  |  | 1,260,000 |
Victoria Brydon |  |  | 159,283 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 5/05/30 |  |  |  | 203,590 | (7) |  |  | 293,170 |
|  |  | 68,666 |  |  |  | 37,648 | (3) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 5/05/30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | — |  |  |  | 120,000 | (4) |  |  | 10.07 |  |  |  | 8/18/32 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Except as otherwise noted, these amounts represent Common Shares of D-Wave Quantum issuable upon exercise of previously granted options of D-Wave Systems, following the Transaction.

(2) | The remaining portion of the option vests in equal monthly installments on the 20th of each month through August 20, 2025.

(3) | The remaining portion of the option vests in equal monthly installments on the 5th of each month through May 5, 2024.

(4) | The option vests as to 30,000 shares on February 16, 2023, with the remaining portion of the option vesting in equal monthly installments on the 16th of each month through February 16, 2026.

(5) | 1,000,000 of these restricted share units vest at a rate of 50% on the first and second anniversaries of the grant date of October 27, 2022. 1,500,000 of these restricted share units vest at a rate of 50% on the first anniversary and then 25% on each of the second and third anniversaries of the grant date of October 27, 2022.

(6) | 875,000 of these restricted shares vest at a rate of 50% on the first anniversary of the grant date and then 25% on each of the second and third anniversaries of the grant date of October 27, 2022.

(7) | 203,590 of these restricted shares will vest at a rate of 50% on the first anniversary of the grant date and then 25% on each of the second and third anniversaries of the grant date of October 27, 2022.

(8) | The market value of these shares is based on the closing price of D-Wave Quantum on December 30, 2022 ($1.44 per share).

Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers

Alan E. Baratz. In January 2020, D-Wave Commercial Inc. (“D-Wave Commercial”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of D-Wave, entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Dr. Baratz which governs the current terms of his employment as D-Wave’s President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Baratz’s annual base salary for 2022 under such agreement was $450,000. Dr. Baratz is eligible to participate in our management bonus plan, with a target bonus percentage of 50% of his base salary, based on achievement of corporate objectives under our corporate bonus plan and personal objectives set by our board of directors. For 2021, D-Wave Systems’ bonus plan achievement was based on objectives directed at providing stockholder value, with elements including product and technology development, financial metrics and customer sales, and taking into account both individual and company-wide performance. Dr. Baratz is also eligible to participate in D-Wave Systems’ standard employee benefit plans and programs for D-Wave Systems’ US-based employees, and is entitled to reimbursement of up to $7,500 per year for reasonable tax accounting expenses. Dr. Baratz’s employment agreement also provided for a grant of options, which are no longer outstanding as a result of the D-Wave Systems 2020 recapitalization. Pursuant to his employment agreement, if Dr. Baratz’s employment is terminated by D-Wave Systems without cause, he is entitled to receive 12 months’ base salary as a severance payment. In addition, pursuant to Dr. Baratz’s option award agreements, (i) in the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2020 Plan), the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest in the immediately succeeding 24 months shall immediately vest, and the vesting date for the remaining unvested tranches of each outstanding option shall accelerate by 24 months, and (ii) in the event of his termination by D-Wave Systems without cause within the 12 month period following a change in control, the remaining unvested portion of his outstanding options shall fully vest. The completion of the Transaction constituted a change in control for purposes of the 2020 Plan. The restrictive covenants in Dr. Baratz’s employment agreement include confidentiality, invention assignment and a one-year non-solicitation of employees.

On October 27, 2022, D-Wave Commercial and Dr. Baratz entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the amended and restated employment agreement discussed above, to reflect updates to Dr. Baratz’s compensation arrangements as approved by D-Wave’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee of the Board. Pursuant to the Amendment, D-Wave increased Dr. Baratz’s annual base salary to $575,000 per annum, effective as of September 1, 2022, and granted Dr. Baratz’s eligibility to participate in the D-Wave 2022 Bonus Plan and any future performance-based bonus plans that apply to D-Wave’s Chief Executive Officer. Effective as of September 1, 2022, Dr. Baratz’s on-target bonus under the D-Wave 2022 Bonus Plan is 100% of Dr. Baratz’s base salary, based on achievement of the corporate objectives under the plan, and personal objectives set by the Board. Certain changes were also made to the termination provisions of the amended and restated employment agreement to provide that, upon

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a termination without cause, D-Wave will provide twelve months’ base salary as a lump sum payment, twelve months base salary continuance, or a combination of the two, plus a lump sum target bonus payment, which will be equal to 100% of base salary, subject to certain conditions. In addition, subsequent to the close of the Transaction, Dr. Baratz was awarded a Long-Term Retention Award of 1,500,000 RSUs, which vest over a three-year period (50% on the first anniversary; the remainder vesting ratably over the remaining two years of the three-year vesting period). Dr. Baratz was also awarded a Special Recognition Award of 1,000,000 RSUs, which vest over a two-year period (50% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant).

John M. Markovich. In August 2021, D-Wave Systems entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Markovich which governs the current terms of his employment as D-Wave’s Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Markovich’s current annual base salary for 2022 is $400,000. Mr. Markovich is eligible to participate in any bonus plan that may be established for executive officers, with a target bonus percentage of 70% (effective September 1, 2022) of base salary, based on achievement of corporate objectives under our corporate bonus plan and personal objectives set by our Chief Executive Officer. For 2022, D-Wave’s bonus plan achievement was based on objectives directed at providing stockholder value, with elements including product and technology development, financial metrics and customer sales, and taking into account both individual and company-wide performance. Mr. Markovich’s employment agreement provides for a grant of 1,687,602 options (pursuant to the 2020 Plan), with vesting terms as described above in the Outstanding Equity Awards Table. In addition, subsequent to the close of the Transaction, Mr. Markovich was awarded an equity award of 875,000 RSUs, which vest over a three-year period (50% on the first anniversary; the remainder vesting ratably over the remaining two years of the three-year vesting period). Mr. Markovich is eligible to participate in D-Wave’s standard employee benefit plans and programs for D-Wave’s U.S.-based employees. Pursuant to his employment agreement, if Mr. Markovich’s employment is terminated by D-Wave without cause (as defined in his employment agreement), he is entitled to receive 12 months’ base salary as a severance payment. In addition, pursuant to Mr. Markovich’s option award agreements, in the event of his termination by D-Wave without cause within the 12-month period following a change in control, the portion of his outstanding options that would have vested in the next 24 months shall fully vest. The restrictive covenants in Mr. Markovich’s employment agreement include confidentiality, invention assignment and a one-year non-solicitation of employees.

Victoria Brydon. In February 2015, D-Wave Systems entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Brydon (which has been subsequently amended most recently as of February 2022 in connection with her promotion to Senior Vice President, People & Operational Excellence). Ms. Brydon’s current annual base salary for 2022 is $212,993. Ms. Brydon is eligible to participate in any bonus plan that may be established for executive officers, with a target bonus percentage of 40% of base salary, based on achievement of corporate objectives under our corporate bonus plan and personal objectives set by our Chief Executive Officer. For 2022, D-Wave’s bonus plan achievement was based on objectives directed at providing stockholder value, with elements including product and technology development, financial metrics and customer sales, and taking into account both individual and company-wide performance. Ms. Brydon’s employment agreement provided for a grant of options, which are no longer outstanding as a result of the D-Wave Systems 2020 recapitalization, plus an additional 120,000 options in connection with her promotion to Senior Vice President, with vesting terms as described above in the Outstanding Equity Awards Table. In addition, subsequent to the close of the Transaction, Ms. Brydon was awarded an equity award of 203,590 RSUs, which vest over a three-year period (50% on the first anniversary; the remainder vesting ratably over the remaining two years of the three-year vesting period). Ms. Brydon is eligible to participate in D-Wave’s standard employee benefit plans and programs for D-Wave’s Canadian-based employees. Pursuant to her employment agreement, if Ms. Brydon’s employment is terminated by D-Wave without cause (as defined in her employment agreement), she is entitled to receive 6 months’ base salary as a severance payment. In addition, pursuant to Ms. Brydon’s equity award agreements, in the event of her termination by D-Wave without cause within the 12-month period following a change in control, the portion of her outstanding equity that would have vested in the next 12 months shall fully vest. The restrictive covenants in Ms. Brydon’s employment agreement include confidentiality, invention assignment and a one-year noncompete.

Health and Welfare and Retirement Benefits; Perquisites

Each of the executive officers is eligible to participate in D-Wave’s employee benefit plans offered in their respective country of employment, including medical, dental, vision, disability and life insurance plans, in each case on the same basis as all of D-Wave’s other full-time employees. D-Wave generally does not provide perquisites or personal benefits to its named executive officers, except in limited circumstances, and except for annual tax preparation assistance provided to Dr. Baratz (described above), it did not provide any perquisites or personal benefits to its named executive officers in 2022.

Eligible US-based employees, including D-Wave’s U.S.-based executive officers, are eligible to participate in a defined contribution retirement plan that provides such employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax advantaged basis. Eligible US-based employees may defer eligible compensation on a pre-tax or after-tax (Roth) basis, up to the statutorily prescribed annual limits on contributions under the Code. Contributions are allocated to each participant’s individual account and are then invested in selected investment alternatives according to the participants’ directions. D-Wave currently does not make any matching contributions into the 401(k) plan on behalf of participants. Participants are always vested in their contributions to the plan. The 401(k) plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k) plan’s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions to the 401(k) plan (except for Roth contributions) and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to the employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan. D-Wave currently does not offer a retirement savings plan structure to any of its Canada-based employees.

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Equity Incentive Plans

Equity-based compensation has been and will continue to be an important foundation in executive compensation packages as D-Wave believes it is important to maintain a strong link between executive incentives and the creation of stockholder value. D-Wave believes that performance and equity-based compensation can be an important component of the total executive compensation package for maximizing stockholder value while, at the same time, attracting, motivating and retaining high-quality executives. Following the Transaction, the 2022 Plan, which is described below, became an important element of our compensation arrangements for our executives and directors. Our executives (including our named executive officers) are also eligible to participate in the ESPP described below. Prior to the Transaction, D-Wave Systems granted equity-based compensation pursuant to its 2020 Plan, described below.

2022 Plan

The following summary describes the material terms of the 2022 Plan, which was adopted by D-Wave Quantum in connection with the Transaction.

Administration. The compensation committee of our board of directors (or subcommittee thereof) administers the 2022 Plan. The compensation committee has the authority to determine the terms and conditions of any agreements evidencing any awards granted under the 2022 Plan and to adopt, alter and repeal rules, guidelines and practices relating to the 2022 Plan. The compensation committee has full discretion to administer and interpret the 2022 Plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable and to determine, among other things, the time or times at which the awards may be exercised and whether and under what circumstances an award may be exercised.

Eligibility. Any current or prospective employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors of the Company who are selected by the compensation committee are eligible for awards under the 2022 Plan. The compensation committee has the sole and complete authority to determine who will be granted an award under the 2022 Plan.

Number of Shares Authorized. Pursuant to the 2022 Plan, we have reserved 16,965,849 Common Shares for issuance of awards to be granted thereunder, subject to an annual increase on January 1st of each year for a period of ten years commencing on January 1, 2023 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2032, in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 5% of the fully-diluted number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31st of the immediately preceding calendar year (inclusive of the share reserve under the ESPP and the 2022 Plan (or any successor to either of the foregoing)) and (b) such smaller number of shares as is determined by our board of directors (the “Share Pool”). The number of shares that may be issued with respect to incentive stock options under the 2022 Plan is equal to three times the number of shares initially reserved in the Share Pool. The maximum grant date fair value of cash and equity awards that may be awarded to a non-employee director under the 2022 Plan during any one fiscal year, taken together with any cash fees paid to such non-employee director during such fiscal year, in respect of service as a member of the board of directors during such year will be $750,000 (or, $1,000,000 in the event such non-employee director is first appointed or elected to the Board during such fiscal year); provided that the foregoing limitation shall not apply to compensation approved by the other non-employee members of the Board to be provided to a non-employee member of the Board in respect of their service as an employee or consultant (including as an interim officer). Shares may be issued in connection with a merger or acquisition as permitted by, as applicable, the NYSE and its applicable rules and guidance, and such issuance will not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The following actions do not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan: (1) the expiration or termination of any portion of an award without the shares covered by such portion of the award having been issued, (2) the settlement of any portion of an award in cash, (3) the withholding of shares that would otherwise be issued by the Company to satisfy the exercise, strike or purchase price of an award; or (4) the withholding of shares that would otherwise be issued by the Company to satisfy a tax withholding obligation in connection with an award. The following shares will be added back and again become available for issuance under the 2022 Plan: (1) any shares that are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of a failure to meet a contingency or condition required for the vesting of such shares; (2) any shares that are reacquired by the Company to satisfy the exercise, strike or purchase price of an award; and (3) any shares that are reacquired by the Company to satisfy a tax withholding obligation in connection with an award.

Change in Capitalization. If there is a change in our capitalization in the event of a stock or extraordinary cash dividend, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares of our common stock or other relevant change in capitalization (including a change in control, as defined in 2022 Plan) or applicable law or circumstances, such that the compensation committee determines that an adjustment to the terms of the 2022 Plan (or awards thereunder) is necessary or appropriate, then the compensation committee shall make adjustments in

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a manner that it deems equitable, including by: (i) adjusting the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan, the number of shares covered by awards then outstanding under the 2022 Plan, the limitations on awards under the 2022 Plan, the exercise price of outstanding options, the strike price of outstanding stock appreciation rights or any applicable performance measures or criteria, (ii) providing for a substitution or assumption of awards under the 2022 Plan (iii) accelerating the delivery, vesting and/or exercisability of, lapse of restrictions and/or other conditions on, or termination of, awards under the 2022 Plan, (iv) providing for a period of time not exceeding ten (10) days for the exercise of awards under the 2022 Plan prior to the occurrence of such event (v) cancelling any awards under the 2022 Plan in exchange for consideration equal to value of the underlying award, or (vi) such other equitable substitution or adjustments as the compensation committee may determine appropriate.

Awards Available for Grant. The compensation committee may grant awards of nonqualified stock options, incentive (qualified) stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards, other cash-based awards, deferred awards or any combination of the foregoing. Awards may be granted under the 2022 Plan in assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by an entity acquired by the Company or with which the Company combines, which are referred to herein as “Substitute Awards.”

Stock Options. The compensation committee is authorized to grant options to purchase Common Shares that are either “qualified,” meaning they are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code for incentive stock options, or “nonqualified,” meaning they are not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. All options granted under the 2022 Plan shall be nonqualified unless the applicable award agreement expressly states that the option is intended to be an incentive stock option. Options granted under the 2022 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the compensation committee. Under the terms of the 2022 Plan, the exercise price of the options will not be less than the fair market value (or 110% of the fair market value in the case of a qualified option granted to a 10% shareholder) of our common stock at the time of grant (except with respect to Substitute Awards). Options granted under the 2022 Plan will be subject to such terms, including the exercise price and the conditions and timing of exercise, as may be determined by the compensation committee and specified in the applicable award agreement. The maximum term of an option granted under the 2022 Plan will be 10 years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of a qualified option granted to a 10% shareholder), provided that if the term of a nonqualified option would expire at a time when trading in the shares of our common stock is prohibited by the Company’s insider trading policy, the option’s term may be extended automatically until the 30th day following the expiration of such prohibition (as long as such extension shall not violate Section 409A of the Code). Payment in respect of the exercise of an option may be made in cash, by check, by cash equivalent, or by such other method as the compensation committee may permit in its sole discretion, including (i) by delivery of other property (including previously owned shares that are not subject to any pledge or other security interest) having a fair market value equal to the exercise price and all applicable required withholding taxes, (ii) if there is a public market for the shares of our common stock at such time, by means of a broker-assisted cashless exercise mechanism or (iii) by means of a “net exercise” procedure effected by withholding the minimum number of shares otherwise deliverable in respect of an option that are needed to pay the exercise price and all applicable required withholding taxes, based upon the fair market value of the withheld shares on the date of exercise. In all events of cashless or net exercise, any fractional shares of common stock will be settled in cash.

Stock Appreciation Rights. The compensation committee is authorized to award SARs under the 2022 Plan. SARs will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the compensation committee. A SAR is a contractual right that allows a participant to receive, in the form of either cash, shares or any combination of cash and shares, the appreciation, if any, in the value of a share over a certain period of time. An option granted under the 2022 Plan may include SARs, and SARs may also be awarded to a participant independent of the grant of an option. SARs granted in connection with an option shall be subject to terms similar to the option corresponding to such SARs, including with respect to vesting and expiration. Except as otherwise provided by the compensation committee (in the case of Substitute Awards or SARs granted in tandem with previously granted options), the strike price per share of our common stock underlying each SAR shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of such share, determined as of the date of grant and the maximum term of a SAR granted under the 2022 Plan will be 10 years from the date of grant; provided that if the term of a SAR would expire at a time when trading in the shares of our common stock is prohibited by the Company’s insider trading policy, the SAR’s term may be extended automatically until the 30th day following the expiration of such prohibition (as long as such extension shall not violate Section 409A of the Code).

Restricted Stock. The compensation committee is authorized to grant restricted stock under the 2022 Plan, which will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the compensation committee. Restricted stock is common stock that is generally non-transferable and is subject to other restrictions determined by the compensation committee for a specified period. Any accumulated dividends will be payable at the same time that the underlying restricted stock vests.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards. The compensation committee is authorized to grant restricted stock unit awards, which will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the compensation committee. A restricted stock unit award, once vested, may be settled in a number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of units earned, in cash equal to the fair market value of the number of shares of our common stock earned in respect of such restricted stock unit award or in a combination of the foregoing, at the

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election of the compensation committee. Restricted stock units may be settled at the expiration of the period over which the units are to be earned or at a later date selected by the compensation committee. To the extent provided in an award agreement, the holder of outstanding restricted stock units shall be entitled to be credited with dividend equivalent payments upon the payment by us of dividends on shares of our common stock, which accumulated dividend equivalents shall be payable at the same time that the underlying restricted stock units are settled.

Other Stock-Based Awards and Other Cash-Based Awards. The compensation committee is authorized to grant awards of unrestricted shares of our common stock, rights to receive grants of awards at a future date, other awards denominated in shares of our common stock, or awards that provide for cash payments based in whole or in part on the value of our common stock under such terms and conditions as the compensation committee may determine and as set forth in the applicable award agreement.

Deferred Awards. The compensation committee is authorized, subject to limitations under applicable law, to grant to participants deferred awards, which may be a right to receive shares or cash under the 2022 Plan (either independently or as an element of or supplement to any other award under the 2022 Plan), including, as may be required by any applicable law or regulations or determined by the compensation committee, in lieu of any annual bonus, commission or retainer that may be payable to a participant under any applicable, bonus, commission or retainer plan or arrangement, under such terms and conditions as the compensation committee may determine and as set forth in the applicable award agreement.

Effect of a Change in Control. The following provisions shall apply only in the case an award agreement specifically provided that they will apply. Unless otherwise provided in an award agreement, or any applicable employment, consulting, change in control, severance or other agreement between us and a participant, in the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2022 Plan): (i) if the acquirer or successor company in such change in control has agreed to provide for the substitution, assumption, exchange or other continuation of awards, then, if the participant’s employment with or service to the Company is terminated by the Company without cause (and other than due to death or disability) on or within 12 months following a change in control, then unless otherwise provided by the Committee, all options and SARs held by such participant shall become immediately exercisable with respect to 100% of the shares subject to such Options and SARs, and the restricted period (and any other conditions) shall expire immediately with respect to 100% of the shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units and any other awards (other than another cash-based award) held by such participant (including a waiver of any applicable performance conditions); provided that if the vesting or exercisability of any Award would otherwise be subject to the achievement of performance conditions, the portion of such award that shall become fully vested and immediately exercisable shall be based on the assumed achievement of actual or target performance as determined by the compensation committee; (ii) if the acquirer or successor company in such change in control has not agreed to provide for the substitution, assumption, exchange or other continuation of awards, then unless otherwise provided by the Committee, all options and SARs held by such participant shall become immediately exercisable with respect to 100% of the shares subject to such options and SARs, and the restricted period (and any other conditions) shall expire immediately with respect to 100% of the shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units and any other awards (other than another cash-based award) held by such participant (including a waiver of any applicable performance conditions); provided that if the vesting or exercisability of any award would otherwise be subject to the achievement of performance conditions, the portion of such award that shall become fully vested and immediately exercisable shall be based on the assumed achievement of actual or target performance as determined by the compensation committee; and (iii) in addition, the compensation committee may upon at least ten (10) days’ advance notice to the affected participants, cancel any outstanding award and pay to the holders thereof, in cash, securities or other property (including of the acquiring or successor company), or any combination thereof, the value of such awards based upon the price per share received or to be received by other stockholders of the Company in the event (it being understood that any option or SAR having a per-share exercise or hurdle price equal to, or in excess of, the fair market value (as of the date specified by the compensation committee) of a share subject thereto may be canceled and terminated without any payment or consideration therefor).

Nontransferability. Each award may be exercised during the participant’s lifetime by the participant or, if permissible under applicable law, by the participant’s guardian or legal representative. No award may be assigned, alienated, pledged, attached, sold or otherwise transferred or encumbered by a participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution unless the compensation committee permits the award to be transferred to a permitted transferee (as defined in the 2022 Plan).

Amendment. The 2022 Plan will have a term of 10 years. The board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the 2022 Plan at any time, subject to shareholder approval if necessary to comply with any tax, exchange rules, or other applicable regulatory requirement. No amendment, suspension or termination will materially and adversely affect the rights of any participant or recipient of any award without the consent of the participant or recipient. The compensation committee may, to the extent consistent with the terms of any applicable award agreement, waive any conditions or rights under, amend any terms of, or alter, suspend, discontinue, cancel or terminate, any award theretofore granted or the associated award agreement, prospectively or retroactively; provided that any such waiver, amendment, alteration, suspension, discontinuance, cancellation or termination that would materially and adversely affect the rights of any participant with respect to any award theretofore granted will not to that extent be effective without the consent of the affected participant. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, no shareholder approval will be required for any of the following

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amendments: (i) reducing the exercise price of any option or the strike price of any SAR, (ii) cancelling any outstanding option and replacing it with a new option (with a lower exercise price) or cancelling any SAR and replacing with a new SAR (with a lower strike price) or, in each case, with another award or cash in a manner that would be treated as a repricing (for compensation disclosure or accounting purposes), (iii) taking any other action considered a repricing for purposes of the shareholder approval rules of the applicable securities exchange on which our common shares are listed and (iv) cancelling any outstanding option or SAR that has a per-share exercise price or strike price (as applicable) at or above the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of cancellation and paying any consideration to the holder thereof.

Clawback/Forfeiture. Awards may be subject to clawback or forfeiture to the extent (i) the participant engaged in or engages in activity that is in conflict with or adverse to the interests of the Company, including fraud or conduct contributing to any financial restatements or irregularities, (ii) the participant violates a non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement or non-disclosure covenant or agreement with the Company, (iii) the participant is terminated for Cause (as defined in the 2022 Plan), (iv) required by applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act) and/or the rules and regulations of NYSE or other applicable securities exchange, or (v) if so required pursuant to a written policy adopted by the Company or the provisions of an award agreement. In addition, the compensation committee will have full authority to implement any policies and procedures necessary to comply with Section 10D of the Exchange Act and any rules promulgated thereunder and any other regulatory regimes.

ESPP

The following summary describes the material terms of the ESPP, which was adopted by D-Wave Quantum in connection with the Transaction.

Administration. The compensation committee of our board of directors (or any person or institution selected by the compensation committee) will administer the ESPP. The ESPP is implemented through a series of offerings under which eligible employees are granted purchase rights to purchase shares of our common stock on specified dates during such offerings. Under the ESPP, the plan administrator has full discretion to administer and interpret the ESPP and to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable and to determine, among other things, the duration, frequency, start date and end dates of offering periods. The ESPP includes two components: a 423 Component and a Non-423 Component. D-Wave Quantum intends that the 423 Component will qualify as options issued under an “employee stock purchase plan” as that term is defined in Section 423(b) of the Code. Except as otherwise provided in the ESPP or determined by D-Wave Quantum Board, the Non-423 Component will operate and be administered in the same manner as the 423 Component.

Eligibility. Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, employed by the Company or one of the Company’s designated subsidiaries, will be eligible to participate in the ESPP and may contribute, normally through payroll deductions, an aggregate amount equal to their contribution for the purchase of our common stock under the ESPP. Unless otherwise determined by the plan administrator, common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share equal to not less than the lesser of (i) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the first trading date of an offering or (ii) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of purchase. The administrator may impose different eligibility requirements with respect to the Non-423 Component.

Number of Shares Authorized. Pursuant to the ESPP, we have reserved 8,036,455 Common Shares, subject to an annual increase on January 1st of each year for a period of ten years commencing on January 1, 2023 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2032, in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 1% of the fully-diluted number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31st of the immediately preceding calendar year (inclusive of the share reserve under the ESPP and the 2022 Plan (or any successor to either of the foregoing)), (b) 1,607,291 shares and (c) such smaller number of shares as is determined by our board of directors. For the avoidance of doubt, up to the maximum number of shares reserve under the ESPP may be used to satisfy purchases of shares under the 423 Component of the ESPP and any remaining portion may be used to satisfy purchases of shares under the Non-423 Component.

Limitations. Employees may have to satisfy one or more of the following service requirements before participating in the 423 Component of the ESPP, as determined by the plan administrator, including: (i) being customarily employed for more than 20 hours per week; (ii) being customarily employed for more than five months per calendar year; or (iii) classified as an employee for tax purposes. No employee will be eligible for the grant of any purchase rights under the 423 Component of the ESPP if immediately after such rights are granted, such employee has voting power over 5% or more of our capital stock measured by vote or value pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code.

Changes to Capital Structure. In the event that there occurs a change in the Company’s capital structure through such actions as a stock split, merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, reincorporation, stock dividend, dividend in property other than cash, large nonrecurring cash dividend, liquidating dividend, combination of shares, exchange of shares, change in corporate structure

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or other similar equity restructuring transactions, the plan administrator will make appropriate adjustments to (i) the class(es) and maximum number of shares reserved under the ESPP, (ii) the class(es) and maximum number of shares by which the share reserve may increase automatically each year, (iii) the class(es) and maximum number of shares and purchase price applicable to all outstanding offerings and purchase rights and (iv) the class(es) and number of shares that are subject to purchase limits under ongoing offerings.

Corporate Transactions. In the event of a corporate transaction, as defined in the ESPP, any then-outstanding rights to purchase shares under the ESPP may be assumed, continued or substituted by any surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent company). If the surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent company) elects not to assume, continue or substitute such purchase rights, then each offering period in progress will be shortened and a new purchase date will be set by the compensation committee, and such purchase rights will terminate immediately.

ESPP Amendment or Termination. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the ESPP, provided that except in certain circumstances such amendment or termination may not materially and adversely affect any outstanding purchase rights without the holder’s consent. The Company must obtain shareholder approval of any amendment to the ESPP to the extent required by applicable law or listing rules.

2020 Plan

The following summary describes the material terms of the 2020 Plan, which was adopted by the D-Wave Systems board of directors in 2020.

Purpose. The purpose of the 2020 Plan was to provide eligible participants an opportunity from time to time to acquire a proprietary interest in D-Wave Systems and to develop the interest of eligible participants in the growth and development of D-Wave Systems, providing an incentive to eligible participants to further the success of D-Wave Systems, attracting and retaining eligible participants, and rewarding eligible participants with the benefits associated with having a proprietary interest in D-Wave Systems. Employees, officers, directors and consultants of D-Wave Systems or its affiliates were eligible to participate in the 2020 Plan to the extent approved by the Compensation Committee of D-Wave or the Board of D-Wave.

Administration. The 2020 Plan is administered by the Board or the Compensation Committee. The Board or the Compensation Committee may issue rules and regulations for administration of the 2020 Plan. The Board or Compensation Committee, as applicable, has the authority to implement and carry out the 2020 Plan, including without limitation, the authority to determine the participants to whom awards will be granted; determine the type or types of awards to be granted under the 2020 Plan; determine the number of shares to be issuable pursuant to (or with respect to which payments, rights or other matters are to be calculated in connection with) awards; determine the terms and conditions of any award, determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances awards may be settled or exercised in cash, shares, other awards, other property, net settlement, cashless exercise, broker-assisted cashless exercise or any combination thereof, or cancelled, forfeited or suspended, and the method or methods by which awards may be settled, exercised, cancelled, forfeited or suspended; determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances cash, shares, other awards, other property and other amounts payable with respect to an award under the 2020 Plan shall be deferred either automatically or at the election of the holder thereof or of the Compensation Committee; interpret and administer the 2020 Plan; establish, amend, suspend or waive such rules and regulations and appoint such agents as it shall deem appropriate for the proper administration of the 2020 Plan; grant waivers, amend or modify an award, and correct any defect or reconcile any inconsistency with the 2020 Plan or an award; and make any other determination and take any other action that the Compensation Committee deems necessary or desirable for the administration of the 2020 Plan.

Grants of Awards. The Board may, at any time, subject to the terms of the 2020 Plan, grant to a participant an award or awards in respect of the number of shares the Board determines and the Board may specify the grant date, exercise price, vesting timing and conditions, expiration date and such other terms and conditions of the award. The exercise price per share purchasable under an award is determined by the Board at the time of grant, provided, that, except in the case of substitute awards, such exercise price shall not be less than the fair market value of a share on the date of grant of such award.

Share Reserve. Subject to adjustments for changes in capitalization, the maximum number of shares available for grant under the 2020 Plan and all other plans of a similar nature will not exceed 15% of the aggregate D-Wave Systems Shares, on a fully diluted basis. If an award expires, terminates, is surrendered, is cancelled or otherwise becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full (a “Surrendering Event”), such shares will be available for future grant, the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of awards as well as the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options will not exceed 15% of the aggregate D-Wave Systems Shares, on a fully diluted basis on the date of adoption of the plan, plus, to the extent allowable under Section 422 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, any shares that become available for issuance under the 2020 Plan as a result of a Surrendering Event. Any shares delivered pursuant to an award may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares or shares acquired by D-Wave Systems.

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Options. The term of an option may be determined by the Board, but in any event, subject to accelerated termination of an option and other early termination as provided for in the 2020 Plan or an award agreement, each option will expire on the earlier of the expiration date; and the tenth anniversary of the date that the shares become publicly listed for trading on a securities exchange, provided that the Board may (but shall not be required to) provide in an award agreement for an extension of the expiration date of the award in the event the exercise of the option would be prohibited by law at the time of expiration pursuant to the terms of the award agreement or this 2020 Plan. Each option will vest in accordance with the vesting schedule as determined by the Board. The Board has the discretion to accelerate the date upon which any portion of any option may vest. The consideration to be paid for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option, including the method of payment, shall be determined by the Compensation Committee. Such consideration may be paid by: (i) cash or certified check or combination thereof; (ii) net settlement or broker-assisted cashless exercise; or (iii) to the extent expressly permitted by the Compensation Committee, (A) except for an award holder that is resident in Canada, other shares which have a fair market value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate exercise price of the shares as to which said option shall be exercised; or (B) such other consideration and method of payment for the issuance of shares to the extent permitted by applicable laws. Following the Transaction, each option previously granted under the 2020 plan became exercisable for 0.8896570 Common Shares.

Share Appreciation Rights (“SARs”). The exercise price or hurdle price per share under a SAR shall be determined by the Compensation Committee; provided, however, that, except in the case of substitute awards, such exercise price or hurdle price shall not be less than the fair market value of a share on the date of grant of such SAR. The term of each SAR shall be fixed by the Compensation Committee but shall not exceed 10 years from the date of grant of such SAR. The Compensation Committee shall determine the time or times at which a SAR may vest and/or be exercised or settled in whole or in part. The Compensation Committee may specify in an award agreement that an “in- the-money” SAR shall be automatically exercised on its expiration date.

Restricted Shares. D-Wave may grant restricted shares in such number and at such times as the Committee may, in its sole discretion, determine, as a bonus or similar payment in respect of services rendered by the participant for a fiscal year of D-Wave or otherwise as compensation, including as an incentive for future performance by the participant. The award agreement for awards of restricted shares shall specify the vesting schedule; the exercise price, which, to the extent required by applicable law, will not be less than the par value of a share; the consideration permissible for the payment of the purchase price of the restricted shares, which shall be satisfied in one of the following ways: (i) in cash at the time of purchase; (ii) by services rendered or to be rendered to D-Wave; or (iii) in any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Board; and transferability. Restricted shares shall be subject to such restrictions as the Compensation Committee may impose (including any limitation on the right to vote a share of restricted shares or the right to receive any dividend, dividend equivalent or other right), which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in such installments or otherwise, as the Compensation Committee may deem appropriate.

Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”). The Compensation Committee may grant RSUs in such number and at such times as the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, determine, as a bonus or similar payment in respect of services rendered by a participant for a fiscal year of D-Wave or otherwise as compensation, including as an incentive for future performance by a participant. The award agreement shall specify the vesting schedule and the delivery schedule (which may include deferred delivery later than the vesting date). RSUs shall be subject to such restrictions as the Compensation Committee may impose, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times, in such installments or otherwise, as the Compensation Committee may deem appropriate. Dividend equivalents may be credited in respect of RSUs, as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate. Such dividend equivalents may be converted into additional RSUs by dividing (1) the aggregate amount or value of the dividends paid with respect to that number of shares equal to the number of RSUs then credited by (2) the fair market value per share on the payment date for such dividend. The additional RSUs credited by reason of such dividend equivalents will be subject to all the terms and conditions of the underlying RSUs to which they relate. A director that is not an employee and is subject to Canadian taxation shall not be entitled to receive RSUs.

Performance Awards. The Compensation Committee is authorized to grant performance awards in such number and at such times as the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, determine, as a bonus or similar payment in respect of services rendered by the participant for a fiscal year of D-Wave or otherwise as compensation, including as an incentive for future performance by the participant. Performance awards may be denominated as a cash amount, number of shares or a combination thereof and are awards which may be earned upon achievement or satisfaction of performance conditions specified by the Compensation Committee. In addition, the Compensation Committee may specify that any other award shall constitute a performance award by conditioning the right of an award holder to exercise the award or have it settled or vest, and the timing thereof, upon achievement or satisfaction of such performance conditions as may be specified by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee may use such business criteria and other measures of performance as it may deem appropriate in establishing any performance conditions. Subject to the terms of the 2020 Plan, the performance goals to be achieved during any performance period, the length of any performance period, the termination provisions, the amount of any performance award granted and the amount of any payment or transfer to be made pursuant to any performance award shall be determined by the Compensation Committee. Performance awards will be settled only after the end of the relevant performance period. The Compensation Committee shall specify the circumstances in which, and the extent to which, performance awards shall be paid or forfeited in the event of an award holder’s termination.

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Other Share-Based awards. The Compensation Committee is authorized, subject to limitations under applicable law, to grant to participants such other awards that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, shares or factors that may influence the value of shares, including convertible or exchangeable debt securities, other rights convertible or exchangeable into shares, purchase rights for shares, awards with value and payment contingent upon performance of D-Wave or business units thereof or any other factors designated by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such awards. shares delivered pursuant to an award in the nature of a purchase right granted shall be purchased for such consideration, paid for at such times, by such methods and in such forms, including cash, shares, other awards, other property, or any combination thereof, as the Compensation Committee shall determine. Cash awards, as an element of or supplement to any other award under the 2020 Plan, may also be granted.

Treatment on Termination. If an award holder’s employment or service as a director or a consultant terminates for any reason, voluntarily or involuntarily, any part of an award that has not vested will immediately cease vesting on the termination date and the award holder will not be entitled to any compensation in respect of any part of an award that has not vested. In the case of employees: upon termination of their employment for cause, the award will expire immediately; upon termination of their employment generally for any other reason other than death, any vested but unexercised part of the award may be exercised until the earlier of 90 days following the termination date and the date its term expires, as applicable; upon termination of employment due to death, any vested but unexercised part of an award may be exercised until the earlier of 180 days following the termination date and the date its term expires. In the case of directors: if the director ceases to hold office due to removal in accordance with section 129 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (“BCBCA”) or due to becoming otherwise disqualified to hold office as a director, the award will expire immediately upon the termination date; otherwise if the director ceases to hold office as a director for any other, all non-vested awards will expire upon the termination date and any vested but unexercised part of the award may be exercised until the earlier of 90 days (180 days in the case of death or disability) following the date the award holder ceases to be a director and the date its term expires, as applicable. If a participant’s services as a consultant are terminated for any reason, all non-vested awards will expire upon the termination date and any vested but unexercised part of the award may be exercised until the earlier of 90 days following the termination date and the date its term expires.

Transferability. In general, awards are not transferable or assignable, and may not be made subject to any other alienation, sale, pledge, hypothecation, disposal, encumbrance, execution, attachment or similar process, otherwise than by will or by the operation of laws. During the lifetime of the award holder, an award is exercisable only by the award holder, and any elections with respect to an award, may be made only by the award holder.

Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization, Amalgamation, Dissolution, etc. The number of shares subject to an outstanding award, and the number of shares which have been authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan but as to which no awards have yet been granted or which have been returned to the 2020 Plan upon cancellation or expiration of an award, as well as the exercise price for each such outstanding award, will be proportionately adjusted for any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares resulting from a share split, reverse share split, share dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, subdivision, consolidation, combination or reclassification of the shares, or any other increase or decrease in the number of issued shares effected without receipt of consideration by D-Wave, and if the adjustment would result in fractional number of shares, the number of shares will be rounded down to the nearest whole number. In the event of an amalgamation or merger of D-Wave Systems with or into any other company or companies (other than an amalgamation or merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary or a transaction in which there is no substantial change in shareholders of D-Wave Systems) or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of D-Wave Systems (and the right to do so is hereby expressly reserved), whether by way of statutory amalgamation, plan of arrangement, sale of assets and undertaking, or otherwise howsoever, then the successor corporation may assume, convert, replace or substitute any or all outstanding awards, which assumption, conversion, replacement or substitution will be binding on the holder of the award, with (i) equivalent awards or (ii) substantially similar consideration to the holder of the award as was provided to shareholders of D-Wave Systems (after taking into account the existing provisions, restrictions and terms of the award). In the event that the successor corporation refuses to assume, convert, replace or substitute an award, the award will fully vest and D-Wave Systems will notify the holder of the award in writing in advance of the amalgamation, merger or sale that the award will be fully exercisable for a period of fifteen (15) days from the date of such notice, and the award will terminate upon the expiration of such period. To the extent it has not been previously exercised, an award will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the dissolution or liquidation of D-Wave Systems. In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of D-Wave Systems, D-Wave Systems will notify each award holder as soon as practicable prior to the effective date of such proposed transaction. The D-Wave Systems Board, in its sole discretion, may provide for an award holder to have the right to exercise his or her award until fifteen (15) days prior to such transaction as to all of the shares covered by the award, including shares as to which the award would not otherwise be exercisable.

Amendment and Termination. The Board shall have the power to, at any time and from time to time, either prospectively or retrospectively, and without shareholder approval, amend, suspend or terminate the 2020 Plan or any award granted under the 2020 Plan; provided however that: (i) such amendment, suspension or termination is in accordance with applicable laws and the rules of any Securities Exchange on which the shares are listed; (ii) no such amendment, suspension or termination shall be made at any time to the

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extent such action would adversely affect the existing rights of an award holder with respect to any then outstanding award held by such award holder, as determined by the Board acting in good faith, without the award holder’s consent; and (iii) the Board shall obtain shareholder approval of the following: (x) such approval as may be required pursuant to D-Wave Systems’ organizational documents and applicable law, including securities laws and the rules and policies of a Securities Exchange upon which the shares of D-Wave are listed; and (y) any amendment that would reduce the exercise price or hurdle price of an outstanding award (other than as provided above). If the 2020 Plan is terminated, the provisions of the 2020 Plan and any administrative guidelines and other rules and regulations adopted by the Board and in force on the date of termination will continue in effect as long as any award or any rights pursuant thereto remain outstanding and, notwithstanding the termination of the 2020 Plan, the Board shall remain able to make such amendments to the 2020 Plan or the award as they would have been entitled to make if the 2020 Plan were still in effect. The 2020 Plan is scheduled to terminate on April 14, 2030. The termination of the 2020 Plan will have no effect on outstanding awards, which will continue in effect in accordance with their terms and conditions and the terms and conditions of the 2020 Plan and award agreements.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

During 2022, D-Wave granted equity to its non-employee directors as described below, such grants vesting on the date of the 2023 Annual Stockholders meeting of D-Wave Quantum Inc. Our director compensation policy provides that each of our non-employee directors receives an annual cash retainer of $35,000, with our Chairman of the Board, and the chairpersons of our Audit Committee and Compensation Committee each also receiving an additional annual cash retainer of $30,000, $20,000, and $15,000 respectively. In addition, each member of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating & Governance Committee, other than the chairperson of each such committee, receives an additional annual cash retainer of $8,000. We do not pay any meeting attendance fees. Each of our non-employee directors also receives an annual equity-based grant of restricted stock units (RSUs) valued at $140,000, which generally vests annually; however, the initial annual grants were prorated to reflect service from August 2022 through May 2023 (and will vest as of the date of our first annual meeting of stockholders in 2023). New non-employee directors also receive an initial grant of 7,500 RSUs, which will vest as of the date of our annual meeting of stockholders in 2023. Vesting is subject to continued service on the Board through the relevant vesting date. Commencing with compensation earned in respect of service following our first annual meeting of stockholders in 2023, our non-employee directors will be permitted to elect to receive RSUs in lieu of cash compensation.

