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Fair Value | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value | FAIR VALUE Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values: •Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date. •Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. •Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Old National used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument: Investment securities and equity securities: The fair values for investment securities and equity securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Discounted cash flows are calculated using swap and LIBOR curves plus spreads that adjust for loss severities, volatility, credit risk, and optionality. During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations. Residential loans held for sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2). Derivative financial instruments: The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based on derivative valuation models using market data inputs as of the valuation date (Level 2). Recurring Basis Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option, are summarized below:
|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 52,507 |  | $ | 52,507 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | 200,927 |  | 200,927 |  | — |  | — |
U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies | 1,175,080 |  | — |  | 1,175,080 |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities - Agency | 4,369,902 |  | — |  | 4,369,902 |  | — |
States and political subdivisions | 663,852 |  | — |  | 663,852 |  | — |
Pooled trust preferred securities | 10,811 |  | — |  | 10,811 |  | — |
Other securities | 353,140 |  | — |  | 353,140 |  | — |
Residential loans held for sale | 11,926 |  | — |  | 11,926 |  | — |
Derivative assets | 169,001 |  | — |  | 169,001 |  | — |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | 380,704 |  | — |  | 380,704 |  | — |
|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 13,211 |  | $ | 13,211 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Investment securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | 235,584 |  | 235,584 |  | — |  | — |
U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies | 1,542,773 |  | — |  | 1,542,773 |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities - Agency | 3,698,831 |  | — |  | 3,698,831 |  | — |
States and political subdivisions | 1,654,986 |  | — |  | 1,654,986 |  | — |
Pooled trust preferred securities | 9,496 |  | — |  | — |  | 9,496 |
Other securities | 240,396 |  | — |  | 240,396 |  | — |
Residential loans held for sale | 35,458 |  | — |  | 35,458 |  | — |
Derivative assets | 74,226 |  | — |  | 74,226 |  | — |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities | 41,872 |  | — |  | 41,872 |  | — |
The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
(dollars in thousands) | Pooled Trust Preferred Securities | States and Political Subdivisions
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 9,496 |  | $ | — |
Accretion (amortization) of discount or premium | 12 |  | — |
Increase (decrease) in fair value of securities | 1,593 |  | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 | (11,101) |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 7,913 |  | $ | — |
Accretion (amortization) of discount or premium | 20 |  | — |
Sales/payments received | (27) |  | — |
Increase (decrease) in fair value of securities | 1,590 |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 9,496 |  | $ | — |
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 8,222 |  | $ | 40 |
Accretion (amortization) of discount or premium | 15 |  | — |
Sales/payments received | (64) |  | (40) |
Increase (decrease) in fair value of securities | (260) |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 7,913 |  | $ | — |
The accretion of discounts or amortization of premiums on securities in the table above is included in interest income. The increase or decrease in the fair value of securities in the table above is included in the unrealized holding gains (losses) for the period in the statement of other comprehensive income (loss). An increase in fair value is reflected in the balance sheet as an increase in the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale, an increase in AOCI, which is included in shareholders’ equity, and a decrease in other assets related to the tax impact. A decrease in fair value is reflected in the balance sheet as a decrease in the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale, a decrease in AOCI, which is included in shareholders’ equity, and an increase in other assets related to the tax impact. During 2022, Old National’s pooled trust preferred securities with a fair value of $11.1 million were transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 2 because of available observable market data for these investments. The table below provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value | Valuation Techniques | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average) (4)
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Pooled trust preferred securities | $ | 9,496 |  | Discounted cash flow | Constant prepayment rate (1) | 0.0%
|  |  | Additional asset defaults (2) | 5.7% - 8.5% (6.5%)
|  |  | Expected asset recoveries (3) | 0.0% - 46.0% (14.1%)
