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Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Old National used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Investment securities: The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Discounted cash flows are calculated using swap and LIBOR curves plus spreads that adjust for loss severities, volatility, credit risk, and optionality. During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.

Residential loans held for sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2).

Derivative financial instruments: The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based on derivative valuation models using market data inputs as of the valuation date (Level 2).

Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option, are summarized below:


			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2021 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets
Equity securities	$	2,429	$	2,429	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	228,890		228,890		—		—
U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies	1,373,533		—		1,373,533		—
Mortgage-backed securities - Agency	3,385,339		—		3,385,339		—
States and political subdivisions	1,467,804		—		1,467,804		—
Pooled trust preferred securities	8,210		—		—		8,210
Other securities	260,754		—		260,754		—
Residential loans held for sale	50,281		—		50,281		—
Derivative assets	138,444		—		138,444		—
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	23,700		—		23,700		—


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets
Equity securities	$	2,547	$	2,547	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	10,208		10,208		—		—
U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies	841,988		—		841,988		—
Mortgage-backed securities - Agency	3,339,098		—		3,339,098		—
States and political subdivisions	1,492,162		—		1,492,162		—
Pooled trust preferred securities	7,913		—		—		7,913
Other securities	278,746		—		278,746		—
Residential loans held for sale	63,250		—		63,250		—
Derivative assets	140,201		—		140,201		—
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	18,187		—		18,187		—

The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


(dollars in thousands)	Pooled Trust Preferred Securities		States and Political Subdivisions
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	7,913	$	—
Accretion of discount	5		—
Sales/payments received	(15)		—
Increase in fair value of securities	307		—
Balance at end of period	$	8,210	$	—

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	8,222	$	40
Accretion of discount	4		—
Sales/payments received	(17)		(40)
Decrease in fair value of securities	(787)		—

Balance at end of period	$	7,422	$	—

The accretion of discounts on securities in the table above is included in interest income. The increase or decrease in the fair value of securities in the table above is included in the unrealized holding gains (losses) for the period in the statement of other comprehensive income. An increase in fair value is reflected in the balance sheet as an increase in the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale, an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is included in shareholders’ equity, and a decrease in other assets related to the tax impact. A decrease in fair value is reflected in the balance sheet as a decrease in the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale, a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is included in shareholders’ equity, and an increase in other assets related to the tax impact.

The table below provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average) (4)

March 31, 2021

Pooled trust preferred securities

8,210

Discounted cash flow

Constant prepayment rate (1)

0.00%

Additional asset defaults (2)

6.0% - 8.7% (6.9%)

Expected asset recoveries (3)

0.0% - 23.3% (7.4%)

December 31, 2020

Pooled trust preferred securities

7,913

Discounted cash flow

Constant prepayment rate (1)

0.00%

Additional asset defaults (2)

6.0% - 8.7% (6.8%)

Expected asset recoveries (3)

0.0% - 23.2% (7.3%)

(1)Assuming no prepayments.

(2)Each currently performing pool asset is assigned a default probability based on the banking environment, which is adjusted for specific issuer evaluation, of 0%, 50%, or 100%.

(3)Each currently defaulted pool asset is assigned a recovery probability based on specific issuer evaluation of 0%, 25%, or 100%.

(4)Unobservable inputs are weighted by the estimated number of defaults and current performing collateral of the instruments.

Significant changes in any of the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement in isolation would have resulted in a significant change to the fair value measurement. The pooled trust preferred securities Old National owns are subordinate note classes that rely on an ongoing cash flow stream to support their values. The senior note classes receive the benefit of prepayments to the detriment of subordinate note classes since the ongoing interest cash flow stream is reduced by the early redemption. Generally, a change in prepayment rates or additional pool asset defaults would have an impact that is directionally opposite from a change in the expected recovery of a defaulted pool asset.

Non-Recurring Basis

Assets measured at fair value at March 31, 2021 on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:


			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2021 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral Dependent Loans:
Commercial loans	$	12,484	$	—	$	—	$	12,484
Commercial real estate loans	18,983		—		—		18,983
Foreclosed Assets:

Residential	15		—		—		15
Loan servicing rights	334		—		334		—

Commercial and commercial real estate loans that are deemed collateral dependent are valued using the discounted cash flows. The liquidation amounts are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral using the most recently available appraisals with certain adjustments made based on the type of property, age of appraisal, current status of the property, and other related factors to estimate the current value of the collateral. These commercial and commercial real estate loans had a principal amount of $35.9 million, with a valuation allowance of $4.5 million at March 31, 2021. Old National recorded provision recoveries associated with these loans totaling $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Old National recorded provision expense associated with commercial and commercial real estate loans that were deemed collateral dependent totaling $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Other real estate owned and other repossessed property is measured at fair value less costs to sell on a non-recurring basis and had a net carrying amount of $15 thousand at March 31, 2021. There were write-downs of other real estate owned of $23 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021. There were write-downs of other real estate owned of $11 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an individual tranche exceeds fair value, impairment is recorded on that tranche so that the servicing asset is carried at fair value. Fair value is determined at a tranche level, based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts when available, or alternatively based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model utilizes a discount rate, weighted average prepayment speed, and other economic factors that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and that can be validated against available market data (Level 2). The valuation allowance for loan servicing rights with impairments at March 31, 2021 totaled $0.1 million. Old National recorded recoveries associated with these loan servicing rights totaling $1.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021. There were impairments of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Assets measured at fair value at December 31, 2020 on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral Dependent Loans:
Commercial loans	$	10,747	$	—	$	—	$	10,747
Commercial real estate loans	40,653		—		—		40,653



Loan servicing rights	26,717		—		26,717		—

At December 31, 2020, commercial and commercial real estate loans that are deemed collateral dependent had a principal amount of $57.2 million, with a valuation allowance of $5.8 million.