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of D-Wave’s non-employee directors for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Name |  | Cash ($)(1) |  |  | Stock Awards ($)(2) |  |  | All Other Compensation ($) |  |  | Total ($) |
Amy Cappellanti-Wolf |  |  | 48,333 |  |  |  | 146,814 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 195,147 |
Emil Michael |  |  | 35,833 |  |  |  | 116,664 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 152,497 |
Michael Rogers |  |  | 42,500 |  |  |  | 146,814 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,314 |
Steven M. West |  |  | 60,833 |  |  |  | 116,664 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 177,497 |
Roger Biscay |  |  | 45,833 |  |  |  | 146,814 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 192,647 |
Eduard van Gelderen(3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

(1) | Cash retainers were prorated from August 2022 through May 2023.

(2) | Restricted Stock Units awarded and vest 100% at the first annual general shareholders meeting in 2023.

(3) | Mr. van Gelderen is not eligible to be compensated for his board position.

The table below shows for each non-employee director who was serving, and held outstanding equity awards, as of December 31, 2022, the aggregate number of equity awards held by each such non-employee director as of such date.

Name |  | Shares Underlying Options Outstanding at Fiscal Year End (#) |  |  | Stock Awards Outstanding at Fiscal Year End (#)(1) |
Amy Cappellanti-Wolf |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36,521 |
Emil Michael |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,021 |
Michael Rogers |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36,521 |
Steven M. West |  |  | 311,973 |  |  |  | 29,021 |
Roger Biscay |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36,521 |
Eduard van Gelderen(2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

(1) | Restricted Stock Units awarded and vest 100% at the first annual general shareholders meeting in 2023.

(2) | Mr. van Gelderen is not eligible to be compensated for his board position.

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The Board expects to review director compensation periodically to ensure that director compensation remains competitive such that D-Wave is able to recruit and retain qualified directors.

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MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, certain information regarding D-Wave Quantum’s executive officers and directors who are responsible for overseeing the management of our business.

Name |  | Age |  | Position
Executive Officers |  |  |  |
Alan Baratz |  | 68 |  | President & Chief Executive Officer and Director
John M. Markovich |  | 66 |  | Chief Financial Officer
Victoria Brydon |  | 49 |  | Senior Vice President, People and Operational Excellence
Non-Employee Directors |  |  |  |
Steven M. West |  | 67 |  | Chairman
Emil Michael |  | 50 |  | Director
Eduard van Gelderen |  | 57 |  | Director
Roger Biscay |  | 55 |  | Director
Amy Cappellanti-Wolf |  | 58 |  | Director
Michael Rogers |  | 59 |  | Director

Executive Officers

Alan Baratz. Dr. Baratz became the CEO of D-Wave Systems in January 2020 and D-Wave Quantum Inc. following the Transaction. Previously, as Executive Vice President of R&D and Chief Product Officer from August 2018 to December 2019, he drove the development, delivery, and support of all of D-Wave’s products, technologies, and applications. Dr. Baratz also acted as Senior Vice President of Software & Applications of D-Wave Systems from August 2017 to August 2018. He has over 25 years of experience in product development and bringing new products to market at leading technology companies and software startups. As the first president of JavaSoft at Sun Microsystems, Dr. Baratz oversaw the growth and adoption of the Java platform from its infancy to a robust platform supporting mission-critical applications in nearly 80 percent of Fortune 1000 companies. He has also held executive positions at Symphony, Avaya, Cisco, and IBM. He served as CEO and president of Versata, Zaplet, and NeoPath Networks, and as a managing director at Warburg Pincus LLC. Dr. Baratz holds a doctorate in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

John M. Markovich. Mr. Markovich is a strategic financial leader with nearly thirty years of executive financial management experience working with rapidly growing private and public technology companies across all stages of development. He has directed the finance, accounting, tax, treasury, M&A, legal, operations, customer service, IR, HR, and IT functions for companies ranging from privately held pre-revenue startups to a NYSE-listed Fortune 500 multi-national company with over $1.2 billion in annual revenue. During his career, he has negotiated and closed over 150 debt, equity, M&A, and joint venture transactions exceeding $2.5 billion in value; over a dozen private placements; nearly a dozen M&A transactions; and several international joint ventures. Mr. Markovich has served as D-Wave’s Chief Financial Officer since August 2021. From August 2020 to July 2021, Mr. Markovich had his own consulting firm where he advised early-stage technology companies on various financial and strategic matters. From June 2019 to July 2020, Mr. Markovich served as Chief Financial Officer of XANT, Inc., a privately held SaaS company with an AI-powered sales enablement platform. From August 2016 to May 2019, he served as Chief Financial Officer of OmniGuide Holdings, Inc. a private equity-backed multinational medical device manufacturer. Previously, Mr. Markovich held Chief Financial positions at three public companies including Optical Coating Laboratories, Inc., Tickets.com Inc., and Emcore Corp., and several private technology companies including Auto-By-Tel.com, Inc., Energy Innovations, Inc., Veritone, Inc. and XANT, Inc. Mr. Markovich holds a BS in Business from Miami University and an MBA from the Michigan State Graduate School of Business.

Victoria Brydon. Ms. Brydon is a seasoned business executive with 20 years of progressive and broad experience. Currently the Senior Vice President, People and Operational Excellence, she leads the development and execution of talent strategy for D-Wave, and works cross functionally to provide executive oversight to ensure business operational excellence. Previously, Ms. Brydon acted as Vice President, People & Operational Excellence from July 2021 to February 2022 and Vice President, Human Resources from September 2016 to July 2021. Prior experience includes Kasian Architecture, Sierra Systems, and PMC-Sierra. Victoria holds a Masters of Business Administration from Royal Roads University, and a Bachelor of Commerce from Queen’s University. Ms. Brydon is a Certified Executive Coach, and Chair of the Board of the BC SPCA where she also serves as President and Chair of the Executive and Human Resources Committee.

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Non-Employee Directors

Steven M. West. Mr. West is a 30-year veteran of the information technology and media marketplace. He is the founder and has been a managing partner of Emerging Company Partners LLC, a technology-consulting firm located in Incline Village, Nevada, since February 2004. Mr. West has held executive leadership positions in both large and early-stage information technology companies located in North America, Asia and Europe. His leadership positions have included CEO of Entera, an Internet content delivery firm (acquired by Blue Coat Systems, Inc.), President and CEO of Hitachi Data Systems in Santa Clara California and Group Executive of EDS in Plano Texas. As a partner in Emerging Company Partners LLC, Mr. West has completed consulting engagements with numerous companies specializing in early-stage firms. Mr. West’s public board experience includes Cisco Systems from 1996 to 2019. As a board director of Cisco, he was Audit Committee chair and a member of the Finance Committee. He also served as a board member of Autodesk from 2008 to 2018 and was member of the Audit Committee and chair of their Compensation Committee. He has also served on the boards of Delta-Q Technologies and Bycast Inc. Currently, Mr. West is a licensed Broadcast Engineer by the Federal Communications Commission. He also is an active member in the Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Eduard van Gelderen. Mr. van Gelderen joined PSP in July 2018 as Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer. Mr. van Gelderen oversees the organization’s total portfolio and establishes the long-term investment portfolio strategy and also heads Responsible Investment, including oversight of ESG and government & sponsor relations. Prior to joining PSP, Mr. van Gelderen was Senior Managing Director at the Office of the Chief Investment Officer of the University of California from July 2017 to July 2018 and the Chief Executive Officer of the Dutch financial services provider APG Asset Management from September 2014 to July 2017. Mr. van Gelderen has also served as Deputy CIO of ING Investment Management. He began his career as an investment banker in London and Amsterdam. Mr. van Gelderen is a certified Financial Risk Manager and a Chartered Financial Analyst and has served on several investment advisory boards.

Roger Biscay. Mr. Biscay holds over 20 years of diverse leadership experience driving strategy, organizational planning, financial management, and compliance across high-tech public and private companies and non-profit organizations. He has served as Senior Vice President and Treasurer of Cisco Systems since April 2017 where his responsibilities include corporate finance, investments, cash management, foreign exchange, risk transfer, safety, security and business resiliency. Mr. Biscay has also served on the board of directors of Wasabi Technologies since August 2021, including as a member of the audit committee and governance committee. Mr. Biscay has also held senior financial markets positions in the areas of fixed income, equity capital markets and foreign exchange with major global financial institutions including the Royal Bank of Canada, Banque Paribas and Lehman Brothers in New York, London, Paris and San Francisco. Mr. Biscay is a graduate of the University of San Francisco where he received both his MBA and BS in Finance.

Amy Cappellanti-Wolf. Ms. Cappellanti-Wolf is an accomplished senior human resources professional, business transformer and executive coach with expertise in working with startups to Fortune 500 enterprises. Her management roles span high-tech (Symantec, Silver Spring Networks, Cisco, Sun Microsystems), entertainment (The Walt Disney Company), and consumer goods (Frito-Lay). Since May 2022 she has served as Chief Human Resources Officer and Real Estate Leader of Cohesity. From January 2014 to February 2020, Ms. Cappellanti-Wolf was the Chief Human Resources Officer and Real Estate Leader for Symantec. She also serves on the board of directors of Softchoice, a North American provider of technology solutions and managed services where she also serves as the chair of the compensation committee and is a member of the nomination and governance committee, Betterworks, a continuous performance management platform company, and Pivotal, a non-profit that focuses on foster youth education and employment. Ms. Cappellanti-Wolf holds an M.S. in Industrial and Labor Relations and a B.S. in Journalism and Public Relations from West Virginia University.

Michael Rogers. Mr. Rogers is a leader and adviser on emerging technologies, geopolitics, and cybersecurity. He currently serves on the board of trustees of MITRE Corporation, which he joined in August 2016, and served as vice chairman from November 2018 until he was elected as its Chairman in November 2021. In April 2021, Mr. Rogers joined the Board of Directors of D-Wave Government Inc., a subsidiary providing D-Wave quantum computing systems, software, services and expertise to the U.S. government. Mr. Rogers also currently serves on the board of directors of IronNet Cybersecurity, Elite Detection K9, Contstella Intelligence, IAP Worldwide Services and IP3 Corporation. Mr. Rogers represented Michigan’s 8th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2015. He also sat on the Energy and Commerce Committee and chaired the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Mr. Rogers holds a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice and sociology from Adrian College.

Emil Michael. Mr. Michael is one of Silicon Valley’s most highly regarded business executives having built three successful companies including Tellme Networks (sold to Microsoft in 2007), Klout (sold to Lithium Technologies in 2014) and Uber. Mr. Michael has extensive experience identifying high-growth, tech-enabled businesses with his investments spanning a broad range of companies including Brex, GoPuff, Revolut, SpaceX, and Stripe. Mr. Michael has been the Chairman and CEO of M8 Enterprises LLC since January 2018. During his tenure as Chief Business Officer of Uber from July 2013 to June 2017, Mr. Michael led Uber’s efforts in China and Russia, which resulted in substantial market value creation. Mr. Michael played a pivotal role in raising nearly $15 billion dollars in capital from investors globally and led the merger of Uber’s China operations with key competitor in China, Didi Chiuxing.

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Additionally, he led the efforts to strike partnerships globally with companies such as American Express, AT&T, Daimler, Softbank, Tata Motors, and Toyota. Mr. Michael also led the Ottomotto acquisition that became the core of Uber’s Advanced Technology Group, responsible for autonomous vehicle development. He is also responsible for creating UberMilitary, a program at Uber for military veterans and their families. Prior to Uber, Mr. Michael served as Chief Operating Officer of Klout, where he played a pivotal role in growing the social media analytics company. Klout ultimately sold to Lithium Technologies for $200 million in 2014. Before joining Klout, Mr. Michael served as a White House Fellow working for the Secretary of Defense as a Special Assistant. During his tenure at the Pentagon, he ran projects in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan as well as a department-wide budget cutting effort aimed at reducing overhead and bureaucracy. Mr. Michael was also part of the founding team of Tellme Networks, a pioneer in speech recognition technology and systems, that is highly regarded for weathering the technology bust of 2000 and for building a sustainable and profitable business. Mr. Michael helped Tellme Networks raise over $250 million in venture capital from investors such as Benchmark Capital and Kleiner Perkins. He also led Tellme Networks through its $800 million sale to Microsoft in 2007. Additionally, Mr. Michael has been a leadership coach and mentor to dozens of young CEOs over the years, giving him extensive exposure to early stage companies, technologies, and trends. He also serves as an advisor or investor in over 20 start-ups around the world, furthering his commitment to helping the next generation of entrepreneurs build and scale. He started his career at Goldman Sachs, where he was an Associate in the Investment Banking Division for a short period. Mr. Michael received his B.A. from Harvard University and his J.D. from Stanford Law School.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of D-Wave Quantum’s directors or executive officers.

Board Composition

D-Wave Quantum’s business and affairs are organized under the direction of its board of directors. The board of directors of D-Wave Quantum meets on a regular basis and additionally as required.

In accordance with the terms of the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws, D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors may establish the authorized number of directors from time to time by resolution. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors consists of seven members, and such directors have been divided among the three classes as follows:

| • |  | the Class I directors are Alan Baratz and Eduard van Gelderen and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2023;

| • |  | the Class II directors are Emil Michael and Amy Cappellanti-Wolf and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2024; and

| • |  | the Class III directors are Steven M. West, Michael Rogers and Roger Biscay and their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2025.

As nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors.

The division of D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of its management or a change in control.

The D-Wave Quantum board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director. Based on information provided by each director concerning their background, employment and affiliations, the D-Wave Quantum board of directors has determined that none of the directors, other than Alan Baratz, has any relationships that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of the directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the NYSE listing standards. In making these determinations, the D-Wave Quantum board of directors has considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with D-Wave Quantum and all other facts and circumstances the D-Wave Quantum board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of securities of D-Wave Quantum by each non-employee director and the transactions described in the section titled “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.”

Role of the Board of Directors in Risk Oversight/Risk Committee

One of the key functions of D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors is informed oversight of D-Wave Quantum’s risk management process. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors does not have, and does not anticipate having, a standing risk management committee, but rather administers this oversight function directly through D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of the board of directors that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, the board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure and D-Wave Quantum’s audit committee has the

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responsibility to consider and discuss D-Wave Quantum’s major financial risk exposures and the steps its management will take to monitor and control such exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. The audit committee also monitors compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. D-Wave Quantum’s compensation committee also assesses and monitors whether D-Wave Quantum’s compensation plans, policies and programs comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Upon the consummation of the Transaction, D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors reconstituted its audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee. The board of directors adopted a new charter for each of these committees, which comply with the applicable requirements of current SEC and NYSE rules. D-Wave Quantum intends to comply with future requirements to the extent applicable. Copies of the charters for each committee are available on the investor relations portion of D-Wave Quantum’s website, at www.ir.dwavesys.com. The reference to D-Wave Quantum website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained at or available through D-Wave Quantum’s website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus.

Audit Committee

The audit committee consists of Roger Biscay, Michael Rogers and Steven M. West, each of whom D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors has determined satisfies the independence requirements under NYSE listing standards and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act. The chair of the audit committee is Roger Biscay. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors has determined that Roger Biscay is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of SEC regulations. Each member of the audit committee can read and understand fundamental financial statements in accordance with applicable requirements. In arriving at these determinations, D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors has examined each audit committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their employment.

The primary purpose of the audit committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the board of directors with respect to the corporate accounting and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control and financial statement audits, and to oversee the independent registered public accounting firm. Specific responsibilities of the audit committee include:

| • |  | helping the board of directors oversee corporate accounting and financial reporting processes;

| • |  | managing the selection, engagement, qualifications, independence and performance of a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the financial statements;

| • |  | discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviewing, with management and the independent accountants, the interim and year-end operating results;

| • |  | developing procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or audit matters;

| • |  | reviewing related person transactions;

| • |  | obtaining and reviewing a report by the independent registered public accounting firm at least annually that describes internal quality control procedures, any material issues with such procedures and any steps taken to deal with such issues when required by applicable law; and

| • |  | approving or, as permitted, pre-approving, audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm.

Compensation Committee

The compensation committee consists of Amy Cappellanti-Wolf, Michael Rogers and Eduard van Gelderen. The chair of the compensation committee is Amy Cappellanti-Wolf. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors has determined that each member of the compensation committee is independent under the NYSE listing standards and a “non-employee director” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

The primary purpose of the compensation committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the board of directors in overseeing the compensation policies, plans and programs and to review and determine the compensation to be paid to executive officers, directors and other senior management, as appropriate. Specific responsibilities of the compensation committee include:

| • |  | reviewing and approving the compensation of the chief executive officer, other executive officers and senior management;

| • |  | administering the equity incentive plans and other benefit programs;

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| • |  | reviewing, adopting, amending and terminating incentive compensation and equity plans, severance agreements, profit sharing plans, bonus plans, change-of-control protections and any other compensatory arrangements for the executive officers and other senior management; and

| • |  | reviewing and establishing general policies relating to compensation and benefits of the employees, including the overall compensation philosophy.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Steven M. West, Amy Cappellanti-Wolf and Emil Michael. The chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee is Steven M. West. D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors has determined that each member of the nominating and corporate governance committee is independent under the NYSE listing standards.

Specific responsibilities of the nominating and corporate governance committee include:

| • |  | identifying and evaluating candidates, including the nomination of incumbent directors for reelection and nominees recommended by stockholders, to serve on the board of directors;

| • |  | considering and making recommendations to the board of directors regarding the composition and chairmanship of the committees of the board of directors;

| • |  | developing and making recommendations to the board of directors regarding corporate governance guidelines and matters, including in relation to corporate social responsibility; and

| • |  | overseeing periodic evaluations of the performance of the board of directors, including its individual directors and committees.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of D-Wave Quantum’s compensation committee has ever been an executive officer or employee of D-Wave Quantum. None of D-Wave Quantum’s executive officers currently serve, or has served during the last completed fiscal year, on the compensation committee or board of directors of any other entity that has one or more executive officers that serves as a member of D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors or compensation committee.

Code of Ethics

The board of directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or the Code of Conduct, applicable to all of D-Wave Quantum’s employees, executive officers and directors. The Code of Conduct is available at the investors section of D-Wave Quantum’s website at www. ir.dwavesys.com. Any amendments to the Code of Conduct, or any waivers of its requirements, are expected to be disclosed on its website to the extent required by applicable rules and exchange requirements. The reference to D-Wave Quantum website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained at or available through D-Wave Quantum’s website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The D-Wave Quantum Charter limits a directors’ liability to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL. The DGCL provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability:

| • |  | for any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit;

| • |  | for any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

| • |  | for any unlawful payment of dividends or redemption of shares; or

| • |  | for any breach of a director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders.

If the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of the directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended.

Delaware law and the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws provide that D-Wave Quantum will, in certain situations, indemnify its directors and officers and may indemnify other employees and other agents, to the fullest extent permitted by law. Any indemnified person is also entitled, subject to certain limitations, to advancement, direct payment, or reimbursement of reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements) in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding.

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In addition, D-Wave Quantum has entered into separate indemnification agreements with its directors and officers. These agreements, among other things, require D-Wave Quantum to indemnify its directors and officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of its directors or officers or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at its request. The above description of certain material provisions of the indemnification agreements, is not comprehensive and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the form of indemnification agreement, which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

D-Wave Quantum maintains a directors’ and officers’ insurance policy pursuant to which its directors and officers are insured against liability for actions taken in their capacities as directors and officers. We believe these provisions in the D-Wave Quantum Charter and the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws and these indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, or control persons, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

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DESCRIPTION OF D-WAVE QUANTUM SECURITIES

The following description summarizes the terms of D-Wave Quantum’s capital stock. This description summarizes the provisions included in the D-Wave Quantum Charter and the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that may be important to you. For a complete description of the matters set forth in this section titled “Description of D-Wave Quantum Securities,” you should refer to the D-Wave Quantum Charter and the D-Wave Bylaws, which are included as exhibits to this prospectus, and to the applicable provisions of Delaware law.

Authorized and Outstanding Shares

The D-Wave Quantum Charter authorizes the issuance of 695,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of:

| • |  | 675,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and

| • |  | 20,000,000 preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

As of December 31, 2022, there were 64,926,681 Common Shares issued and outstanding, excluding outstanding Exchangeable Shares.

Common Stock

Voting Power

Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, the holders of Common Shares possess all voting power for the election of our directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action. Holders of Common Shares are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders.

Dividends

Holders of Common Shares will be entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors at its discretion out of funds properly applicable to the payment of dividends, subject to the rights, if any, of shareholders holding shares with special rights to dividends. The timing, declaration, amount and payment of future dividends will depend on D-Wave Quantum’s financial condition, earnings, capital requirements and debt service obligations, as well as legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other factors that D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors deems relevant.

Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up

In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up, the holders of Common Shares will be entitled to receive an equal amount per share of all of our assets of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders, after the rights of the holders of the preferred stock, if any, have been satisfied.

Preemptive or Other Rights

There are no preemptive rights relating to the Common Shares.

Fully Paid and Non-Assessable

The outstanding Common Shares are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

Election of Directors

There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voted for the election of directors will be in a position to elect all of the directors.

Anti-Takeover Provisions of Delaware Law

Special Meetings of Stockholders

The D-Wave Quantum Charter and the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called only by a majority vote of D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors, by the Chairman of the board of directors, or by the chief executive officer.

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Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations

The D-Wave Quantum Bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at an annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice of their intent in writing. To be considered timely, a stockholder’s notice will need to be received by the company secretary at the principal executive offices not earlier than 120 days prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such meeting or the tenth day following the day on which D-Wave Quantum first makes a public announcement of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors to be elected at such meeting. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, proposals seeking inclusion in D-Wave Quantum’s annual proxy statement must comply with the notice periods contained therein. The D-Wave Quantum Bylaws specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholders’ meeting. These provisions may preclude stockholders from bringing matters before an annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at an annual meeting of stockholders.

Authorized but Unissued Shares

D-Wave Quantum’s authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuances without stockholder approval and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved shares of common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of D-Wave Quantum by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Choice of Forum

The D-Wave Quantum Charter provides that, unless D-Wave Quantum consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state court located within the State of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) and any appellate court therefrom shall be the sole and exclusive forum for the following claims or causes of action under Delaware statutory or common law: (a) any derivative claim or cause of action brought on behalf of D-Wave Quantum; (b) any claim or cause of action for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder of D-Wave Quantum to D-Wave Quantum or D-Wave Quantum’s stockholders; (c) any claim or cause of action against D-Wave Quantum or any current or former director, officer or other employee of D-Wave Quantum Bylaws, arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the D-Wave Quantum Charter or the D-Wave Quantum (as each may be amended from time to time); (d) any claim or cause of action seeking to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the D-Wave Quantum Charter or the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time, including any right, obligation or remedy thereunder); (e) any claim or cause of action as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (f) any claim or cause of action against D-Wave Quantum or any current or former director, officer or other employee of D-Wave Quantum, governed by the internal-affairs doctrine or otherwise related to D-Wave Quantum’s internal affairs, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. However, such choice of forum provisions shall not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or other federal securities laws for which there is exclusive federal or concurrent federal and state jurisdiction.

Unless D-Wave Quantum consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.

While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions. In such instance, D-Wave Quantum would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of the D-Wave Quantum Charter. This may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions and there can be no assurance that the provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions.

These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with D-Wave Quantum or its directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against D-Wave Quantum or its directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find either exclusive-forum provision in the D-Wave Quantum Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, D-Wave Quantum may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, all of which could seriously harm D-Wave Quantum’s business.

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Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

D-Wave Quantum is subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

| • |  | before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

| • |  | upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

| • |  | on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL defines a “business combination” to include the following:

| • |  | any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

| • |  | any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

| • |  | subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

| • |  | any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; and

| • |  | the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 of the DGCL defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire D-Wave Quantum even though such a transaction may offer its stockholders the opportunity to sell their stock at a price above the prevailing market price.

A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of these provisions with an express provision in its certificate of incorporation. D-Wave Quantum will not opt out of these provisions, which may as a result, discourage or prevent mergers or other takeover or change of control attempts of it.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification

The D-Wave Quantum Charter contains provisions that limit the liability of D-Wave Quantum’s current and former directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

| • |  | any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;

| • |  | any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

| • |  | unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions; and

| • |  | any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Such limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.

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D-Wave Quantum has also entered into agreements with its officers and directors to provide contractual indemnification. D-Wave Quantum will purchase a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures its directors and officers against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures D-Wave Quantum against its obligations to indemnify the directors and officers.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against D-Wave Quantum’s directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit D-Wave Quantum or its stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent D-Wave Quantum pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. D-Wave Quantum believes that these provisions, the insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced directors and officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to D-Wave Quantum’s directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, D-Wave Quantum has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

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DESCRIPTION OF EXCHANGEABLE SHARES AND RELATED AGREEMENTS

Description of Exchangeable Shares

The Exchangeable Shares were issued by ExchangeCo and carry, as nearly as reasonably practicable, equivalent economic entitlements to those of the Common Shares, for which they are exchangeable. There are possible disadvantages or risks of holding Exchangeable Shares.

As of December 31, 2022, there were 48,408,854 Exchangeable Shares issued and outstanding and held by approximately 60 holders of record.

Ranking

The Exchangeable Shares are entitled to a preference over the common shares of ExchangeCo and any other shares ranking junior to the Exchangeable Shares with respect to (i) the payment of dividends or other distributions, and (ii) the distribution of assets in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, in each case, as and to the extent provided therefor in the terms attaching to the Exchangeable Shares.

Dividends and Other Distributions

A holder of an Exchangeable Share shall be entitled to receive and the board of directors of ExchangeCo shall, subject to applicable law, on each date (a “D-Wave Quantum Dividend Declaration Date”) on which the D-Wave Quantum Board declares any dividend or other distribution on the Common Shares, declare a dividend or other distribution on each Exchangeable Share:

| (a) | in case of a cash dividend or other distribution declared on the Common Shares, in an amount in cash, payable in United States dollars, for each Exchangeable Share equal to the cash dividend or other distribution declared on each Common Share multiplied by the relevant Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio on the D-Wave Quantum Dividend Declaration Date;

| (b) | in the case of a stock or share dividend or other distribution declared on the Common Shares to be paid in Common Shares, by the issue or transfer by ExchangeCo of such number of Exchangeable Shares for each Exchangeable Share as is equal to the number of Common Shares to be paid on each Common Share multiplied by the relevant Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio on the D-Wave Quantum Dividend Declaration Date; or

| (c) | in the case of a dividend or other distribution declared on the Common Shares in property other than cash or Common Shares, in such type and amount of property for each Exchangeable Share as is the same as or economically equivalent (as determined by the board of directors of ExchangeCo) and adjusted for the relevant Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio to the type and amount of property declared as a dividend or other distribution on each Common Share.

Such dividends or other distributions shall be paid out of money, assets or property of ExchangeCo properly applicable to the payment of dividends or other distributions, or out of authorized but unissued shares of ExchangeCo; provided that ExchangeCo may, in lieu of paying such dividend or other distributions, elect to adjust the ratio at which Exchangeable Shares may be exchanged for Common Shares, which ratio (the “Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio”) shall be equal to 1.00000 at the Effective Time and shall be cumulatively adjusted from time to time thereafter in the event ExchangeCo, in its sole discretion, determines that ExchangeCo would be liable for any unrecoverable tax as a result of paying any such dividend or distribution. The holders of Exchangeable Shares shall not be entitled to any dividends or other distributions other than or in excess of the foregoing.

The record date for the determination of the holders of Exchangeable Shares entitled to receive payment of, and the payment date for, any dividend or other distribution declared on the Exchangeable Shares will be the same dates as the record date and payment date, respectively, for the corresponding dividend or other distribution declared on the Common Shares.

If on any payment date for any dividends or other distributions declared on the Exchangeable Shares, the dividends or other distributions are not paid in full on all of the Exchangeable Shares then outstanding, any such dividends or other distributions that remain unpaid will be paid on a subsequent date or dates determined by the board of directors of ExchangeCo on which ExchangeCo shall have sufficient monies, assets or property properly applicable to the payment of such dividends or other distributions.

The board of directors of ExchangeCo is required to determine, in good faith and in its sole discretion (with the assistance of such financial or other advisors as the board of directors of ExchangeCo may determine), “economic equivalence” for the purposes of the Exchangeable Shares and each such determination will be conclusive and binding on ExchangeCo and its shareholders. In making each such determination, a number of factors set out in the Exchangeable Share Provisions shall, without excluding other factors determined by the board of directors of ExchangeCo to be relevant, be considered by the board of directors of ExchangeCo.

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Certain Restrictions

So long as any of the Exchangeable Shares are outstanding, ExchangeCo shall not at any time without, but may at any time with, the approval of the holders of the Exchangeable Shares:

| (a) | pay any dividends or other distributions to any shares ranking junior to the Exchangeable Shares with respect to the payment of dividends or other distributions (other than to common shares of ExchangeCo), provided that ExchangeCo may pay stock or share dividends payable in common shares of ExchangeCo or any such other shares ranking junior to the Exchangeable Shares, as the case may be;

| (b) | redeem or purchase or make any capital distribution in respect of common shares of ExchangeCo or any other shares ranking equally or junior to the Exchangeable Shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of assets in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs; or

| (c) | issue any Exchangeable Shares or any other shares of ExchangeCo ranking equally with, or superior to, the Exchangeable Shares, other than, in each case, by way of stock or share dividend to the holders of such Exchangeable Shares.

The restrictions listed in (a), (b), and (c) above shall not apply if all dividends or other distributions on the outstanding Exchangeable Shares corresponding to dividends or other distributions declared and paid on the Common Shares shall have been declared and paid in full on the Exchangeable Shares and the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio shall have been adjusted in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions, prior to or as at the date of any such event referred to in (a), (b), and (c) above.

Distribution on Liquidation and Associated Call Right

Subject to applicable law and the due exercise by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo of the Liquidation Call Right (as defined below) (which shall itself be subject to the sale and purchase contemplated by the automatic exchange of Exchangeable Shares for D-Wave Quantum Shares provided for in the agreement made among D-Wave Quantum, ExchangeCo, CallCo and the Trustee (as defined below) in connection with the Plan of Arrangement (the “Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement”) (the “Automatic Exchange Right”)), in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, that does not trigger a redemption by ExchangeCo (as described below), a holder of Exchangeable Shares shall be entitled to receive from the assets of ExchangeCo in respect of each Exchangeable Share held by such holder on the effective date of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs (the “Liquidation Date”), before any distribution of any part of the assets of ExchangeCo among the holders of the common shares of ExchangeCo or any other shares ranking junior to the Exchangeable Share with respect to dividends or other distributions, an amount per share (the “Liquidation Amount”) equal to (i) the fair market value at such time, of that number of Common Shares multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio (subject to adjustment) plus (ii) the declared and unpaid dividends on such Exchangeable Share (the “Exchangeable Share Price”) on the last business day prior to the Liquidation Date, which price shall be satisfied in full by ExchangeCo delivering or causing to be delivered to such holder the Exchangeable Share Consideration (as defined below) representing the Liquidation Amount.

D-Wave Quantum and CallCo will each have the overriding right (the “Liquidation Call Right”), in the event of and notwithstanding the proposed liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs and subject to the sale and purchase contemplated by the Automatic Exchange Right, to purchase from all but not less than all of the holders of Exchangeable Shares (other than D-Wave Quantum or an affiliate of D-Wave Quantum) on the Liquidation Date all but not less than all of the Exchangeable Shares held by each such holder on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, to each such holder of an amount per share (the “Liquidation Call Purchase Price”) equal to the Exchangeable Share Price (payable in the form of (a) one Common Share multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio on the business day immediately preceding the date on which the Exchangeable Share Price being delivered is calculated; plus (b) a cheque or cheques payable at par at any branch of the bankers of the payor in the amount of all declared, payable and unpaid, and all undeclared but payable, cash dividends deliverable in connection with such action; plus (c) such stock or other property constituting any declared, payable and unpaid non-cash dividends deliverable in connection with such action; provided that: (i) the part of the consideration which represents (c) above shall be fully paid and satisfied by delivery of such non-cash items; (ii) in each case, any such consideration shall be delivered free and clear of any lien, claim, encumbrance, security interest or adverse claim or interest; and (iii) in each case, any such consideration shall be paid without interest and less any tax required to be deducted and withheld therefrom (the “Exchangeable Share Consideration”)) on the last business day prior to the Liquidation Date. The Liquidation Call Purchase Price shall be satisfied in full by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo depositing or causing to be deposited with the registrar and transfer agent for the Exchangeable Shares as appointed by ExchangeCo from time to time (the “Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent”), on or before the Liquidation Date, the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing the aggregate Liquidation Call Purchase Price. In the event of the exercise of the Liquidation Call Right by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, each such holder (other than D-Wave Quantum or an affiliate of D-Wave Quantum) shall be obligated to sell all of the Exchangeable Shares held by the holder to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, on the Liquidation Date on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, to the holder of the Liquidation Call Purchase Price for each such share, and ExchangeCo shall have no obligation to pay any Liquidation Amount to the holders of such shares so purchased.

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CallCo shall only be entitled to exercise the Liquidation Call Right with respect to those Exchangeable Shares, if any, in respect of which D-Wave Quantum has not exercised the Liquidation Call Right. To exercise the Liquidation Call Right, D-Wave Quantum or CallCo must notify the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, as agent for the holders of Exchangeable Shares, and ExchangeCo of its intention to exercise such right (i) in the case of a voluntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo or any other voluntary distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, at least 15 business days before the Liquidation Date, or (ii) in the case of an involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo or any other involuntary distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, at least five business days before the Liquidation Date. The Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent will notify the holders of Exchangeable Shares as to whether or not D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo has exercised the Liquidation Call Right forthwith after the expiry of the period during which the same may be exercised by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo. If D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo exercises the Liquidation Call Right, then on the Liquidation Date, D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo, as the case may be, will purchase and the holders of the Exchangeable Shares (other than D-Wave Quantum or an affiliate of D-Wave Quantum) will sell, all of the Exchangeable Shares held by such holders on such date for a price per share equal to the Liquidation Call Purchase Price (payable in the form of the Exchangeable Share Consideration).

Retraction of Exchangeable Shares and Associated Call Right

Subject to applicable law and the due exercise by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo of the Retraction Call Right (as defined below), a holder of Exchangeable Shares shall be entitled at any time to require ExchangeCo to redeem, or D-Wave Quantum to purchase (at the holder’s discretion) any or all Exchangeable Shares registered in the name of such holder and for an amount per share equal to the Exchangeable Share Price on the last business day prior to the Retraction Date (as defined below) (the “Retraction Price”), which price shall be satisfied in full by ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum delivering or causing to be delivered to such holder the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing the Retraction Price. A holder of Exchangeable Shares must give notice of a request to redeem or purchase, as applicable, by presenting and surrendering to ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, at the registered office of ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, or at any office of the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent as may be specified by ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, by notice to the holders of the Exchangeable Shares, the certificate(s) representing the Exchangeable Shares (if any) that the holder desires to have ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum redeem or purchase, as applicable, together with (i) such other documents and instruments as may be required to effect a transfer of the Exchangeable Shares under the BCBCA and the articles of ExchangeCo, as applicable, together with such additional documents, instruments and payments as the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent and ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, may reasonably require and (ii) a duly executed request (“Retraction Request”) in the form of Appendix I to the Exchangeable Share Provisions or in such other form as may be acceptable to ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable: (A) specifying that the holder desires to have all or any number specified therein of the Exchangeable Shares represented by such certificate(s) (if any) or by any non-transferable acknowledgement (the “Retracted Shares”) redeemed by ExchangeCo or purchased by D-Wave Quantum, as applicable; (B) stating the business day on which the holder desires to have ExchangeCo redeem or D-Wave Quantum purchase, as applicable, the Retracted Shares (the “Retraction Date”), provided that the Retraction Date shall not be less than 10 business days nor more than 15 business days after the date on which the Retraction Request is received by ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, and further provided that, in the event that no such business day is specified by the holder in the Retraction Request, the Retraction Date shall be deemed to be the 15th business day after the date on which the Retraction Request is received by ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable; and (C) acknowledging the overriding Retraction Call Right (as defined below) of D-Wave Quantum and CallCo to purchase all but not less than all the Retracted Shares directly from the holder and that the Retraction Request shall be deemed to be a revocable offer by the holder to sell the Retracted Shares to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo in accordance with the Retraction Call Right (as defined below) on the Retraction Date for the Retraction Call Right Purchase Price (as defined below) and on the other terms and conditions set out in the Exchangeable Share Provisions.

In the event that a holder of Exchangeable Shares delivers a Retraction Request, D-Wave Quantum and CallCo shall have the overriding right (the “Retraction Call Right”), notwithstanding the proposed redemption of the Exchangeable Shares by ExchangeCo or purchase of the Exchangeable Shares by D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, to purchase from such holder on the Retraction Date all but not less than all of the Retracted Shares held by such holder on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, of an amount per share equal to the Exchangeable Share Price applicable on the last business day prior to the Retraction Date (the “Retraction Call Right Purchase Price”), which price shall be satisfied in full by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, delivering or causing to be delivered to such holder the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing the Retraction Call Right Purchase Price. Upon the exercise of the Retraction Call Right by D-Wave Quantum (provided that the applicable Retraction Request has not been revoked in the manner described below), the holder of such Retracted Shares shall be obligated to sell all of such Retracted Shares to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, on the Retraction Date on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, of the aggregate Retraction Call Right Purchase Price in respect of such shares.

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Upon receipt by ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, of a Retraction Request, ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, shall immediately notify D-Wave Quantum and CallCo thereof and shall provide D-Wave Quantum or CallCo with a copy of the Retraction Request. CallCo shall only be entitled to exercise the Retraction Call Right with respect to those Exchangeable Shares, if any, in respect of which D-Wave Quantum has not exercised the Retraction Call Right or in respect of which D-Wave Quantum has received the relevant Retraction Request and in respect of which D-Wave Quantum has not exercised its Retraction Call Right. To exercise its Retraction Call Right, D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, must notify ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, and the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, as agent for the holders of the Exchangeable Shares, in writing of its determination to do so within five business days after ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, notifies D-Wave Quantum and CallCo of the Retraction Request. If neither D-Wave Quantum nor CallCo so notifies ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, within such five business day period, ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, shall notify the holder as soon as possible thereafter that neither D-Wave Quantum nor CallCo will exercise the Retraction Call Right. Provided that the aggregate Retraction Call Right Purchase Price has been so deposited with the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, the closing of the purchase and sale of the Retracted Shares pursuant to the Retraction Call Right shall be deemed to have occurred as at the close of business on the Retraction Date and, for greater certainty, no redemption by ExchangeCo or purchase by D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, of such Retracted Shares shall take place on the Retraction Date.

A holder of Exchangeable Shares who has made a Retraction Request may, by notice in writing given by the holder to ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, before the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding the Retraction Date, withdraw such Retraction Request, in which event such Retraction Request will be null and void and the revocable offer constituted by the Retraction Request to sell such Exchangeable Shares to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo pursuant to the exercise of the Retraction Call Right will be deemed to have been revoked.

If neither D-Wave Quantum nor CallCo notifies the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent and ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum, as applicable, of its intention to exercise the Retraction Call Right in the manner and timing described above, each holder of Exchangeable Shares will, at the holder’s discretion, be entitled to demand (by way of notice given to ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum) that D-Wave Quantum exercise (provided that D-Wave Quantum may, in its sole discretion, cause CallCo to exercise in its stead) the Retraction Call Right in respect of the shares covered by the notice.

Redemption of Exchangeable Shares and Associated Call Right

Subject to applicable law and the due exercise by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo of the Redemption Call Right (as defined below), ExchangeCo shall on the Redemption Date (as defined below) redeem all but not less than all of the then outstanding Exchangeable Shares (other than Exchangeable Shares held by D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) for an amount per share (the “Redemption Price”) equal to the Exchangeable Share Price on the last business day prior to the Redemption Date, which price shall be satisfied in full by ExchangeCo delivering or causing to be delivered to each holder of Exchangeable Shares the Exchangeable Share Consideration for each Exchangeable Share held by such holder.