(1)Assuming no prepayments. (2)Each currently performing pool asset is assigned a default probability based on the banking environment, which is adjusted for specific issuer evaluation, of 0%, 50%, or 100%. (3)Each currently defaulted pool asset is assigned a recovery probability based on specific issuer evaluation of 0%, 25%, or 100%. (4)Unobservable inputs are weighted by the estimated number of defaults and current performing collateral of the instruments. Significant changes in any of the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement in isolation would have resulted in a significant change to the fair value measurement. The pooled trust preferred securities Old National owns are subordinate note classes that rely on an ongoing cash flow stream to support their values. The senior note classes receive the benefit of prepayments to the detriment of subordinate note classes since the ongoing interest cash flow stream is reduced by the early redemption. Generally, a change in prepayment rates or additional pool asset defaults would have an impact that is directionally opposite from a change in the expected recovery of a defaulted pool asset. Non-Recurring Basis Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:
|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral Dependent Loans: |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 22,562 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 22,562 |
Commercial real estate loans | 48,026 |  | — |  | — |  | 48,026 |
Commercial and commercial real estate loans that are deemed collateral dependent are valued using the discounted cash flows. The liquidation amounts are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral using the most recently available appraisals with certain adjustments made based on the type of property, age of appraisal, current status of the property, and other related factors to estimate the current value of the collateral. These commercial and commercial real estate loans had a principal amount of $92.0 million, with a valuation allowance of $21.5 million at December 31, 2022. Old National recorded provision expense associated with commercial and commercial real estate loans that were deemed collateral dependent totaling $20.3 million in 2022. Other real estate owned and other repossessed property is measured at fair value less costs to sell on a non-recurring basis. Old National did not have any other real estate owned or repossessed property measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2022. There were write-downs of other real estate owned of $0.6 million in 2022. Loan servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an individual tranche exceeds fair value, impairment is recorded on that tranche so that the servicing asset is carried at fair value. Fair value is determined at a tranche level, based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts when available, or alternatively based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model utilizes a discount rate, weighted average prepayment speed, and other economic factors that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and that can be validated against available market data (Level 2). There was no valuation allowance for loan servicing rights with impairments at December 31, 2022. Old National recorded recoveries associated with these loan servicing rights totaling $46 thousand in 2022. Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2021 are summarized below:
|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral Dependent Loans: |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 2,364 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,364 |
Commercial real estate loans | 16,308 |  | — |  | — |  | 16,308 |
Loan servicing rights | 140 |  | — |  | 140 |  | — |
At December 31, 2021, commercial and commercial real estate loans that were deemed collateral dependent had a principal amount of $21.0 million, with a valuation allowance of $2.1 million. Old National recorded provision recapture associated with these loans totaling $0.1 million in 2021. The valuation allowance for loan servicing rights with impairments at December 31, 2021 totaled $46 thousand. Old National recorded recoveries associated with these loan servicing rights totaling $1.4 million in 2021. The table below provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value | Valuation Techniques | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average)(1)
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Loans |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 22,562 |  | Discounted cash flow | Discount for type of property, age of appraisal, and current status | 10% - 47% (28%)
Commercial real estate loans | 48,026 |  | Discounted cash flow | Discount for type of property, age of appraisal, and current status | 1% -26% (11%)
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Collateral Dependent Loans |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 2,364 |  | Discounted cash flow | Discount for type of property, age of appraisal, and current status | 14% - 15% (14%)
Commercial real estate loans | 16,308 |  | Discounted cash flow | Discount for type of property, age of appraisal, and current status | 6% - 10% (8%)