The valuation allowance for loan servicing rights with impairments at December 31, 2020 totaled $1.4 million.

The table below provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average) (2)

March 31, 2021

Collateral Dependent Loans

Commercial loans

12,484

Discounted

Discount for type of property,

2% - 27% (10%)

cash flow

age of appraisal, and current status

Commercial real estate loans

18,983

Discounted

Discount for type of property,

4% - 20% (12%)

cash flow

age of appraisal, and current status

Foreclosed Assets

Residential (1)

Fair value of

Discount for type of property,

60%

collateral

age of appraisal, and current status

December 31, 2020

Collateral Dependent Loans

Commercial loans

10,747

Discounted

Discount for type of property,

0% - 33% (12%)

cash flow

age of appraisal, and current status

Commercial real estate loans

40,653

Discounted

Discount for type of property,

0% - 18% (7%)

cash flow

age of appraisal, and current status

(1)There was only one foreclosed residential asset at March 31, 2021, so no range or weighted average is reported.

(2)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

Fair Value Option

Old National may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in net income. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability, or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made.

Residential Loans Held For Sale

Old National has elected the fair value option for residential loans held for sale. For these loans, interest income is recorded in the consolidated statements of income based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on the financial assets (except any that are on nonaccrual status). None of these loans are 90 days or more past due, nor are any on nonaccrual status. Included in the income statement is interest income for loans held for sale totaling $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Old National has elected the fair value option for newly originated conforming fixed-rate and adjustable-rate first mortgage loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and are hedged with derivative instruments. Old National has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplification. The fair value option was not elected for loans held for investment.

The difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining principal balance for loans for which the fair value option has been elected was as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	Aggregate Fair Value		Difference		Contractual Principal
March 31, 2021
Residential loans held for sale	$	50,281	$	1,107	$	49,174
December 31, 2020
Residential loans held for sale	$	63,250	$	3,485	$	59,765

Accrued interest at period end is included in the fair value of the instruments.

The following table presents the amount of gains and losses from fair value changes included in income before income taxes for financial assets carried at fair value:


(dollars in thousands)	Other Gains and (Losses)		Interest Income		Interest (Expense)		Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Current Period Earnings
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Residential loans held for sale	$	(2,380)	$	2	$	—	$	(2,378)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Residential loans held for sale	$	1,421	$	2	$	—	$	1,423

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value were as follows:


			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2021 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets
Cash, due from banks, money market, and other interest-earning investments	$	457,777	$	457,777	$	—	$	—




Loans, net:
Commercial	4,042,345		—		—		4,060,059
Commercial real estate	6,002,458		—		—		5,962,329
Residential real estate	2,193,012		—		—		2,201,917
Consumer credit	1,573,409		—		—		1,569,425
Accrued interest receivable	80,841		947		26,169		53,725

Financial Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	6,091,054	$	6,091,054	$	—	$	—
Checking, NOW, savings, and money market interest-bearing deposits	10,715,798		10,640,798		74,998		—
Time deposits	1,042,903		—		1,057,644		—
Federal funds purchased and interbank borrowings	922		922		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	395,242		395,242		—		—
FHLB advances	1,912,541		—		1,974,389		—
Other borrowings	266,282		—		279,515		—
Accrued interest payable	3,257		—		3,257		—
Standby letters of credit	455		—		—		455

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
Commitments to extend credit	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,873


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets
Cash, due from banks, money market, and other interest-earning investments	$	589,712	$	589,712	$	—	$	—




Loans, net:
Commercial	3,922,642		—		—		3,912,948
Commercial real estate	5,867,795		—		—		5,797,447
Residential real estate	2,235,814		—		—		2,264,274
Consumer credit	1,628,840		—		—		1,618,365
Accrued interest receivable	85,306		21		27,977		57,308

Financial Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	5,633,672	$	5,633,672	$	—	$	—
Checking, NOW, savings, and money market interest-bearing deposits	10,280,911		10,180,911		99,957		—
Time deposits	1,122,870		—		1,140,922		—
Federal funds purchased and interbank borrowings	1,166		1,166		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	431,166		431,166		—		—
FHLB advances	1,991,435		—		2,092,033		—
Other borrowings	252,787		—		254,612		—
Accrued interest payable	5,443		—		5,443		—
Standby letters of credit	462		—		—		462

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
Commitments to extend credit	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11,822

The methods utilized to measure the fair value of financial instruments at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 represent an approximation of exit price, however, an actual exit price may differ.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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