The “Redemption Date” is the date, if any, established by the board of directors of ExchangeCo for the redemption by ExchangeCo of all but not less than all of the outstanding Exchangeable Shares, which date shall be the later of (A) the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the Arrangement (the “Effective Date”) and (B) the date that the redemption of the Exchangeable Shares would not result in any holder of Exchangeable Shares being in violation of Canadian pension regulations that restrict it from owning more than 30% of the securities that vote for the election of directors of D-Wave Quantum (including, for greater certainty, the rule precluding Public Sector Pension Investment Board from investing in, directly or indirectly, securities to which are attached more than thirty percent (30%) of the right to vote for the election of directors of a corporation (or members of any similar governing body of a company or entity) (the “30% Rule”)) (the “Sunset Date”) unless, prior to that time:

| (a) | the aggregate number of Exchangeable Shares issued and outstanding (other than Exchangeable Shares held by D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) is less than 5% of the number of Exchangeable Shares issued on the Effective Date (as such number of shares may be adjusted as deemed appropriate by the board of directors of ExchangeCo in certain circumstances set forth in the Exchangeable Share Provisions) and provided that the exercise of such redemption right does not result in any shareholder being in violation of Canadian pension regulations that restrict it from owning more than 30% of the securities that vote for the election of directors of D-Wave Quantum (including, for greater certainty, the 30% Rule), in which case the board of directors of ExchangeCo may accelerate such Redemption Date to such date as it may determine, upon at least 30 days’ prior written notice to the holders of the Exchangeable Shares and the Trustee;

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| (b) | (i) any person acquires, directly or indirectly, any voting security of D-Wave Quantum, immediately after such acquisition, directly or indirectly owns, or exercises control and direction over, voting securities representing more than 50% of the total voting power of all of the then outstanding voting securities of D-Wave Quantum; (ii) the shareholders of D-Wave Quantum approve a merger, consolidation, recapitalization or reorganization of D-Wave Quantum, other than any such transaction which would result in the holders of outstanding voting securities of D-Wave Quantum immediately prior to such transaction directly or indirectly owning, or exercising control and direction over, voting securities representing more than 50% of the total voting power of all of the voting securities of the surviving entity outstanding immediately after such transaction; (iii) the shareholders of D-Wave Quantum approve a liquidation of D-Wave Quantum; (iv) D-Wave Quantum sells or disposes of all or substantially all of its assets; (v) D-Wave Quantum distributes securities or other property, by way of dividend, distribution, reorganization, spin-off, split-off or other similar event, to all holders of Common Shares that constitutes, prior to the date of distribution, business securities or assets (including equity interests of affiliates or investees of D-Wave Quantum) with a fair market value (as determined by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum in its good faith judgment) equal to 10% or more of the fair market value of, or that constitutes 10% or more of the revenue or assets of, D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates, taken as a whole; or (vi) any other transaction or series of related transactions having a substantially similar effect as those described above (each a “D-Wave Quantum Extraordinary Transaction”) is proposed, in which case, provided that the board of directors of ExchangeCo determines in good faith, that it is not practicable to substantially replicate the terms and conditions of the Exchangeable Shares in connection with such D-Wave Quantum Extraordinary Transaction or that the redemption of all but not less than all of the outstanding Exchangeable Shares (other than Exchangeable Shares held by D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) is necessary to enable the completion of such D-Wave Quantum Extraordinary Transaction in accordance with its terms, the board of directors of ExchangeCo may accelerate such Redemption Date to such date as it may determine, upon such number of days’ prior written notice to the holders of the Exchangeable Shares and the Trustee as the board of directors of ExchangeCo may determine to be reasonably practicable in such circumstances, unless so accelerating such redemption date and exercising such redemption right on such accelerated redemption date would result in any holder of Exchangeable Shares being in violation of Canadian pension regulations that restrict it from owning more than 30% of the securities that vote for the election of directors of D-Wave Quantum (including, for greater certainty, the 30% Rule);

D-Wave Quantum and CallCo shall each have the overriding right (the “Redemption Call Right”), notwithstanding the proposed redemption of the Exchangeable Shares by ExchangeCo, to purchase from all but not less than all of the holders of Exchangeable Shares (other than D-Wave Quantum or an affiliate of D-Wave Quantum) on the Redemption Date all but not less than all of the Exchangeable Shares held by each such holder on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, of an amount per share (the “Redemption Call Purchase Price”) equal to the Exchangeable Share Price on the last business day prior to the Redemption Date.

The Redemption Call Purchase Price shall be satisfied in full by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo depositing or causing to be deposited with the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, on or before the Redemption Date, the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing the aggregate Redemption Call Purchase Price. In the event of the exercise of the Redemption Call Right by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, each holder of Exchangeable Shares (other than D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) shall be obligated to sell all of the Exchangeable Shares held by the holder to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, on the Redemption Date on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, to the holder of the Redemption Call Purchase Price for each such share, and ExchangeCo shall have no obligation to redeem, or pay the Redemption Price, in respect of the shares so purchased.

CallCo shall only be entitled to exercise the Redemption Call Right with respect to those Exchangeable Shares, if any, in respect of which D-Wave Quantum has not exercised the Redemption Call Right, other than in the case where the Redemption Date is the Sunset Date (such redemption, the “Sunset Redemption”) with respect to which CallCo shall always be entitled to exercise the Redemption Call Right. To exercise the Redemption Call Right, D-Wave Quantum or CallCo must notify the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, as agent for the holders of Exchangeable Shares, and ExchangeCo of its intention to exercise such right (i) in the case of a redemption occurring as a result of a D-Wave Quantum Extraordinary Transaction, on or before the Redemption Date, and (ii) in any other case, at least 15 business days before the Redemption Date. The Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent will notify the holders of Exchangeable Shares as to whether or not D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo has exercised the Redemption Call Right forthwith after the expiry of the period during which the same may be exercised by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo. If D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo exercises the Redemption Call Right, then on the Redemption Date, D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo, as the case may be, will purchase and the holders of the Exchangeable Shares (other than any holder of Exchangeable Shares which is D-Wave Quantum or any of its affiliates) will sell all of the Exchangeable Shares held by such holders on such date for a price per share equal to the Redemption Call Purchase Price (payable in the form of the Exchangeable Share Consideration).

If neither D-Wave Quantum nor CallCo notifies the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent and ExchangeCo of its intention to exercise the Redemption Call Right in the manner and timing described above, each holder of Exchangeable Shares will, at the holder’s discretion, be entitled to demand (by way of notice given to ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum) that D-Wave Quantum exercise (provided that D-Wave Quantum may, in its sole discretion, cause CallCo to exercise in its stead) the Redemption Call Right in respect of the shares covered by the notice.

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Change of Law Call Right

D-Wave Quantum and CallCo shall each have the overriding right (the “Change of Law Call Right”), in the event of any amendment to the Tax Act and other applicable provincial income tax laws that permits Canadian resident holders of the Exchangeable Shares, who hold the Exchangeable Shares as capital property and deal at arm’s length with D-Wave Quantum and ExchangeCo (all for the purposes of the Tax Act and other applicable provincial income tax laws), to exchange their Exchangeable Shares for Common Shares on a basis that will not require such holders to recognize any income, gain or loss or any actual or deemed dividend in respect of such exchange for the purposes of the Tax Act or applicable provincial income tax laws, or any change to the Public Sector Pension Investment Board Act, S.C. 1999, c.34, as amended from time to time (including the regulations adopted thereunder) that impacts the 30% Rule (a “Change of Law”), to purchase from all but not less than all of the holders of Exchangeable Shares (other than any holder of Exchangeable Shares which is D-Wave Quantum or any of its affiliates) on the Change of Law Call Date (as defined below) all but not less than all of the Exchangeable Shares held by each such holder on payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, to each such holder an amount per share (the “Change of Law Call Purchase Price”) equal to the Exchangeable Share Price applicable on the last business day prior to the date on which D-Wave Quantum or ExchangeCo acquires the Exchangeable Shares pursuant to the exercise of the Change of Law Call Right (the “Change of Law Call Date”), which shall be satisfied in full by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo depositing or causing to be deposited with the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, on or before the Change of Law Call Date, the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing the total Change of Law Call Purchase Price. In the event of the exercise of the Change of Law Call Right by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, each such holder of Exchangeable Shares (other than D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) shall be obligated to sell all of the Exchangeable Shares held by the holder to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, on the Change of Law Call Date upon payment by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, to such holder of the Change of Law Call Purchase Price (payable in the form of Exchangeable Share Consideration) for each such share.

CallCo shall only be entitled to exercise the Change of Law Call Right with respect to those Exchangeable Shares, if any, in respect of which D-Wave Quantum has not exercised the Change of Law Call Right. To exercise the Change of Law Call Right, D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, must notify the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent, as agent for the holders of Exchangeable Shares, and ExchangeCo of its intention to exercise such right at least 15 business days before the Change of Law Call Date. The Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent will notify the holders of Exchangeable Shares as to D-Wave Quantum or CallCo exercising the Change of Law Call Right forthwith after receiving notice of such exercise from D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo. If D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo exercises the Change of Law Call Right, then on the Change of Law Call Date, D-Wave Quantum and/or CallCo, as the case may be, will purchase and the holders of the Exchangeable Shares (other than any holder of Exchangeable Shares which is D-Wave Quantum or any of its affiliates) will sell, all of the Exchangeable Shares then outstanding for a price per share equal to the Change of Law Call Purchase Price (payable in the form of Exchangeable Share Consideration).

If neither D-Wave Quantum nor CallCo notifies the Exchangeable Shares Transfer Agent and ExchangeCo of its intention to exercise the Change of Law Call Right in the manner and timing described above, each holder of Exchangeable Shares will, at the holder’s discretion, be entitled to demand (by way of notice given to ExchangeCo or D-Wave Quantum) that D-Wave Quantum exercise (provided that D-Wave Quantum may, in its sole discretion, cause CallCo to exercise in its stead) the Change of Law Call Right in respect of the shares covered by the notice.

Notwithstanding anything else in the articles of ExchangeCo, if a Change of Law takes place and, following that Change of Law, if exercised, the rights set out above would result in Public Sector Pension Investment Board being in breach of the 30% Rule in the reasonable opinion of its counsel, then ExchangeCo, the holders of Exchangeable Shares, D-Wave Quantum and CallCo shall all work in good faith to take all reasonable steps to ensure that PSP remains in compliance with the 30% Rule, as it exists at such time.

Voting Rights

Except as required by applicable law and in respect of certain matters as further described in the Exchangeable Share Provisions, the holders of the Exchangeable Shares shall not be entitled as such to receive notice of or to attend any meeting of the shareholders of ExchangeCo or to vote at any such meeting. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the holders of the Exchangeable Shares shall not be entitled to class votes except as required by applicable law. Each holder of Exchangeable Shares shall have the right to instruct the Trustee to cast and exercise, in the manner instructed, the number of votes to which a holder of one Common Share is entitled with respect to any matter, proposition or question for each Exchangeable Share multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio owned of record by such holder. See “—Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement.”

Amendment and Approval

Any approval required to be given by the holders of the Exchangeable Shares to add to, change or remove any right, privilege, restriction or condition attaching to the Exchangeable Shares or any other matter requiring the approval or consent of the holders of the Exchangeable Shares in accordance with applicable law shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given if it has been given in accordance with applicable law, subject to, in respect of any approval required by Sections 1.4, 1.5(d), 1.11 or 1.12 of the Exchangeable Share Provisions, a minimum requirement that such approval be evidenced by a resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast on such resolution at a meeting of holders of Exchangeable Shares duly called and held at which the holders of at least 10% of the outstanding Exchangeable Shares at that time are present in person or represented by proxy.

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Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement

The following is a summary description of certain material provisions of the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement, is not comprehensive and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

The purpose of the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement is to create a trust for the benefit of the registered holders from time to time of Exchangeable Shares, other than D-Wave Quantum, CallCo and their affiliates (the “Beneficiaries”). The Trustee will hold the special voting share in the capital of D-Wave Quantum which entitles the holder to that number of votes at meetings of holders of Common Shares equal to the number of Exchangeable Shares outstanding at such time (excluding Exchangeable Shares held by D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio (the “Special Voting Share”) in order to enable the Trustee to exercise the voting rights attached thereto and will hold the Exchange Right (as defined below) and the Automatic Exchange Right in order to enable the Trustee to exercise or enforce such rights, in each case as trustee for and on behalf of the Beneficiaries.

Voting Rights

Pursuant to the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement, D-Wave Quantum has issued to and deposited with the Trustee the Special Voting Share to be held of record by the Trustee as trustee for and on behalf of, and for the use and benefit of, the Beneficiaries and in accordance with the provisions of the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement.

Under the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement, the Trustee shall be entitled to exercise all of the voting rights, including the right to vote in person or by proxy, attaching to the Special Voting Share on any matters, question, proposal or proposition that may properly come before the D-Wave Quantum Shareholders at a meeting of D-Wave Quantum Shareholders.

With respect to all meetings of shareholders of D-Wave Quantum at which D-Wave Quantum Shareholders are entitled to vote, each Beneficiary shall be entitled to instruct the Trustee to cast and exercise, in the manner instructed, the number of votes to which a holder of one Common Share is entitled with respect to such matter, proposition or question for each Exchangeable Share owned of record by such Beneficiary at the close of business on the record date established by D-Wave Quantum or by applicable law, multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio, and in respect of each Beneficiary, rounded down to the nearest whole vote.

The aggregate voting rights attached to the Special Voting Share at a meeting of shareholders of D-Wave Quantum at which shareholders of D-Wave Quantum are entitled to vote shall consist of a number of votes equal to one vote per outstanding Exchangeable Share from time to time not owned by D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates on the record date established by D-Wave Quantum, multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio and for which the Trustee shall have received voting instructions from the holder of the Exchangeable Share.

The Trustee will exercise each vote attached to the Special Voting Share only as directed by the relevant holder and, in the absence of instructions from a holder as to voting, the Trustee will not exercise voting rights with respect to such Exchangeable Share. A holder may, upon instructing the Trustee, obtain a proxy from the Trustee entitling the holder to vote directly at the relevant meeting the votes attached to the Special Voting Share to which the holder is entitled.

The Trustee will send to the Beneficiaries the notice of each meeting at which the D-Wave Quantum Shareholders are entitled to vote, together with the related meeting materials and a statement as to the manner in which the holder may instruct the Trustee to exercise the votes attaching to the Special Voting Share, at the same time as D-Wave Quantum sends such notice and materials to the D-Wave Quantum Shareholders. The Trustee will also send to the holders of Exchangeable Shares copies of all information statements, interim and annual financial statements, reports and other materials sent by D-Wave Quantum to the D-Wave Quantum Shareholders at the same time as such materials are sent to the D-Wave Quantum Shareholders. To the extent such materials are provided to the Trustee by D-Wave Quantum, the Trustee will also send to the holders all materials sent by third parties to D-Wave Quantum Shareholders generally, including dissident proxy circulars and tender and exchange offer circulars, as soon as possible after such materials are first sent to D-Wave Quantum Shareholders.

All rights of a holder of Exchangeable Shares to exercise votes attached to the Special Voting Share will cease upon the exchange of such holder’s Exchangeable Shares for Common Shares.

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ExchangeCo Insolvency Event—Exchange Right

Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of (i) the institution by ExchangeCo of any proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent or to be dissolved or wound up, or the consent of ExchangeCo to the institution of bankruptcy, insolvency, dissolution or winding-up proceedings against it, (ii) the filing by ExchangeCo of a petition, answer or consent seeking dissolution or winding-up under any bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous laws, including the Companies Creditors’ Arrangement Act (Canada) and the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada), or the failure by ExchangeCo to contest in good faith any such proceedings commenced in respect of ExchangeCo within 30 days of becoming aware thereof, or the consent by ExchangeCo to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of a receiver, (iii) the making by ExchangeCo of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission in writing by ExchangeCo of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or (iv) ExchangeCo not being permitted, pursuant to solvency requirements of applicable law, to redeem any Exchangeable Shares pursuant to the terms of the Exchangeable Share Provisions specified in a Retraction Request delivered to ExchangeCo in accordance with the terms of the Exchangeable Share Provisions (each an “ExchangeCo Insolvency Event”), the Trustee shall have the right (the “Exchange Right”) to require CallCo or D-Wave Quantum (provided that D-Wave Quantum may, in its sole discretion, cause CallCo to purchase in its stead to the extent permitted by applicable law) to purchase from each Beneficiary all or any part of the Exchangeable Shares from each or any Beneficiary, provided that the Trustee may exercise such right only on the basis of instructions received from each such holder. The purchase price payable by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, for each Exchangeable Share purchased pursuant to the exercise of the Exchange Right will be the Exchangeable Share Price on the last business day prior to the closing of the purchase and sale of such Exchangeable Share, which price will be satisfied in full by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, delivering the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing such Exchangeable Share Price to the Trustee.

As soon as practicable following the occurrence of an ExchangeCo Insolvency Event or any event that with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be an ExchangeCo Insolvency Event, D-Wave Quantum and ExchangeCo will give written notice thereof to the Trustee. As soon as practicable after receiving such notice, or upon the Trustee otherwise becoming aware of an ExchangeCo Insolvency Event, the Trustee will give notice to each holder of Exchangeable Shares of such event and will advise the holder of its rights with respect to the Exchange Right.

D-Wave Quantum Liquidation Event—Automatic Exchange Right

Immediately prior to the effective date of (a) any determination by the D-Wave Quantum Board to institute voluntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up proceedings with respect to D-Wave Quantum or to effect any other distribution of assets of D-Wave Quantum among shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs; or (b) the commencement of any instituted claim, suit, petition or other proceedings with respect to the involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of D-Wave Quantum or to effect any other distribution of assets of D-Wave Quantum among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, in each case where D-Wave Quantum has failed to contest in good faith any such proceeding commenced in respect of D-Wave Quantum within 30 days of becoming aware thereof (a “D-Wave Quantum Liquidation Event”), each of the then outstanding Exchangeable Shares (other than Exchangeable Shares held by D-Wave Quantum, CallCo and their affiliates) shall be automatically exchanged for one Common Share multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio. To effect such automatic exchange, D-Wave Quantum (or, if D-Wave Quantum so decides, in its sole discretion and to the extent permitted by applicable law, CallCo) shall purchase all of the Exchangeable Shares outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the D-Wave Quantum Liquidation Event. The purchase price payable by D-Wave Quantum for each Exchangeable Share purchased pursuant to such exchange will be the Exchangeable Share Price immediately prior to the effective date of the D-Wave Quantum Liquidation Event, which price will be satisfied in full by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as applicable, delivering the Exchangeable Share Consideration representing such Exchangeable Share Price to the holder thereof.

Exchangeable Share Support Agreement

The following is a summary description of certain material provisions of the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement, is not comprehensive and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement, which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Pursuant to the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement, D-Wave Quantum has agreed that, so long as any Exchangeable Shares not owned by D-Wave Quantum or its affiliates are outstanding, D-Wave Quantum shall, among other things:

| (a) | not take any action that will result in the declaration or payment of any dividend or make any other distribution on the Common Shares unless (i) ExchangeCo shall simultaneously, declare or pay, as the case may be, an equivalent dividend or other distribution economically equivalent thereto (as determined in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions) on the Exchangeable Shares (an “Equivalent Dividend”), (ii) if the dividend is a cash dividend or other distribution, receive sufficient money or other assets from D-Wave Quantum (through any intermediary entities) to enable the due declaration and the due and punctual payment, in accordance with applicable law and the Exchangeable Share Provisions, of any such Equivalent Dividend, and (iii) if the dividend or other distribution is a stock or share dividend or

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| distribution of stock or shares, have sufficient but unissued securities available to enable the due declaration and the due and punctual payment, in accordance with applicable law and the Exchangeable Share Provisions, of any such Equivalent Dividend; or, if the board of directors of ExchangeCo so chooses, in its sole discretion, as an alternative to taking any of the actions described above, ExchangeCo shall adjust the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions, provided however that the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio shall only be so adjusted to the extent that the board of directors of ExchangeCo determines in good faith and in its sole discretion that ExchangeCo would be liable for any unrecoverable tax as a result of taking any of the actions described in this paragraph and determines to adjust the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio in lieu of taking any such action;

| (b) | advise ExchangeCo sufficiently in advance of the declaration of any dividend or other distribution on the Common Shares and take all such other actions as are reasonably necessary or desirable, in cooperation with ExchangeCo, to ensure that the respective declaration date, record date and payment date for equivalent dividends on the Exchangeable Shares are the same as those for any corresponding dividends or other distributions on the Common Shares;

| (c) | ensure that the record date for any dividend or other distribution declared on the Common Shares is not less than 10 business days after the declaration date of such dividend or declaration;

| (d) | take all such actions and do all things as are reasonably necessary or desirable to enable and permit ExchangeCo, in accordance with applicable law, to pay the Liquidation Amount, the Retraction Price or the Redemption Price to the holders of the Exchangeable Shares in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of ExchangeCo, whether voluntary or involuntary, the delivery of a Retraction Request by a holder of Exchangeable Shares or a redemption of Exchangeable Shares by ExchangeCo;

| (e) | take all such actions and do all such things as are reasonably necessary or desirable to enable and permit the Trustee, in accordance with applicable law, to perform its obligations under the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement, including, without limitation, all such actions and all such things as are reasonably necessary or desirable to enable and permit the Trustee in its capacity as trustee under the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement to exercise such number of votes in respect of a meeting of D-Wave Quantum Shareholders as is equal to the aggregate number of Exchangeable Shares outstanding on an as-converted to D-Wave Quantum Shares basis at the relevant time (other than those held by D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) multiplied by the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio;

| (f) | take all such actions and do all things as are reasonably necessary or desirable to enable and permit D-Wave Quantum or CallCo, as the case may be, in accordance with applicable law, to perform its obligations arising upon the exercise by it of the Liquidation Call Right, the Retraction Call Right, the Change of Law Call Right or the Redemption Call Right;

| (g) | take all such actions and do all such things as are reasonably necessary or desirable to enable and permit D-Wave Quantum, in accordance with applicable law, to perform its obligations in connection with a Retraction Request and redemption by ExchangeCo pursuant to the Exchangeable Share Provisions; and

| (h) | not exercise its vote as a shareholder of ExchangeCo to initiate the voluntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of ExchangeCo or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo for the purpose of winding up its affairs, nor take any action or omit to take any action that is designed to result in the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of ExchangeCo or any other distribution of the assets of ExchangeCo among its shareholders for purpose of winding up its affairs, without the prior approval of the holders of the Exchangeable Shares in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions as long as any Exchangeable Shares are outstanding.

In order to protect the economic equivalence of the Exchangeable Shares, the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement provides that, so long as any Exchangeable Shares not owned by D-Wave Quantum or its affiliates are outstanding:

| (a) | D-Wave Quantum will not without the prior approval of ExchangeCo and the prior approval of the holders of the Exchangeable Shares given in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions:

| (i) | issue or distribute Common Shares (or securities exchangeable for or convertible into or carrying rights to acquire Common Shares) to the holders of all or substantially all of the then outstanding Common Shares by way of stock dividend or other distribution, other than an issue of Common Shares (or securities exchangeable for or convertible into or carrying rights to acquire Common Shares) to holders of Common Shares (A) who exercise an option to receive dividends in Common Shares (or securities exchangeable for or convertible into or carrying rights to acquire Common Shares) in lieu of receiving cash dividends, or (B) pursuant to any dividend reinvestment plan or scrip dividend or similar arrangement; or issue or distribute rights, options or warrants to the holders of all or substantially all of the then outstanding Common Shares entitling them to subscribe for or to purchase Common Shares (or securities exchangeable for or convertible into or carrying rights to acquire Common Shares); or

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| (ii) | issue or distribute to the holders of all or substantially all of the then outstanding Common Shares (A) shares or securities of D-Wave Quantum of any class (other than Common Shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for or carrying rights to acquire Common Shares), (B) rights, options, warrants or other assets other than those referred to in clause (a)(ii) above, (C) evidence of indebtedness of D-Wave Quantum or (D) assets of D-Wave Quantum, unless, in each case, the economic equivalent on a per share basis of such rights, options, warrants, securities, shares, evidences of indebtedness or other assets is issued or distributed by ExchangeCo simultaneously to holders of the Exchangeable Shares including, without limitation, an adjustment to the Exchangeable Share Exchange Ratio in accordance with the terms of the Exchangeable Share Provisions.

| (b) | D-Wave Quantum shall not without the prior approval of ExchangeCo and the prior approval of the holders of the Exchangeable Shares given in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions:

| (i) | subdivide, redivide or change the then outstanding Common Shares into a greater number of Common Shares; or

| (ii) | reduce, combine, consolidate or change the then outstanding Common Shares into a lesser number of Common Shares; or

| (iii) | reclassify or otherwise change Common Shares or effect an amalgamation, merger, reorganization or other transaction affecting Common Shares; unless, in each case, the same or an economically equivalent change is simultaneously made to, or in the rights of the holders of, the Exchangeable Shares.

| (c) | D-Wave Quantum shall ensure that the record date for any event referred to in (a) and (b) above, or (if no record date is applicable for such event) the effective date for any such event, is not less than five business days after the date on which such event is declared or announced by D-Wave Quantum (with contemporaneous notification thereof by D-Wave Quantum to ExchangeCo).

The board of directors of ExchangeCo will determine, in good faith and in its sole discretion (with the assistance of such financial or other advisors as the board of directors of ExchangeCo may determine), “economic equivalence” for the purposes of any event referred to in paragraphs (a) or (b) above and each such determination will be conclusive and binding on D-Wave Quantum. ExchangeCo agrees that, to the extent required, upon due notice from D-Wave Quantum, ExchangeCo shall use its best efforts to take or cause to be taken such steps as may be necessary for the purposes of ensuring that appropriate dividends are paid or other distributions are made by ExchangeCo, or subdivisions, redivisions or changes are made to the Exchangeable Shares, in order to implement the required economic equivalence with respect to the Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares as provided for above.

The Exchangeable Share Support Agreement provides that in the event that a tender offer, share exchange offer, issuer bid, takeover bid or similar transaction with respect to Common Shares is proposed to D-Wave Quantum or its shareholders and is recommended by the D-Wave Quantum Board, or is otherwise effected or to be effected with the consent or approval of the D-Wave Quantum Board, and the Exchangeable Shares are not redeemed by ExchangeCo or purchased by D-Wave Quantum or CallCo pursuant to the Redemption Call Right, D-Wave Quantum and ExchangeCo will use reasonable efforts to take all such actions and do all such things as are necessary or desirable to enable and permit holders of Exchangeable Shares (other than D-Wave Quantum and its affiliates) to participate in such offer to the same extent and on an economically equivalent basis as the holders of Common Shares, without discrimination.

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, D-Wave Quantum and ExchangeCo will use reasonable efforts in good faith to ensure that all holders of Exchangeable Shares may participate in such offer without being required to retract Exchangeable Shares as against ExchangeCo (or, if so required, to ensure that any such retraction, shall be effective only upon, and shall be conditional upon, the closing of such offer and only to the extent necessary to tender or deposit to the offer).

The Exchangeable Share Support Agreement also provides that, as long as any outstanding Exchangeable Shares are owned by any person or entity other than D-Wave Quantum or any of its affiliates, D-Wave Quantum will, unless approval to do otherwise is obtained from the holders of the Exchangeable Shares in accordance with the Exchangeable Share Provisions, remain the direct or indirect beneficial owner of all issued and outstanding common shares of ExchangeCo and CallCo.

With the exception of changes for the purpose of (i) adding to the covenants of any or all of the parties, (ii) evidencing the succession of successors to D-Wave Quantum and the covenants and obligations assumed by such successors; (iii) making such amendments or modifications not inconsistent with the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement as may be necessary or desirable with respect to matters or questions arising thereunder or (iv) curing or correcting any ambiguities or defect or inconsistent provision or clerical omission or mistake or manifest errors (provided, in the case of (i), (iii) and (iv), that the board of directors of each of D-Wave Quantum, ExchangeCo and CallCo are of the good faith opinion that such amendments are not prejudicial to the rights or interests of the holders of the Exchangeable Shares), the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement may not be amended except by agreement in writing executed by D-Wave Quantum, CallCo and ExchangeCo and approved by the holders of the Exchangeable Shares.

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Under the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement, each of D-Wave Quantum and CallCo will not, and will cause its affiliates not to, exercise any voting rights which may be exercisable by holders of Exchangeable Shares from time to time with respect to any Exchangeable Shares owned by D-Wave Quantum or its affiliates on any matter considered at meetings of holders of Exchangeable Shares (including any approval sought from such holders in respect of matters arising under the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement).

Registration of Common Shares issued upon exchange of the Exchangeable Shares

The Common Shares to be issued upon exchange of the Exchangeable Shares are subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the Exchangeable Share Support Agreement, D-Wave Quantum has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to file one or more registration statements, in order to register under the Securities Act the Common Shares issued upon exchange of the Exchangeable Shares from time to time after the Effective Time. The Resale Registration Statement registered 7,352,389 of 48,409,641 Common Shares issuable upon the exchange of Exchangeable Shares.

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

D-Wave Quantum is authorized to issue 675,000,000 Common Shares and 20,000,000 D-Wave Quantum Preferred Shares. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 113 million Common Shares are issued and outstanding (including approximately 48 million Exchangeable Shares). In addition, D-Wave Quantum has approximately 18 million Warrants outstanding, each exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 for a number of Common Shares equal to the Exchange Ratio. All of the Common Shares and Warrants that were issued in connection with the Transaction are either currently freely transferable without further registration under the Securities Act (other than by the deemed parties to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement described below with respect to the securities restricted thereunder) or have been registered for resale under the Securities Act. Sales of substantial amounts of Common Shares in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of Common Shares. See “Risk Factors.” The Common Shares and Warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbols “QBTS” and “QBTS.WT”, respectively. D-Wave Quantum cannot assure you that a regular trading market will be maintained in the Common Shares and Warrants.

Lock-Up Provisions

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement. At the Closing, the Registration Rights Holders, pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, became parties to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, D-Wave Quantum is obligated to file a registration statement to register the resale of certain equity securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders. The Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement also provides the Registration Rights Holders with demand registration rights and “piggy-back” registration rights, in each case, subject to certain requirements and customary conditions. Subject to certain exceptions, the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement further provides for the securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders to be locked-up for a period of time as set forth below.

D-Wave Lock-up Period. The D-Wave Lock-Up Period, which applied to the former shareholders of D-Wave Systems who received Common Shares or Exchangeable Shares pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, refers to the period ended on February 5, 2023.

Founder Lock-up Period. The Founder Lock-Up Period applies to the former holders of shares of DPCM Class B Common Stock who received Common Shares pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and refers to (i) with respect to the Founder Shares, the period ending on the earlier of (A) August 5, 2023, the date that is one (1) year following the Closing and (B) the date on which (x) the last reported sale price of the Common Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any twenty (20) trading days within any thirty (30) consecutive trading day period commencing after the one hundred and fiftieth (150th) day following the Closing, or (y) the completion by D-Wave Quantum of a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of D-Wave Quantum’s public shareholders having the right to exchange their Common Shares for cash, securities or other property, and (ii) with respect to the Private Warrants, thirty (30) days after the Closing.

Rule 144. Generally, pursuant to Rule 144, a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares or warrants for at least six months would be entitled to sell their securities provided that (i) such person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale and (ii) we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale and have filed all required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the 12 months (or such shorter period as we were required to file reports) preceding the sale. However, see “—Restrictions on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies” below.

Persons who have beneficially owned restricted shares or warrants for at least six months but who are our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of securities that does not exceed the greater of:

| • |  | 1% of the total number of Common Shares then outstanding; or

| • |  | the average weekly reported trading volume of the Common Shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.

Sales by our affiliates under Rule 144 are also limited by manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.

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Restrictions on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies

Rule 144 is not available for the resale of securities initially issued by shell companies (other than business combination related shell companies) or issuers that have been at any time previously a shell company (including successors to a shell company, such as D-Wave Quantum). However, Rule 144 also includes an important exception to this prohibition if the following conditions are met:

| • |  | the issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company;

| • |  | the issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act;

| • |  | the issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports and materials), other than Form 8-K reports; and

| • |  | at least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed current Form 10 type information with the SEC, which was filed by D-Wave Quantum on August 10, 2022, reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.

Following the consummation of the Transaction, D-Wave Quantum is not a shell company (having been the successor to a shell company), and so, once the conditions set forth in the exceptions listed above are satisfied, Rule 144 will become available for the resale of the above noted restricted securities.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

DPCM Founder Shares

As of immediately prior to the Transaction, there were 7,500,000 Founder Shares issued and outstanding, 7,252,500 of which were held by Sponsor and the remaining 247,500 Founder Shares were held by other Initial Stockholders. Immediately prior to Closing, Sponsor forfeited 4,484,425 of its 7,252,500 Founder Shares, as a result of which, upon Closing and as a result of the Transaction, the remaining 3,015,575 Founder Shares were converted into 3,015,575 Common Shares on a one for one basis. The Initial Stockholders have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of the Common Shares received in exchange for their Founder Shares until August 5, 2023, the date that is one year after the completion of the Transaction, See “Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement” below.

Private Warrants

On November 30, 2020, simultaneously with the closing of the DPCM IPO, DPCM completed the private sale of an aggregate of 8,000,000 warrants, or the Private Warrants, to the Sponsor at a purchase price of $1.00 per Private Warrant, generating gross proceeds to DPCM of $8,000,000.

Following the Transaction, each former Private Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares. Such Warrants are non-redeemable for cash and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement

At the Closing, the Registration Rights Holders, pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, became parties to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, D-Wave Quantum is obligated to file a registration statement to register the resale of certain equity securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders. The Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement also provides the Registration Rights Holders with demand registration rights and “piggy-back” registration rights, in each case, subject to certain requirements and customary conditions. Subject to certain exceptions, the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement further provides for the securities of D-Wave Quantum held by the Registration Rights Holders to be locked-up for a period of time. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-Up Provisions.”

Below is a description of transactions since January 1, 2021 to which D-Wave Quantum was a party, in which:

| • |  | the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000; and

| • |  | any of D-Wave Quantum’s current directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of D-Wave Quantum’s capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of, or person sharing the household with, the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

PIPE Financing

Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the PIPE Investors entered into the PIPE Subscription Agreements, pursuant to which, among other things, each PIPE Investor subscribed to and agreed to purchase on the Closing Date, and D-Wave Quantum agreed to issue and sell to each such PIPE Investor on the Closing Date, the number of Common Shares equal to the purchase price set forth therein, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. The Common Shares issued under the PIPE Financing were registered on the Resale Registration Statement, which was declared effective by the SEC on October 26, 2022. The table below sets forth the number of Common Shares purchased by D-Wave Quantum’s related parties in the PIPE Financing:

Stockholder |  | Common Shares |  |  | Total Purchase Price |
PSP (1) |  |  | 4,362,397 |  |  | $ | 30,000,000 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC(2) |  |  | 727,066 |  |  | $ | 5,000,000 |
Emil Michael(3) |  |  | 36,353 |  |  | $ | 250,000 |

(1) | PSP beneficially owns more than 5% of D-Wave Quantum’s capital stock.

(2) | Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC beneficially owns more than 5% of D-Wave Quantum’s capital stock.

(3) | Emil Michael is a member of the D-Wave Quantum board of directors.

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See “Beneficial Ownership of Securities.”

Indemnification Agreements

The D-Wave Quantum Charter contains provisions limiting the liability of executive officers and directors and the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws provide that D-Wave Quantum will indemnify each of its executive officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law. The D-Wave Quantum Charter and the D-Wave Quantum Bylaws also provide the board of directors with discretion to indemnify certain key employees when determined appropriate by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum.

DPCM entered into indemnification agreements with each of its officers and directors to indemnify such individuals, to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to certain limitations, against all liabilities, costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals in an action or proceeding to which any such individual was made a party by reason of being an officer or director of DPCM or an organization of which DPCM is a shareholder or creditor if such individual serves such organization at DPCM’s request. Such indemnification obligation will survive the Transaction. Additionally, prior to the completion of the Transaction, D-Wave Quantum entered into similar indemnification agreements with each of its directors and certain officers.

Related Person Transactions Policy

D-Wave Quantum’s board of directors maintains a written related person transactions policy that sets forth D-Wave Quantum’s policies and procedures regarding the identification, review, consideration and oversight of “related person transactions.” For purposes of D-Wave Quantum’s policy only, a “related person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which D-Wave Quantum or any of its subsidiaries was, is or will be a participant involving an amount that exceeds $120,000, in which any “related person” has or will have a direct or director interest.

Under the policy, prior to entering into any related person transaction, (i) the related person, (ii) the director, executive officer, nominee or beneficial owner who is an immediate family member of the related person or (iii) the business unit or function/department head responsible for the potential related person transaction shall provide notice to the Legal Department of the facts and circumstances of the proposed related person transaction. The Legal Department will assess whether the proposed transaction is a related person transaction for purposes of the policy. If the Legal Department determines that the proposed transaction is a related person transaction for purposes of the policy, the proposed related person transaction shall be submitted to D-Wave Quantum’s audit committee for consideration at the next audit committee meeting. Any potential related person transaction involving D-Wave Quantum’s General Counsel (or, in the absence a General Counsel, the senior most member of the Legal Department) shall be submitted directly to the D-Wave Quantum audit committee for its review. In considering related person transactions, D-Wave Quantum’s audit committee or where submitted to the Chair of the audit committee, the Chair, will take into account the relevant available facts and circumstances, which may include, but are not limited to:

| • |  | the benefits to D-Wave Quantum;

| • |  | the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director, immediate family member of a director or an entity in which a director is a partner, shareholder or executive officer;

| • |  | the availability of other sources for comparable products or services ;

| • |  | the terms of the transaction; and

| • |  | the terms available to unrelated third parties or to employees generally.

D-Wave Quantum’s audit committee (or the Chair of D-Wave Quantum’s audit committee) will approve only those transactions that are in, or are not inconsistent with, the best interests of D-Wave Quantum, as D-Wave Quantum’s audit committee (or the Chair of the D-Wave Quantum audit committee) determines in good faith. All of the transactions described above were entered into prior to the adoption of such policy.

PSP Side Letter Agreement

On September 26, 2022, D-Wave Quantum and PSP entered into the PSP Side Letter Agreement pursuant to which PSP agreed that for so long as PSP beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares representing 50% or more of the rights to vote at a meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust (i) PSP will not exercise the voting rights attached to any of such shares that would result in PSP voting, whether directly or indirectly, including through any voting trust, more than 49.99% of the voting interests eligible to vote at any meeting of the stockholders of D-Wave Quantum and (ii) PSP will vote such shares in favor of the election of the directors that are nominated by the board of directors of D-Wave Quantum or a duly authorized committee thereof.

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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

The following table sets forth information known to the Company regarding the beneficial ownership of our Common Shares as of December 31, 2022, before and after giving effect to this offering and the application of the proceeds from our issuance and sale of Common Shares as described under “Use of Proceeds”, by:

| • |  | each person who is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares;

| • |  | each of D-Wave Quantum’s named executive officers and directors; and

| • |  | all executive officers and directors of D-Wave Quantum.

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2022.

The beneficial ownership of D-Wave Quantum is based on 113,335,535 Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares) issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022. In computing the number of Common Shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of such person, all Common Shares issuable pursuant to (i) Warrants, (ii) D-Wave Options and (iii) D-Wave Warrants, in each case that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2022, are included. However, such shares are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Other than Warrants, D-Wave Options and D-Wave Warrants exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2022 by a particular holder, which are reflected as described above, the beneficial ownership information below assumes no exercises of such securities.

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Common Shares beneficially owned by them. To our knowledge, no Common Shares beneficially owned by any executive officer or director have been pledged as security.

The beneficial ownership information below excludes Common Shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan or the ESPP, any Common Shares that may be sold under the Purchase Agreement subsequent to December 31, 2022, assumes that all Exchangeable Shares have been exchanged for Common Shares and assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional Common Shares.

|  | Common Shares owned prior to this offering |  |  | Common Shares owned after this offering |
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | % |  |  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | % |
Directors and Executive Officers of D-Wave Quantum (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alan Baratz(2) |  |  | 2,920,208 |  |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |  | 2,920,208 |  |  |  | % |
John M. Markovich(2) |  |  | 563,054 |  |  |  | * |  |  |  | 563,054 |  |  |  | * |
Steven M. West(3) |  |  | 361,632 |  |  |  | * |  |  |  | 361,632 |  |  |  | * |
Emil Michael(4) |  |  | 14,437,489 |  |  |  | 11.6 | % |  |  | 14,437,489 |  |  |  | % |
Eduard van Gelderen |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Roger Biscay |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Amy Cappellanti-Wolf |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Michael Rogers |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
All Directors and Executive Officers of D-Wave Quantum as a Group (9 individuals)(5) |  |  | 18,544,761 |  |  |  | 14.4 | % |  |  | 18,544,761 |  |  |  | % |
Five Percent Holders of D-Wave Quantum After Consummation of the Transaction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public Sector Pension Investment Board(6) |  |  | 59,431,311 |  |  |  | 52.4 | % |  |  | 59,431,311 |  |  |  | % |
CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC(7) |  |  | 14,401,136 |  |  |  | 11.5 | % |  |  | 14,401,136 |  |  |  | % |
BDC Capital Inc.(8) |  |  | 9,424,713 |  |  |  | 8.3 | % |  |  | 9,424,713 |  |  |  | % |
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC(9) |  |  | 7,939,146 |  |  |  | 7.0 | % |  |  | 7,939,146 |  |  |  | % |

* | less than one percent.

(1) | Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is D-Wave Quantum Inc., 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5G 4M9 Canada.

(2) | Consists of Common Shares underlying D-Wave Options.

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(3) | Includes Common Shares held by Emerging Company Partners LLC, an entity controlled by Steven M. West and Common Shares underlying D-Wave Options.

(4) | Includes Common Shares of which each of CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC, or the Sponsor, and the Emil Michael Living Trust dated 7/28/2017 (the “Trust”) is the record holder and 11,633,061 Common Shares underlying Warrants issued to the Sponsor in the Transaction in exchange for Private Warrants, which Warrants are exercisable as of September 4, 2022. Mr. Michael is the manager of the Sponsor and the trustee of the Trust, and as such has voting and dispositive power over the securities held by the Sponsor and the Trust and may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of such securities. Mr. Michael disclaims beneficial ownership of such securities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(5) | Includes Common Shares underlying D-Wave Options, Warrants and Exchangeable Shares.