(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments. Fair Value Option Old National may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in net income. After the initial adoption, the election is made at the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability, or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made. Residential Loans Held For Sale Old National has elected the fair value option for residential loans held for sale. For these loans, interest income is recorded in the consolidated statements of income based on the contractual amount of interest income earned on the financial assets (except any that are on nonaccrual status). None of these loans are 90 days or more past due, nor are any on nonaccrual status. Included in the income statement is interest income for loans held for sale totaling $1.8 million in 2022, $1.5 million in 2021, and $2.0 million in 2020. Newly originated conforming fixed-rate and adjustable-rate first mortgage loans are intended for sale and are hedged with derivative instruments. Old National has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplification. The fair value option was not elected for loans held for investment. The difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining principal balance for loans for which the fair value option has been elected was as follows:
(dollars in thousands) | Aggregate Fair Value | Difference | Contractual Principal
December 31, 2022 |  |  |
Residential loans held for sale | $ | 11,926 |  | $ | 221 |  | $ | 11,705 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |
Residential loans held for sale | $ | 35,458 |  | $ | 1,342 |  | $ | 34,116 |
Accrued interest at period end is included in the fair value of the instruments. The following table presents the amount of gains and losses from fair value changes included in income before income taxes for financial assets carried at fair value:
(dollars in thousands) | Other Gains and (Losses) | Interest Income | Interest (Expense) | Total Changes in Fair Values Included in Current Period Earnings
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Residential loans held for sale | $ | (1,127) |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | (4) |  | $ | (1,121) |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Residential loans held for sale | $ | (2,139) |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | (6) |  | $ | (2,143) |
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value were as follows:
|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets |  |  |  |
Cash, due from banks, money market, and other interest-earning investments | $ | 728,412 |  | $ | 728,412 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Investment securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |
U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies | 819,168 |  | — |  | 656,358 |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities - Agency | 1,106,817 |  | — |  | 982,963 |  | — |
State and political subdivisions | 1,163,162 |  | — |  | 1,004,361 |  | — |
Loans, net: |  |  |  |
Commercial | 9,386,862 |  | — |  | — |  | 9,066,583 |
Commercial real estate | 12,317,825 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,867,851 |
Residential real estate | 6,438,525 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,372,491 |
Consumer credit | 2,676,758 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,557,115 |
Accrued interest receivable | 190,521 |  | 758 |  | 52,081 |  | 137,682 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 11,930,798 |  | $ | 11,930,798 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Checking, NOW, savings, and money market interest-bearing deposits | 20,056,252 |  | 20,056,252 |  | — |  | — |
Time deposits | 3,013,780 |  | — |  | 2,976,389 |  | — |
Federal funds purchased and interbank borrowings | 581,489 |  | 581,489 |  | — | — |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 432,804 |  | 432,804 |  | — | — |
FHLB advances | 3,829,018 |  | — |  | 3,739,780 |  | — |
Other borrowings | 743,003 |  | — |  | 703,156 |  | — |
Accrued interest payable | 19,547 |  | — |  | 19,547 |  | — |
Standby letters of credit | 755 |  | — |  | — |  | 755 |
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,666 |
|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets |  |  |  |
Cash, due from banks, money market, and other interest-earning investments | $ | 822,019 |  | $ | 822,019 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Loans, net: |  |  |  |
Commercial | 3,363,175 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,335,009 |
Commercial real estate | 6,315,574 |  | — |  | — |  | 6,211,854 |
Residential real estate | 2,245,942 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,216,900 |
Consumer credit | 1,569,814 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,582,600 |
Accrued interest receivable | 84,109 |  | 688 |  | 35,790 |  | 47,631 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 6,303,106 |  | $ | 6,303,106 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Checking, NOW, savings, and money market interest-bearing deposits | 11,305,676 |  | 11,305,676 |  | — |  | — |
Time deposits | 960,413 |  | — |  | 968,658 |  | — |
Federal funds purchased and interbank borrowings | 276 |  | 276 |  | — | — |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 392,275 |  | 392,275 |  | — | — |
FHLB advances | 1,886,019 |  | — |  | 1,935,140 |  | — |
Other borrowings | 296,670 |  | — |  | 311,532 |  | — |
Accrued interest payable | 5,496 |  | — |  | 5,496 |  | — |
Standby letters of credit | 454 |  | — |  | — |  | 454 |
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,678 |
The methods utilized to measure the fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 represent an approximation of exit price, however, an actual exit price may differ.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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