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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
The following is a summary of the major items comprising the differences in taxes from continuing operations computed at the federal statutory rate and as recorded in the consolidated statements of income:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(dollars in thousands)2024202320242023
Provision at statutory rate of 21%
$38,867 $40,358 $103,810 $122,352 
Tax-exempt income:
Tax-exempt interest(4,871)(4,625)(14,856)(13,716)
Section 291/265 interest disallowance927 675 2,768 1,593 
Company-owned life insurance income(1,089)(743)(2,961)(2,315)
Tax-exempt income(5,033)(4,693)(15,049)(14,438)
State income taxes7,485 8,163 18,965 24,856 
Interim period effective rate adjustment1,096 116 1,969 (607)
Tax credit investments - federal(3,619)(2,071)(9,780)(7,122)
Officer compensation limitation765 1,040 3,021 3,120 
Non-deductible FDIC premiums2,462 1,949 6,241 6,096 
Other, net(743)(558)(159)(1,139)
Income tax expense$41,280 $44,304 $109,018 $133,118 
Effective tax rate22.3 %23.1 %22.1 %22.9 %
Net Deferred Tax Assets
Net deferred tax assets are included in other assets on the balance sheet. At September 30, 2024, net deferred tax assets totaled $401.8 million, compared to $423.3 million at December 31, 2023. No valuation allowance was required on the Company’s deferred tax assets at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
The Company’s retained earnings at September 30, 2024 included an appropriation for acquired thrifts’ tax bad debt allowances totaling $58.6 million for which no provision for federal or state income taxes has been made. If in the future, this portion of retained earnings were distributed as a result of the liquidation of the Company or its subsidiaries, federal and state income taxes would be imposed at the then applicable rates.
Old National has federal net operating loss carryforwards totaling $67.4 million at September 30, 2024 and $63.6 million at December 31, 2023. This federal net operating loss was acquired from the acquisition of Anchor BanCorp Wisconsin Inc. in 2016, First Midwest Bancorp, Inc. in 2022, and CapStar Financial Holdings, Inc. in 2024. If not used, the federal net operating loss carryforwards will begin expiring in 2032 and later. Old National has recorded state net operating loss carryforwards totaling $108.9 million at September 30, 2024 and $116.9 million at December 31, 2023. If not used, the state net operating loss carryforwards will expire from 2027 to 2036.
The federal and recorded state net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Internal Revenue Code section 382. Old National believes that all of the federal and recorded state net operating loss carryforwards will be used prior to expiration.