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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Differences in Taxes from Continuing Operations Computed at Statutory Rate

Following is a summary of the major items comprising the differences in taxes from continuing operations computed at the federal statutory rate and as recorded in the consolidated statement of income:

			Years Ended December 31,
			2025									2024									2023
(dollars in thousands)			Amount			Percent						Amount			Percent						Amount			Percent
Provision at statutory rate			$	176,693		21.0		%				$	142,892		21.0		%				$	157,774		21.0		%
State income taxes			32,948			3.9						19,619			2.9						31,164			4.1
Tax credit investments - federal:
New market tax credits			(24,881)			(3.0)						(12,476)			(1.8)						(7,545)			(1.0)
Other tax credit investments			(3,439)			(0.4)						(2,353)			(0.3)						(4,645)			(0.6)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items:
Tax-exempt interest			(22,518)			(2.7)						(19,439)			(2.9)						(18,582)			(2.5)
FDIC premiums			10,792			1.3						8,754			1.3						7,912			1.1
Other nontaxable or nondeductible items			1,762			0.2						2,772			0.4						2,816			0.4
Change in uncertain tax positions			374			—						(2,811)			(0.4)						(832)			(0.1)
Other, net			405			—						4,292			0.6						1,248			0.2
Income tax expense			$	172,136		20.5		%				$	141,250		20.8		%				$	169,310		22.5		%

Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following components:

			Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						2023
Income taxes currently payable:
Federal			$	62,964					$	99,532					$	121,428
State			27,146						21,317						37,331
Deferred income taxes related to:
Federal			66,601						14,956						7,941
State			15,425						5,445						2,610
Deferred income tax expense			82,026						20,401						10,551
Income tax expense			$	172,136					$	141,250					$	169,310

Schedule of Significant Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)

Significant components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows:

			December 31,
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024
Deferred Tax Assets
Allowance for credit losses on loans, net of recapture			$	157,121					$	105,475
Acquired loans			152,407						49,093
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities			141,993						222,467
Operating lease liabilities			65,656						57,495
Benefit plan accruals			43,871						40,089
Net operating loss carryforwards			28,327						19,601
Unrealized losses on held-to-maturity investment securities			23,640						27,664
FDIC deductible premiums			790						3,766
Purchase accounting assets			—						10,062
Other, net			4,550						6,658
Total deferred tax assets			618,355						542,370
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Operating lease right-of-use assets			(60,676)						(52,441)
Purchase accounting liabilities			(31,694)						—
Loan servicing rights			(17,453)						(10,012)
Premises and equipment			(16,388)						(13,358)
Unrealized gains on hedges			(7,343)						(1,505)
Prepaid expenses			(5,685)						(3,982)
Tax credit investments and other partnerships			(1,809)						(2,310)
Other, net			(4,138)						(2,315)
Total deferred tax liabilities			(145,186)						(85,923)
Net deferred tax assets			$	473,169					$	456,447

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of unrecognized tax benefits:

			Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						2023
Balance at beginning of period			$	6,994					$	9,955					$	11,007
Additions for acquired uncertain tax positions			8,178						—						—
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years			2,152						—						60
Reductions due to statute of limitations expiring			(1,579)						(2,961)						(1,112)
Balance at end of period			$	15,745					$	6,994					$	9,955

Summary of Income Taxes Paid

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information:

			Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						2023
Cash payments:
Interest			$	1,239,737					$	1,066,609					$	666,121
Income taxes, net of refunds			154,293						100,576						190,303
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
Transfer of premises and equipment to assets held-for-sale			(3,588)						—						—
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations			56,969						22,494						20,260
Finance lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations			9,979						10,073						10,019

The following table presents the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal and state taxes:

						Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)						2025						2024						2023
Jurisdiction Type			Jurisdiction			Income Taxes Paid (Net of Refunds)
Federal			Federal			$	116,600					$	78,639					$	137,386
State			Minnesota			15,090						5,225						8,600
State			Illinois			13,500						2,500						28,200
State			All others			9,103						14,212						16,117
Total						$	154,293					$	100,576					$	190,303

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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