(6) | Consists of Common Shares and Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares held of record by PSP. PSP is a Canadian Crown corporation with a share capital created by a special act of Legislature in Canada on September 14, 1999. All the shares of PSP are held by the President of Treasury Board on behalf of her Majesty in Right of Canada, in accordance with the PSP Act. Deborah K. Orida, the CEO of PSP, has authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by PSP. The business address for PSP is 1250 René-Lévesque Boulevard West, Suite 1400, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3B 5E9. On September 26, 2022, D-Wave Quantum and PSP entered into the PSP Side Letter Agreement. See “Business—Business Combination and Lincoln Park Transaction —PSP Side Letter Agreement.”

(7) | Consists of Common Shares of which CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC, or the Sponsor, is the record holder and 11,633,061 Common Shares underlying Warrants issued to the Sponsor in the Transaction in exchange for Private Warrants, which Warrants are exercisable as of September 4, 2022. Mr. Michael is the manager of the Sponsor, and as such has voting and dispositive power over the securities held by the Sponsor and may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of such securities. Mr. Michael disclaims beneficial ownership of such securities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(8) | Consists of Common Shares held of record by BDC Capital Inc. (“BDC”). BDC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Business Development Bank of Canada which is itself wholly-owned by the federal government of Canada. Jerôme Nycz, Executive Vice-President, BDC, and Karl Reckziegel, Senior Vice-President, Direct Investments, BDC, have authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by BDC Capital. The business address of the foregoing persons is 5 Place Ville Marie, Suite 300, Montreal Quebec (Canada) H3B 5E7.

(9) | Consists of Common Shares held by Broad Street Principal Investments, L.L.C., Bridge Street 2014, L.P., Stone Street 2014 Holdings, L.P., MBD 2014, L.P., and 2014 Employee Offshore Aggregator, L.P. (collectively, the “GS Entities”). Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, or GS, is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., or GSG. Affiliates of GSG are the general partner, managing general partner or investment manager, as applicable, of the GS Entities. Each of GS and GSG disclaims beneficial ownership of the equity interests and the shares described above held directly or indirectly by the GS Entities, except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein, if any. The address of each of the GS Entities, GS and GSG is 200 West Street, New York, NY 10282.

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SELLING STOCKHOLDER

This prospectus relates to the possible resale by the Selling Stockholder, Lincoln Park, of Common Shares that may be issued to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. We are filing the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part pursuant to the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement, which we entered into with Lincoln Park on June 16, 2022, concurrently with our execution of the Purchase Agreement, in which we agreed to provide certain registration rights with respect to sales by Lincoln Park of the Common Shares that may be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

Lincoln Park, as the Selling Stockholder, may from time to time offer and sell pursuant to this prospectus any or all of the Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The Selling Stockholder may sell some, all, or none of its Common Shares. We do not know how long the Selling Stockholder will hold the Common Shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements, or understandings with the Selling Stockholder regarding the sale of any of the Common Shares.

The following table provides, as of February 9, 2023, the date prior to the initial filing of this registration statement, information regarding the Selling Stockholder and the Common Shares that it may offer and sell from time to time under this prospectus. The percentage of ownership in the table below is based on 127,173,554 Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares) outstanding on February 9, 2023, including 15,500,000 Common Shares we have already issued to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Stockholder, and reflects its holdings as of February 9, 2023. Neither Lincoln Park nor any of its affiliates has held a position or office, or had any other material relationship, with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 thereunder.

Selling Stockholder |  | Common Shares Beneficially Owned Before this Offering |  |  | Percentage of Outstanding Common Shares Beneficially Owned Before this Offering |  |  | Common Shares to be Sold in this Offering Assuming the Company issues the Maximum Number of Common Shares Under the Purchase Agreement |  |  | Percentage of Outstanding Common Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering |
Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC(1) |  |  | 298,900 | (2) |  |  | * |  |  |  | 35,000,000 | (3) |  |  | * |

* | Represents less than 1% of the outstanding Common Shares (including the Exchangeable Shares) and/or assumes all Common Shares registered hereunder have been resold by Lincoln Park.

(1) | Josh Scheinfeld and Jonathan Cope, the Managing Members of Lincoln Park Capital, LLC, are deemed to be beneficial owners of all of the Common Shares owned by Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC. Messrs. Cope and Scheinfeld have shared voting and investment power over the Common Shares being offered under the prospectus in connection with the transactions contemplated under the Purchase Agreement. Lincoln Park Capital, LLC is not a licensed broker dealer or an affiliate of a licensed broker dealer.

(2) | Represents shares previously issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, all of which are covered by the First LP Registration Statement. We have excluded from the number of shares beneficially owned by Lincoln Park prior to the offering all of the Common Shares that Lincoln Park may be required to purchase on or after the date of this prospectus pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, because the issuance of such Common Shares is solely at our discretion and is subject to certain conditions, the satisfaction of all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, including the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part becoming and remaining effective. Furthermore, under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, issuances and sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park are subject to certain limitations on the amounts we may sell to Lincoln Park at any time, including the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. See the description under the heading “Lincoln Park Transaction” for more information about the Purchase Agreement.

(3) | Represents an aggregate of 35,000,000 Common Shares that may be sold by us under this prospectus. Depending on the price per Common Share at which we sell our shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we may need to sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement more or less Common Shares than are offered under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $150,000,000 total commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If we choose to sell more Common Shares than are offered under this prospectus, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act such additional Common Shares. The number of Common Shares ultimately offered for resale by Lincoln Park is dependent upon the number of Common Shares we sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a summary of certain material United States federal income tax consequences to a non-U.S. holder (as defined below) relating to the ownership and disposition of our Common Shares, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all the potential tax considerations relating thereto. This summary is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Treasury Regulations”), administrative rulings and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These authorities may be changed, possibly retroactively, so as to result in United States federal income consequences different from those set forth below. We have not sought any ruling from the IRS with respect to the statements made and the conclusions reached in the following summary, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with such statements and conclusions.

This summary also does not address the tax considerations arising under the laws of any non-United States, state or local jurisdiction, or under United States federal gift and estate tax laws. In addition, this discussion does not address tax considerations applicable to a non-U.S. holder’s particular circumstances or to non-U.S. holders that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:

| • |  | banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;

| • |  | persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;

| • |  | tax-exempt organizations;

| • |  | controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal income tax;

| • |  | partnerships or other entities treated as pass-through entities for United States federal income tax purposes;

| • |  | dealers in securities or currencies;

| • |  | traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings;

| • |  | persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our common stock, except to the extent specifically set forth below;

| • |  | real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies;

| • |  | certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

| • |  | persons who hold our Common Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale, or other integrated security transaction; or

| • |  | persons who do not hold our Common Shares as a capital asset (within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code).

If an entity or arrangement is or is treated as a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes is the beneficial owner of shares of our Common Shares, the tax treatment of a person treated as a partner (or other owner) generally will depend on the status of the partner (or other owner) and the activities of the entity. Persons that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are treated as partners (or other owners) in a partnership or other pass-through entity that is the beneficial owner of our Common Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our Common Shares.

Non-U.S. Holders

For purposes of this discussion, the term “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of our Common Shares that is an individual, corporation, estate or trust, other than:

| • |  | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S., as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

| • |  | a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in the U.S. or under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

| • |  | an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

| • |  | a trust if: (i) a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust; or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a domestic trust.

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PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR CONSEQUENCES TO THEM UNDER U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL, AND APPLICABLE NON-U.S. TAX LAWS OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON SHARES.

Distributions on Common Shares

The gross amount of any distribution on Common Shares to a non-U.S. holder will, to the extent paid out of D-Wave Quantum’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), constitute a dividend and will be subject to a U.S. federal withholding tax on the gross amount of the dividend at a rate of 30%, unless (i) such dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States), or (ii) such non-U.S. holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and provides proper certification of its eligibility for such reduced rate (usually on an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable). To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds D-Wave Quantum’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), such excess amount will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the non-U.S. holder’s tax basis in its Common Shares, and thereafter as gain realized from the sale of Common Shares, the tax consequences of which would be the same as the consequences of recognizing gain on a sale or other disposition of Common Shares as described below under the heading “—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares.”

Dividends paid by D-Wave Quantum to a non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with such non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States) will generally not be subject to U.S. withholding tax, provided such non-U.S. holder complies with certain certification and disclosure requirements (usually by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). Instead, the effectively connected income will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. holder were a U.S. resident, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. A corporate non-U.S. holder receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “—FATCA,” a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on any gain recognized on any sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition of the Common Shares, unless:

| • |  | such gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States);

| • |  | you are an individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the disposition and certain other conditions are met; or

| • |  | D-Wave Quantum is or has been a “United States real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the period that the non-U.S. holder held the Common Shares, and the non-U.S. holder has owned, directly or constructively, more than 5% of the Common Shares at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the period that the non-U.S. holder held the Common Shares.

Gain described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as if the non-U.S. holder were a U.S. resident, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. A corporate non-U.S. holder may also be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).

Gain described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or a reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty) on the amount by which certain capital gains allocable to U.S. sources exceed certain capital losses allocable to U.S. sources (provided that you have timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses)

With respect to the third bullet point above, D-Wave Quantum believes that it currently is not, and does not anticipate becoming, a USPRHC. Because the determination of whether D-Wave Quantum is a USRPHC depends, however, on the fair market value of its “United States real property interests,” relative to the fair market value of its non-U.S. real property interests and other business assets, there can be no assurance D-Wave Quantum will not become a USPRHC in the future. If, contrary to expectations, the third bullet point above applies to a non-U.S. holder, gain recognized by such holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as if the non-U.S. holder were a U.S. resident.

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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

We must annually report to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder any distribution that is subject to U.S. federal withholding tax or that is exempt from such withholding pursuant to an income tax treaty. Copies of these information returns may also be made available under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which a non-U.S. holder resides. Under certain circumstances, the Code imposes a backup withholding obligation on certain reportable payments. Dividends paid to you will generally be exempt from backup withholding if you provide a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or Form W-8BEN-E (or, in each case, an appropriate successor form) or otherwise establish an exemption and the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a U.S. person or that the conditions of such other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied.

The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our Common Shares to or through the U.S. office of any broker (U.S. or non-U.S.) will be subject to information reporting and possible backup withholding unless you certify as to your non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establish an exemption and the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied. The payment of proceeds from the disposition of our Common Shares to or through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding unless the non-U.S. broker has certain types of relationships with the U.S. (a “U.S. related financial intermediary”). In the case of the payment of proceeds from the disposition of our Common Shares to or through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is either a U.S. person or a U.S. related financial intermediary, the Treasury regulations require information reporting (but not backup withholding) on the payment unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. holder and the broker has no knowledge to the contrary. You are urged to consult your tax advisor on the application of information reporting and backup withholding in light of your particular circumstances.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to you will be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA

Sections 1471 to 1474 of the U.S. Tax Code (commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or “FATCA”) impose a 30% withholding tax on payments of U.S.-source dividends (including amounts treated as dividends received pursuant to a redemption of stock or a constructive distribution), and subject to the discussion of certain proposed Treasury Regulations below, on the gross proceeds from a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of stock (including a redemption treated as a sale), in each case if paid to “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and generally includes investment vehicles) and certain other non-U.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of interests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied, or an exemption applies (typically certified as to by the delivery of a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN-E). If FATCA withholding is imposed, certain non-U.S. holders may be able to obtain a refund of any amounts withheld by filing a U.S. federal income tax return (which may entail significant administrative burden). Non-U.S. holders located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the possible implications of FATCA upon the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of, or distribution (including constructive distribution) with respect to the Common Shares.

The IRS released proposed Treasury Regulations that, if finalized in their present form, would eliminate the U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% applicable to the gross proceeds from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of stock (including a redemption treated as a sale). In its preamble to such proposed Treasury Regulations, the IRS stated that taxpayers may generally rely on the proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations are issued.

Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to an investment in our Common Shares.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

An aggregate of up to 35,000,000 Common Shares may be offered by this prospectus by Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The Common Shares may be sold or distributed from time to time by Lincoln Park directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed.

The sale of the Common Shares offered by this prospectus could be effected in one or more of the following methods:

| • |  | ordinary brokers’ transactions;

| • |  | transactions involving cross or block trades;

| • |  | through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents;

| • |  | “at the market” into an existing market for the Common Shares;

| • |  | in other ways not involving market makers or established business markets, including direct sales to purchasers or sales effected through agents;

| • |  | in privately negotiated transactions; or

| • |  | any combination of the foregoing.

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the Common Shares may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the Common Shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the state’s registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.

Lincoln Park is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

Lincoln Park has informed us that it intends to use an unaffiliated broker-dealer to effectuate all sales, if any, of the Common Shares that it may purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Such sales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price. Each such unaffiliated broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Lincoln Park has informed us that each such broker-dealer will receive commissions from Lincoln Park that will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.

Brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the Common Shares as agents may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from Lincoln Park and/or purchasers of the Common Shares for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent. The compensation paid to a particular broker-dealer may be less than or in excess of customary commissions. Neither we nor Lincoln Park can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive. We know of no existing arrangements between Lincoln Park or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the Common Shares offered by this prospectus. At the time a particular offer of shares is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed that will set forth the names of any agents, underwriters or dealers and any compensation from Lincoln Park, and any other required information.

We will pay the expenses incident to the registration, offering, and sale of the Common Shares to Lincoln Park. We have agreed to indemnify Lincoln Park and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of Common Shares offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Lincoln Park has agreed to indemnify us against liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from certain written information furnished to us by Lincoln Park specifically for use in this prospectus or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities.

Lincoln Park has represented to us that at no time prior to the Purchase Agreement has it or its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of Common Shares or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to Common Shares. Lincoln Park has agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, it, its agents, representatives or affiliates will not enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any of the foregoing transactions.

We have advised Lincoln Park that they are required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes Lincoln Park, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus.

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This offering will terminate on the date that all shares offered by this prospectus have been sold by Lincoln Park.

Our Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the trading symbol “QBTS.”

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LINCOLN PARK TRANSACTION

General

On June 16, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to an aggregate of $150,000,000 of Common Shares (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the term of the Purchase Agreement. Also on June 16, 2022, we entered into the Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which we have filed with the SEC the registration statement that includes this prospectus to register for resale under the Securities Act the Common Shares that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

This prospectus covers the resale by Lincoln Park of up to 35,000,000 Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement from time to time. All sales are at our sole discretion.

We have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time to direct Lincoln Park to purchase Common Shares having a value of up to $250,000 on any business day (the “Purchase Date”), which may be increased to up to $1,000,000 depending on certain conditions as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (and subject to adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction as provided in the Purchase Agreement) (each, a “Regular Purchase”). The purchase price per Common Share for a Regular Purchase will be the lower of: (i) the lowest trading price for Common Shares on the applicable Purchase Date and (ii) the average of the three lowest closing sale prices for Common Shares during the ten consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such Purchase Date. The purchase price per Common Share will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, forward or reverse stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute such price.

We also have the right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park on each Purchase Date to make “accelerated purchases” on the following business day (the “Accelerated Purchase Date”) up to the lesser of (i) 300% of the number of Common Shares purchased pursuant to a Regular Purchase or (ii) 30% of the total number (or volume) of Common Shares traded on the NYSE during the period on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date beginning at the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time (as defined below) for such Accelerated Purchase and ending at the Accelerated Purchase Termination Time (as defined below) for such Accelerated Purchase, at a purchase price equal to the lesser of 95% of (x) the closing sale price of Common Shares on the Accelerated Purchase Date and (y) of the volume weighted average price of Common Shares on the Accelerated Purchase Date (during a time period between the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time and the Accelerated Purchase Termination Time) (each, an “Accelerated Purchase”). We have the right in our sole discretion to set a minimum price threshold for each Accelerated Purchase in the notice provided with respect to such Accelerated Purchase and we may direct multiple Accelerated Purchases in a day provided that delivery of Common Shares has been completed with respect to any prior Regular Purchases and Accelerated Purchases that Lincoln Park has purchased.

“Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time” means the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., Eastern time, on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, or such other time publicly announced by the NYSE as the official open (or commencement) of trading on the NYSE on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date.

“Accelerated Purchase Termination Time” means the earliest of (A) 4:00:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, or such other time publicly announced by the NYSE as the official close of trading on the NYSE on such applicable Accelerated Purchase Date, (B) such time, from and after the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase, that the total number (or volume) of Common Shares traded on the NYSE has exceeded the number of Common Shares equal to (i) the applicable Accelerated Purchase Share Amount (as defined below) to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to the applicable purchase notice delivered for such Accelerated Purchase (the “Accelerated Purchase Notice”), divided by (ii) 30%, and (C) such time, from and after the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase, that the trade price for the Common Shares on the NYSE as reported by the NYSE, has fallen below the applicable minimum per share price threshold set forth in the applicable Accelerated Purchase Notice.

“Accelerated Purchase Share Amount” means, with respect to an Accelerated Purchase, the number of Common Shares directed by the Company to be purchased by Lincoln Park in an Accelerated Purchase Notice, which number of Common Shares shall not exceed the lesser of (i) 300% of the number of Common Shares directed by the Company to be purchased by Lincoln Park pursuant to the corresponding notice for the corresponding Regular Purchase and (ii) an amount equal to (A) 30% multiplied by (B) the total number (or volume) of Common Shares traded on the NYSE during the period on the applicable Accelerated Purchase Date beginning at the Accelerated Purchase Commencement Time for such Accelerated Purchase and ending at the Accelerated Purchase Termination Time for such Accelerated Purchase.

The Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time, at our sole discretion, without any cost or penalty, by giving one business day notice to Lincoln Park to terminate the Purchase Agreement.

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Actual sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of Common Shares and determinations by us as to available and appropriate sources of funding for our operations. The Purchase Agreement prohibits us from issuing or selling and Lincoln Park from acquiring any Common Shares if (i) the closing price of the Common Shares is less than the Floor Price of $1.00 or (ii) those Common Shares, when aggregated with all other Common Shares then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates, would result in Lincoln Park and its affiliates having beneficial ownership of more than 9.9% of the then issued and outstanding Common Shares, as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder.

As of December 31, 2022, there were 113,335,535 Common Shares outstanding, including the Exchangeable Shares and including 2,260,346 Common Shares that we have already issued to Lincoln Park under the First LP Registration Statement. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $150,000,000 of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, only 35,000,000 Common Shares are being offered under this prospectus to Lincoln Park. Depending on the market prices of Common Shares at the time we elect to issue and sell shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, we may need to register for resale under the Securities Act additional Common Shares in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $150,000,000 total commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. At an assumed average purchase price equal to the Floor Price of $1.00, we would need to register an additional 99,881,540 Common Shares, to bring the total number of shares issued to Lincoln Park to 150,381,540 in order to sell the entire $150 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. We are not required to register any additional Common Shares.

The purchase price for the Common Shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the trading price of the Common Shares. We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any future sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, subject to (i) the closing price of our Common Shares exceeding the Floor Price and (ii) the other terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, as described herein. Additional sales of Common Shares, if any, to Lincoln Park will depend upon market conditions, as well as other factors to be determined by us. While the Purchase Agreement limits the rate at which we can sell Common Shares to Lincoln Park, due to the significant number of Common Shares that were redeemed in connection with the Transaction, the number of Common Shares that we can sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement could constitute a considerable percentage of our public float at the time of such sales. As a result, the resale by Lincoln Park of Purchased Shares pursuant to this registration statement could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of Common Shares. The 35,000,000 Common Shares that may be resold into the public markets pursuant to this registration statement represent approximately 23.6% of the Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of December 31, 2022 (approximately 17.6% on a fully-diluted basis). We may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all or only some of the Common Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and, as a result of certain conditions with respect to the use of the Purchase Agreement, including the Floor Price Limitation, we may be significantly constrained from selling Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, we have sold 1,878,806 Common Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, not including the 381,540 Commitment Shares.

If all of the 35,000,000 Common Shares offered by Lincoln Park under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 such Common Shares would represent approximately 23.6% of the total number of Common Shares (including Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of the date hereof (approximately 17.6% on a fully-diluted basis). If we elect to issue and sell more than the 35,000,000 Common Shares offered under this prospectus to Lincoln Park, which we have the right, but not the obligation, to do, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act any such additional Common Shares, which could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of Common Shares ultimately offered for resale by Lincoln Park is dependent upon the number of Common Shares we sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

At the current price of our Common Shares, which was $1.36 per share on February 6, 2023, the registration of a significant number of additional Common Shares would be required if we sought to sell the entire $150.0 million of Common Shares. At an assumed average purchase price equal to the Floor Price, we would need to register an additional 99,881,540 Common Shares (or 150,381,540 Common Shares in aggregate) in order to sell the entire $150.0 million of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of any such additional Common Shares to Lincoln Park could cause substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of Common Shares ultimately offered for resale by Lincoln Park is dependent upon the number of Common Shares we sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. On a combined basis with the 89,152,764 Common Shares previously registered on the Resale Registration Statement, the 15,500,000 Common Shares previously registered on the First LP Registration Statement, and the 35,000,000 Common Shares being registered on this registration statement, we will have registered 139,652,764 Common Shares that may be sold and/or resold from time to time pursuant to the registration statements which represent approximately 123.2% of the Common Shares (including Common Shares underlying Exchangeable Shares) outstanding as of December 31, 2022 (approximately 85.0% on a fully-diluted basis). Any sales of such Common Shares by Lincoln Park could similarly have a significant negative impact on the trading price of Common Shares.

The number of Common Shares ultimately offered for resale by Lincoln Park is dependent upon the number of Common Shares we sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

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The Purchase Agreement specifically provides that we may not issue or sell any Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable rules or regulations of the NYSE.

Issuances of Common Shares in this offering will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted as a result of any such issuance. Although the number of Common Shares that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the Common Shares owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares after any such issuance to Lincoln Park.

Other than as described above, there are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Purchase Agreement, and we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, closing conditions and indemnification provisions by, among and for the benefit of the parties. Lincoln Park has agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives or affiliates will enter into or effect, directly or indirectly any short selling or hedging that establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares. There are no limitations on the use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financings (other than restrictions on our ability to enter into a similar type of agreement or equity line of credit during the term of the Purchase Agreement, excluding an At-The-Market transaction with a registered broker-dealer), rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement.

Events of Default

Events of default under the Purchase Agreement include the following:

| • |  | the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order), or any required prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus are unavailable for the resale by Lincoln Park of Common Shares offered hereby, and such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of ten consecutive business days or for more than an aggregate of 30 business days in any 365-day period;

| • |  | suspension by our principal market of Common Shares from trading for a period of one business day (other than in connection with a general suspension of trading on such market);

| • |  | the delisting of the Common Shares from the NYSE (or nationally recognized successor thereto), provided, however, that the Common Shares is not immediately thereafter trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, the NYSE American, the NYSE Arca, the OTC Bulletin Board, the OTCQX operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc., the OTCQB operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. or such other nationally recognized trading market (or nationally recognized successor to any of the foregoing);

| • |  | the failure of our transfer agent to issue to Lincoln Park Common Shares within three business days after the applicable date on which Lincoln Park is entitled to receive such shares;

| • |  | any breach of the representations or warranties or covenants contained in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement that has or could have a material adverse effect on us and, in the case of a breach of a covenant that is reasonably curable, that is not cured within five business days;

| • |  | any voluntary or involuntary participation or threatened participation in insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings by or against us;

| • |  | a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any bankruptcy law that (i) is for relief against us in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian for us or for all or substantially all of our property, or (iii) orders the liquidation of us or our subsidiaries; or

| • |  | if at any time we are not eligible to transfer Common Shares electronically as DWAC shares.

Lincoln Park does not have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon any of the events of default set forth above. During an event of default following any applicable grace or cure period, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, we may not direct Lincoln Park to purchase any Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement.

No Short-Selling or Hedging by Lincoln Park

Lincoln Park has agreed that neither it nor any of its affiliates shall engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of Common Shares during any time prior to the termination of the Purchase Agreement.

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Prohibitions on Variable Rate Transactions

There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement other than a prohibition on entering into a “Variable Rate Transaction,” as defined in the Purchase Agreement.

Effect of Performance of the Purchase Agreement on Our Stockholders

All 35,000,000 Common Shares to be registered in this offering which have been or may be sold by us to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement are expected to be freely tradable. It is anticipated that Common Shares registered in this offering will be sold over the period of up to 36-months that began on the Commencement Date. The sale by Lincoln Park of a significant amount of Common Shares registered in this offering at any given time could cause the market price of Common Shares to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park, if any, will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all, some or none of the additional Common Shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

If and when we do sell shares to Lincoln Park, after Lincoln Park has acquired the Common Shares, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of those Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us under the Purchase Agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of Common Shares. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of Common Shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with Lincoln Park may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. However, we have the right to control the timing and amount of any additional sales of Common Shares to Lincoln Park and the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion without any cost to us.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The legality of the Common Shares offered by the prospectus will be passed upon for D-Wave by Holland & Knight LLP.

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EXPERTS

The financial statements of D-Wave Systems Inc. at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for the years then ended, included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance of the report (which contains an explanatory paragraph relating to D-Wave Systems Inc.’s ability to continue as a going concern as described in Note 2 to the financial statements), of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The financial statements of DPCM Capital, Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 appearing in this prospectus, have been audited by Marcum LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report thereon (which contains an explanatory paragraph relating to substantial doubt about the ability of DPCM Capital, Inc. to continue as a going concern as described in Note 1 to such financial statements) appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, and are included in reliance on such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which forms a part of such registration statement, does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For further information pertaining to us and our securities, you should refer to the registration statement and to its exhibits. The registration statement has been filed electronically and may be obtained in any manner listed below. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or a report we file under the Exchange Act, you should refer to the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit to a registration statement or report is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.dwavesys.com/investors. The information found on, or that can be accessed from or that is hyperlinked to, our website is not part of this prospectus. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided herein.

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Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed consolidated financial statements of
D-Wave
Quantum Inc. as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

|  | Page |
Unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets |  |  | F-2 |
Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss |  |  | F-3 |
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity |  |  | F-4 |
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  |  | F-8 |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  | F-9 |
Audited consolidated financial statements of D-Wave Systems Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 |  |  |  |
|  | Page |
Report of independent registered public accounting firm |  |  | F-33 |
Consolidated Financial Statements: |  |  |  |
Consolidated balance sheets |  |  | F-35 |
Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss |  |  | F-36 |
Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity |  |  | F-37 |
Consolidated statements of cash flows |  |  | F-38 |
Notes to consolidated financial statements |  |  | F-39 |
Audited consolidated financial statements of DPCM Capital, Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |
|  | Page |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  | F-72 |
Financial Statements: |  |  |  |
Balance Sheets |  |  | F-73 |
Statements of Operations |  |  | F-74 |
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  | F-75 |
Statements of Cash Flows |  |  | F-76 |
Notes to Financial Statements |  |  | F-77 |
DPCM Capital, Inc. Financial Statements as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 |  |  |  |
|  | Page |
Financial Statements: |  |  |  |
Condensed Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2021 |  |  | F-96 |
Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited) |  |  | F-97 |
Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited) |  |  | F-98 |
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited) |  |  | F-99 |
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  |  | F-100 |

F-1

Table of Contents
D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 13,764 |  |  | $ | 9,483 |
Trade accounts receivable, net |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | 421 |
Receivable research incentives |  |  | 1,052 |  |  |  | 4,774 |
Inventories |  |  | 2,533 |  |  |  | 2,114 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 8,190 |  |  |  | 1,116 |
Deferred offering costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,250 |
Total current assets |  | $ | 26,279 |  |  | $ | 19,158 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 2,537 |  |  |  | 3,249 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 8,066 |  |  |  | 8,578 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 272 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 1,345 |  |  |  | 1,353 |
Total assets |  | $ | 38,489 |  |  | $ | 32,610 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts payable |  |  | 3,158 |  |  |  | 2,109 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 5,318 |  |  |  | 3,614 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,461 |  |  |  | 1,687 |
Loans payable, current |  |  | 2,232 |  |  |  | 220 |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 1,989 |  |  |  | 2,665 |
Promissory note - related party |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 14,578 |  |  |  | 10,295 |
Warrant liabilities |  |  | 5,498 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 6,211 |  |  |  | 6,990 |
Loans payable, noncurrent |  |  | 12,912 |  |  |  | 12,233 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 39,199 |  |  | $ | 29,590 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock*, no par value; nil shares and 122,564,333 shares authorized as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; nil shares and 122,564,333 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189,881 |
Common stock*, par value $0.0001 per share; 675,000,000 shares and unlimited shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 110,377,357 shares and 2,817,498 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 372,840 |  |  |  | 148,850 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (363,136 | ) |  |  | (325,268 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (10,425 | ) |  |  | (10,443 | )
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity |  | $ | (710 | ) |  | $ | 3,020 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 38,489 |  |  | $ | 32,610 |

* | Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-2

Table of Contents
D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |  |  | For the nine months ended September 30, |
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,307 |  |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 3,853 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 1,778 |  |  |  | 873 |
Total gross profit |  |  | 1,086 |  |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 2,980 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 7,334 |  |  |  | 6,313 |  |  |  | 20,933 |  |  |  | 19,268 |
General and administrative |  |  | 6,921 |  |  |  | 2,801 |  |  |  | 14,527 |  |  |  | 7,831 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 2,099 |  |  |  | 1,679 |  |  |  | 5,438 |  |  |  | 3,975 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 16,354 |  |  |  | 10,793 |  |  |  | 40,898 |  |  |  | 31,074 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (15,268 | ) |  |  | (9,793 | ) |  |  | (37,898 | ) |  |  | (28,094 | )
Other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (1,336 | ) |  |  | (205 | ) |  |  | (3,874 | ) |  |  | (590 | )
Government assistance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,146 |
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,164 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,164 |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 2,603 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,603 |  |  |  | — |
Other income, net |  |  | 948 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 1,301 |  |  |  | 669 |
Total other income, net |  |  | 2,215 |  |  |  | 5,584 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 10,389 |
Net loss |  | $ | (13,053 | ) |  | $ | (4,209 | ) |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | (0.14 | )
Weighted-average shares * used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted |  |  | 116,256,805 |  |  |  | 125,362,390 |  |  |  | 122,337,727 |  |  |  | 125,331,065 |
Comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (13,053 | ) |  | $ | (4,209 | ) |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 40 |
Net comprehensive loss |  | $ | (12,997 | ) |  | $ | (4,180 | ) |  | $ | (37,850 | ) |  | $ | (17,665 | )

* | Weighted-average shares have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity
(Unaudited)

|  | Stockholders’ Deficit |
|  | Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  |  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital |  |  | Accumulated deficit |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total stockholders’ deficit |
(In thousands, except share data) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balances at June 30, 2022 |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 3,341,327 |  |  | $ | 2,811 |  |  | $ | 147,779 |  |  | $ | (350,083 | ) |  | $ | (10,481 | ) |  | $ | (20,093 | )
Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |  |  | (15,201,495 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (368,692 | ) |  |  | (2,811 | ) |  |  | 2,811 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period* |  |  | 122,564,333 |  |  |  | 189,881 |  |  |  | 2,972,635 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 150,590 |  |  |  | (350,083 | ) |  |  | (10,481 | ) |  |  | (20,093 | )
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Business Combination (Note 3) |  |  | (122,564,333 | ) |  |  | (189,881 | ) |  |  | 96,764,117 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 189,871 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ELOC (Note 3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 381,540 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,271 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,271 |
Business Combination, net of redemptions and transaction costs (Note 3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,327,512 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,828 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,828 | )
Issuance of common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment (Note 3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,816,528 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 39,999 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,000 |
Exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 115,025 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 910 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 910 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,027 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,027 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 56 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,053 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,053 | )
Balances at September 30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 110,377,357 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 372,840 |  |  | $ | (363,136 | ) |  | $ | (10,425 | ) |  | $ | (710 | )

* | Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity
(Unaudited)

|  | Stockholders’ Equity |
|  | Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  |  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital |  |  | Accumulated deficit |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total stockholders’ equity |
(In thousands, except share data) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balances at June 30, 2021 |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 3,142,789 |  |  | $ | 2,586 |  |  | $ | 144,838 |  |  | $ | (307,219 | ) |  | $ | (10,447 | ) |  | $ | 19,639 |
Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |  |  | (15,201,495 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (346,785 | ) |  |  | (2,586 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,586 | )
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period* |  |  | 122,564,333 |  |  |  | 189,881 |  |  |  | 2,796,004 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144,838 |  |  |  | (307,219 | ) |  |  | (10,447 | ) |  |  | 17,053 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,669 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 225 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 29 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,209 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,209 | )
Balances at September 30, 2021 |  |  | 122,564,333 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 2,798,673 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 145,062 |  |  | $ | (311,428 | ) |  | $ | (10,418 | ) |  | $ | 13,097 |

* | Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity
(Unaudited)

|  | Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity |
|  | Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  |  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital |  |  | Accumulated deficit |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
(In thousands, except share data) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balances at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 3,166,949 |  |  | $ | 2,610 |  |  | $ | 146,240 |  |  | $ | (325,268 | ) |  | $ | (10,443 | ) |  | $ | 3,020 |
Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |  |  | (15,201,495 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (349,451 | ) |  |  | (2,610 | ) |  |  | 2,610 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period* |  |  | 122,564,333 |  |  |  | 189,881 |  |  |  | 2,817,498 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 148,850 |  |  |  | (325,268 | ) |  |  | (10,443 | ) |  |  | 3,020 |
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Business Combination (Note 3) |  |  | (122,564,333 | ) |  |  | (189,881 | ) |  |  | 96,764,117 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 189,871 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ELOC (Note 3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 381,540 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,271 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,271 |
Business Combination, net of redemptions and transaction costs (Note 3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,327,512 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,828 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,828 | )
Issuance of common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment (Note 3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,816,528 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 39,999 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,000 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 155,137 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72 |
Exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 115,025 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 910 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 910 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,695 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,695 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 18 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (37,868 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (37,868 | )
Balances at September 30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 110,377,357 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 372,840 |  |  | $ | (363,136 | ) |  | $ | (10,425 | ) |  | $ | (710 | )

* | Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity
(Unaudited)

|  | Stockholders’ Equity |
|  | Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  |  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital |  |  | Accumulated deficit |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total stockholders’ equity |
(In thousands, except share data) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balances at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 3,061,746 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | $ | 144,537 |  |  | $ | (293,723 | ) |  | $ | (10,458 | ) |  | $ | 32,729 |
Retroactive application of Business Combination (Note 3) |  |  | (15,201,495 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (337,843 | ) |  |  | (2,492 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,492 | )
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period* |  |  | 122,564,333 |  |  |  | 189,881 |  |  |  | 2,723,903 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144,537 |  |  |  | (293,723 | ) |  |  | (10,458 | ) |  |  | 30,237 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74,770 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 555 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 555 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 40 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,705 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,705 | )
Balances at September 30, 2021 |  |  | 122,564,333 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 2,798,673 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 145,062 |  |  | $ | (311,428 | ) |  | $ | (10,418 | ) |  | $ | 13,097 |

* | Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Business Combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows
(Unaudited)

|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 1,135 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 3,695 |  |  |  | 555 |
Amortization of operating right of use assets |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 764 |
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory |  |  | 265 |  |  |  | 215 |
Non-cash interest expense on government payable |  |  | 1,902 |  |  |  | 601 |
Venture loan interest and final payment fee |  |  | 1,808 |  |  |  | — |
Grant income |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,135 | )
Change in fair value of public warrant liability |  |  | (1,483 | ) |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of private warrant liability |  |  | (1,120 | ) |  |  | — |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | (756 | )
(Gain) loss on marketable securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,164 | )
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain) |  |  | (1,226 | ) |  |  | 15 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable |  |  | (320 | ) |  |  | (334 | )
Research incentives receivable |  |  | 579 |  |  |  | (10,374 | )
Inventories |  |  | (684 | ) |  |  | (29 | )
Deferred offering costs |  |  | 1,250 |  |  |  | — |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (7,074 | ) |  |  | (929 | )
Trade accounts payable |  |  | 1,049 |  |  |  | (1,081 | )
Right-of-use assets |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | — |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 1,704 |  |  |  | (313 | )
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | (730 | ) |  |  | (148 | )
Loan program payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,068 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 2,893 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease liability |  |  | (442 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (34,270 | ) |  | $ | (27,615 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | (249 | ) |  |  | (1,493 | )
Purchase of software |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  | (214 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | $ | (316 | ) |  | $ | (1,707 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from the PIPE investment (Note 3) |  |  | 40,000 |  |  |  | — |
Business Combination, net of redemption and transaction costs (Note 3) |  |  | 4,100 |  |  |  | — |
Transaction costs paid directly by D-Wave Systems |  |  | (6,528 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of public warrants |  |  | 910 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from promissory note - related party |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from government assistance |  |  | 3,124 |  |  |  | 16,346 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 66 |
Proceeds from debt financing |  |  | 19,870 |  |  |  | — |
Payment for directors and officers insurance |  |  | (864 | ) |  |  | — |
Debt payments |  |  | (20,000 | ) |  |  | (23 | )
Venture loan interest and final payment fee |  |  | (1,808 | ) |  |  | — |
Government loan payment |  |  | (398 | ) |  |  | (399 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | $ | 38,898 |  |  | $ | 15,990 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | 42 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4,281 |  |  |  | (13,290 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | $ | 9,483 |  |  | $ | 21,335 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 13,764 |  |  | $ | 8,045 |
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financial activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Initial warrant liabilities recognized in connection with closing of Business Combination |  | $ | 8,101 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-cash Business Combination financing |  | $ | (11,400 | ) |  | $ | — |
Issuance of shares for payment of ELOC commitment fee |  | $ | 3,271 |  |  | $ | — |
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock |  | $ | 189,871 |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

1. | Description of business

D-Wave
Quantum Inc.
(“D-Wave”
or the “Company”) was incorporated as a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of the Delaware on January 24, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger between DPCM Capital, Inc. (“DPCM”),
D-Wave
Systems Inc.
(“D-Wave
Systems”), and certain other affiliated entities through a series of transactions (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into on February 7, 2022 (the “Transaction Agreement”). On August 5, 2022, in conjunction with the Business Combination, DPCM and
D-Wave
Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of, and are operated by, the Company. Upon the completion of the Business Combination, the Company succeeded to all of the operations of its predecessor,
D-Wave
Systems.
For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s revenue was derived primarily from customers located in the United States, Japan, and Germany.

2. | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation
The Company has prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and pursuant to the regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, DPCM, as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of
D-Wave,
who is the legal acquirer, was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes and
D-Wave
Systems was treated as the accounting acquirer. This determination was primarily based on the following factors:
(i) D-Wave
Systems’ existing stockholders have the majority of the voting interest in the combined entity with an approximate 91% voting interest; (ii) the combined company’s board of directors have seven board members consisting of one board member designated by DPCM, three board members retained from the
D-Wave
Systems’ board, and three additional, independent board members;
(iii) D-Wave
Systems’ senior management comprises all the senior management of the combined company; and
(iv) D-Wave
Systems’ existing operations comprise the ongoing operations of the combined company. In accordance with guidance applicable to these circumstances, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of
D-Wave
Systems issuing stock for the net assets of DPCM, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination are those of
D-Wave
Systems.
As a result, the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect (i) the historical operating results of
D-Wave
Systems prior to the Business Combination, (ii) the combined results of the Company,
D-Wave
Systems and DPCM following the closing of the Business Combination, (iii) the assets and liabilities of
D-Wave
Systems at their historical costs, (iv) the assets and liabilities of the Company and DPCM at their historical costs, which approximates fair value, and (v) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.
In accordance with ASC 805 guidance applicable to these circumstances, the equity structure has been restated in all comparative periods up to the closing date of the Business Combination, to reflect the number of
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the Company’s shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 (“Common Shares”) issued to
D-Wave
Systems’ stockholders in connection with the recapitalization transaction. As such, the Common Shares and the corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to
D-Wave
Systems’ common stock prior to the Business Combination have been retrospectively restated as shares reflecting the conversion ratio established in the Business Combination.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report have been prepared by the Company and are unaudited, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, the Company believes that the disclosures contained within these interim condensed consolidated financial statements comply with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) for interim condensed consolidated financial statements and are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the registration statement on Form
S-1
(SEC File
No. 333-267124)
related to the exercise and resale of certain securities of
D-Wave,
initially filed by the Company with the SEC on August 29, 2022 and which was declared effective by the SEC on October 26, 2022 (as amended, the “Resale Registration Statement”). The condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2022 or thereafter. All references to September 30, 2022 and 2021 in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.
Liquidity and going concern
The Company has prepared its condensed consolidated financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $363.1 million and a working capital deficiency of $11.7 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred a net loss of $13.1 million and $4.2 million respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred a net loss of $37.9 million and $17.7 million respectively. The Company had net cash outflows from operations of $34.3 million and $27.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had $13.8 million of cash. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows from operations as it continues to expand its commercial operations and research and development programs.
On August 5, 2022, the Company completed a Business Combination with DPCM. The Company received gross proceeds of $49.0 million from the PIPE Investment (as defined below) and the DPCM trust account.
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In conjunction with the Business Combination, the Company and
D-Wave
Systems entered into an equity line of credit (the “ELOC”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) on June 16, 2022 which provides
D-Wave
the sole right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to buy specified dollar amounts up to $150.0 million of Common Shares through June 15, 2025. The ELOC will provide the Company and
D-Wave
with additional liquidity to fund the business, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, including volume limitations tied to periodic market prices, ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at which the Company may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022,
D-Wave
has issued 381,540 Common Shares satisfying the commitment fee for the ELOC. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022,
D-wave
did not direct Lincoln Park to buy any Common Shares. Subsequent to September 30, 2022,
D-Wave
commenced making sales pursuant to the ELOC (see Note 14).
To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the
sale
of Common Shares under the ELOC, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that
D-Wave
will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding Common Shares. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit
D-Wave’s
ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If
D-Wave
is unable to obtain additional financing, operations may be scaled back or discontinued. These conditions give rise to material uncertainties that may cast substantial doubt on the ability of
D-Wave
to continue as a going concern.
These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments could be material.
COVID-19
pandemic
The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties relating to the ongoing outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus
(“COVID-19”),
which the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in March 2020.
The COVID-19
pandemic has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions,
quarantines, shelter-in-place
orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. Work-from-home and other measures have introduced additional operational risks, including cybersecurity risks, and may adversely affect the way the Company and its third-party partners operate. The extent to which
the COVID-19
pandemic impacts the Company’s workforce, business, financial condition, and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are impacted for an extended period, the Company’s results may be materially adversely affected. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s business, results of operation and financial condition was not significantly impacted due to the effects of
COVID-19.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.
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The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to
COVID-19
and the change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.
Public Warrants and Private Warrants
The Company evaluated its outstanding warrants which were issued in exchange for (i) the warrants initially included in the DPCM units (the “Units”) issued in DPCM’s initial public offering (the “Public Warrants”), and (ii) the warrants of DPCM held by CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC (the “Sponsor”) that were issued to the Sponsor at the closing of DPCM’s initial public offering (the “Private Warrants,” and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”), which are discussed in Note 8—
Warrants
, in accordance with ASC
815-40,
“Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity
.”
The Private Warrants do not meet the derivative scope exception and are accounted for as derivative liabilities. Specifically, the Private Warrants contain provisions that cause the settlement amounts to be dependent upon the characteristics of the holder of the warrant which is not an input into the pricing of a
fixed-for-fixed
option on equity shares. Therefore, the Private Warrants are not considered indexed to the Company’s stock and should be classified as a liability. Since the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, the Company recorded the Private Warrants as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value upon the Closing, with subsequent changes in the fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting date. The fair value of the Private Warrants was initially measured using a binomial lattice model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.
The Public Warrants also do not meet the indexation guidance in ASC
815-40
and are accounted for as liabilities as the Public Warrants include a provision whereby in a scenario on which there is not an effective registration statement, the warrant holders have a cap, 0.361 Common Shares per warrant (subject to adjustment), on the issuable number of shares in a cashless exercise. The fair value of the Public Warrants was initially measured using a binomial lattice model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market.
Operating segment
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for allocating and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company views its operations and manages its business in
one
operating and reportable segment. See Note 12—
Geographic areas
.
Foreign currency translation and transactions
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Generally, the functional and reporting currency of its international subsidiaries is the currency of their primary economic environment. Accordingly, all foreign balance sheet accounts have been translated into the U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange at the respective balance sheet date. Components of the condensed consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss have been translated at the average exchange rate for the year or the corresponding period. Translation gains and
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losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains or losses arising from currency exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the local functional currency are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $956,000 of foreign currency transaction gain in other income in its condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $29,000 of foreign currency transaction loss in other income in its condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $1,322,000 and $538,000 in foreign currency transaction gain, respectively, in other income in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents consists of money held in demand depository accounts. The carrying amount of cash was $13.8 million and $9.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which approximates fair value and was determined based upon Level 1 inputs. The Company did not hold short-term investments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Fair value of financial instruments
Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

| • |  | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

| • |  | Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

| • |  | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.
The carrying amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash , trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values (Level 1).
The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company estimated the fair value of its securities denominated in Canadian dollars to be C$10.2 million for both periods presented, and its securities denominated in United States dollars to be $1.2 million and $279,000, respectively. The carrying value of its securities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1.2 million and $5,000, respectively and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
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The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description |  | Level |  |  | September 30, 2022 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 3,018 |
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,480 |

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC
815-40
and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Warrants were initially valued using a binomial lattice model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The binomial lattice model’s primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the Warrants is the expected volatility of the Common Shares. The expected volatility as of the initial public offering date was derived from observable public warrant pricing on comparable ‘blank-check’ companies without an identified target. The expected volatility as of subsequent valuation dates was implied from the Company’s own Public Warrant pricing. For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.
As of September 30, 2022, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.31 by the 17,920,898 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).
Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.
Net income (loss) per share
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders adjusted by any preferred stock dividends declared during the period by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding when the impact is not antidilutive. Contingently issuable shares are included in basic EPS only when there is no circumstance under which those shares would not be issued. Shares issuable for little or no cash consideration shall be considered outstanding common shares and included in the computation of basic EPS.
Concentration risk
Agreements which potentially subject the Company to concentration risk consist principally of two to three customer agreements. During the three month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company earned 15%, 11% and 10% of its total revenue from three customers. During the three month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company earned 15% and 11% of its total revenue earned from two customers. During the nine month
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period ended September 30, 2022, the Company earned 13% of its total revenue from two separate customers. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company earned 13% and 12% of its total revenue from two customers.
Government assistance
The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.
The Company recognizes grants and investment tax credits relating to qualifying scientific research and development expenditures as a reduction of the related eligible expenses (research and development expenses) in its condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Grants and investment tax credits are recognized in the period during which the related qualifying expenses are incurred, provided that the conditions under which the grants and investment tax credits have been met. The Company recognizes grants and investment tax credits in an amount equal to the estimated qualifying expenses incurred in each period multiplied by the applicable reimbursement percentage. Grants and investment tax credits that are recognized upon incurring qualifying expenses in advance of receipt of grant funding or proceeds from research and development incentives are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as research incentives receivable. In circumstances where the grants received relate to prior period eligible expenses, the Company recognizes them as government assistance in its condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the current period.
During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) investment tax credit of $0.1 million and $$0.5 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a SR&ED investment tax credit of $1.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company has received government loans under funding agreements that bear interest at rates that are below market rates of interest or are interest-free. The Company accounts for the imputed benefit arising from the difference between a market rate of interest and the rate of interest charged as additional grant funding, and records interest expense for the loans at a market rate of interest. On the date that loan proceeds are earned, the Company recognizes the portion of the loan proceeds allocated to grant funding as a discount to the carrying value of the loan and as other liability, which is subsequently recognized as additional government assistance upon draw down of the qualified loan amounts.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Update
No. 2014-09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)
and accounts for certain contract costs in accordance with FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
340-40,
Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers
.
The standard was adopted on a full retrospective method on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company and as such there was no recorded transition adjustment. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity shall recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
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To support this core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach:

| • |  | Identify the contract with the customer

| • |  | Identify the performance obligations

| • |  | Determine the transaction price

| • |  | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations

| • |  | Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

The Company generates revenue through subscription sales to access its Quantum Computing as a Service (“QCaaS”) cloud platform and from professional services related to the practical applications of quantum computing technology to solve its customers’ business challenges, to develop quantum
proofs-of-concepts,
pilot hybrid quantum applications and to put those applications into production. In addition, the Company also earns revenue from providing training regarding quantum computing systems and building related applications. In arrangements with
re-sellers
of the Company’s cloud services, the
re-seller
is considered the customer and the Company does not have any contractual relationships with the
re-sellers’
end users. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized at the amount charged to the
re-seller
and does not reflect any
mark-up
to the end user.
Revenue from QCaaS is recognized evenly over the contractual period, on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Professional services are recognized as they are earned based on the terms of the contract or based on the
cost-to-cost
method. Under the
cost-to-cost
method, revenue is recognized based upon the ratio that incurred costs bear to total estimated contract costs with related cost of revenue recorded as the costs are incurred.
Recently adopted accounting standards and amendments
D-Wave
is an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies.
D-Wave
is provided the option to adopt new or revised accounting guidance as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) either (1) within the same periods as those otherwise applicable to public business entities, or (2) within the same time periods as private companies, including early adoption when permissible. The Company elected to early adopt, when permissible, new or revised accounting guidance within the same time period as private companies, as indicated in Note 2 of its audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, included in the Resale Registration Statement.
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU
No.2021-10,
Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance
. ASU
2021-10
was issued to increase the transparency of government assistance. ASU
2021-10
requires that entities make certain annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. The required disclosures include: (1) information about the nature of the transactions and the related accounting policy used to account for the transactions; (2) the line items on the balance sheet and income statement that are affected by the transactions, and the amounts applicable to each financial statement line item; and (3) significant terms and conditions of the transactions, including commitments and contingencies. The amendments in ASU
2021-10
are effective for all entities within their scope for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Early application of the amendments is permitted. An entity should apply the amendments in ASU
2021-10
either (1) prospectively to all transactions within the scope of the amendments that are reflected in financial statements at the date of initial application and new transactions that are entered into after the date of
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initial application or (2) retrospectively to those transactions. The Company plans to adopt the ASU
2021-10
on December 31, 2022 with an effective date of January 1, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the standard on the consolidated financial statements.

3. | Business Combination

As discussed in Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, on August 5, 2022, the Company completed the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, the following occurred:

| • |  | Each non-redeeming share of DPCM Class A common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.4541326 Common Shares (the “Exchange Ratio”), such that 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock that were not redeemed were exchanged for 1,311,937 Common Shares;

| • |  | All outstanding warrants of DPCM were converted into the right to receive Warrants. Each such Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares, at any time commencing on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination. The number of Common Shares received upon the exercise of Warrants will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of Common Shares;

| • |  | 3,015,575 shares of DPCM Class B common stock held by Sponsor and DPCM’s officers, directors and other special advisors were converted into Common Shares on a one-for-one basis; and

| • |  | Pursuant to an arrangement effected under Part 9, Division 5 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Arrangement”) all holders of outstanding non-redeemable convertible preferred shares of D-Wave Systems received equity interests in D-Wave in exchange for their equity interests in D-Wave Systems. The aggregate consideration paid to former shareholders of D-Wave Systems in connection with the Business Combination was approximately 99,736,752 Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares (as defined below) (excluding options of D-Wave Systems and warrants of D-Wave Systems).

“Exchangeable Shares” refer to shares in the capital of
D-Wave
Quantum Technologies Inc., or ExchangeCo, an indirect Canadian subsidiary of
D-Wave.
The Exchangeable Shares are exchangeable from time to time, at the holder’s election, for Common Shares on a
one-for-one
basis.
In connection with the Business Combination and concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, on February 7, 2022, DPCM and the Company entered into separate subscription agreements with a number of investors (each a “PIPE Investor”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, a number of Common Shares (the “PIPE Shares”) equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”), such that the PIPE Investors purchased 5,816,528 PIPE Shares in the aggregate. The PIPE Investment closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Business Combination.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, DPCM was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. See Note 2 for further details. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing shares for the net assets of DPCM, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
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In accounting for the Business Combination and after redemptions, net proceeds received by the Company totaled $21.4 million. The following table presents the net proceeds from the Business Combination and PIPE Investment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

|  | Recapitalization |
Cash - DPCM trust and cash, net of redemptions |  | $ | 9,130 |
Cash - PIPE Investment |  |  | 40,000 |
Less: Non-cash net liabilities assumed from DPCM |  |  | (13,728 | )
Less: Transaction costs |  |  | (14,017 | )
Net Business Combination and PIPE Investment |  |  | 21,385 |
Add back: Non-cash net liabilities assumed from DPCM |  |  | 13,728 |
Add back: Accrued transaction costs |  |  | 2,459 |
Net cash contribution from Business Combination and PIPE Investment |  | $ | 37,572 |

The following table presents the number of shares of Common Shares issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination, PIPE Investment, and closing of the ELOC:

|  | Number of Shares |
Exchange of DPCM Class A common stock for D-Wave Quantum Inc. common stock upon Business Combination (1) |  |  | 1,311,937 |
Exchange of DPCM Class B common stock for D-Wave Quantum Inc. common stock upon Business Combination (2) |  |  | 3,015,575 |
D-Wave Quantum Inc. common stock issued in PIPE Investment upon Business Combination |  |  | 5,816,528 |
Business Combination and PIPE shares |  |  | 10,144,040 |
Exchange of D-Wave Systems Inc. common stock for D-Wave Quantum Inc. common stock (including Exchangeable Shares) upon Business Combination (3) |  |  | 99,736,752 |
D-Wave Quantum Inc. common stock issued to Lincoln Park for the ELOC closing commitment upon Business Combination |  |  | 127,180 |
Total D-Wave Quantum Inc. common stock (including Exchangeable Shares) outstanding immediately after Business Combination, PIPE Investment, and closing of the ELOC |  |  | 110,007,972 |

(1) | Prior to the Business Combination, there were 30,000,000 shares of DPCM Class A common stock subject to possible redemption outstanding. Also prior to the Business Combination, 29,097,787 shares of DPCM Class A common stock subject to possible redemption were redeemed, resulting in 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination. The number of Common Shares that former stockholders of DPCM Class A common stock received upon exchanging their shares in connection with the Business Combination was calculated by multiplying the 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination by the Exchange Ratio. All fractional shares were rounded down.

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(2) | Prior to the Business Combination, there were 7,500,000 shares of DPCM Class B common stock outstanding. Also prior to the Business Combination, 4,484,425 shares of DPCM Class B common stock were forfeited, resulting in 3,015,575 shares of DPCM Class B common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination. In connection with the Business Combination, the former stockholders of DPCM Class B common stock exchanged their shares for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

(3) | In conjunction with the Business Combination, all of D-Wave Systems’ non-redeemable convertible preferred stock was converted into D-Wave Systems’ common stock. As a result, there were 112,106,972 shares of D-Wave Systems’ common stock outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination. In conjunction with the Business Combination, the number of Common Shares that former stockholders of D-Wave Systems’ common stock received upon exchanging their shares in conjunction with the Business Combination was calculated by multiplying the 112,106,972 shares of D-Wave Systems’ common stock outstanding by the conversion ratio of 0.889657 (the “Conversion Ratio”), resulting in 99,736,752 Common Shares outstanding (including 48,409,601 Exchangeable Shares). All fractional shares were rounded down.

4. | Revenue from contracts with customers

Disaggregation of revenue
The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Type of products or services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
QCaaS |  | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 980 |
Professional services |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | 306 |
Other revenue |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 21 |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,307 |
Timing of revenue recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue recognized over the time |  | $ | 1,660 |  |  | $ | 1,247 |
Revenue recognized at a point in time |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 60 |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,307 |

|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Type of products or services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
QCaaS |  | $ | 3,905 |  |  | $ | 3,063 |
Professional services |  |  | 812 |  |  |  | 736 |
Other revenue |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 54 |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 3,853 |
Timing of revenue recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue recognized over the time |  | $ | 4,618 |  |  | $ | 3,773 |
Revenue recognized at a point in time |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 80 |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 3,853 |

Other revenue includes printed circuit board sales.
Revenue by geographical markets is presented in Note 13 -
Geographic areas.
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Contract balances
The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Contract assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade account receivable |  | $ | 740 |  |  | $ | 421 |
Unbilled receivables, which are included in ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 17 |
Total contract assets |  |  | 992 |  |  |  | 438 |
Contract liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 1,989 |  |  |  | 2,665 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54 |
Customer deposit, which are included in ‘Accrued expenses and other current liabilities’ |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 21 |
Total contract liabilities |  | $ | 2,010 |  |  | $ | 2,740 |

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 2,719 |  |  | $ | 4,713 |
Deferral of revenue |  |  | 3,554 |  |  |  | 4,092 |
Recognition of deferred revenue |  |  | (4,284 | ) |  |  | (6,086 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 1,989 |  |  | $ | 2,719 |

Remaining performance obligations
A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC
606-10-50-14 exempting
the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.
As of September 30, 2022, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $2.0 million. This amount included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 99% is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.
As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $2.7 million which included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 98% was expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.
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5. | Balance sheet details

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Accrued expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued transaction costs |  | $ | 2,459 |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued professional services |  |  | 1,010 |  |  |  | 1,953 |
Accrued compensation and related benefits |  |  | 1,438 |  |  |  | 1,108 |
Other accruals |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 318 |
Other current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other payroll expenses |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 175 |
Customer deposit |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 21 |
Current portion of long term debt, net |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 39 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | 5,318 |  |  | $ | 3,614 |

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Prepaid expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid Lincoln Park commitment fee |  | $ | 3,279 |  |  | $ | — |
Prepaid services |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | 125 |
Prepaid software |  |  | 1,027 |  |  |  | 531 |
Prepaid rent |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 151 |
Prepaid commissions |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 84 |
Other |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 156 |
Other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Directors and Officers insurance |  | $ | 2,028 |  |  | $ | — |
Unbilled receivables |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 17 |
Security deposits |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 52 |
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 8,190 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |

6. | Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Quantum computer systems |  | $ | 13,425 |  |  | $ | 13,425 |
Lab equipment |  |  | 6,664 |  |  |  | 6,645 |
Computer equipment |  |  | 3,439 |  |  |  | 3,305 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 1,074 |  |  |  | 1,074 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 316 |
Construction-in-progress |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 285 |
Total property and equipment |  |  | 25,299 |  |  |  | 25,050 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (22,762 | ) |  |  | (21,801 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 2,537 |  |  | $ | 3,249 |

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Depreciation expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $338,000 and $393,000 respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $1.0 million and $1.1 million respectively. The Company has not acquired any property and equipment under capital leases.

7. | Loans payable

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 loans payable consisted of the refundable government loans. The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Loan payable, beginning of period |  | $ | 29,844 |  |  | $ | 13,624 |
SIF contribution |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,786 |
Financing of Directors and Officers Insurance |  |  | 2,893 |  |  |  | — |
Venture Loan |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  | — |
Payments |  |  | (1,262 | ) |  |  | (399 | )
Interest and final fee on Venture Loan |  |  | 1,808 |  |  |  | — |
Repayment of the Venture Loan |  |  | (21,808 | ) |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange (gain) loss |  |  | (1,948 | ) |  |  | (167 | )
Loan payable, end of period |  | $ | 29,527 |  |  | $ | 29,844 |
Discount, beginning of period |  | $ | (17,391 | ) |  | $ | (11,948 | )
SIF discount on additional contribution |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,167 | )
TPC discount on additional contribution |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Venture Loan discount |  |  | (130 | ) |  |  | — |
Interest expense |  |  | 1,902 |  |  |  | 1,728 |
Foreign exchange (gain) loss |  |  | 1,236 |  |  |  | (4 | )
Total discount, end of period |  | $ | (14,383 | ) |  | $ | (17,391 | )
Total loans payable, end of period |  | $ | 15,144 |  |  | $ | 12,453 |
Short-term portion |  |  | 2,232 |  |  |  | 220 |
Long-term portion |  |  | 12,912 |  |  |  | 12,233 |
Total loans payable |  | $ | 15,144 |  |  | $ | 12,453 |

SIF liability
On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with the Strategic Innovation Fund (“SIF”), whereby SIF agreed to make a repayable contribution to the Company of up to C$40.0 million (“the Contribution”). Funds from the loan are to be used for projects involving the adaption of research findings for commercial applications that have the potential for market disruption; development of current product and services through the implementation of new or incremental technology that will enhance the Company’s competitive capability; and development of process improvements which reduce the environmental footprint of current production through the use of new or improved technologies.
The annual repayment of the Contribution is calculated based upon a formula using the Company’s fiscal year revenue multiplied by a repayment rate. The contractual repayment period is 15 years and commences in the first year in which the Company reports annual revenue of $70.0 million (the “Benchmark Year”). In each of those years, an annual repayment amount is due. Each annual repayment must be paid by April 30 of the year following the year for which the annual repayment due will be calculated. If the Benchmark Year is not achieved within 14 years following the fiscal year in which the project is completed, the SIF loan is forgiven. The SIF loan is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently at amortized cost. As the SIF contribution is interest free, the
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difference between the carrying value and initial fair value is recorded as government assistance on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
The initial fair value of the SIF loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis for the loan, which requires a number of assumptions. The significant assumptions used in determining the discounted cash flows include estimating the amount and timing of future revenue for the Company and the appropriate discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rates, the Company considered the weighted average cost of capital for the Company, risk adjusted based on the development risks of the Company’s product. Management used a discount rate of 26% to discount the SIF loan. Should projected revenue not be achieved as predicted, the adjustment to the fair value of the SIF loan could be material. At September 30, 2022, the carrying value of the loan approximates its fair value.
Repayments of the SIF contributions could also be triggered upon default of the agreement, or termination of the agreement, or upon a change of control that has not been approved by the Canadian government. The Canadian government approved the transaction with DPCM conditionally on May 9, 2022, with all conditions being satisfied on the closing date of the Business Combination.
Venture Loan
On March 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Venture Loan and Security Agreement (the “Venture Loan”) with PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. (“PSPIB”). Under the Venture Loan, the Company may borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions. The loan was subject to a per annum interest rate as published in the Wall Street Journal or any successor publication as the “prime rate” plus 7.25% provided that the Wall Street Journal prime rate is not less than 3.25% and if found to be less than 3.25%, such rate will be deemed to be 3.25%. The maturity date of the loan was defined as the earliest of December 31, 2022, or the closing of the Business Combination, or the date of acceleration of such loan following an event of default. As of September 30, 2022, the Company received $20.0 million recorded in loan proceeds that were recorded in current loans payable in its condensed consolidated balance sheet, $15.0 million of which was received on March 3, 2022 and $5.0 million of which was received on June 30, 2022. All obligations under The Venture Loan, related accrued interest, and the final payment fee totaling $21.8 million was repaid upon the completion of the Business Combination on August 5, 2022.

8. | Warrant liabilities

In conjunction with the Business Combination, the Company assumed 10,000,000 DPCM public warrants and 8,000,000 DPCM private warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 79,102 DPCM public warrants were exercised resulting in the Company receiving proceeds of $0.9 million for the issuance of 115,025
D-Wave
Quantum shares of common stock (underlying shares were converted using the conversion ratio of 1.4541326 as per the Transaction Agreement).
As of September 30, 2022, the Company has 17,920,898 Warrants outstanding. As part of the Business Combination, as described in Note 3 -
Business Combination
, each DPCM Public Warrant and Private Warrant that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination was automatically and irrevocably converted into one
D-Wave
Quantum warrant. The Warrants are subject to the terms and conditions of the warrant agreement entered into between DPCM, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (the “Warrant Agreement Amendment” as specified in the Transaction Agreement).
Each such Warrant will be exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 for 1.4541326 Common Shares, or an approximate exercise price per Common Share of $7.91, subject to adjustments. The Warrants may be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Warrants. The Warrants will expire on August 5, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
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The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are
non-redeemable
so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

| • |  | in whole and not in part;

| • |  | at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common Share;

| • |  | if, and only if, the last reported sales price of the shares of the Common Shares for any twenty (20) trading days within the thirty (30) trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is given equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like) (the “Reference Value”);

| • |  | if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like), the Private Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

| • |  | if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of the Common Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.
For details of the
D-Wave
Systems legacy warrants, classified as equity, refer to Note 11—
Commitments and contingencies.

9. | Promissory note - related party

On February 28, 2022, an affiliate of DPCM entered into an unsecured promissory note of up to $1,000,000 with the Sponsor (the “Affiliate Note”). The purpose of the Affiliate Note was to provide DPCM with additional working capital. All amounts drawn on the Affiliate Note were provided directly to DPCM. The Affiliate Note is not convertible and bears no interest. The principal balance of the Affiliate Note was originally due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which DPCM consummates its initial business combination, or the date that the winding up of DPCM is effective. As of September 30, 2022, a total of $200,000 has been drawn on the Affiliate Note.
In connection with the Business Combination, the Affiliate Note was assumed by the Company and was amended and restated effective September 30, 2022. The amended and restated note has identical terms as
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the Affiliate Note except that the Company must pay the principal balance in three equal installments on December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023.
On April 13, 2022, DPCM entered into an unsecured promissory note of up to $1,000,000 with the Sponsor (the “DPCM Note”). The purpose of the DPCM Note was to provide DPCM with additional working capital. All amounts drawn on the DPCM Note were provided directly to DPCM. The DPCM Note is not convertible and bears no interest. The principal balance of the DPCM Note was originally due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which DPCM consummates its initial business combination, or the date that the winding up of DPCM is effective. As of September 30, 2022, a total of $220,000 has been drawn on the DPCM Note.
In connection with the Business Combination, the DPCM Note was assumed by the Company and was amended and restated effective September 30, 2022. The amended and restated note has identical terms as the Affiliate Note except that the Company must pay the principal balance in three equal installments on December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023.
The executions of the amended and restated Affiliate Note and the amended and restated DPCM Note are related party transactions as these notes are payable to affiliates of the Company.

10. | Stock-based compensation

Equity Plans
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
In April 2020, the Board of Directors of
D-Wave
Systems approved the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) which provides for the grant of qualified incentive stock options (“ISO”) and nonqualified stock options (“NSO”), restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSU”) or other awards to the Company’s employees, officers, directors, advisors, and outside consultants. After the closing of the Business Combination effective August 5, 2022, no additional awards were issued under the 2020 Plan. Awards outstanding under the 2020 Plan will continue to be governed by such plan; however, the Company will not grant any further awards under the 2020 Plan. Stock options granted under the 2020 Plan will be converted applying the Conversion Ratio to the underlying common stock at the exercise date.
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
In connection with the Business Combination (Note 3), the shareholders approved the
D-Wave
Quantum Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) on August 5, 2022, which became effective immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination. The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of ISOs, NSOs, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards (“RSA”), restricted stock unit awards, performance awards and other forms of awards to employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of Company’s affiliates. The aggregate number of Common Shares reserved for future issuance under the 2022 Plan is 16,965,849 shares as of September 30, 2022. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan will automatically increase on January 1st of each year for a period of nine years commencing on January 1, 2023 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2032, in an amount equal to 5% of the fully-diluted Common Shares outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year; provided, however, that the Board of Directors of the Company may act prior to January 1st of a given year to provide that the increase for such year will be a lesser number of Common Shares.
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Stock option valuation
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires estimates of highly subjective assumptions, which affect the fair value of each stock option.

| • |  | Risk-Free Interest Rate . The Company estimates its risk-free interest rate by using the yield on actively traded non-inflation-indexed U.S. treasury securities with contract maturities equal to the expected term.

| • |  | Expected Term . The expected term of the Company’s options represents the period that the stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company has estimated the expected term of its employee awards using the SAB Topic 14 Simplified Method allowed by the FASB and SEC, for calculating expected term as it has limited historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate expected term. Certain of the Company’s options began vesting prior to the grant date, in which case the Company uses the remaining vesting term at the grant date in the expected term calculation.

| • |  | Expected Volatility . As the Company was privately held and there was no public market for its common stock prior to the Business Combination, the expected volatility is based on the average historical stock price volatility of comparable publicly-traded companies in its industry peer group, financial, and market capitalization data.

| • |  | Expected Dividend Yield . The Company has not declared or paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends. As such, the dividend yield has been estimated to be zero.

| • |  | Fair Value of Underlying Common Stock . Because the Company’s common stock was not yet publicly traded on the date of the grant, the Company must estimate the fair value of common stock prior to the Business Combination. The Board of Directors considers numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of the Company’s common stock at each meeting in which awards are approved. The factors considered include, but are not limited to: (i) the results of contemporaneous independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock; (ii) the prices, rights, preferences, and privileges of the D-Wave Systems’ previously convertible redeemable preferred stock relative to those of its common stock; (iii) the lack of marketability of the Company’s common stock; (iv) actual operating and financial results; (v) current business conditions and projections; (vi) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or sale of the Company, given prevailing market conditions; and (vii) precedent transactions involving the Company’s shares.

There were 1,500,081 stock options granted under the 2022 Plan and 4,341,966 stock options granted under the 2020 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expected volatility |  |  | 70.6 | % |  |  | 56.3 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 6.1 |  |  |  | 6.1 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |  | 0.9 | %

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Common stock option activity
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

|  | Number of options outstanding |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term (years) |  |  | Aggregate intrinsic value ($) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | 16,336,134 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  |  | 8.55 |  |  | $ | 80,179 |
Granted |  |  | 1,500,081 |  |  |  | 10.07 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (174,378 | ) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  |  | (944,087 | ) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  |  | (28,981 | ) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 |  |  | 16,688,769 |  |  | $ | 1.64 |  |  |  | 6.96 |  |  | $ | 74,546 |
Exercisable as of September 30, 2022 |  |  | 12,128,516 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | $ | 59,344 |

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s common stock.
The weighted average grant date fair values per share of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $3.1. The weighted average grant date fair values per share of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $0.36.
The total fair values of the stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $6,564,103 and $812,329 respectively.
Common stock warrants
On April 14, 2022, 617,972 common stock warrants of
D-Wave
Systems with an exercise price of $1.75 expired. As of September 30, 2022 there are no common stock warrants outstanding.
Preferred stock warrants
The Company did not record any movements during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
As of September 30, 2022, the following preferred stock warrants of
D-Wave
Systems were outstanding and exercisable:

|  | Number of warrants outstanding |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Expiry Date |  |  | Number exercisable |
|  |  | 3,247,637 |  |  | $ | 1.92 |  |  |  | 29-Nov-26 |  |  |  | 1,299,055 |
Total, September 30, 2022 |  |  | 3,247,637 |  |  | $ | 1.92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,299,055 |

As a result of the Business Combination and as per the Transaction Agreement, the preferred stock warrants of
D-Wave
Systems noted above are exercisable for up to 2,889,282 Common Shares, which amount is equal to the number of warrants multiplied by the Conversion Ratio (see Note 11).
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Stock-based compensation
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Research and development |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 63 |
General and administrative |  |  | 1,640 |  |  |  | 105 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 57 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 2,027 |  |  | $ | 225 |

|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Research and development |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 150 |
General and administrative |  |  | 2,909 |  |  |  | 278 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 127 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 3,695 |  |  | $ | 555 |

11. | Commitments and contingencies

D-Wave
Systems Warrant Transaction Agreements
In November 2020, contemporaneously with a revenue arrangement,
D-Wave
Systems entered into a contract, pursuant to which
D-Wave
Systems agreed to issue to a customer a warrant to acquire up to 3,247,637 shares of its Class A Preferred Shares (the “ Warrant Preferred Shares”), subject to certain vesting requirements. As the warrant was issued in connection with an existing commercial agreement with a customer, the value of the warrant was determined to be consideration payable to the customer and consequently will be treated as a reduction to revenue recognized under the corresponding revenue arrangement. Approximately 40% of the Warrant Preferred Shares vested and became immediately exercisable on August 13, 2020. The remaining Warrant Preferred Shares will vest and become exercisable upon satisfaction of certain milestones based on revenue generated under the commercial agreement with the customer, to the extent certain prepayments are made by the customer.
As of September 30, 2022, these revenue-based milestones have yet to be met. The fair value of the Warrant Preferred Shares at the date of issuance was determined to be $1.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, no Warrant Preferred Shares were vested or probable of vesting.
As a result of the Business Combination and as per the Transaction Agreement, the Warrant Preferred Shares noted above, are exercisable for up to 2,889,282 Common Shares, which amount is equal to the number of warrants multiplied by the Conversion Ratio. The
D-Wave
Systems Warrants Shares were purchased at a purchase price of approximately $2.16 per
D-Wave
Systems Warrant.
The Company estimated the fair value of
D-Wave
Systems Warrant Shares on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires estimates of highly subjective assumptions, which affect the fair value of each warrant. The estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock was based on the common stock offering price due to its proximity to the grant date of the Warrant Shares. The estimated term is based on the contractual life of the Warrant Shares. The remaining assumptions were developed consistent with the methodologies described further in Note 12 -
Share Based Compensation
.
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Lease obligation
In November 2021, the Company amended a building lease to extend the term by ten years and six months through December 31, 2033. The lease amendment constituted a modification as it extended the original lease term and required evaluation of the remeasurement of the lease liability and corresponding
right-of-use
asset. The reassessment resulted in the Company continuing to classify the lease as an operating lease and remeasurement of the lease liability on the basis of the extended lease term. The total
right-of-use
asset recorded in association with the lease extension was $6.8 million with a corresponding operating lease liability.
In September 2022, the Company amended a building lease to extend the term by twelve months through June 30, 2024. The lease amendment constituted a modification as it extended the original lease term and required evaluation of the remeasurement of the lease liability and corresponding
right-of-use
asset. The reassessment resulted in the Company continuing to classify the lease as an operating lease and remeasurement of the lease liability on the basis of the extended lease term. The total
right-of-use
asset recorded in association with the lease extension was $0.2 million with a corresponding operating lease liability.
Financing of Directors and Officers Insurance
In conjunction with the Business Combination, the Company entered into a Directors and Officers insurance policy on August 5, 2022 with a total premium, taxes and fees totaling $2.8 million. The insurance may cover certain liabilities arising from the Company’s obligation to indemnify its directors and certain of its officers and employees, and former officers, directors, and employees of acquired companies, in certain circumstances. Under the terms of the insurance financing, payments of $289,777, which include interest at the rate of 4.24% per annum, are due each month for nine months commencing on September 5, 2022. The total outstanding due to Woodruff Sawyer as of September 30, 2022 was $2.0 million.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims.
In the normal course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify third parties with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that the Company’s products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these indemnification obligations due to the Company’s limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim.
As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company has not been subject to any material litigation or pending litigation claims.

12. | Net loss per share

As a result of the Business Combination (see Note 3), the Company has retroactively adjusted the weighted average shares outstanding prior to August 5, 2022 to give effect to the Conversion Ratio used to determine the number of Common Shares into which they were converted.
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The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

|  | For the three months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted |  | $ | (13,053 | ) |  | $ | (4,209 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common stock outstanding |  |  | 116,256,805 |  |  |  | 125,362,390 |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | (0.03 | )

|  | For the nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted |  | $ | (37,868 | ) |  | $ | (17,705 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common stock outstanding |  |  | 122,337,727 |  |  |  | 125,331,065 |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.31 | ) |  | $ | (0.14 | )

As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities were stock options, the Warrant Shares, and the Public Warrants and Private Warrants.
Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

|  | As of September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8) |  |  | 14,426,301 |  |  |  | — |
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8) |  |  | 11,633,060 |  |  |  | — |
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 11) |  |  | 2,889,282 |  |  |  | 2,889,282 |
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares |  |  | 14,847,108 |  |  |  | 14,608,809 |
Total |  |  | 43,795,751 |  |  |  | 17,498,091 |

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13. | Geographic areas

The following table presents a summary of revenue by geography for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

|  | Three months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
United States |  | $ | 951 |  |  | $ | 784 |
Japan |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 304 |
Germany |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 70 |
Other |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 149 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,307 |

|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
United States |  | $ | 2,461 |  |  | $ | 2,100 |
Japan |  |  | 1,008 |  |  |  | 1,197 |
Germany |  |  | 757 |  |  |  | 197 |
Other |  |  | 552 |  |  |  | 359 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 3,853 |

Other includes Europe, the Middle East, Africa (EMEA) and Asia, Canada and Australia. The Company has not had any sales in China, Russia or Ukraine.
The following table sets forth the long-lived assets, consisting of property and plant, net, and operating lease
right-of-use
assets, by geographic area as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Canada |  | $ | 10,106 |  |  | $ | 11,251 |
United States |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | 576 |
Total long-lived assets |  | $ | 10,603 |  |  | $ | 11,827 |

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in Canada and in the United States.
Significant customers
The Company had significant customers during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. A significant customer is defined as one that comprises up to ten percent or more of total revenues in a particular year or ten percent of outstanding accounts receivable balance as of the year end.
The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

|  | Three months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Customer A |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 15 | %
Customer B |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Customer C |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | — | %

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|  | Nine months ended September 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Customer A |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 13 | %
Customer B |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 12 | %

As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no significant customers that comprised ten percent or more of outstanding accounts receivable balances.
All revenues derived from major customers above are included in the United States and Germany during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and the United States and Japan during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021.

14. | Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated all events occurring through November 10, 2022, the date on which the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. The Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the ones described below.
Subsequent to the period ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 764,796 common shares related to the exercise of stock options for proceeds of $696,000.
On October 13, 2022 and October 27, 2022, the Company granted 4,496,833 and 3,578,590 Restricted Stock Units to certain of its employees, respectively.
On October 27, 2022, the Company granted 167,605 Restricted Stock Units to certain members of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”).
On October 26, 2022, a registration statement in respect to the resale of up to $150.0 million Common Shares under the ELOC (see Note 2) became effective, enabling the Company to commence making sales pursuant to the ELOC.
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Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
D-Wave
Systems Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
D-Wave
Systems Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recurring losses from operations and cash outflows from operating activities that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 1400, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806
“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership.
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Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
March 15, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.
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Table of Contents
D-Wave
Systems Inc.
Consolidated balance sheets

|  | December 31, |
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 9,483 |  |  | $ | 21,335 |
Trade accounts receivable, net |  |  | 421 |  |  |  | 590 |
Research incentives receivable |  |  | 4,774 |  |  |  | 15,585 |
Inventories |  |  | 2,114 |  |  |  | 2,521 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 1,116 |  |  |  | 1,253 |
Deferred offering costs |  |  | 1,250 |  |  |  | — |
Total current assets |  | $ | 19,158 |  |  | $ | 41,284 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 3,249 |  |  |  | 2,894 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 8,578 |  |  |  | 2,948 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 272 |  |  |  | 148 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 187 |
Total assets |  | $ | 32,610 |  |  | $ | 47,461 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts payable |  |  | 2,109 |  |  |  | 2,176 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 3,614 |  |  |  | 3,183 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,687 |  |  |  | 1,544 |
Loans payable, net, current |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 355 |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 2,665 |  |  |  | 4,713 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 10,295 |  |  |  | 11,971 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 6,990 |  |  |  | 1,440 |
Loans payable, noncurrent |  |  | 12,233 |  |  |  | 1,321 |
Deferred revenue, net, noncurrent |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | — |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 29,590 |  |  | $ | 14,732 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock, no par value; un limited number of shares authorized as of December 31, 2021 and 2020; 137,765,828 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. |  |  | 189,881 |  |  |  | 189,881 |
Common stock, no par value; unli mited number of shares authorized; 3,166,949 and 3,061,746 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. |  |  | 2,610 |  |  |  | 2,492 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 146,240 |  |  |  | 144,537 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (325,268 | ) |  |  | (293,723 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (10,443 | ) |  |  | (10,458 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 3,020 |  |  | $ | 32,729 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 32,610 |  |  | $ | 47,461 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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D-Wave
Systems Inc.
Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss

|  | Year ended December 31, |
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenue |  |  | 6,279 |  |  |  | 5,160 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,750 |  |  |  | 915 |
Gross profit |  |  | 4,529 |  |  |  | 4,245 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development, net |  |  | 25,401 |  |  |  | 20,411 |
General and administrative |  |  | 11,897 |  |  |  | 11,587 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 6,179 |  |  |  | 3,714 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 43,477 |  |  |  | 35,712 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (38,948 | ) |  |  | (31,467 | )
Other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (1,728 | ) |  |  | (5,257 | )
Government assistance |  |  | 7,167 |  |  |  | 12,027 |
Gain on debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,873 |
Gain on settlement of warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,836 |
Gain on investment in marketable securities |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | — |
Other income, net |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | 2,969 |
Total other income, net |  |  | 7,403 |  |  |  | 21,448 |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | )
Weighted-average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted |  |  | 111,911,127 |  |  |  | 121,358,898 |
Comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (82 | )
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (31,530 | ) |  | $ | (10,101 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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D-Wave
Systems Inc.
Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity

|  | Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  |  | Common shares |  |  | Additional Paid-in capital |  |  | Accumulated deficit |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity |
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data) |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balances at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 135,012,939 |  |  | $ | 152,091 |  |  |  | 15,220,212 |  |  | $ | 16,337 |  |  | $ | 21,784 |  |  | $ | (283,704 | ) |  | $ | (10,376 | ) |  | $ | (103,868 | )
D-Wave exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,250 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
D-Wave stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 269 |
D-Wave issuance of preferred stock pursuant to exercise of warrants |  |  | 313,159 |  |  |  | 818 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 818 |
D-Wave share issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (110 | )
D-Wave stock exchanged on transaction (See Note 2) |  |  | (135,326,098 | ) |  |  | (152,799 | ) |  |  | (15,231,462 | ) |  |  | (16,347 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (169,140 | )
DWSI Common Stock issued on D-Wave common stock conversion (see Note 2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,060,746 |  |  |  | 2,491 |  |  |  | 5,966 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,450 |
DWSI Class A Preferred Stock issued on D-Wave preferred stock conversion (See Note 2) |  |  | 27,065,220 |  |  |  | 47,336 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 113,354 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 160,690 |
DWSI Class B Preferred Stock issued for cash (See Note 2) |  |  | 53,958,748 |  |  |  | 43,679 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43,679 |
DWSI Class B Preferred Stock issued on D-Wave convertible debt transfer (see Note 2) |  |  | 56,741,860 |  |  |  | 99,298 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 99,298 |
DWSI share issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (432 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (432 | )
DWSI fair value of warrants issued for services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 450 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 450 |
DWSI exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
DWSI stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,720 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,720 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (82 | )
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,019 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,019 | )
Balances at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  |  | 189,881 |  |  |  | 3,061,746 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | $ | 144,537 |  |  | $ | (293,723 | ) |  | $ | (10,458 | ) |  | $ | 32,729 |
D-Wave exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 105,203 |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 82 |
D-Wave stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,739 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,739 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (31,545 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (31,545 | )
Balances at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  | $ | 189,881 |  |  |  | 3,166,949 |  |  | $ | 2,610 |  |  | $ | 146,240 |  |  | $ | (325,268 | ) |  | $ | (10,443 | ) |  | $ | 3,021 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
D-Wave
Systems Inc.
Consolidated statements of cash flows

|  | Year ended December 31, |
(In thousands of U.S. dollars) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,534 |  |  |  | 1,886 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 1,739 |  |  |  | 2,989 |
Amortization of operating right of use assets |  |  | 1,068 |  |  |  | 840 |
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 246 |
Non-cash interest expense on convertible debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,095 |
Non-cash interest expense on government assistance |  |  | 1,722 |  |  |  | 137 |
Gain on settlement of warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,836 | )
Gain on investments in marketable securities |  |  | (1,163 | ) |  |  | — |
Gain on debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,873 | )
Interest benefit on debt |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | — |
Government assistance |  |  | (7,140 | ) |  |  | (12,027 | )
Fair value of warrants issued for services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 451 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | 201 |
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain) |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (287 | )
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 8,002 |
Research incentive receivable |  |  | 2,236 |  |  |  | (9,053 | )
Inventories |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | (652 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (1,012 | ) |  |  | (16 | )
Trade accounts payable |  |  | (379 | ) |  |  | 1,279 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 578 |  |  |  | (5,579 | )
Deferred revenue |  |  | (1,902 | ) |  |  | (335 | )
Operating lease liability |  |  | (1,031 | ) |  |  | (736 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (34,800 | ) |  |  | (29,287 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | (1,774 | ) |  |  | (736 | )
Purchase of software |  |  | (225 | ) |  |  | (53 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (1,999 | ) |  |  | (789 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock for cash |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,679 |
Proceeds from government assistance |  |  | 25,147 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from debt financing |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | — |
Share issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (542 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 5 |
Debt payment |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | — |
Government loan payment |  |  | (399 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 24,913 |  |  |  | 43,144 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (13 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (11,852 | ) |  |  | 13,055 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | $ | 21,335 |  |  | $ | 8,280 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 9,483 |  |  | $ | 21,335 |
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financial activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations |  | $ | 11,870 |  |  | $ | 4,932 |
Acquisition of property and equipment included in account receivable and payable |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (79 | )
Cash payments included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 1,573 |  |  | $ | 1,474 |
Unpaid deferred costs |  | $ | 1,142 |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
D-Wave
Systems Inc.
Notes to consolidated financial statements

1. | Description of business

D-Wave
Systems Inc.
(“D-Wave”
or the “Company”), previously DWSI Holdings Inc. (“DWSI”) is a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and
web-based
access to its superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through its cloud service, Leap
TM
. Historically, the Company has developed its own annealing superconducting quantum computer systems and associated software and its current-generation quantum system is the
D-Wave
Advantage
TM
. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company initiated the development of a gate-model quantum computing system.
References to the “Company” herein for the periods before April 14, 2020, shall be to
D-Wave
Inc., a federally incorporated corporation (“Old
D-Wave”)
and its subsidiaries, collectively. References to the “Company” from April 14, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (inclusive) shall be to DWSI and its subsidiaries, collectively. References to the “Company” herein for the periods including and after January 1, 2021, shall be to
D-Wave
Systems Inc. and its subsidiaries, collectively.
D-Wave
is a British Columbia corporation headquartered in Burnaby, British Columbia.
On February 7, 2022, DPCM Capital Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “SPAC” or “DPCM”), and
D-Wave
entered into a definitive Transaction Agreement by and among DPCM,
D-Wave,
D-Wave
Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of SPAC (the “Issuer”), DWSI Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer (“Merger Sub”) and a separate entity from the former DWSI, DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer (“CallCo”),
D-Wave
Quantum Technologies Inc., a British Columbia corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CallCo, pursuant to which, among other things: a) Merger Sub will merge with and into DPCM, with DPCM surviving as a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Issuer, and
b) D-Wave
will become an indirect subsidiary of the Issuer (the “Merger”).
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s revenue was derived primarily from customers located in the United States, Japan, and Germany.

2. | Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies

The Company has prepared the accompanying financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Liquidity and going concern
The Company has prepared its consolidated financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $325.3 million and $293.7 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of $31.5 million and $10.0 million, respectively and had net cash outflows from operations of $34.8 million and $29.3 million, respectively. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows from operations as it continues to expand its commercial operations and research and development programs.
Duri
n
g
the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company secured $25.1 million in additional financing through an arrangement with the Strategic Innovation Fund (“SIF”) to receive up to C$40 million in
repayable
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contributions. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had received $25.1 million (C$32 million) from SIF. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $9.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $8.9 million of working capital.
As further discussed in Note 1 –
Description of the business
, on February 7, 2022, the Company entered into a Transaction Agreement with DPCM. In addition to the cash resources that will be made available through the Merger, the Company anticipated $40.0 million in additional financing will be made available to the Company through a Private Investment in Public Equity (“PIPE”) offering. There can be no assurance that the Merger and the PIPE offering will be completed as currently contemplated, or at all.
As further discussed in Note 17 –
Subsequent events,
on March 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Venture Loan and Security Agreement (the “Venture Loan Agreement”) with PSPIB Investments II Inc. (“PSPIB”), as the lender. Under the Venture Loan Agreement, term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million have become available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions. The maturity date of these term loans is the earliest of December 31, 2022, or the closing of the Merger.
To the extent additional capital is not obtained through the Merger and PIPE offering, or through the cash received in connection with the Merger, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the sale of debt or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The sale of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to currently outstanding shares. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, operations may be scaled back or discontinued. These conditions give rise to material uncertainties that may cast substantial doubt on the ability of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments could be material.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
Transaction between entities under common control
In April 2020, DWSI was formed with the primary objective of facilitating additional financing from existing shareholders and additional investors.
Old
D-Wave,
certain shareholders holding more than 75% of the equity securities, all the holders of the convertible notes of Old
D-Wave
and certain parties who wished to provide equity financing to the Company executed a Recapitalization Agreement (the “Transaction”) whereby DWSI was formed. In order to facilitate the additional financing all outstanding warrants, common stock, preferred stock and convertible notes of Old
D-Wave
were converted or assigned to DWSI for newly issued preferred and common stock of the Company.
The
Company was able to achieve this additional financing in April 2020 through the issuance of DWSI’s Class B Preferred Stock. DWSI issued 11,787,320 Class B1 Preferred Stock, 13,142,857 Class B2 Preferred Stock and
29,000,000
Class B
3
Preferred Stock for $
43.6
million of proceeds. The DWSI newly non-redeemable convertible preferred stock issue price was $
1.75
per share for Class B1 and Class B2 Preferred Stock and $
0.00001
for Class B
3
Preferred Stock.
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The Transaction was recorded as a transaction between entities under common control that led to a change in the reporting entity. In the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the assets and the liabilities and relating operations of the transferring entity (Old
D-Wave)
are retrospectively presented at their carrying amounts without change in the basis for all periods during which Old
D-Wave
was under common control. The share capital as well as the share and per share information included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the share capital of the Company after the Transaction. Differences in the par value of the common stock between the transferring and the receiving entity were reflected by adjustments to the non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and additional
paid-in
capital.
Amalgamation of Old
D-Wave
and DWSI
In order to simplify the corporate structure of DWSI Holdings Inc. and to reduce administrative costs, effective January 1, 2021, the Company completed a vertical short-form amalgamation pursuant to the British Columbia
Business Corporations Act
with its previously wholly owned subsidiary, Old
D-Wave.
Pursuant to the amalgamation, all of the issued and outstanding equity securities of Old
D-Wave
were cancelled, and the assets and liabilities of Old
D-Wave
were assumed by the Company. Immediately after the amalgamation, DWSI Holdings Inc. changed its name to
D-Wave
Systems Inc. No additional equity securities were issued in connection with the amalgamation and the share capital of the Company remained unchanged.
The amalgamation did not have a significant effect on the business and operations of
D-Wave.
COVID-19
pandemic
The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties relating to the ongoing outbreak of the novel strain of
coronavirus (“COVID-19”),
which the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in March 2020.
The COVID-19
pandemic has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions,
quarantines, shelter-in-place
orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. Work-from-home and other measures have introduced additional operational risks, including cybersecurity risks, and may adversely affect the way the Company and its third-party partners operate. The extent to which
the COVID-19
pandemic impacts the Company’s workforce, business, financial condition, and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are impacted for an extended period, the Company’s results may be materially adversely affected. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company’s business, results of operation and financial condition was not significantly impacted due to the effects of
COVID-19.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.
The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to
COVID-19
and the change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.
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Deferred Offering Costs
Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting and consulting fees incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the Merger mentioned in Note 1 –
Description of the business
and that will be charged to shareholder’s equity upon the completion of the Merger mentioned in Note 1. Should the Merger prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged to operations. As of December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $1.2 million in transaction costs in deferred offering costs in its consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2020, no transaction costs were accrued.
Operating segment
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for allocating and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating and reportable segment (See Note 16 -
Geographic areas
).
Foreign currency translation and transactions
The Company’s reporting currency is the US dollar. Generally, the functional and reporting currency of its international subsidiaries is the currency of their primary economic environment. Accordingly, all foreign balance sheet accounts have been translated into the U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange at the respective balance sheet date. Components of the consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss have been translated at the average exchange rate for the year or the corresponding period. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains or losses arising from currency exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the local functional currency are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded $608,000 and $623,000 in foreign currency transaction gains, respectively, in other income in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive loss. The Company’s other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments that result from consolidation of its foreign entities.
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Cash and cash equivalents
The
Company’s cash and cash equivalents consists of money held in demand depositary accounts and highly liquid investments, including commercial papers with original maturities of three months or less at the date of the purchase. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents was $9.5 million and $21.3
million as of December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively, which approximates fair value and was determined based
upon
Level 1 inputs. The Company’s short-term investments, including commercial papers included in cash equivalents are carried at fair market value based on market quotes and other observable inputs (Level 2 inputs). The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets to the totals presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash |  | $ | 9,483 |  |  | $ | 10,272 |
Cash equivalents - commercial papers |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,063 |
Total cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 9,483 |  |  | $ | 21,335 |

Trade accounts receivable, net
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company periodically reviews the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company’s customers’ respective financial conditions, the amounts of receivables in dispute and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. To the extent identified, account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. To date, the Company’s customers have proven to be credit worthy. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company did not recognize any material write-offs and has
not
recorded activity for its allowance for doubtful accounts.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, using the weighted average cost method, or net realizable value. Inventory that is obsolete or in excess of forecasted usage is written down to its estimated net realizable value based on the assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory write-downs are charged to cost of revenue and establish a new cost basis for the inventory. Inventories include raw materials, which consist of parts and supplies used in the Company’s manufacturing process and research and development activities as well as service parts for the Company’s quantum computer systems,
work-in-process
and finished
goods.
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Property and equipment, net
Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable property, or for leasehold improvements, the remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Costs for capital assets not yet placed into service are capitalized as
construction-in-progress
and depreciated once placed into service.
The Company’s estimated useful lives of its property and equipment are as follows:

|  | Estimated Useful Lives
Quantum computer systems |  | 5 years
Lab equipment |  | 5 years
Computer equipment |  | 3 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of expected lease term or estimated useful life

Upon sale or retirement of the assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for general maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Intangible assets, net
The Company’s intangible assets consist of acquired computer software, including
off-the-shelf
software applications as well as costs associated with systems’ implementations. Computer software is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment.
Off-the-shelf
software is amortized on a straight-line basis over three years while the costs of implementing systems are amortized over the initial licence term. Annual licence fees for
off-the-shelf
software are expensed as incurred.
Internally developed software
Costs related to the formulation and design of internally developed software are expensed as incurred to research and development.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and other long-term assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the underlying asset exceeds its fair value.
The Company did not record any impairment loss on long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Fair value of financial instruments
Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under US GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs
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and minimize
the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

| • |  | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

| • |  | Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

| • |  | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.
The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values (Level 1).
The
Co
mpany carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company estimates the fair value of its securities denominated in Canadian dollars to be C$10.2 million for both periods presented, and its securities denominated in United States dollars to be $1.2 million and $279,000, respectively. The carrying value of its securities as of December 31, 2021, and 2020 was $1.2 million and $5,000, respectively and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Credit risk
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with major and reputable financial institutions. Deposits held with the financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided by the Canadian Deposit Insurance Corporation on such deposits but may be redeemed upon demand. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions. With respect to accounts receivable, the Company monitors the credit quality of its customers as well as maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments.
Concentration risk
Agreements which potentially subject the Company to concentration risk consist principally of three customer agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2021, 15% of the Company’s total revenue was earned from a single customer, 13% was earned from a second customer and 12% was earned from a third customer. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 22% of the Company’s total revenue was earned from a single customer, 17% was earned from a second customer and 10% was earned from a third customer.
Foreign currency risk
The Company’s customers are located in the United States, Japan, Europe, Canada and other locations; therefore, foreign exchange risk exposures arise from transactions denominated in currencies other than the
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functional
and reporting currency (United States dollars). To date, a majority of the Company’s sales have been denominated in United States dollars and a significant portion of the Company’s operating expenses are denominated in Canadian dollars. The Company also purchases certain of its key manufacturing inputs in Euros. As the Company expands its presence in international markets, the Company’s results of operations and cash flows may increasingly be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, the Company has not entered into any hedging arrangements to minimize the impact of these fluctuations in the exchange rates. The Company will reassess its approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.
The Company does not believe that foreign currency risk had a material effect on its business, financial condition, or result of operations during the periods presented.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation had a significant impact on our results of operations for any periods presented in our consolidated financial statements. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs, and our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Leases
The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) as of January 1, 2018. ASC 842 was adopted using the modified retrospective transition approach, with no restatement of prior periods or cumulative adjustments to
retained earnings. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package transition practical expedients, which allowed the Company to carry forward prior conclusions related to whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company chose not to elect
the use-of-hindsight to
reassess lease term. The Company also elected not to recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within the consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in the consolidated statements of operation over the lease term. The new lease accounting standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease
and non-lease components
for all leases.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease
right-of-use
(“ROU”) assets and current operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no financing lease arrangements. The Company recognizes lease expense for its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease ROU assets also include the impact of any lease incentives. Amendments to a lease are assessed to determine if it represents a lease modification or a separate contract. Lease modifications are reassessed as of the effective date of the modification using an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date. For modified leases, the Company also reassesses the lease classification as of the effective date of the modification.
The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rate implicit in the Company’s leases is not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is
located.
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The Company’s lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option in the measurement of its ROU assets and liabilities. The Company considers contractual-based factors such as the nature and terms of the renewal or termination, asset-based factors such as physical location of the asset and entity-based factors such as the importance of the leased asset to the Company’s operations to determine the lease term. The Company generally uses the
base, non-cancelable, lease
term when determining the ROU assets and lease liabilities. The
right-of-use
asset is tested for impairment in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.
Government assistance
US GAAP for profit-oriented entities does not define government assistance; nor is there specific guidance applicable to government assistance.
During the years ended 2021 and 2020, the Company received various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.
The Company recognizes grants and investment tax credits relating to qualifying scientific research and development expenditures as a reduction of the related eligible expenses (research and development expenses) in its consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Grants and investment tax credits are recognized in the period during which the related qualifying expenses are incurred, provided that the conditions under which the grants and investment tax credits have been met. The Company recognizes grants and investment tax credits in an amount equal to the estimated qualifying expenses incurred in each period multiplied by the applicable reimbursement percentage. Grants and investment tax credits that are recognized upon incurring qualifying expenses in advance of receipt of grant funding or proceeds from research and development incentives are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as research incentives receivable. In circumstances where the grants received relates to prior period eligible expenses, the Company recognizes them as government assistance in its consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the current period.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded Sustainable Development Technology Canada and BC Innovative Clean Energy (“SDTC”) grants of $7.6 million, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company did not record any SDTC grants during the year ended December 31, 2021.
During the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded a Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) investment tax credit of $1.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company has received government loans under funding agreements that bear interest at rates that are below market rates of interest or interest-free. The Company accounts for the imputed benefit arising from the difference between a market rate of interest and the rate of interest charged as additional grant funding, and records interest expense for the loans at a market rate of interest. On the date that loan proceeds are earned, the Company recognizes the portion of the loan proceeds allocated to grant funding as a discount to the carrying value of the loan and as other liability, which is subsequently recognized as additional government assistance upon draw down of the qualified loan amounts.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded the interest benefit on Strategic Innovation Fund (“SIF”) government loans for $7.2 million, as government assistance in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded the interest benefit on SIF and Technology Partnership of Canada (“TPC”) government loans for
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$
12.0
million, as government assistance in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. See Note 8 –
Loans payable
for further details on government loans.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Update
No. 2014-09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)
and accounts for certain contract costs in accordance with FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
340-40,
Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers
.
The standard was adopted on a full retrospective method on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company and as such there was no recorded transition adjustment. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity shall recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
To support this core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach:

| • |  | Identify the contract with the customer

| • |  | Identify the performance obligations

| • |  | Determine the transaction price

| • |  | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations

| • |  | Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

The Company generates revenue through subscription sales to access its Quantum Computing as a Service (“QCaaS”) cloud platform and from professional services related to the practical applications of quantum computing technology to solve its customers’ business challenges, to develop quantum
proofs-of-concepts,
pilot hybrid quantum applications and to put those applications into production. In addition, the Company also earns revenue from providing training regarding quantum computing systems and building related applications. In arrangements with
re-sellers
of the Company’s cloud services, the
re-seller
is considered the customer and the Company does not have any contractual relationships with the
re-sellers’
end users. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized at the amount charged to the
re-seller
and does not reflect any
mark-up
to the end user.
When the Company determines that its contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, for these arrangements, the Company allocates the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) method by comparing the SSP of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for products and services sold together in a contract to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. Standalone selling price is typically established as a range. In situations in which the stated contract price for a performance obligation is outside of the applicable standalone selling price range and has a different pattern of transfer to the customer than the other performance obligations in the contract, the Company will reallocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each. At times, the Company may sell bundled services that include professional services, QCaaS and training. For these bundled arrangements, the Company’s selling prices associated with QCaaS and training are observable, predictable and consistent. Accordingly, the Company uses the residual method under which the total transaction price and observable SSP of the QCaaS and training performance obligations are used to arrive at the estimated SSP of the professional services performance obligation.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. Revenue is recorded based on the transaction price.
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The Company’s contracts with customers may include renewals or other options at fixed prices. Determining whether such options are considered distinct performance obligations that provide the customer with a material right and therefore should be accounted for separately requires significant judgment. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each renewal option to determine whether the renewal pricing is reflective of the standalone selling price or is reflective of a discount that would provide the customer with a material right. Based on the Company’s assessment of standalone selling prices, the Company determined that there were no significant material rights provided to its customers requiring separate recognition.
The timing of revenue recognition may not align with the right to invoice the customer. The Company records accounts receivable when it has the unconditional right to issue an invoice and receive payment, regardless of whether revenue has been recognized. Deferred revenue is primarily composed of fees related to QCaaS, which are generally billed in advance and recognized as revenue over the related subscription term. Unbilled receivables relate to revenue recognized for milestones completed under professional services contracts for which the related milestone billing has not yet occurred.
In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of the right to invoice, the Company has determined that a significant financing component generally does not exist. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable way of purchasing the products and services and not to receive financing from or provide financing to the customer. Additionally, the Company has elected the practical expedient terms that permit an entity not to recognize a significant financing component if the time between the transfer of a good or service and payment is one year or less.
Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically net 30 days. The Company does not offer rights of return for its services in the normal course of business and contracts generally do not include service-type warranties that provide any incremental service to the customer beyond providing assurance that the services conform to applicable specifications or customer-specific or subjective acceptance provisions. The Company also excludes from revenue government-assessed and imposed taxes on revenue-generating activities that are invoiced to customers.
The Company has identified up to two performance obligations regularly included in arrangements involving the Leap Quantum Cloud (QCaaS) subscriptions and the D-Wave Launch professional services. The Company’s professional services are typically not coterminous with the QCaaS subscriptions. Revenue from QCaaS is recognized evenly over the contractual period, on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Professional services are recognized as they are earned based on the
cost-to-cost
method. Under the
cost-to-cost
method, revenue is recognized based on the ratio that incurred costs bear to total estimated contract costs with related cost of revenue recorded as the costs are incurred. Each month management reviews estimated contract costs through a process of aggregating actual costs incurred and estimating additional costs to completion based upon the current available information and status of the contract. The effect of any change in the estimated gross margin rate for a contract is reflected in revenues in the period in which the change is known. Provisions for the full amount of anticipated losses on contracts are made in the period in which they become determinable.
Contract assets and contract liabilities
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections may result in accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. A receivable is recorded in the period in which we provide services when we have an unconditional right to payment. Contract assets primarily relate to the value of services transferred to the customer for which the right to payment is not just dependent on the passage of time. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when rights to payment become unconditional.
A contract liability is recognized when the Company receives payment or has an unconditional right to payment in advance of the satisfaction of performance. The contract liabilities represent deferred service revenue,
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which
is recorded when we receive consideration, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring services to the customer under the terms of a contract. Deferred service revenue typically results from fees related to the Company’s QCaaS platform.
Cost to obtain and fulfilling contracts
The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to expense contract acquisition costs as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less. The Company capitalizes incremental costs incurred to fulfill its contracts that (i) relate directly to the contract, (ii) are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy the Company’s performance obligation(s) under the contract, and (iii) are expected to be recovered through revenue generated under the contract.
The Company has not identified any costs that are incremental to the acquisition of customer contracts that would be capitalized as deferred costs on the balance sheet in accordance with ASC
340-40.
Incremental costs incurred to fulfill the Company’s contracts that meet the capitalization criteria in ASC
340-40
have historically been immaterial. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized any contract fulfillment costs as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses related to delivering the Company’s services, including direct labor costs, direct services costs and depreciation and amortization related to the Company’s quantum computing systems and related software.
Research and development costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including personnel costs, stock-based compensation, employee benefits, facility costs, depreciation, manufacturing expenses and all other costs for the Company’s hardware, software and engineering personnel who design and develop the Company’s quantum computing systems and research new quantum computing technologies. Unlike a standard computer, design and development efforts continue throughout the useful life of the Company’s quantum computing systems to ensure proper calibration and optimal functionality. Research and development expenses also include purchased hardware and software costs related to quantum computing systems constructed for research purposes that are not probable of providing future economic benefit and have no alternate future use.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are primarily included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, these costs were $887,000 and $1.0 million, respectively.
Stock-based compensation
The Company measures its stock-based awards made to employees based on the estimated fair value of the awards as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest. As such, the Company’s stock-based compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the grant date and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Stock-based compensation expenses to
non-employees
as consideration for services received are measured on the date of performance at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity
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instruments
issued, using the Bl
a
ck-Scholes option-pricing model, whichever can be more reliably measured. Compensation expense for options granted to
non-employees
is remeasured each period as the underlying options
vest.
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the use of subjective assumptions, which determine the fair value of share-based awards, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, the option’s expected term, the price volatility of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.
Common stock valuations
The Company obtained third-party valuations to estimate the fair value of its common stock for purposes of measuring stock-based compensation expense. The third-party valuations were prepared using methodologies, approaches, and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) Accounting & Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation (“Practice Guide”).
In accordance with the Practice Guide, the Company considered the following methods for allocating the enterprise value across its classes of capital stock to determine the fair value of its common stock at each valuation date.

| • |  | Option Pricing Method (“OPM”). The OPM estimates the value of the common equity of D-Wave using the various inputs in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The OPM treats the rights of the holders of common stock as equivalent to that of call options on any value of the enterprise above certain break points of value based upon the liquidation preferences of the holders of D-Wave preferred stock, as well as their rights to participation, and the stock prices of the outstanding options. Thus, the value of the common stock can be determined by estimating the value of its portion of each of these call option rights. Under this method, the common stock has value only if the funds available for distribution to stockholders exceed the value of the liquidation preference at the time of a liquidity event, such as a merger or sale. Given the common stock represents a non-marketable equity interest in a private enterprise, an adjustment to the preliminary value estimates had to be made to account for the lack of liquidity that a stockholder experiences. This adjustment is commonly referred to as a discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”).

| • |  | Probability-Weighted Expected Return Method (“PWERM”). The PWERM employs additional information not used in the OPM, including various market approach calculations depending upon the likelihood of various discrete future liquidity scenarios, such as the sale of D-Wave to a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”), as well as the probability of remaining a private company. The PWERM is typically used when the range of possible future outcomes and liquidity events for an enterprise, including a business combination such as a merger of D-Wave and a SPAC, has narrowed, giving the enterprise a higher degree of confidence in the achievement of a particular outcome. As such, the PWERM can give more weight to the likely liquidity scenarios as compared to the normative distribution of the outcomes in the OPM.

For financial reporting purposes, the Company also retrospectively assessed the deemed fair value of its common stock used for calculating and recording stock-based compensation charges after considering the fair value reflected on subsequent valuation reports and other facts and circumstances on the date of grant. The Company used a linear interpolation method to estimate the fair value between valuation dates. The Company believes that the linear interpolation methodology provides the most reasonable basis for the valuation of its common stock because the Company did not identify any significant events that occurred during the intervening periods that would have caused a
material
change in fair value.
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In addition to considering the results of these third-party valuation reports, our board of directors used assumptions based on various objective and subjective factors, combined with management judgment, to determine the fair value of our common stock as of each grant date, including:

| • |  | the prices at which the Company sold shares of non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and the superior rights and preferences of the non-redeemable convertible preferred stock relative to its common stock at the time of each grant:

| • |  | external market conditions affecting the research and development industry and trends within the industry.

| • |  | the Company’s stage of development and business strategy

| • |  | the Company’s financial condition and operating results, including its levels of available capital resources, and forecasted results.

| • |  | developments in the Company’s business.

| • |  | the progress of the Company’s research and development efforts.

| • |  | equity market conditions affecting comparable public companies; and

| • |  | general market conditions and the lack of marketability of its common stock.

Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgment and assumptions that are subjective, such as those regarding the Company’s expected future revenue, expenses and future cash flows, discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact the Company’s valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of its common stock.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or in the Company’s tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect for the years in when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income taxes are classified as current or
non-current,
based on the classification of the related assets and liabilities giving rise to the temporary differences. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers factors such as past operating results and expected future taxable income within each jurisdiction in which the Company operates.
To the extent that new information becomes available, which causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of tax liabilities or valuation allowances, such changes will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. Interest and penalties, if any, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are included in income tax expense.
The Company follows the authoritative guidance under ASC 740, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions recognized in the financial statements. ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits.
Net income (loss) per share
The Company calculates earnings per share using the
two-class
method under ASC 260 Earnings Per Share.
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Basic
net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive shares assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and of convertible preferred stock.
For periods in which the Company has reported net losses, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per share, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive
.
Recently adopted accounting standards and amendments
The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company is provided the option to adopt new or revised accounting guidance as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) either (1) within the same periods as those otherwise applicable to public business entities, or (2) within the same time periods as private companies, including early adoption when permissible.
With the exception of standards, the Company elected to early adopt, when permissible, the Company has elected to adopt new or revised accounting guidance within the same time period as private companies, as indicated below.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-13,
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments, along with various updates and improvements. The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, requires the Company to measure credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized costs based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. For
available-for-sale
debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will be required to recognize credit losses through an allowance for credit losses. ASU
2016-13
is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Based on the composition of the Company’s trade receivables and other financial assets, current market conditions and historical credit loss activity, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosure.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-13,
Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement which amends the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, and adding certain disclosures. ASU
2018-13
is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the requirements of Topic 820 on January 1, 2020, with such adoption not having a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-08,
Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which requires entities to measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to a customer by applying the guidance in Topic 718. The amount recorded as a reduction in the transaction price should be based on the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment award. The ASU is effective in years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted ASU
2019-08
to account for warrants issued on January 1, 2020.
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-12, Income
Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions related to intra-period tax allocations and deferred tax accounting on outside basis differences in foreign subsidiaries and equity method investments. Additionally, it provides other simplifying measures for the accounting for income taxes. ASU
2019-12 is effective
for the
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Company in the first quarter of 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2020, the FASB issued
ASU 2020-06, Debt, Debt
with Conversion and Other Options
(Subtopic 470-20) and
Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity
(Subtopic 815-40) Accounting
for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. ASU
2020-06
simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The standard removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exception. The standard also simplifies the diluted net income per share calculation in certain areas. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the standard on the financial statements.

3. | Revenue from contracts with customers

Disaggregation of revenue
The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Type of products or services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
QCaaS |  | $ | 4,424 |  |  | $ | 4,313 |
Professional services |  |  | 1,786 |  |  |  | 426 |
Other revenue |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 421 |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 6,279 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |
Timing of revenue recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue recognized over time |  | $ | 6,090 |  |  | $ | 4,688 |
Revenue recognized at a point in time |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 472 |
Total revenue, net |  | $ | 6,279 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |

Other revenue includes printed circuit board sales.
Revenue by geographical markets is presented in Note 16 -
Geographic areas.
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Contract balances
The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Contract assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade account receivable, net |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 590 |
Unbilled receivables, which are included in ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 10 |
Total contract assets |  |  | 438 |  |  |  | 600 |
Contract liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 2,665 |  |  |  | 4,713 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | — |
Customer deposit, which are included in ‘Accrued expenses and other current liabilities’ |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |
Total contract liabilities |  |  | 2,740 |  |  |  | 4,713 |

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 4,713 |  |  | $ | 4,921 |
Deferral of revenue |  |  | 4,092 |  |  |  | 4,513 |
Recognition of deferred revenue |  |  | (6,086 | ) |  |  | (4,721 | )
Balance at the end of period |  | $ | 2,719 |  |  | $ | 4,713 |

Remaining performance obligations
A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient
in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting
the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.
As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $2.7 million. This amount included deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 98% is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.
As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $4.7 million which included deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 100% was expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.
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4. | Fair value of financial instruments

As of December 31, 2021, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value.
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicating the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

|  | Fair value measurement as of December 31, 2020, using |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,063 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,063 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

During
the years ended December 31, 2020, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3.

5. | Balance sheet details

Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 2,103 |  |  | $ | 2,516 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 5 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 2,114 |  |  | $ | 2,521 |

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Prepaid expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid software |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 469 |
Prepaid rent |  |  | 151 |  |  |  | 187 |
Prepaid commissions |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | 102 |
Prepaid services |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 179 |
Other |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 133 |
Other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Security deposits |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 173 |
Unbilled receivables |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 10 |
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | 1,253 |

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Other noncurrent assets
Other noncurrent assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Investment in securities |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Long-term deposits |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 182 |
Total other noncurrent assets |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 187 |

Accrued
expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Accrued expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued professional services |  | $ | 1,953 |  |  | $ | 1,534 |
Accrued compensation and related benefits |  |  | 1,108 |  |  |  | 1,211 |
Other accruals |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 147 |
Other current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other payroll expenses |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 291 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |
Current portion of long-term debt, net |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | — |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | 3,614 |  |  | $ | 3,183 |

6. | Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Quantum computer systems |  | $ | 13,425 |  |  | $ | 12,103 |
Lab equipment |  |  | 6,645 |  |  |  | 6,315 |
Computer equipment |  |  | 3,305 |  |  |  | 2,954 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 1,074 |  |  |  | 1,072 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 316 |
Construction-in-progress |  |  | 285 |  |  |  | 502 |
Total property and equipment |  |  | 25,050 |  |  |  | 23,262 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (21,801 | ) |  |  | (20,368 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 3,249 |  |  | $ | 2,894 |

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 was $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The Company has not acquired any property and equipment under capital
leases.
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7. | Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Capitalized software |  | $ | 1,087 |  |  | $ | 862 |
Other intangible assets |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 35 |
Total intangible assets |  |  | 1,122 |  |  |  | 897 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  |  | (850 | ) |  |  | (749 | )
Intangible assets, net |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 148 |

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $101,000 and $64,000,
respectively.

8. | Loans payable, net

As
of
December 31, 2021 and 2020, loans payable, net consisted of refundable government loans. The following table shows the component of loans payable, net (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Loans payable, beginning of year |  | $ | 13,624 |  |  | $ | 5,555 |
SIF contribution |  |  | 16,786 |  |  |  | 11,661 |
Payments |  |  | (399 | ) |  |  | — |
TPC debt forgiveness |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,873 | )
Foreign exchange (gain) loss |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  | 281 |
Loans payable, end of year |  | $ | 29,844 |  |  | $ | 13,624 |
Discount, beginning of year |  | $ | (11,948 | ) |  | $ | — |
SIF discount on additional contribution |  |  | (7,167 | ) |  |  | (11,199 | )
TPC discount on additional contribution |  |  | — |  |  |  | (748 | )
Government interest expense |  |  | 1,728 |  |  |  | 232 |
Foreign exchange (gain) loss |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (233 | )
Discount, end of year |  | $ | (17,391 | ) |  | $ | (11,948 | )
Total Loans payable, net |  | $ | 12,453 |  |  | $ | 1,676 |
Short-term portion |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 355 |
Long-term portion |  |  | 12,233 |  |  |  | 1,321 |
Total loans payable, net |  |  | 12,453 |  |  |  | 1,676 |

TPC liability
During the period from 2010 through 2021, the Company received funding totalling C$12.5 million from TPC. The obligation associated with that funding was required to be repaid on a fixed schedule due in May of each year.
On November 23, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment which forgave C$5.0 million of unpaid accrued debt principal and interest owed from 2019 through 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded the debt forgiveness of $3.9 million in gain on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
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The
amendment also waived the interest charge on the remaining C$
2.5
million of principal and revised the repayment schedule to C$
500,000
due annually on April 30, 2021, to April 30, 2025. This repayable contribution is repayable over
5
years. The initial fair value of the TPC loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis. The only significant assumption used in determining the discounted cash flow is the discount rate used by Management
of
25
%. Loans received under government funding agreements are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as loans payable.
SIF liability
On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with SIF, whereby SIF agreed to make a repayable contribution to the Company of up to C$40.0 million (“the Contribution”). Funds from the loan are to be used for projects involving the adaption of research findings for commercial applications that have the potential for market disruption; development of current product and services through the implementation of new or incremental technology that will enhance the Company’s competitive capability; and development of process improvements which reduce the environmental footprint of current production through the use of new or improved technologies.
The
annual repayment of the Contribution is calculated based upon a formula using the Company’s fiscal year revenue multiplied by a repayment rate. The contractual repayment period is 15 years and commences in the first year in which the Company reports annual revenue of $70.0 million (the “Benchmark Year”). In each of those years, an annual repayment amount is due. Each annual repayment must be paid by April 30 of the year following the year for which the annual repayment due will be calculated. If the Benchmark Year is not achieved within 14 years following the fiscal year in which the project is completed, the SIF loan is forgiven. The SIF loan is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently at amortized cost. As the SIF contribution is interest free, the difference between the carrying value and initial fair value is recorded as government assistance on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
The initial fair value of the SIF loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis for the loan, which requires a number of assumptions. The significant assumptions used in determining the discounted cash flows include estimating the amount and timing of future revenue for the Company and the discount rate. The Company’s estimates of future revenues are derived from several significant assumptions including expected success of Leap
TM
and partnerships with large scale resellers. In determining the appropriate discount rates, the Company considered the weighted average cost of capital for the Company, risk adjusted based on the development risks of the Company’s product. Management used a discount rate of 26% to discount the SIF loan. Should projected revenue not be achieved as predicted, the adjustment to the fair value of the SIF loan could be material. The original fair value of the loan and the subsequent amortized cost value is highly sensitive to timing of loan payments and discount rate. A 5% decrease in projected revenue over the term of the SIF loan may decrease the carrying value by $157,000. At December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the loan approximates its fair value.
Repayments of the SIF contributions could also be triggered upon default of the agreement, or termination of the agreement, or upon a change of control that has not been approved by the Canadian government. As of the date of these financial statements, the Company has applied for approval from the Canadian government for the transaction with DPCM and is awaiting final confirmation of approval. In the event approval is not granted, the drawn amount of the SIF loan becomes repayable.
During the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recognized $3.1 million and $11.7 million, respectively, in research incentives receivable related to approved eligible expenditure claims from SIF. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 the difference (“discount”) between the book value and initial fair value totalling $7.2 million and $12.0 million was recorded as government assistance. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the loan increased by $3.8 million due to additional SIF contributions and a change in management’s forecast of future
revenue
.
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9. | Leases

The Company leases real estate, including offices and manufacturing facilities and has entered into various other agreements with respect to assets used in conducting its business. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than 1 year to 10 years. Some of the lease agreements contain rent holidays and rent escalation clauses that were included in the calculation of the right of use of assets and lease liabilities.
The Company’s building leases are subject to annual operating cost charges that may change from time to time during the lease term. The Company’s lease liabilities are not remeasured as a result of changes to the operating costs; rather, these changes are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for the payments was incurred. The annual operating costs are a
non-lease
component of the contracts; however, the Company has elected to adopt the practical expedient whereby such costs are not separated from the lease component.
In determining the initial values of the lease obligations, the Company made a number of assumptions, including using a weighted average discount rate of 18% or 20% and using the foreign exchange rate at the date of calculation in order to translate any foreign currency balances.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded operating lease costs of $1.3 and $1.4 million, respectively. The lease costs are reflected in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as follow (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Research and development |  | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | 268 |
General and administrative |  |  | 1,057 |  |  |  | 1,158 |
Total lease costs |  | $ | 1,324 |  |  | $ | 1,426 |

The weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates for operating leases were as follows:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Weighted average remaining lease term in years |  |  | 2.89 |  |  |  | 2.39 |
Weighted average discount rate (1) |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 20 | %

| (1) | For the lease contracts denominated in Canadian dollars, the discount rate was determined on a currency-equivalent basis.

Future minimum operating lease payment under
non-cancelable
leases as of December 31, 2021, were as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31, |  | Operating leases |
2022 |  | $ | 1,687 |
2023 |  |  | 1,384 |
2024 |  |  | 1,179 |
2025 |  |  | 1,212 |
2026 |  |  | 1,245 |
Thereafter |  |  | 9,648 |
Total future minimum lease payments |  | $ | 16,355 |

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10. | Income taxes

Income tax expense
The following table presents domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands):

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Domestic |  | $ | (27,205 | ) |  | $ | (7,784 | )
International |  |  | (4,340 | ) |  |  | (2,235 | )
Net loss before income taxes |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )

Significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021, and 2020 are as follows:

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 59,916 |  |  | $ | 54,018 |
Research and development credit carryforwards |  |  | 13,675 |  |  |  | 12,003 |
Scientific research and experimental development deductions |  |  | 23,071 |  |  |  | 20,137 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 5,634 |  |  |  | 5,256 |
Convertible notes |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 1,156 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 401 |
Other accruals and reserves |  |  | 730 |  |  |  | 440 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 103,187 |  |  |  | 93,411 |
Valuation Allowance |  |  | (97,143 | ) |  |  | (89,139 | )
Total deferred tax assets, net |  | $ | 6,044 |  |  | $ | 4,272 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  | (315 | ) |  |  | — |
Loans payable |  |  | (5,729 | ) |  |  | (4,272 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (6,044 | ) |  |  | (4,272 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate, primarily due to the Company’s history of incurring losses, which have not been utilized, the foreign rate differential related to subsidiary earnings, and other permanent
differences.
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A summary reconciliation of the effective tax rate calculated at the combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory corporate tax rate is as follows:

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Federal and provincial statutory tax rate |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 27 | %
Foreign losses taxed at different rates |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Research and development credits |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | (3 | )%
Permanent differences |  |  | (2 | )% |  |  | 18 | %
Other |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 7 | %
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | (26 | )% |  |  | (50 | )%
Effective tax rate |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %

Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and the amount of which are uncertain.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company maintained a valuation allowance with respect to its subsidiaries’ net operating losses that it believes is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company will continue to reassess the valuation allowance annually and if future evidence allows for a partial or full release of the valuation allowance, a tax benefit will be recorded accordingly.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had Canadian tax losses carried forward of approximately $155.7 million that will expire between 2027 and 2041 as well as Scientific Research and Experimental Development expenditures of approximately $100.3 million that can be carried forward indefinitely, which are available to be applied against future taxable income. In addition, the Company has investment tax credits of approximately $13.5 million that will expire between 2023 and 2041 that are available to be applied against future Canadian federal income taxes payable. The Company also has US tax losses carried forward of approximately $43.9 million which may be applied against future taxable income, of which $18.4 million will expire between 2032 and 2037, while $25.5 million can be carried forward indefinitely. Future utilization of US tax losses carried forward is subject to certain limitations under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), including limitations under IRC section 382. The Company has not performed a full analysis under IRC section 382.

11. | Common stock and non-redeemable convertible preferred stock

The Company’s capital structure consists of common shares and non-redeemable convertible preferred stock.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company was authorized to issue an
unlimited
number of common stock with no par value. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders.
As
of December 31, 2021 and 2020 the Company had 3,166,948 and 3,061,745 shares issued and outstanding,
respectively.
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The Company’s non-redeemable convertible preferred shares as of December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands, except share and per share data):

Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  | Shares authorized |  |  | Shares issued and Outstanding |  |  | Original issue price |  |  | Carrying value |
Class A |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 27,065,219 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |  |  | $ | 47,336 |
Class B1 |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 52,700,609 |  |  |  | 1.75 |  |  |  | 119,977 |
Class B2 |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 29,000,000 |  |  |  | 1.75 |  |  |  | 23,000 |
Class B3 |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 29,000,000 |  |  |  | 0.00001 |  |  |  | 0.29 |
Issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (432 | )
Total preferred stock |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,881 |

The Company’s non-redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December 31, 2020 consisted of the following (in thousands, except share and per share data):

Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock |  | Shares authorized |  |  | Shares issued and outstanding |  |  | Original issue price |  |  | Carrying value |
Class A |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 27,065,219 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |  |  | $ | 47,336 |
Class B1 |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 52,700,609 |  |  |  | 1.75 |  |  |  | 119,977 |
Class B2 |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 29,000,000 |  |  |  | 1.75 |  |  |  | 23,000 |
Class B3 |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 29,000,000 |  |  |  | 0.00001 |  |  |  | 0.29 |
Issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (432 | )
Total preferred stock |  |  | Unlimited |  |  |  | 137,765,828 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,881 |

The Company’s non-redeemable convertible preferred stock contains the following rights:
Dividends
The holders of Class A Preferred Shares (“Class A”) are entitled, subject to the rights of the Class B1 Preferred Share (“Class B1”) holders, the Class B2 Preferred Share (“Class B2”) holders and holders of any other class of shares entitled to receive dividends in priority or concurrently with the holders of the Common Shares, to receive dividends if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors (“BOD”).
The holders of Class B1 are entitled, concurrently with holders of the Class B2 and holders of any other class of shares entitled to receive dividends in priority or concurrently with the holders of the Common Shares and the Class A, to receive dividends if, as and when declared by the BOD.
The holders of Class B3 Preferred Shares (“Class B3”) shall in no circumstances be entitled to receive any dividends from the Company, whether on a dissolution event or otherwise, and the BOD of the Company shall not declare any dividends on the Class B3.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, no dividends have been declared by the Company.
Liquidation rights
Upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, or upon certain change of control or asset sale events where holders of not less than
2/3
rds of the outstanding voting preferred shares of the Company have not elected otherwise, the holders of the outstanding Clas
s B
2
shall be entitled to receive,
pari passu
with the holders of the Class B
1
and prior and in preference to any distribution to the holders of the Class A and Common Share, an amount per share equal to the greater of (i)
one
times the original issue price plus any dividends accrued but unpaid thereon, or (ii) an amount that would have been paid had such shares been converted into Common Shares immediately prior to such liquidation or deemed
liquidation.
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After
distribution to the Class B2 and Class B1 holders, holders of the Class A shall be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Shares, an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the original issue price plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, or (ii) an amount that would have been payable had such share been converted into Common Shares immediately prior to such liquidation or deemed liquidation.
The remaining assets will be distributed to holders of the Company’s Common Share.
In the event of any dissolution event, the holders of Class B3 Preferred Shares then outstanding shall not be entitled to participate and share in any distribution of the property or assets of the Company.
Conversion
Each Class A, Class B
1
and Class B
2
will be convertible, at the option of its holder, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by its holder, into such number of fully paid and
non-assessable
Common Shares as is determined by dividing the Class A, Class B
1
and Class B
2
original issue price by the respective Class A, Class B
1
and Class B
2
conversion price in effect at the time of conversion. The Class A, Class B
1
and Class B
2
conversion price will initially be equal to $
1.75
and is subject to adjustment.
Upon either (i) that date and time which is immediately prior to a public offering of Common Shares with a concurrent listing on The Toronto Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or quotation for trading on Nasdaq (National Market) or such other stock exchange having received the approval of the directors of the Company which raises aggregate gross proceeds (prior to deduction of any underwriting discounts and registration expenses) of not less than $40 million at a price per Common Share that values the Company at not less than $250 million (a “Qualified IPO”), or (ii) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent of the holders of Class A, Class B1 or Class B2 holding at least 2/3rds of the shares of such class, then (a) all outstanding shares of such class will automatically be converted into Common Shares, at the then effective conversion rate and (b) such shares may not be reissued by the Company.
No shareholder will (i) convert any number of Class B2 unless such shareholder causes the same number of Class B3 (on a
one-for-one
basis) to be delivered to the Company for cancellation concurrently with the conversion of such Class B2, or (ii) transfer, or cause to be transferred, any Class B2 or Class B3 to any purchaser, unless such shareholder causes the purchaser of such Class B2 or Class B3, as applicable, to purchase such equivalent amount (on a
one-for-one
basis) of the Class B2 (in the case of the Class B3) or the Class B3 (in the case of the Class B2), as applicable, concurrently with the purchase of such Class B2 or Class B3, as applicable.
Redemption
In the event of a deemed liquidation event or a Qualified IPO the holders of the Class B3 shall not be entitled to any payment, dividend, or distribution of securities, or to participate and share in any distribution of the property of assets of the Company, and immediately prior to a deemed liquidation event or the listing of the securities of the Company pursuant to a Qualified IPO, all of the Class B3 will be deemed null and void and cancelled, without any payment or other distribution whatsoever to the holders of the Class B3 (the “Cancellation Date”). For certainty, from and after the Cancellation Date, the Class B3 shall not be entitled to exercise any of the rights of shareholders in respect thereof.
Voting Rights
The holders of Class A, Class B1, Class B2 and Class B3 are entitled to receive notice of, and to attend, all meetings of the shareholders of the Company and to that number of votes equal to the number of whole Common Shares into which the Class A, Class B1, Class B2 and Class B3 held by such holder are convertible as of
the
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record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote on such matter, at all meetings of shareholders, except for meetings at which only holders of another specified class or series of shares are entitled to vote separately as a class or series, and will vote together with the holders of Common Shares and the Voting Preferred Shares on an as-converted to Common Share basis as a single class class, all provided that (i) the holders of Class B2 shall not be entitled to vote, at a meeting or otherwise, on any resolution pertaining to the election, appointment or removal of a director of the Company, and (ii) the holders of Class B3 are only entitled to vote to the extent that the vote pertains to the election, appointment or removal of a director of the Company.

12. | Stock-based compensation

In connection with a transaction between entities under common control by which the Company became the reporting entity in April 2020, the Board of Directors approved the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “New Plan”) by which options granted under the New Plan were presenting similar commercial terms of the options granted under the
D-Wave
December 2013 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan. In the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes, options issued under previous stock option plans and respective compensation expenses are retrospectively presented as if such options had been issued and outstanding under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan for all periods during which the previous reporting entity was under common control.
Options granted under the Plan generally vest over four years with a
one-year
cliff. Upon the first anniversary of the vesting start date, 25% of the options vest; the remaining 75% of the options vest in 36 equal monthly installments following the first anniversary of the vesting start date, provided the option holder continues to have a full-time active employment or service relationship with the Company on each vesting date. The options expire on the 10th anniversary of the grant date. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 16,336,134 and 12,654,807 options granted under the Plan remained outstanding, respectively.
Stock option valuation
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires estimates of highly subjective assumptions, which affect the fair value of each stock option.

| • |  | Risk-Free Interest Rate . The Company estimates its risk-free interest rate by using the yield on actively traded non-inflation-indexed U.S. treasury securities with contract maturities equal to the expected term.

| • |  | Expected Term . The expected term of the Company’s options represents the period that the stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company has estimated the expected term of its employee awards using the SAB Topic 14 Simplified Method allowed by the FASB and SEC, for calculating expected term as it has limited historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate expected term. Certain of the Company’s options began vesting prior to the grant date, in which case the Company uses the remaining vesting term at the grant date in the expected term calculation.

| • |  | Expected Volatility . As the Company is privately held and there has been no public market for its common stock to date, the expected volatility is based on the average historical stock price volatility of comparable publicly-traded companies in its industry peer group, financial, and market capitalization data.

| • |  | Expected dividend Yield . The Company has not declared or paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends. As such, the dividend yield has been estimated to be zero.

| • |  | Fair Value of Underlying Common Stock . Because the Company’s common stock is not yet publicly traded, the Company must estimate the fair value of common stock. The Board of Directors considers

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| numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of the Company’s common stock at each meeting in which awards are approved. The factors considered include, but are not limited to: (i) the results of contemporaneous independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock; (ii) the prices, rights, preferences, and privileges of the Company’s Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock relative to those of its common stock; (iii) the lack of marketability of the Company’s common stock; (iv) actual operating and financial results; (v) current business conditions and projections; (vi) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or sale of the Company, given prevailing market conditions; and (vii) precedent transactions involving the Company’s shares.

The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 0% |  |  |  | 0% |
Expected volatility |  |  | 56% |  |  |  | 45% |
Expected term (years) |  |  | 8.53 |  |  |  | 9.41 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.87% |  |  |  | 0.43% |

Common stock option activity
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

|  | Number of options outstanding |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term (years) |  |  | Aggregate intrinsic value ($) |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | 12,654,807 |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 9.38 |  |  |  | — |
D-Wave options granted |  |  | 4,369,866 |  |  |  | 0.82 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
D-Wave options exercised |  |  | (105,203 | ) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
D-Wave options forfeited |  |  | (171,204 | ) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
D-Wave options expired |  |  | (412,132 | ) |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | 16,336,134 |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 8.55 |  |  |  | 80,179 |
Options unvested as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | 6,943,273 |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 8.53 |  |  |  | 77,423 |
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | 9,392,861 |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 8.20 |  |  |  | 46,116 |

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s common stock.
The weighted average grant date fair values per share of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $1.99 and $0.35, respectively.
The total fair values of the stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $1,733,745 and $1,035,000, respectively.
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Common stock warrants
A continuity of the Company’s United States dollar common stock warrants issued and outstanding is as follows:

|  | Number of common stock warrants |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Number of preferred stock warrants |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | 617,972 |  |  |  | 1.75 |  |  |  | 3,247,637 |  |  |  | 1.92 |
Granted during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | 617,972 |  |  |  | 1.75 |  |  |  | 3,247,637 |  |  |  | 1.92 |

The Company did not record any movements during the year ended December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, the following United States dollar common stock warrants were outstanding and exercisable:

|  | Number of warrants outstanding |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Expiry Date |  |  | Number exercisable |
|  |  | 617,972 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |  |  |  | 14-April-22 |  |  |  | 617,972 |
Total, December 31, 2021 |  |  | 617,972 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 617,972 |

As of December 31, 2021, the following United States dollar preferred stock warrants were outstanding and exercisable:

|  | Number of warrants outstanding |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Expiry Date |  |  | Number exercisable |
|  |  | 3,247,637 |  |  | $ | 1.92 |  |  |  | 29-Nov-26 |  |  |  | 1,299,055 |
Total, December 31, 2021 |  |  | 3,247,637 |  |  | $ | 1.92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,299,055 |

Stock-based compensation
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

|  | Years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Research and development |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 1,513 |
General and administrative |  |  | 1,164 |  |  |  | 1,346 |
Sales and marketing |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 130 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 1,739 |  |  | $ | 2,989 |

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13. | Related party transactions

In 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with a third-party consulting firm who also held options for common stock in the Company. Such agreement was not outstanding as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company paid the third-party consulting firm $380,000 for advisory services, and the agreement expired on December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not pay the third-party consulting firm for advisory services. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no open balances to the third-party consulting firm.
In March 2022, the Company entered into a Venture Loan Agreement with PSPIB, in an aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million. PSPIB is an affiliate of Public Sector Pension Investment Board which holds 46.8%, on a fully diluted basis, of
D-Wave
common shares as of December 31, 2021. For details refer to Note 17 –
Subsequent events.

14. | Commitment and contingencies

Warrant Transaction Agreements
In November 2020, contemporaneously with a revenue arrangement, DWSI entered into a contract, pursuant to which DWSI agreed to issue to a customer a warrant to acquire up to 3,247,637 shares of Class A Preferred Share (the “Warrant Preferred Shares”), subject to certain vesting events. As the warrant was issued in connection with an existing commercial agreement with a customer, the value of the warrant was determined to be consideration payable to the customer and consequently will be treated as a reduction to revenue recognized under the corresponding revenue arrangement. Approximately 40% of the Warrant Preferred Shares vested and became immediately exercisable on August 13, 2020. The remaining Warrant Preferred Shares will vest and become exercisable upon satisfaction of certain milestones based on revenue generated under the commercial agreement with the customer, to the extent certain prepayments are made by the customer. The exercise price for the Warrant Preferred Shares is $1.92 per share and the warrant is exercisable through November 29, 2026.
The fair value of the Warrant Preferred Shares at the date of issuance was determined to be $1.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, no Warrant Preferred Shares were vested or probable of vesting. As of December 31, 2020, Warrant Preferred Shares with a fair value of $451,000 were vested. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $451,000 of the warrant was recorded into cost of revenue.
In April 2020, DWSI entered into a contract pursuant to which DWSI agreed to issue to a customer a warrant to acquire a fixed number of 617,972 shares in the capital stock of DWSI (“Warrant Common Share” and collectively with the Warrant Preferred Shares, the “Warrant Shares”), at a fixed price of $1.75 per Warrant Common Share. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, no Warrant Common Shares were vested or probable of vesting.
The Company estimated the fair value of Warrant Shares on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires estimates of highly subjective assumptions, which affect the fair value of each warrant. The estimated fair value of Class A Preferred Shares and common stock was based on the Class A Preferred Shares and common stock offering price due to its proximity to the grant date of the Warrant Shares. The estimated term is based on the contractual life of the Warrant Shares. The remaining assumptions were developed consistent with the methodologies described further in Note 12 -
Share Based Compensation
.
The Warrant Preferred Shares are presented in the permanent equity on the balance sheets as the underlying shares are not redeemable, as discussed further in Note 11 -
Common stock and non-redeemable convertible preferred stock.
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Lease obligation
In November 2021, the Company amended a building lease to extend the term by 10 years and six months through December 31, 2033. The lease amendment constituted a modification as it extended the original lease term and required evaluation of the remeasurement of the lease liability and corresponding
right-of-use
asset. The reassessment resulted in continuing to classify the lease as an operating lease and remeasurement of the lease liability on the basis of the extended lease term. The total
right-of-use
asset recorded in association with the lease extension was $6.7 million with a corresponding operating lease liability.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims.
In the normal course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify third parties with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that the Company’s products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these indemnification obligations due to the Company’s limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim.
As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company has not been subject to any pending litigation claims.

15. | Earnings per share

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data):

|  | For the years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | $ | (31,545 | ) |  | $ | (10,019 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 111,911,127 |  |  |  | 121,358,989 |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | )

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities were the stock options and warrants to purchase common stock and preferred stock.
Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
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Potentially
dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

|  | For the years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Options to purchase common shares |  |  | 16,336 |  |  |  | 12,655 |
Warrants to purchase common shares |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 618 |
Warrants for preferred shares |  |  | 3,248 |  |  |  | 3,248 |

16. | Geographic areas

The following table presents a summary of revenue by geography for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | For the years ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
United States |  | $ | 3,425 |  |  | $ | 3,119 |
Japan |  |  | 1,614 |  |  |  | 1,630 |
Germany |  |  | 741 |  |  |  | 155 |
Other |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 256 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 6,279 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |

Other includes EMEA, Canada and Australia.
The following table sets forth the long-lived assets, consisting of property and plant, net, and operating lease
right-of-use
assets, by geographic area as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Canada |  | $ | 11,251 |  |  | $ | 4,984 |
United States |  |  | 576 |  |  |  | 858 |
Total long-lived assets |  | $ | 11,827 |  |  | $ | 5,842 |

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in Canada and in the United States.
Significant customers
The Company had significant customers during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. A significant customer is defined as one that makes up ten percent or more of total revenues in a particular year or ten percent of outstanding accounts receivable balance as of the year end.

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Customer A |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 22 | %
Customer B |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 17 | %
Customer C |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | 10 | %

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020 there were no significant customers with ten percent or more of outstanding accounts receivable balances.
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All
revenues derived from major customers above are included in the United States and Germany during the year ended December 31, 2021 and the United States and Japan during the year ended December 31,
2020
.

17. | Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated all events occurring through March 15, 2022, the date on which the consolidated financial statements were issued, and during which time, nothing has occurred outside the normal course of business operations that would require disclosure except the following:
Venture loan and security agreement.
On March 3, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into the Venture Loan and Security Agreement (the “Venture Loan Agreement”), by and between
D-Wave,
D-Wave
US Inc.,
D-Wave
Government Inc.,
D-Wave
Commercial Inc.,
D-Wave
International Inc., D-Wave Quantum Solutions Inc., and Omni Circuit Boards Ltd. (collectively, the ”Borrowers”, and each, a “Borrower”), as borrowers, and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc., as the lender. Under the Venture Loan Agreement, term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million have become available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions.
The first tranche in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million was advanced on the Effective Date. Subject to certain terms and conditions being satisfied, the second tranche in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million will be advanced prior to June 30, 2022 and the third tranche in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million will be advanced prior to November 15, 2022.
All advances outstanding under the Venture Loan Agreement will bear interest at a rate equal to the greater of either (i) the Prime Rate (as reported in The Wall Street Journal) plus 7.25%, and (ii) 10.5%. Interest on the outstanding advances is payable monthly, on the first business day of each calendar month through the earliest of December 31, 2022 and the closing of the Merger (the “Maturity Date”).
The Company will pay an end of term charge of 5.0% of the aggregate amount of the advances made under the Venture Loan Agreement on the earliest date of (i) the Maturity Date; (ii) the date that the Company prepays all of the outstanding principal in full, or (iii) the date the loan payments are accelerated due to an event of default (as defined in the Venture Loan Agreement).
The Venture Loan Agreement is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets and contains certain operational covenants. As of the date of the proxy statement/prospectus, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under our Venture Loan Agreement.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
DPCM Capital, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of DPCM Capital, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows of the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company’s business plan is dependent on the completion of a business combination and the Company’s cash and working capital as of December 31, 2021 are not sufficient to complete its planned activities. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/
S
/ Marcum LLP
Marcum LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020
.
New York, NY
March 14, 2022
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 124,720 |  |  | $ | 1,084,557 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 176,223 |  |  |  | 389,413 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 300,943 |  |  |  | 1,473,970 |
Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 300,183,322 |  |  |  | 300,058,477 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 300,484,265 |  |  | $ | 301,532,447 |
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities – Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 2,889,095 |  |  | $ | 270,054 |
Deferred underwriting fee payable |  |  | 10,500,000 |  |  |  | 10,500,000 |
Warrant liabilities |  |  | 10,787,400 |  |  |  | 38,700,000 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 24,176,495 |  |  |  | 49,470,054 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6) (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption 30,000,000 shares at redemption value |  |  | 300,000,000 |  |  |  | 300,000,000 |
Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding (excluding 30,000,000 shares subject to possible redemption) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 7,500,000 shares issued and outstanding |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 750 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (23,692,980 | ) |  |  | (47,938,357 | )
Total Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  | (23,692,230 | ) |  |  | (47,937,607 | )
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  | $ | 300,484,265 |  |  | $ | 301,532,447 |

(1) | See Note 6 for revised disclosure regarding contingent fees in connection with financial advisor engagements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  | For the period March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020 |
Operating and formation costs |  | $ | 3,781,644 |  |  | $ | 343,208 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (3,781,644 | ) |  |  | (343,208 | )
Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 115,883 |  |  |  | 48,914 |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 27,912,600 |  |  |  | (26,740,000 | )
Transaction cost allocated to warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | (381,556 | )
Unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 8,962 |  |  |  | 9,563 |
Other income (expenses), net |  |  | 28,037,445 |  |  |  | (27,063,079 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 24,255,801 |  |  |  | (27,406,287 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 10,424 |  |  |  | — |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 24,245,377 |  |  | $ | (27,406,287 | )
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A common stock |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 13,986,486 |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share, Class A common stock |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | (1.28 | )
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class B common stock |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share, Class B common stock |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | (1.28 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT)
FOR THE PERIOD MARCH 24, 2020 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

|  | Class B Common Stock |  |  | Stock Subscription Receivable from Shares |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balance — March 24, 2020 (inception) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of Class B common stock to Sponsor |  |  | 8,625,000 |  |  |  | 863 |  |  |  | (25,000 | ) |  |  | 24,137 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Collection of stock subscription receivable from stockholder |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,000 |
Proceeds in excess of fair value for Private Placement Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,640,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,640,000 |
Forfeiture of Founder Shares |  |  | (1,125,000 | ) |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Remeasurement of Class A common stock to redemption Value |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,664,250 | ) |  |  | (20,532,070 | ) |  |  | (23,196,320 | )
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (27,406,287 | ) |  |  | (27,406,287 | )
Balance – December 31, 2020 |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (47,938,357 | ) |  |  | (47,937,607 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,245,377 |  |  |  | 24,245,377 |
Balance – December 31, 2021 |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (23,692,980 | ) |  | $ | (23,692,230 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Period March 24, 2020 through December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 24,245,377 |  |  | $ | (27,406,287 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | (115,883 | ) |  |  | (48,914 | )
Transaction cost allocatable to warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 381,556 |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | (27,912,600 | ) |  |  | 26,740,000 |
Unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | (8,962 | ) |  |  | (9,563 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 213,190 |  |  |  | (389,413 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 2,619,041 |  |  |  | 270,054 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (959,837 | ) |  |  | (462,567 | )
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment of cash into Trust Account |  |  | — |  |  |  | (300,000,000 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (300,000,000 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of Class B common stock to Sponsor |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,000 |
Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid |  |  | — |  |  |  | 294,000,000 |
Proceeds from sale of Private Placements Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,000,000 |
Proceeds from promissory note—related party |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250,000 |
Repayment of promissory note—related party |  |  | — |  |  |  | (250,000 | )
Payments of offering costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (477,876 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 301,547,124 |
Net Change in Cash |  |  | (959,837 | ) |  |  | 1,084,557 |
Cash – Beginning of period |  |  | 1,084,557 |  |  |  | — |
Cash – End of period |  | $ | 124,720 |  |  | $ | 1,084,557 |
Supplementary cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 10,424 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-Cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accretion for Class A common stock subject to possible redemption |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,196,320 |
Deferred underwriting fee payable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,500,000 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
DPCM Capital, Inc. (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on March 24, 2020. The Company was formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”).
Although the Company is not limited to a particular industry or geographic region for purposes of consummating a Business Combination, the Company intends to focus on businesses in the technology sector. The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity through December 31, 2021 relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and subsequent to the Initial Public Offering, identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generates
non-operating
income in the form of interest income from the marketable securities held in the Trust Account.
The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on October 20, 2020. On October 23, 2020, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 30,000,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the shares of Class A common stock and warrants included in the Units sold, the “Public Shares” and “Public Warrants”, respectively), generating gross proceeds of $300,000,000, which is described in Note 3.
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 8,000,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”, and collectively with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in a private placement to CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC (the “Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $8,000,000, which is described in Note 4.
Transaction costs amounted to $16,977,876, consisting of $6,000,000 of underwriting fees, $10,500,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $477,876 of other offering costs.
Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on October 23, 2020, an amount of $300,000,000 ($10.00 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), located in the United States and invested only in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by the Company meeting the conditions of Rule
2a-7
of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the funds held in the Trust Account, as described below.
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a Business Combination successfully. The Company must complete a Business Combination with one or more target businesses that together have an aggregate fair
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
market value of at least 80% of the value of the Trust Account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement to enter into an initial Business Combination. The Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The Company will provide its holders of the outstanding Public Shares (the “public stockholders”) with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a stockholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek stockholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The public stockholders will be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (initially $10.00 per Public Share, plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations). There will be no redemption rights upon the completion of a Business Combination with respect to the Company’s warrants.
The Company will proceed with a Business Combination only if the Company has net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 either prior to or upon such consummation of a Business Combination and, if the Company seeks stockholder approval, a majority of the shares voted are voted in favor of the Business Combination. If a stockholder vote is not required by law and the Company does not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other reasons, the Company will, pursuant to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing a Business Combination. If, however, stockholder approval of the transaction is required by law, or the Company decides to obtain stockholder approval for business or other reasons, the Company will offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. If the Company seeks stockholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor has agreed to vote its Founder Shares (as defined in Note 5) and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering in favor of approving a Business Combination. Additionally, each public stockholder may elect to redeem their Public Shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction or do not vote at all.
Notwithstanding the above, if the Company seeks stockholder approval of a Business Combination and it does not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% or more of the Public Shares, without the prior consent of the Company.
The Sponsor has agreed (a) to waive its redemption rights with respect to its Founder Shares and Public Shares held by it in connection with the completion of a Business Combination, (b) to waive its liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period (as defined below) and (c) not to propose an amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (i) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of its Public Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination or (ii) with respect to any other provision
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
relating to stockholders’ rights or
pre-initial
Business Combination activity, unless the Company provides the public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares in conjunction with any such amendment. However, if the Sponsor acquires Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, such Public Shares will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period.
The Company will have until October 23, 2022 to complete a Business Combination (the “Combination Period”). If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a
per-share
price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay its tax obligations (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining stockholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to the Company’s warrants, which will expire worthless if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period.
The Sponsor has agreed to waive (pursuant to the IPO Letter Agreement and for no further consideration) its liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Sponsor acquires Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, such Public Shares will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. The underwriter has agreed to waive its rights to its deferred underwriting commission (see Note 6) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a Business Combination within in the Combination Period and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the other funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Public Shares. In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the assets remaining available for distribution will be less than the Initial Public Offering price per Unit ($10.00).
In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below (1) $10.00 per Public Share or (2) such lesser amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest which may be withdrawn to pay the Company’s taxes. This liability will not apply with respect to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the Trust Account and except as to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriter of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (except the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Liquidity and Going Concern
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $124,720 in its operating bank accounts, and an adjusted working capital deficit of $2,404,830, which excludes $183,322 of interest earned on the Trust Account that is available to pay franchise and income taxes payable.
The Company will need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its initial stockholders, officers or directors or their affiliates. The Company’s initial stockholders, officers or directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.
In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, “Basis of Presentation – Going Concern,” management has determined that the expected shortfall in working capital over the period of time between the date these financial statement are issued and its estimated Business Combination date raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern until the earlier of the consummation of the business combination or the date the Company is required to liquidate. Based on the above factors, management determined there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The financial statements do not include any adjustment that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s sponsor, officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs.
Risks and Uncertainties
Management continues to evaluate the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or search for a target company, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to
non-emerging
growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities (as described in Note 8). Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in U.S. Treasury securities. Interest income is recognized when earned. The Company’s portfolio of marketable securities is comprised solely of U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by the Company meeting the conditions of paragraphs (d)(2), (d)(3) and (d)(4) of Rule
2a-7
of the Investment Company Act. Upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
and the private placement, $300 million was placed in the Trust Account and invested in money market funds that invest in U.S. government securities. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are presented on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account in the accompanying statement of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information.
Offering Costs
Offering costs consisted of legal, accounting and other expenses incurred through the Initial Public Offering that were directly related to the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs were allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the Initial Public Offering based on a relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities were expensed as incurred in the statements of operations. Offering costs associated with the Class A common stock issued were initially charged to temporary equity and then accreted to common stock subject to redemption upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs amounting to $16,596,320 were charged to temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Transaction costs related to derivative liability incurred through the balance sheets date and directly related to the Initial Public Offering amounting to $381,556, were charged to operations upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.
Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for the Warrants in accordance with the guidance contained in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
815-40
under which the Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. Accordingly, the Company classifies the Warrants as liabilities at their fair value and adjust the Warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to
re-measurement
at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in our statements of operations. The Private Placement Warrants and the Public Warrants for periods where no observable traded price was available are valued using a binomial lattice model. For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the Public Warrant quoted market price was used as the fair value as of each relevant date.
Class A Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its Class A common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Class A common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that is either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s Class A common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Class A common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheets.
The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable Class A common stock resulted in charges against additional
paid-in
capital and accumulated deficit.
At December 31, 2020, the Class A common stock subject to redemption reflected in the balance sheets is reconciled in the following table:

Gross proceeds |  | $ | 300,000,000 |
Less: |  |  |  |
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants |  | $ | (6,600,000 | )
Class A common stock issuance costs |  | $ | (16,596,320 | )
Plus: |  |  |  |
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |  | $ | 23,196,320 |
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption |  | $ | 300,000,000 |

Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
FASB ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to
COVID-19
pandemic. Under ASC 740, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period which the new legislation is enacted. The CARES Act made various tax law changes including among other things (i) increasing the limitation under Section 163(j) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”) for 2019 and 2020 to permit additional expensing of interest (ii) enacting a technical correction so that qualified improvement property can be immediately expensed under IRC Section 168(k), (iii) making modifications to the federal net operating loss rules including permitting federal net operating losses incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to the five preceding taxable years in order to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes and (iv) enhancing the recoverability of alternative minimum tax credits. Given the Company’s full valuation allowance position and capitalization of all costs, the CARES Act did not have an impact on the financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Net Income (Loss) per Common Stock
Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company applies the
two-class
method in calculating earnings per share. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common shares is excluded from earnings per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The calculation of diluted income (loss) per share does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with the (i) Initial Public Offering, and (ii) the private placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. The warrants are exercisable to purchase 18,000,000 shares of Class A common stock in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any dilutive securities or other contracts that could, potentially, be exercised or converted into common stock and then share in the earnings of the Company. As a result, diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock is the same as basic net income (loss) per share of common stock for the periods presented.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock (in dollars, except per share amounts):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | For the period March 24, 2020 through December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Class A |  |  | Class B |  |  | Class A |  |  | Class B |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocation of net income (loss), as adjusted |  | $ | 19,396,302 |  |  | $ | 4,849,075 |  |  | $ | (17,839,941 | ) |  | $ | (9,566,346 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted weighted average common stock outstanding |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 13,986,486 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common stock |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | (1.28 | ) |  | $ | (1.28 | )

Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on this account.
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature, except for warrant liabilities (see Note 10).
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then
re-valued
at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or
non-current
based on whether or not
net-cash
settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.
Recent Accounting Standards
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2020-06,
“Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options
(Subtopic 470-20)
and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity
(Subtopic 815-40):
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”
(“ASU 2020-06”),
which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. ASU
2020-06
removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. ASU
2020-06
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 30,000,000 Units at a purchase price of $10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and
one-third
of one redeemable warrant. Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (see Note 8).
NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 8,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $8,000,000. Each Private Placement Warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. A portion proceeds from the Private Placement Warrants were added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the proceeds of the sale of the Private Placement Warrants will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law) and the Private Placement Warrants will expire worthless. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to the Private Placement Warrants.
NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
On June 22, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of Class B common stock to the Sponsor (the “Founder Shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, for which the Company received
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
payment for the Founder Shares on August 21, 2020. On August 18, 2020, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 80,000 Founder Shares to the Company’s independent directors for their original purchase price of approximately $0.004 per share. Subsequently, on August 27, 2020, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 70,000 Founder Shares to the Company’s special advisors for their original purchase price. These 150,000 Founder Shares were not subject to forfeiture in the event the underwriter’s over-allotment option was not exercised. On October 2, 2020, the Company effected a stock dividend of 1,437,500 shares with respect to the Class B common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 7,187,500 Founder Shares issued and outstanding. On October 2, 2020, the Sponsor transferred 18,750 Founder Shares to one of the Company’s special advisors. On October 20, 2020, the Company effected a stock dividend of 1,437,500 shares with respect to the Class B common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 8,625,000 Founder Shares issued and outstanding. All shares and
per-share
amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the share transactions.
The Founder Shares included an aggregate of up to 1,125,000 shares of Class B common stock subject to forfeiture by the Sponsor to the extent that the underwriter’s over-allotment option was not exercised in full or in part, so that the initial stockholders would own, on an
as-converted
basis, 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares after the Initial Public Offering. On December 7, 2020, the underwriter’s election to exercise its over-allotment option expired unexercised, resulting in the forfeiture of 1,125,000 shares by the Sponsor. Accordingly, there are 7,500,000 Founder Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The initial stockholders have agreed that, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Founder Shares will not be transferred, assigned or sold until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of a Business Combination or (B) subsequent to a Business Combination, (x) if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any
30-trading
day period commencing at least 150 days after a Business Combination, or (y) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of the stockholders having the right to exchange their common stock for cash, securities or other property.
Administrative Services Agreement
The Company entered into an agreement, commencing on October 20, 2020 through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination and its liquidation, to pay the Sponsor a total of up to $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and the period from March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, the Company incurred $120,000 and $20,000 for these services, respectively, of which $140,000 and $20,000 of such fees is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the accompanying December 31, 2021 and 2020 balance sheets, respectively.
Related Party Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of the Company’s directors and officers may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company. Otherwise, the Working Capital Loans would be repaid only out of funds held outside the Trust Account. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans, but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Except for the foregoing, the terms of such Working
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. The Working Capital Loans would either be repaid upon consummation of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant. The warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no amounts outstanding under any Working Capital Loans.
NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Registration and Stockholder Rights Agreement
Pursuant to a registration and stockholder rights agreement entered into on October 20, 2020, the holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans (and any Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants and warrants issued upon conversion of the Working Capital Loans and upon conversion of the Founder Shares) will be entitled to registration rights requiring the Company to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to Class A common stock). The holders of the majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of a Business Combination and rights to require the Company to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. However, the registration and stockholder rights agreement provides that the Company will not permit any registration statement filed under the Securities Act to become effective until termination of the applicable
lock-up
period. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriter is entitled to a deferred fee of $0.35 per Unit, or $10,500,000 in the aggregate. Subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement, (i) the deferred fee will be placed in the Trust Account and released to the underwriter only upon the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the deferred fee will be waived by the underwriter in the event that the Company does not complete a Business Combination.
Termination of Jam City Business Combination
On May 19, 2021, the Company entered into a business combination agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) with VNNA Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and the Company’s direct, wholly-owned subsidiary (“VNNA Merger Sub”), Jam City, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Jam City”), and New Jam City, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Jam City (“New JC LLC”), relating to the contemplated Business Combination between the Company and Jam City (the “Jam City Business Combination”).
On July 23, 2021, the Company entered into a Termination of Business Combination Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) with VNNA Merger Sub, the Sponsor, Jam City and New JC LLC, pursuant to which the parties agreed to mutually terminate the Business Combination Agreement effective as of July 23, 2021. As a result of the termination of the Business Combination Agreement, the Business Combination Agreement is void and there is no liability under the Business Combination Agreement on the part of any party thereto, except as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, and each of the transaction agreements entered into in connection with the Business Combination Agreement, including, but not limited to, (i) the Sponsor Support Agreement,
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
dated as of May 19, 2021, by and among the Company, the Sponsor, Jam City and New JC LLC, (ii) the Stockholder Support Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2021, by and among the Company and certain stockholders of Jam City, and (iii) the subscription agreements entered into between the Company and certain investors concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2021, were automatically either terminated in accordance with their terms or of no further force and effect. Pursuant to the Termination Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, the Company and Jam City also agreed, on behalf of themselves and their respective related parties, to a release of claims relating to the Jam City Business Combination. The Company intends to continue to pursue a Business Combination.
Financial Advisor Engagements
On September 23, 2021, the Company engaged Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“Citi”) as its capital markets advisor in connection with the Proposed Transaction. Pursuant to this engagement, the Company agreed to pay to Citi a capital markets advisory fee of $10,000,000 ($1,000,000 of which was payable in the sole discretion of the Company), contingent and payable upon the closing of the Proposed Transaction.
On September 23, 2021, the Company engaged Citi and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“Morgan Stanley”) as co-placement agents in connection with the transactions set forth in the PIPE Subscription Agreements (the “PIPE Financing”). Pursuant to this engagement, the Company agreed to pay to each of Citi and Morgan Stanley a placement fee equal to 2.00% (for a total of 4.00%) of the gross proceeds received by the Company upon consummation of the PIPE Financing (excluding any proceeds from PIPE Investors identified by the Company or
D-Wave
without the involvement of Citi or Morgan Stanley), contingent and payable upon consummation of the PIPE Financing.
NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred Stock
— The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.
Class
A Common Stock
— The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 30,000,000 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, including 30,000,000 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption which is presented as temporary equity.
Class
B Common Stock
— The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 7,500,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding.
Holders of Class B common stock will have the right to elect all of the Company’s directors prior to a Business Combination. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders except as required by law.
The shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock at the time of a Business Combination on a
one-for-one
basis, subject to adjustment. In the case that additional shares
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
of Class A common stock, or equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts offered in the Initial Public Offering and related to the closing of a Business Combination, the ratio at which shares of Class B common stock shall convert into shares of Class A common stock will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock agree to waive such adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of all shares of Class B common stock will equal, in the aggregate, on an
as-converted
basis, 20% of the sum of the total number of all shares of common stock outstanding upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering plus all shares of Class A common stock and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued in connection with a Business Combination (excluding any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination and any private placement-equivalent warrants issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans).
NOTE 8. WARRANT LIABILITIES
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 10,000,000 Public Warrants and 8,000,000 Private Placement Warrants outstanding.
Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A common stock underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue a share of Class A common stock upon exercise of a warrant unless the share of Class A common stock issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants.
The Company will agree that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than twenty business days after the closing of a Business Combination, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following a Business Combination and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but the Company will be required to use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class
A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00
. Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants (except with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):

| • |  | in whole and not in part;

| • |  | at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

| • |  | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and

| • |  | if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders (the “Reference Value”) equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like).

If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class
A common stock equals or exceeds $10.00
. Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

| • |  | in whole and not in part;

| • |  | at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Class A common stock;

| • |  | if, and only if, the Reference Value equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like); and

| • |  | if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like), the Private Placement Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above.

| • |  | if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-dayperiod after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Class A common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of a Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per Class A common (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the initial stockholders or their affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the initial stockholders or their affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of a Business Combination on the date of the consummation of a Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the Company’s Class A common stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates a Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $10.00 and $18.00 per share redemption trigger prices will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 100% and 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, respectively.
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and be
non-redeemable
so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
NOTE 9 — INCOME TAX
The Company’s net deferred tax assets (liability) at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Deferred tax assets (liability) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforward |  | $ | 25,292 |  |  | $ | 72,074 |
Startup/Organizational Expenses |  |  | 816,763 |  |  |  | — |
Unrealized gain on marketable securities |  |  | (889 | ) |  |  | (12,280 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 841,166 |  |  |  | 59,794 |
Valuation Allowance |  |  | (841,166 | ) |  |  | (59,794 | )
Deferred tax assets (liability), net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period March 24, 2020 through December 31, 2020 consists of the following:

|  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Federal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 10,424 |  |  | $ | — |
Deferred |  |  | (682,641 | ) |  |  | (59,794 | )
State and Local |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Deferred |  |  | (98,731 | ) |  |  | — |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 781,372 |  |  |  | 59,794 |
Income tax provision |  | $ | 10,424 |  |  | $ | — |

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $106,299 and $343,209 of U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryovers available to offset future taxable income. Federal and state net operating loss can be carried forward indefinitely.
In assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of all of the information available, management believes that significant uncertainty exists with respect to future realization of the deferred tax assets and has therefore established a full valuation allowance. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the change in the valuation allowance was $781,372. For the period from March 24, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, the change in the valuation allowance was $59,794.
A reconciliation of the federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period March 24, 2020 through December 31, 2020 is as follows:

|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Statutory federal income tax rate |  |  | 21.00 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit |  |  | 2.79 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Change in fair value of warrants |  |  | (27.38 | )% |  |  | (20.5 | )%
Transaction costs allocable to warrants |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | (0.3 | )%
Business combination expense |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
True ups |  |  | 0.04 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Valuation allowance |  |  | 3.13 | % |  |  | (0.2 | )%
Income tax provision |  |  | 0.04 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and is subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. The Company’s tax returns since inception remain open to examination by the taxing authorities. The Company considers Florida to be a significant state tax jurisdiction.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
NOTE 10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company follows the guidance in ASC 820 for its financial assets and liabilities that are
re-measured
and reported at fair value at each reporting period, and
non-financial
assets and liabilities that are
re-measured
and reported at fair value at least annually.
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

|  | Level 1: |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
|  | Level 2: |  | Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
|  | Level 3: |  | Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

At December 31, 2021, assets held in the Trust Account were comprised of $300,182,974 in U.S. Treasury Securities and $348 in cash.
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

Description |  | Level |  |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | Level |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 300,183,322 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 300,058,477 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant Liability – Public Warrants |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 5,993,000 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 21,500,000 |
Warrant Liability – Private Placement Warrants |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 4,794,400 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 17,200,000 |

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC
815-40
and are presented within warrant liabilities in the balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the statements of operations.
The Warrants were initially valued using a binomial lattice model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The binomial lattice model’s primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the Warrants is the expected volatility of the common stock. The expected volatility as of the Initial
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
Public Offering date was derived from observable public warrant pricing on comparable ‘blank-check’ companies without an identified target. The expected volatility as of subsequent valuation dates was implied from the Company’s own Public Warrant pricing. For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrant price was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The measurement of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units is classified as Level 1 due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Placement Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 due to the use of an observable market quote for a similar asset in an active market.
The estimated fair value of the Level 3 Warrants was determined based upon the following significant inputs:

|  | December 31, 2020 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 11.50 |
Stock price |  | $ | 10.41 |
Volatility |  |  | 28.4 | %
Term |  |  | 5.00 |
Risk-free rate |  |  | 0.39 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | %

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of Level 3 warrant liabilities:

|  | Private Placement |  |  | Public |  |  | Warrant Liabilities |
Fair value as of January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 17,200,000 |  |  | $ | 21,500,000 |  |  | $ | 38,700,000 |
Change in fair value |  |  | (12,240,000 | ) |  |  | (15,507,000 | ) |  |  | (27,912,600 | )
Transfers to Level 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,993,000 | ) |  |  | (5,993,000 | )
Transfers to Level 2 |  |  | (4,794,400 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,794,400 | )
Fair value as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs. The estimated fair value of the Public Warrants transferred from a Level 3 measurement to a Level 1 fair value measurement during the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $6.0 million. The estimated fair value of the Private Placement Warrants transferred from a Level 3 measurement to a Level 2 fair value measurement during the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $4.8 million.
NOTE 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than the below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.
Transaction Agreement
On February 7, 2022, the Company entered into a transaction agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) with
D-Wave
Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation and the Company’s direct, wholly-owned subsidiary
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021
(“NewCo”), DWSI Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of NewCo (“Merger Sub”), DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of NewCo (“CallCo”),
D-Wave
Quantum Technologies Inc., a British Columbia corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CallCo (“ExchangeCo”), and
D-Wave
Systems Inc., a British Columbia company
(“D-Wave”),
relating to a proposed Business Combination between the Company and
D-Wave
(the “Proposed Transaction”).
The Transaction Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, covenants and closing conditions, including, but not limited to, approval by the Company’s stockholders of the Transaction Agreement and the Proposed Transaction.
Sponsor Support Agreement
Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into a sponsor support agreement with the Sponsor, NewCo and
D-Wave,
pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor agreed to (i) vote in favor of the Transaction Agreement and the Proposed Transaction, (ii) a certain number of NewCo common shares becoming subject to certain vesting conditions immediately prior to, and contingent upon, the closing of the Proposed Transaction, (iii) reimburse or otherwise compensate the Company for certain expenses in excess of the Company’s permitted expenses under the Transaction Agreement and (iv) the forfeiture of certain Founder Shares.
Transaction Support Agreements
Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into transaction support agreements with
D-Wave
and certain
D-Wave
shareholders (collectively, the “Supporting Shareholders”), pursuant to which each such Supporting Shareholder agreed to, among other things, support and vote in favor of the Company Arrangement Resolution (as defined in the Transaction Agreement).
PIPE Subscription Agreements
Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into subscription agreements with NewCo and certain investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which, among other things, each PIPE Investor subscribed to and agreed to purchase on the date of the Closing (the “Closing Date”), and NewCo agreed to issue and sell to each such PIPE Investor on the Closing Date, the number of NewCo common shares (“PIPE Shares”) equal to the purchase price set forth therein, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Transaction Agreement), totaling $40.0 million of PIPE Shares in the aggregate, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 77,404 |  |  | $ | 124,720 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 70,489 |  |  |  | 176,223 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 147,893 |  |  |  | 300,943 |
Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 300,626,900 |  |  |  | 300,183,322 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 300,774,793 |  |  | $ | 300,484,265 |
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 5,291,532 |  |  | $ | 2,889,095 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 19,801 |  |  |  | — |
Promissory note—related party |  |  | 420,000 |  |  |  | — |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 5,731,333 |  |  |  | 2,889,095 |
Deferred underwriting fee payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,500,000 |
Warrant liabilities |  |  | 6,300,000 |  |  |  | 10,787,400 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 12,031,333 |  |  |  | 24,176,495 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, 30,000,000 shares at redemption value at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 |  |  | 300,114,082 |  |  |  | 300,000,000 |
Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding (excluding 30,000,000 shares subject to possible redemption at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 7,500,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 750 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 10,151,418 |  |  |  | — |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (21,522,790 | ) |  |  | (23,692,980 | )
Total Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  | (11,370,622 | ) |  |  | (23,692,230 | )
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  | $ | 300,774,793 |  |  | $ | 300,484,265 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Operating and formation costs |  | $ | 788,202 |  |  | $ | 699,331 |  |  | $ | 2,975,487 |  |  | $ | 1,481,203 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (788,202) |  |  |  | (699,331 | ) |  |  | (2,975,487 | ) |  |  | (1,481,203 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 378,382 |  |  |  | 12,697 |  |  |  | 427,040 |  |  |  | 71,548 |
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 5,769,000 |  |  |  | (640,000 | ) |  |  | 4,487,400 |  |  |  | 15,480,000 |
Reduction of deferred underwriting fee |  |  | 234,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 234,500 |  |  |  | — |
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 18,814 |  |  |  | (7,324 | ) |  |  | 16,538 |  |  |  | (6,283 | )
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 6,400,696 |  |  |  | (634,627 | ) |  |  | 5,165,478 |  |  |  | 15,545,265 |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |  |  | 5,612,494 |  |  |  | (1,333,958 | ) |  |  | 2,189,991 |  |  |  | 14,064,062 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (19,801 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,801 | ) |  |  | — |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 5,592,693 |  |  | $ | (1,333,958 | ) |  | $ | 2,170,190 |  |  | $ | 14,064,062 |
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A common stock |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 30,000,000 |
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share, Class A common stock |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class B common stock |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share, Class B common stock |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(UNAUDITED)
THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022

|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Class B Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Total Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Deficit |
Balance — January 1, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (23,692,980 | ) |  | $ | (23,692,230 | )
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,422,503 | ) |  |  | (3,422,503 | )
Balance – March 31, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (27,115,483 | ) |  | $ | (27,114,733 | )
Remeasurement of Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (114,082 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (114,082 | )
Reduction of deferred underwriting fee |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,265,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,265,500 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,592,693 |  |  |  | 5,592,693 |
Balance – June 30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 10,151,418 |  |  | $ | (21,522,790 | ) |  | $ | (11,370,622 | )

THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021

|  | Class A Common Stock |  |  | Class B Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Total Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Deficit |
Balance — January 1, 2021 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (47,938,357 | ) |  | $ | (47,937,607 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,398,020 |  |  |  | 15,398,020 |
Balance – March 31, 2021 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (32,540,337 | ) |  | $ | (32,539,587 | )
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,333,958 | ) |  |  | (1,333,958 | )
Balance – June 30, 2021 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (33,874,295 | ) |  | $ | (33,873,545 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 2,170,190 |  |  | $ | 14,064,062 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | (427,040 | ) |  |  | (71,548 | )
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | (4,487,400 | ) |  |  | (15,480,000 | )
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | (16,538 | ) |  |  | 6,283 |
Reduction of deferred underwriting fee |  |  | (234,500 | ) |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 105,734 |  |  |  | 48,970 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 19,801 |  |  |  | — |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 2,402,437 |  |  |  | 701,110 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (467,316 | ) |  |  | (731,123 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from promissory note—related party |  |  | 420,000 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 420,000 |  |  |  | — |
Net Change in Cash |  |  | (47,316 | ) |  |  | (731,123 | )
Cash – Beginning of period |  |  | 124,720 |  |  |  | 1,084,557 |
Cash – End of period |  | $ | 77,404 |  |  | $ | 353,434 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reduction of deferred underwriting fee |  |  | (10,265,500 | ) |  |  | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
DPCM Capital, Inc. (the “Company”) was a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on March 24, 2020. The Company was formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”).
Although the Company was not limited to a particular industry or geographic region for purposes of consummating a Business Combination, the Company focused on businesses in the technology sector. The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.
All activity through June 30, 2022 relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and subsequent to the Initial Public Offering, identifying a target company for a Business Combination and consummating the Transaction, as defined and described in Note 6.
The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on October 20, 2020. On October 23, 2020, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 30,000,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the shares of Class A common stock and warrants included in the Units sold, the “Public Shares” and “Public Warrants”, respectively), generating gross proceeds of $300,000,000, which is described in Note 3.
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 8,000,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”, and collectively with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in a private placement to CDPM Sponsor Group, LLC (the “Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $8,000,000, which is described in Note 4.
Transaction costs amounted to $16,977,876, consisting of $6,000,000 of underwriting fees, $10,500,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $477,876 of other offering costs.
Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on October 23, 2020, an amount of $300,000,000 ($10.00 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), located in the United States and invested only in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by the Company meeting the conditions of
Rule 2a-7 of
the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the funds held in the Trust Account, as described below.
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. On August 5, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the previously announced Transaction, as described in Note 6.
The Company provided its holders of the outstanding Public Shares (the “public stockholders”) with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of a Business Combination. On
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
August 2, 2022, stockholders holding 29,097,787 shares of Class A Common Stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $291,365,553.22 (approximately $10.01 per share) will be removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such stockholders. There were no redemption rights upon the completion of a Business Combination with respect to the Company’s warrants.
Liquidity and Going Concern
As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $77,404 in its operating bank accounts, and an adjusted working capital deficit of $5,070,622, which excludes $301,160 of interest earned on the Trust Account that is available to pay franchise and income taxes payable and $211,658 of franchise taxes paid from the operating account which are reimbursable with the interest earned on the Trust Account.
The Company may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its initial stockholders, officers or directors or their affiliates. The Company’s initial stockholders, officers or directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction and reducing overhead expenses. Other than the Sponsor Affiliate Note and the Sponsor Note, in each case as described in Note 5, the Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.
In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, “Basis of Presentation—Going Concern”, management has determined that the liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is considered to be one year from the issuance of these financial statements. On August 5, 2022, the Company consummated the Transaction, and the uncertainty of the liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. No adjustments have been made to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities.
Risks and Uncertainties
Management continues to evaluate the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or search for a target company, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form
10-Q
and Article 8 of Regulation
S-X
of the SEC. Certain information
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022. The interim results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any future periods.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to
non-emerging
growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these consolidated financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and, accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Cash and marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in U.S. Treasury securities. Interest income is recognized when earned. The Company’s portfolio of marketable securities is comprised solely of U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by the Company meeting the conditions of paragraphs (d)(2), (d)(3) and (d)(4) of
Rule2a-7of
the Investment Company Act. Upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering and the private placement, $300 million was placed in the Trust Account and invested in money market funds that invest in U.S. government securities. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are presented on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account in the accompanying statement of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information.
Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for the Warrants in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC
815-40
under which the Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. Accordingly, the Company classifies the Warrants as liabilities at their fair value and adjust the Warrants to fair value at each reporting period. These liabilities are subject tore-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in our statement of operations. The Private Placement Warrants and the Public Warrants for periods where no observable traded price was available are valued using a binomial lattice model. For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the Public Warrant quoted market price was used as the fair value as of each relevant date.
Offering Costs
Offering costs consisted of legal, accounting and other expenses incurred through the Initial Public Offering that were directly related to the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs were allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the Initial Public Offering based on a relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs allocated to warrant liabilities were expensed as incurred in the consolidated statements
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
of operations. Offering costs associated with the Class A common stock issued were initially charged to temporary equity and then accreted to common stock subject to redemption upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Offering costs amounting to $16,596,320 were charged to temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. Transaction costs related to derivative liability incurred through the consolidated balance sheet date and directly related to the Initial Public Offering amounting to $381,556, were charged to operations upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.
Class A Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its Class A common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Class A common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that is either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ deficit. The Company’s Class A common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, Class A common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ deficit section of the Company’s condensed balance sheets.
The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable Class A common stock resulted in charges against additional
paid-in
capital and accumulated deficit.
At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Class A common stock subject to redemption reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets is reconciled in the following table:

Gross proceeds |  | $ | 300,000,000 |
Less: |  |  |  |
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants |  | $ | (6,600,000 | )
Class A common stock issuance costs |  | $ | (16,596,320 | )
Plus: |  |  |  |
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |  | $ | 23,196,320 |
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 300,000,000 |
Plus: |  |  |  |
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value |  | $ | 114,082 |
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption at June 30, 2022 |  | $ | 300,114,082 |

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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the unaudited condensed financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s deferred tax asset had a full valuation allowance recorded against it.
ASC
740-270-25-2
requires that an annual effective tax rate be determined and such annual effective rate applied to year to date income in interim periods under ASC
740-270-30-5.
Our effective tax rate was 0.35% and 0% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 0.90% and 0% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 21% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, due to changes in fair value in warrant liability, and the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets.
ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be
more-likely-than-not
to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
The Company has identified the United States as its only “major” tax jurisdiction. The Company is subject to income taxation by major taxing authorities since inception. These examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with federal and state tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months..
Net Income (Loss) per Common Stock
Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company applies the
two-class
method in calculating earnings per share. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common shares is excluded from earnings per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The calculation of diluted income (loss) per share does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with the (i) Initial Public Offering, and (ii) the private placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. The warrants are exercisable to purchase 18,000,000 shares of Class A common stock in the aggregate. As of June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any dilutive securities or other contracts that could, potentially, be exercised or converted into common stock and then share in the earnings of the Company. As a result, diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock is the same as basic net income (loss) per share of common stock for the periods presented.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common stock (in dollars, except per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
|  | Class A |  |  | Class B |  |  | Class A |  |  | Class B |  |  | Class A |  |  | Class B |  |  | Class A |  |  | Class B |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocation of net income (loss), as adjusted |  | $ | 4,474,154 |  |  | $ | 1,118,539 |  |  | $ | (1,067,166 | ) |  | $ | (266,792 | ) |  | $ | 1,736,152 |  |  | $ | 434,038 |  |  | $ | 11,251,250 |  |  | $ | 2,812,812 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |  |  |  | 30,000,000 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common stock |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |

Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on this account.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximate the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature, except for warrant liabilities (see Note 9).
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature, except for warrant liabilities (see Note 9).
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then
re-valued
at each reporting date, with changes in the fair
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the consolidated balance sheet as current or
non-current
based on whether or not
net-cash
settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.
Recent Accounting Standards
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2020-06,
“Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options
(Subtopic470-20)
and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic
815-40):
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”
(“ASU2020-06”),
which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. ASU
2020-06
removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas.
ASU2020-06
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 30,000,000 Units at a purchase price of $10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and
one-third
of one redeemable warrant. Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (see Note 8).
NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 8,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $8,000,000. Each Private Placement Warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. A portion of the proceeds from the Private Placement Warrants were added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. There were no redemption rights or liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to the Private Placement Warrants.
NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
On June 22, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of Class B common stock to the Sponsor (the “Founder Shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, for which the Company received payment for the Founder Shares on August 21, 2020. On August 18, 2020, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 80,000 Founder Shares to the Company’s independent directors for their original purchase price of approximately $0.004 per share. Subsequently, on August 27, 2020, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 70,000 Founder Shares to the Company’s special advisors for their original purchase price. These 150,000 Founder Shares were not subject to forfeiture in the event the underwriter’s over-allotment option was not
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
exercised. On October 2, 2020, the Company effected a stock dividend of 1,437,500 shares with respect to the Class B common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 7,187,500 Founder Shares issued and outstanding. On October 2, 2020, the Sponsor transferred 18,750 Founder Shares to one of the Company’s special advisors. On October 20, 2020, the Company effected a stock dividend of 1,437,500 shares with respect to the Class B common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 8,625,000 Founder Shares issued and outstanding. All shares and
per-share
amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the share transactions.
The Founder Shares included an aggregate of up to 1,125,000 shares of Class B common stock subject to forfeiture by the Sponsor to the extent that the underwriter’s over-allotment option was not exercised in full or in part, so that the initial stockholders would own, on an
as-converted
basis, 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares after the Initial Public Offering. On December 7, 2020, the underwriter’s election to exercise its over-allotment option expired unexercised, resulting in the forfeiture of 1,125,000 shares by the Sponsor. Accordingly, there are 7,500,000 Founder Shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
The initial stockholders have agreed that, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Founder Shares will not be transferred, assigned or sold until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of a Business Combination or (B) subsequent to a Business Combination, (x) if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any30-tradingday period commencing at least 150 days after a Business Combination, or (y) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of the stockholders having the right to exchange their common stock for cash, securities or other property.
Administrative Services Agreement
The Company entered into an agreement, commencing on October 20, 2020 through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination and its liquidation, to pay the Sponsor a total of up to $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred $30,000 and $60,000 in fees for these services, respectively. support. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company incurred $30,000 and $60,000 in fees for these services, respectively. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $200,000 and $140,000 of administrative fees included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheets, respectively.
Related Party Loans
On February 28, 2022, the Sponsor issued an unsecured promissory note of up to $1,000,000 to an affiliate of the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Affiliate Note”), in connection with providing the Company with additional working capital. The Sponsor Affiliate Note is not convertible and bears no interest. The Sponsor Affiliate Note is due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination or the date that the winding up of the Company is effective. As of June 30, 2022, the Sponsor had borrowed a total of $200,000 under the Sponsor Affiliate Note, which amount was delivered to the Company for its working capital needs.
On April 13, 2022, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note of up to $1,000,000 to the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Note”), of which $220,000 was funded by the Sponsor upon execution of the Sponsor Note, in
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
connection with providing the Company with additional working capital. The Sponsor Note is not convertible and bears no interest. The Sponsor Note is due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination or the date that the winding up of the Company is effective. As of June 30, 2022 the Company had borrowed a total of $220,000 under the Sponsor Note.
NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Registration and Stockholder Rights Agreement
Pursuant to a registration and stockholder rights agreement entered into on October 20, 2020, the holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans (and any Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants and warrants issued upon conversion of the Working Capital Loans and upon conversion of the Founder Shares) will be entitled to registration rights requiring the Company to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to Class A common stock). The holders of the majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of a Business Combination and rights to require the Company to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. However, the registration and stockholder rights agreement provides that the Company will not permit any registration statement filed under the Securities Act to become effective until termination of the applicable
lock-up
period. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriter was entitled to a deferred fee of $0.35 per Unit, or $10,500,000 in the aggregate. Subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement, (i) the deferred fee was placed in the Trust Account and was to be released to the underwriter only upon the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the deferred fee would have been waived by the underwriter in the event that the Company did not complete a Business Combination.
On June 15, 2022, UBS agreed to waive its entitlement to the deferred underwriting commission of $10,500,000 to which it became entitled upon completion of the Company’s Initial Public Offering, subject to the consummation of the Transaction. As a result, the Company recognized $234,500 of income and $10,265,500 was recorded to additional paid-in capital in relation to the reduction of the deferred underwriter fee in the accompanying condensed financial statements. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the deferred underwriting fee payable is $0 and $10,500,000, respectively.
Transaction Agreement
On February 7, 2022, the Company entered into a transaction agreement (as amended, the “Transaction Agreement”) with
D-Wave
Quantum Inc., a Delaware corporation and the Company’s direct, wholly-owned subsidiary (“NewCo”), DWSI Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of NewCo (“Merger Sub”), DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of NewCo (“CallCo”),-
D-Wave
Quantum Technologies Inc., a British Columbia corporation and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CallCo (“ExchangeCo”), and
D-Wave
Systems Inc., a British Columbia
company(“D-Wave”),relating
to a proposed Business Combination between the Company and
D-Wave(the
“Transaction”).
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
In connection with the Transaction, NewCo filed a registration statement on Form
S-4
(File
No. 333-263573)
with the SEC on March 15, 2022 (the “NewCo Form
S-4”)
that included a preliminary prospectus with respect to NewCo’s securities to be issued in connection with the Transaction and a preliminary proxy statement with respect to the meeting of the Company’s stockholders to vote on the Transaction (the “Special Meeting”). On July 13, 2022, the NewCo Form S-4 was declared effective by the SEC and the Company subsequently filed the definitive proxy statement/prospectus (the “Definitive Proxy Statement/Prospectus”) with the SEC. On August 5, 2022, the Company, NewCo, Merger Sub, CallCo, ExchangeCo, and D-Wave consummated the Transaction, following the approval of the Company’s stockholders at the Special Meeting held on August 2, 2022.
Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, among other things, (a) on the date of the closing of the Transaction (the “Closing”, and such date, the “Closing Date”), Merger Sub merged with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing as the surviving company after the Merger, as a result of which the Company has become a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of NewCo, with the Company’s stockholders receiving shares of NewCo common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“NewCo Common Shares”), in the Merger; and (b) immediately following the Merger, by means of a statutory plan of arrangement under the
Business Corporations Act
(British Columbia) (the “Plan of Arrangement”), (i) CallCo acquired a portion of the issued and outstanding share capital of
D-Wave
(“D-Wave
Shares”) from certain holders in exchange for NewCo Common Shares (the “NewCo Share Exchange”), (ii) CallCo contributed such
D-Wave
Shares to ExchangeCo in exchange for shares of ExchangeCo’s
non-par
value common stock (“ExchangeCo Common Shares”), (iii) following the NewCo Share Exchange, ExchangeCo acquired the remaining issued and outstanding
D-Wave
Shares from the remaining holders of
D-Wave
Shares in exchange for the exchangeable shares in the capital of ExchangeCo (the “Exchangeable Shares”) and (iv) as a result of the foregoing,
D-Wave
became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ExchangeCo. The holders of the Exchangeable Shares has certain rights as specified in the Exchangeable Share Term Sheet (as defined in the Transaction Agreement), including the right to exchange Exchangeable Shares for NewCo Common Shares.
The Transaction was structured to provide the public stockholders that did not redeem their Public Shares with a pro rata right to a pool of up to an additional 5,000,000 NewCo Common Shares. None of the holders of the Founder Shares received the benefit of such additional shares. Upon the Closing, the public stockholders that did not elect to redeem their Public Shares in connection with the Transaction received 1.4541326 NewCo Common Shares for each Public Share (the “Exchange Ratio”). Additionally, upon the Closing, all of the Company’s outstanding warrants were converted into the right to receive warrants of NewCo (“NewCo Warrants”). Each such NewCo Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 NewCo Common Shares, at any time commencing 30 days after the Closing.
The terms of the Transaction Agreement and other related ancillary agreements, including those briefly described below, are summarized in more detail in the Definitive Proxy Statement/Prospectus.
Sponsor Support Agreement
Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into a sponsor support agreement (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”) with the Sponsor, NewCo and
D-Wave,
pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor agreed to (i) vote in favor of the Transaction Agreement and the Transaction, (ii) a certain number of NewCo common shares becoming subject to certain vesting conditions immediately prior to, and contingent upon, the closing of the Transaction, (iii) reimburse or otherwise compensate the Company for certain expenses in excess of the Company’s permitted expenses under the Transaction Agreement and (iv) the forfeiture of certain Founder Shares.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
On June 16, 2022, the Sponsor, the Company, NewCo and D-Wave entered into the Amended and Restated Sponsor Support Agreement (the “A&R SSA”). Pursuant to the A&R SSA, the parties thereto agreed to amend and restate the Sponsor Support Agreement dated as of February 7, 2022 (the “Original SSA”) to, among other things, (i) vote in favor of the Transaction Agreement and the Transaction, (ii) reimburse or otherwise compensate the Company for an aggregate amount of fees, expenses, commissions or other amounts incurred by or on behalf of, or otherwise payable (and not otherwise expressly allocated to D-Wave or any of its subsidiaries or any holder of D-Wave shares, D-Wave options or D-Wave warrants pursuant to the terms of the Transaction Agreement or any ancillary document), whether or not due, by the parties in connection with the negotiation, preparation or execution of the Transaction Agreement or any ancillary documents, the performance of its covenants or agreements in the Transaction Agreement or any ancillary document or the consummation of the Transaction, including any Company Expenses in excess of the sum of $6,750,000 and (iii) the forfeiture of 4,484,425 shares of the Company class B common stock.
Transaction Support Agreements
Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into transaction support agreements with
D-Wave
and certain
D-Wave
shareholders (collectively, the “Supporting Shareholders”), pursuant to which each such Supporting Shareholder agreed to, among other things, support and vote in favor of the Company Arrangement Resolution (as defined in the Transaction Agreement).
PIPE Subscription Agreements
Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, the Company entered into subscription agreements with NewCo and certain investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which, among other things, each PIPE Investor subscribed to and agreed to purchase on the date of the closing of the Transaction (the “Closing Date”), and NewCo agreed to issue and sell to each such PIPE Investor on the Closing Date, the number of NewCo common shares (“PIPE Shares”) equal to the purchase price set forth therein, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Transaction Agreement), totaling $40.0 million of PIPE Shares in the aggregate, such that the PIPE Investors purchased 5,816,528 PIPE Shares in the aggregate.
Financial Advisor Engagements
On September 23, 2021, the Company engaged Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“Citi”) as its capital markets advisor in connection with the Transaction. Pursuant to this engagement, the Company agreed to pay to Citi a capital markets advisory fee of $10,000,000 ($1,000,000 of which was payable in the sole discretion of the Company), contingent and payable upon the closing of the Transaction.
On September 23, 2021, the Company engaged Citi and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“Morgan Stanley”) as
co-placement
agents in connection with the transactions set forth in the PIPE Subscription Agreements (the “PIPE Financing”). Pursuant to this engagement, the Company agreed to pay to each of Citi and Morgan Stanley a placement fee equal to 2.00% (for a total of 4.00%) of the gross proceeds received by the Company upon consummation of the PIPE Financing (excluding any proceeds from PIPE Investors identified by the Company or
D-Wave
without the involvement of Citi or Morgan Stanley), contingent and payable upon consummation of the PIPE Financing.
On February 7, 2022, the Company engaged UBS Securities LLC (“UBS”) as its nonexclusive capital markets adviser. UBS was not entitled to any fee pursuant to this engagement.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
On May 13, 2022, (a) Citi resigned from its role as capital markets advisor to DPCM and waived any fees to which it was entitled pursuant to its engagement, including its capital markets advisory fee of $10,000,000 ($1,000,000 of which was payable in the sole discretion of the Company), and (b) each of Citi and Morgan Stanley resigned from their roles as co-placement agents in connection with the PIPE Financing and waived any fees to which they were entitled pursuant to their respective engagements, which would have been equal to 2.00% (for a total of 4.00%) of the gross proceeds received by the Company or NewCo upon consummation of the PIPE Financing (excluding any proceeds from PIPE Investors identified by Company or D-Wave without the involvement of Citi or Morgan Stanley); however no PIPE Investors that eventually participated in the PIPE Financing were sourced by Citi or Morgan Stanley.
On May 20, 2022, UBS resigned from its role as capital markets advisor to DPCM (for which engagement it was not entitled to any fee).
NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred Stock
—
The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.
Class
A Common Stock
—The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 30,000,000 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, including Class A common stock subject to possible redemption which is presented as temporary equity.
Class
B Common Stock
—The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 7,500,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding.
Holders of Class B common stock will have the right to elect all of the Company’s directors prior to a Business Combination. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders except as required by law.
The shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock at the time of a Business Combination on a
one-for-one
basis, subject to adjustment. In the case that additional shares of Class A common stock, or equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts offered in the Initial Public Offering and related to the closing of a Business Combination, the ratio at which shares of Class B common stock shall convert into shares of Class A common stock will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock agree to waive such adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of all shares of Class B common stock will equal, in the aggregate, on an
as-converted
basis, 20% of the sum of the total number of all shares of common stock outstanding upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering plus all shares of Class A common stock and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued in
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
connection with a Business Combination (excluding any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination and any private placement-equivalent warrants issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans).
NOTE 8. WARRANT LIABILITIES
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 10,000,000 Public Warrants and 8,000,000 Private Placement Warrants outstanding.
Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A common stock underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue a share of Class A common stock upon exercise of a warrant unless the share of Class A common stock issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants.
The Company will agree that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than twenty business days after the closing of a Business Combination, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following a Business Combination and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but the Company will be required to use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class
A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00
.
Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants (except with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):

| • |  | in whole and not in part;

| • |  | at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

| • |  | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and

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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)

| • |  | if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock for any 20 trading days within a30-tradingday period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders (the “Reference Value”) equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like).

If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class
A common stock equals or exceeds $10.00.
Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

| • |  | in whole and not in part;

| • |  | at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Class A common stock;

| • |  | if, and only if, the Reference Value equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like); and

| • |  | if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like), the Private Placement Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above.

| • |  | if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the30-dayperiod after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Class A common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.
In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of a Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per Class A common (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the initial stockholders or their affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the initial stockholders or their affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of a Business Combination on the date of the consummation of a Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the Company’s Class A common stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
day on which the Company consummates a Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, and the $10.00 and $18.00 per share redemption trigger prices will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 100% and 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, respectively.
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and be
non-redeemable
so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
NOTE 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company follows the guidance in ASC 820 for its financial assets and liabilities that are
re-measured
and reported at fair value at each reporting period, and
non-financial
assets and liabilities that arere-measured and reported at fair value at least annually.
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1: |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2: |  | Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3: |  | Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

At June 30, 2022, assets held in the Trust Account were comprised of $300,623,778 in U.S. Treasury Securities and $3,122 in cash.
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DPCM CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JUNE 30, 2022
(Unaudited)
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

Description |  | Level |  |  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | Level |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and marketable securities held in Trust Account |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 300,626,900 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 300,183,322 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 3,500,000 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 5,993,000 |
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2,800,000 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 4,794,400 |

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC
815-40
and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Warrants were initially valued using a binomial lattice model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The binomial lattice model’s primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the Warrants is the expected volatility of the common stock. The expected volatility as of the Initial Public Offering date was derived from observable public warrant pricing on comparable ‘blank-check’ companies without an identified target. The expected volatility as of subsequent valuation dates was implied from the Company’s own Public Warrant pricing. For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrant price was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The measurement of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units is classified as Level 1 due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Placement Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 due to the use of an observable market quote for a similar asset in an active market.
Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.
NOTE 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the condensed financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than the below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the condensed financial statements.
On August 2, 2022, Stockholders holding 29,097,787 shares of Class A Common Stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Company’s Trust Account. As a result, $291,365,553.22 (approximately $10.01 per share) was removed from the Company’s Trust Account to pay such stockholders.
On August 5, 2022, the Company completed the Transaction, as described in Note 6.
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PART II: INFORMATION OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT

| Item 13. | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table indicates the expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement, other than underwriting discounts and commissions.

|  | Amount |
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee |  | $ | 4,358.41 |
Accountants’ fees and expenses |  |  | * |
Legal fees and expenses |  |  | * |
Blue Sky fees and expenses |  |  | * |
Transfer Agent’s fees and expenses |  |  | * |
Printing and engraving expenses |  |  | * |
Miscellaneous |  |  | * |
Total expenses |  | $ | * |

* | These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be defined at this time.

| Item 14. | Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Section 145 of the DGCL provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant. The DGCL provides that Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. The Registrant’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide for indemnification by the Registrant of its directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.

Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in its Certificate of Incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (1) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (3) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions or (4) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The Registrant’s Certificate of Incorporation provides for such limitation of liability to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.

The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers to provide contractual indemnification in addition to the indemnification provided in the Registrant’s Bylaws. Each indemnification agreement provides for indemnification and advancements by the Registrant of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from his or her service to the Registrant or, at our request, service to other entities, as officers or directors to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract qualified directors.

The Registrant also maintains standard policies of insurance under which coverage is to be provided (1) to its directors and officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act, while acting in their capacity as directors and officers of the Registrant, and (2) to the Registrant with respect to payments which may be made by the Registrant to such officers and directors pursuant to any indemnification provision contained in the Registrant’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws or otherwise as a matter of law.

| Item 15. | Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

Concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, D-Wave Quantum Inc. entered into PIPE Subscription Agreements with the PIPE Investors, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors committed to purchase a number of Common Shares equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million. On the August 5, 2022 5,816,528 Common Shares were issued the PIPE Investors in the PIPE Financing, which closed substantially concurrently with Closing.

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##### Table of Contents

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, we agreed to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee equal to $2,625,000. D-Wave paid the Commitment Fee entirely in Common Shares, in two tranches consisting of 127,180 and 254,360 Common Shares issued on August 5, 2022 and August 25, 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we sold an aggregate number of 1,878,806 Common Shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (excluding the Common Shares paid in respect of the Commitment Fee) for aggregate consideration of $4.25 million.

Such Common Shares were offered and sold in a private placement pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

Pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement which became effective in connection with Closing, each outstanding D-Wave Share was automatically converted into and exchanged for the right to receive a number of Common Shares or Exchangeable Shares immediately following the consummation of the DPCM Merger (the “Consideration Shares”). Such Consideration Shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 3(a)(10) of the Securities Act.

| Item 16. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Exhibits.

Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Exhibits
|  |  |  | Filer |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
2.1 |  | Transaction Agreement, dated February 7, 2022, by and among DPCM Capital, Inc., D-Wave Quantum Inc., DWSI Holdings Inc., DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc. and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 2.1 |  | March 15, 2022
2.2 |  | Amendment to Transaction Agreement, dated June 16, 2022, by and among DPCM Capital, Inc., D-Wave Quantum Inc., DWSI Holdings Inc., DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc. and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 2.2 |  | June 23, 2022
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 3.4 |  | March 15, 2022
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 3.5 |  | March 15, 2022
3.3 |  | Certificate of Designations of Special Voting Preferred Stock of D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 3.6 |  | May 27, 2022
4.1 |  | Specimen Common Stock Certificate of D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 4.1 |  | May 27, 2022
5.1* |  | Form of Opinion of Holland & Knight LLP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10.1 |  | Plan of Arrangement. |  | DPCM Capital, Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.1 |  | February 11, 2022
10.2 |  | Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.2 |  | August 10, 2022
10.3 |  | Form of PIPE Subscription Agreement |  | DPCM Capital, Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.5 |  | February 11, 2022

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Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Exhibits
|  |  |  | Filer |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.4 |  | Exchangeable Share Support Agreement. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.4 |  | August 10, 2022
10.5 |  | Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.5 |  | August 10, 2022
10.6 |  | Amended and Restated Sponsor Support Agreement. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.6 |  | August 10, 2022
10.7† |  | Agreement, dated as of September 22, 2005, between Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry and D-Wave Systems Inc., as amended. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.16 |  | March 15, 2022
10.8 |  | Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2018, between Canada Foundation for Sustainable Development Technology and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.17 |  | March 15, 2022
10.9† |  | Amendment No. 1 to Contribution Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2020, between Canada Foundation for Sustainable Development Technology and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.18 |  | May 27, 2022
10.10† |  | Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2020, among D-Wave Systems Inc., DWSI Holdings Inc., each as recipients, and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.19 |  | May 27, 2022
10.11 |  | Amendment Agreement No. 1 to Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2021, between D-Wave Systems Inc., (resulting from the amalgamation of D-Wave Systems Inc. with its parent company DWSI Holdings Inc.) and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.20 |  | March 15, 2022
10.12 |  | Triple Net Lease, dated as of January 15, 2013, between Embarcadero Joint Venture and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.21 |  | March 15, 2022
10.13 |  | First Amendment to Lease, dated as of January 29, 2018, between Embarcadero Joint Venture and D-Wave Commercial Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.22 |  | March 15, 2022
10.14 |  | Second Amendment to the Lease, dated as of September 9, 2022, between Embarcadero Joint Venture and D-Wave Commercial Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.1 |  | December 28, 2022
10.15 |  | Lease Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2012, among 0727219 Ltd., PCI Beta Holdings Inc. and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.23 |  | March 15, 2022
10.16 |  | Amendment of Lease, dated as of October 11, 2012, among 0727219 Ltd., PCI Canada Way Limited Partnership and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.24 |  | March 15, 2022
10.17 |  | Lease Extension and Modification Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2021, between Redstone Enterprises Ltd. and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.25 |  | March 15, 2022
10.18† |  | Lease Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2017, between 0937847 B.C. Ltd. and Omni Circuit Boards Ltd. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.26 |  | March 15, 2022

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Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Exhibits
|  |  |  | Filer |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.19† |  | Lease Renewal Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2022, to the Lease Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2017, between 0937847 B.C. Ltd. and Omni Circuit Boards Ltd. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.1 |  | December 21, 2022
10.20† |  | Agreement for Pilot Line Operation, dated as of July 31, 2006, by and between Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and D-Wave Systems Inc., as amended. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.27 |  | March 15, 2022
10.21† |  | Agreement for Semiconductor Line Operation, dated as of December 23, 2012, by and between Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and D-Wave Systems Inc., as amended. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.28 |  | March 15, 2022
10.22#† |  | Full-Time Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2020, between D-Wave Commercial Inc. and Alan Baratz. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.29 |  | March 15, 2022
10.23#† |  | Form of DWSI Holdings Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Award Agreement—Option between Alan Baratz and DWSI Holdings Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.30 |  | March 15, 2022
10.24#† |  | Full-time Employment Agreement dated as of August 20, 2021, between D-Wave Commercial Inc. and John Markovich. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.31 |  | March 15, 2022
10.25#† |  | Form of D-Wave Systems Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Award Agreement—Option between John Markovich and D-Wave Systems Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.32 |  | March 15, 2022
10.26# |  | DWSI Holdings Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4 |  | 10.35 |  | March 15, 2022
10.27 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement of D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.36 |  | May 27, 2022
10.28# |  | 2022 Equity Incentive Plan. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.29 |  | August 10, 2022
10.29# |  | 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.30 |  | August 10, 2022
10.30 |  | Venture Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of March 3, 2022, between D-Wave, D-Wave US Inc., D-Wave Government Inc., D-Wave Commercial Inc., D-Wave International Inc., D-Wave Quantum Solutions Inc. and Omni Circuit Boards Ltd., as Borrower, and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc., as Lender. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.39 |  | March 15, 2022
10.31 |  | DWSI Holdings Inc. Warrant Certificate for Purchase of Preferred Shares dated as of November 24, 2020 held by Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.40 |  | March 15, 2022
10.32 |  | Form of Performance Guarantee of D-Wave Quantum Inc. to Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.41 |  | May 27, 2022
10.33 |  | Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2022, among D-Wave Quantum Inc., D-Wave Systems Inc., DPCM Capital, Inc. and Lincoln Park Fund, LLC. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.43 |  | June 23, 2022

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Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference Exhibits
|  |  |  | Filer |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date
10.34 |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2022, among D-Wave Quantum Inc., D-Wave Systems Inc., DPCM Capital, Inc. and Lincoln Park Fund, LLC. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-4/A |  | 10.44 |  | June 23, 2022
10.35 |  | Amended and Restated Side Letter Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2022, among D-Wave Quantum Inc. and Public Sector Pension Investment Board. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.1 |  | September 27, 2022
10.36#† |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Employment Agreement, dated October 27, 2022. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.2 |  | Nov 2, 2022
10.37# |  | Form of D-Wave Quantum Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 10.3 |  | November 2, 2022
10.38#* |  | Form of D-Wave Quantum Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan Option Award Agreement. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10.39#†* |  | Full-time Employment Agreement dated as of February 20, 2015, between D-Wave Systems Inc. and Victoria Brydon, as amended. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10.40#†* |  | Form of DWSI Holdings Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan Award Agreement—Option between Victoria Brydon and DWSI Holdings Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
21.1 |  | List of subsidiaries of D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | D-Wave Quantum Inc. |  | S-1 |  | 21.1 |  | August 29, 2022
23.1* |  | Consent of Marcum LLP, independent registered public accounting firm of DPCM Capital Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
23.2* |  | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm of D-Wave Systems Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
23.3* |  | Consent of Holland & Knight LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
24* |  | Power of Attorney. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
107* |  | Calculation of Filing Fee Table. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* | Filed herewith.

# | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

† | Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by “[*****]”) have been redacted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(a)(6).

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| Item 17. | Undertakings

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

| (i) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

| (ii) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

| (iii) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that: Paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

| (4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

| (i) | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

| (ii) | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

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| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Burnaby, Province of British Columbia, Country of Canada, on this 10th day of February, 2023.

D-Wave Quantum Inc.
By: |  | /s/ Alan Baratz
|  | Name: Alan Baratz
|  | Title: President & Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

NAME |  | TITLE |  | DATE
/s/ Alan Baratz Alan Baratz |  | President & Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |  | February 10, 2023
/s/ John M. Markovich John M. Markovich |  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  | February 10, 2023
* Steven M. West |  | Chairman |  | February 10, 2023
* Emil Michael |  | Director |  | February 10, 2023
* Eduard van Gelderen |  | Director |  | February 10, 2023
* Roger Biscay |  | Director |  | February 10, 2023
* Amy Cappellanti-Wolf |  | Director |  | February 10, 2023
* Michael Rogers |  | Director |  | February 10, 2023

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*By: |  | /s/ Alan Baratz |  | February 10, 2023
Name: |  | Alan Baratz
Title: |  | Attorney-in-fact

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POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned constitutes and appoints each of Alan Baratz and John M. Markovich, each acting alone, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this Registration Statement on Form S-1, or other appropriate form, and all amendments thereto, including post-effective amendments, of D-Wave Quantum Inc., and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other document in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that any such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following person in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

NAME |  | TITLE |  | DATE
/s/ Alan Baratz Alan Baratz |  | President & Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |  | February 8 , 2023
/s/ John M. Markovich John M. Markovich |  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  | February 8 , 2023
/s/ Steven M. West Steven M. West |  | Chairman |  | February 8 , 2023
/s/ Emil Michael Emil Michael |  | Director |  | February 9 , 2023
/s/ Eduard van Gelderen Eduard van Gelderen |  | Director |  | February 10 , 2023
/s/ Roger Biscay Roger Biscay |  | Director |  | February 9 , 2023
/s/ Amy Cappellanti-Wolf Amy Cappellanti-Wolf |  | Director |  | February 9 , 2023
/s/ Michael Rogers Michael Rogers |  | Director |  | February 9 , 2023

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