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Transfers of financial assets and mortgage servicing assets | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets |
Transfers Of Financial Assets And Mortgage Servicing Assets | Note 12 – Transfers of financ ial assets and mortgage servicing assets The Corporation typically transfers conforming residential mortgage lo ans in conjunction with GNMA and FNMA securitization transactions whereby the loans are exchanged for cash or securities and servicing rights. As seller, the Corporation has made certain representations and warranties with respect to the originally transferred loans and, in the past, has sold certain loans with credit recourse to a government-sponsored entity, namely FNMA. Refer to Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial S tatements for a description of such arrangements. No liabilities were incurred as a result of the se securitizations during the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 because they did not contain any credit recourse arran gements. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation recorded a net gain of $3.7 million (March 31, 2018 - $1.0 million) related to the residential mortgage loans securitized. The following tables present the initial fair value of the assets obtained as proceeds from residential mortgage loans securitized during the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
|  | Proceeds Obtained During the Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
(In thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Initial Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading account debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - GNMA | $ | - | $ | 71,149 | $ | - | $ | 71,149
Mortgage-backed securities - FNMA |  | - |  | 20,918 |  | - |  | 20,918
Total trading account debt securities | $ | - | $ | 92,067 | $ | - | $ | 92,067
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,658 | $ | 1,658
Total | $ | - | $ | 92,067 | $ | 1,658 | $ | 93,725
|  | Proceeds Obtained During the Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
(In thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Initial Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - FNMA | $ | - | $ | 5,722 | $ | - | $ | 5,722
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | - | $ | 5,722 | $ | - | $ | 5,722
Trading account debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - GNMA | $ | - | $ | 112,495 | $ | - | $ | 112,495
Mortgage-backed securities - FNMA |  | - |  | 20,025 |  | - |  | 20,025
Total trading account debt securities | $ | - | $ | 132,520 | $ | - | $ | 132,520
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,415 | $ | 2,415
Total | $ | - | $ | 138,242 | $ | 2,415 | $ | 140,657
During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation retained servicing rights on whole loan sales involving approximately $11.9 million in principal balance outstanding (March 31, 2018 - $10.0 million), with realized gains of approximately $0.4 million (March 31, 2018 - gains of $0.1 million). All loan sales performed during the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were without credit recourse agreements. The Corporati on recognizes as assets the rights to service loans for others, whether these rights are purchased or result from asset transfers such as sales and securitizations. These mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) are measured at fair value. The Corporation uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of MSRs. The discounted cash flow model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rate, co st to service, escrow account earnings, contractual servicing fee income, prepayment and late fees, among other considerations. Prepayment speeds are adjusted for the Corporation’s loan characteristics and portfolio behavior. The following table presents the changes in MSRs measured using the fair value method for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Residential MSRs
(In thousands) | March 31, 2019 | March 31, 2018
Fair value at beginning of period | $ | 169,777 | $ | 168,031
Additions |  | 1,861 |  | 2,557
Changes due to payments on loans[1] |  | (2,587) |  | (3,335)
Reduction due to loan repurchases |  | (491) |  | (972)
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions |  | (747) |  | -
Fair value at end of period | $ | 167,813 | $ | 166,281
[1] Represents changes due to collection / realization of expected cash flows over time. |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage loans serviced for others were $15.5 billion at March 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018 - $15.7 billion). Net mortgage servicing fees, a component of mort gage banking activities in the Consolidated Statements of O perations, include the changes from period to period in the fair value of the MSRs, including changes due to collection / realization of expected cash flows. The banking subsidiaries receive servicing fees based on a percentage of the outstanding loan bala nce. These servicing fees are credited to income when they are collected. At March 31, 2019, those weighted average mortgage servicing fees were 0.29% (March 31, 2018 - 0.30%). Under these servicing agreements, the banking subsidiaries do not generally earn significant prepayment penalty fees on the underlying loans serviced. The section below includes information on assumptions used in the valuation model of the MSRs, originated and purchased. Key economic assumptions used in measuring the servicing rights derived from loans securitized or sold by the Corporation during the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
| Quarters ended
| March 31, 2019 | March 31, 2018
Prepayment speed | 6.3 | % | 5.6 | %
Weighted average life (in years) | 9.9 |  | 9.1 |
Discount rate (annual rate) | 11.0 | % | 10.8 | %
Key economic assumptions used to estimate the fair value of MSRs derived from sales and securitizations of mortgage loans performed by the banking subsidiaries and servicing rights purchased from other financial institutions, and the sensitivity to immedia te changes in those assumptions, were as follows as of the end of the periods reported:
|  | Originated MSRs | Purchased MSRs
|  | March 31, | December 31, | March 31, | December 31,
(In thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018
Fair value of servicing rights | $ | 67,727 |  | $ | 69,400 |  | $ | 100,086 |  | $ | 100,377 |
Weighted average life (in years) |  | 7.1 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 6.6 |
Weighted average prepayment speed (annual rate) |  | 5.2 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  | 5.5 | %
| Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | $ | (1,381) |  | $ | (1,430) |  | $ | (2,169) |  | $ | (2,200) |
| Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | $ | (2,720) |  | $ | (2,817) |  | $ | (4,266) |  | $ | (4,328) |
Weighted average discount rate (annual rate) |  | 11.5 | % |  | 11.5 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 11.0 | %
| Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | $ | (2,957) |  | $ | (3,125) |  | $ | (4,232) |  | $ | (4,354) |
| Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | $ | (5,698) |  | $ | (6,019) |  | $ | (8,158) |  | $ | (8,394) |
The sensitivity analyses presented in the table above for servicing rights are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate, changes in fair value based on a 10 and 20 percent variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in as sumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in the sensitivity tables included herein, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses), which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. At March 31, 2019, the Co rporation serviced $1.3 billion (December 31, 2018 - $1.3 billion) in residential mortgage loans with credit recourse to the Corporation. Refer to Note 20 for information on changes in the Corporation’s liability of estimated loss es related to loans serviced with credit recourse. Under the GNMA securitizations, the Corporation, as servicer, has the right to repurchase (but not the obligation), at its option and without GNMA’s prior authorization, any loan that is collateral for a G NMA guaranteed mortgage-backed security when certain delinquency criteria are met. At the time that individual loans meet GNMA’s specified delinquency criteria and are eligible for repurchase, the Corporation is deemed to have regained effective control ov er these loans if the Corporation was the pool issuer. At March 31, 2019, t he Corporation had recorded $106 million in mortgage loans on its Consolidated Statements of F inancial Condition related to this buy-back option program (December 31, 2018 - $134 million). As long as the Corporation continues to service the loans that continue to be collateral in a GNMA guaranteed mortgage-backed security, the MSR is recognized by the Corporation. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation repurchased approximately $34 million (March 31, 2018 - $85 million) of mortgage loans under the GNMA buy-back option program. The determination to repurchase these loans was based on the economic benefits of the transaction, which results in a reduction of the servicing costs for these severely delinquent loans, mostly related to principal and interest advances. Furthermore, the risk associated with the loans is reduced due to their guaranteed nature. The Corp oration places these loans under its loss mitigation programs and once brought back to current status, these may be either retained in portfolio or re-sold in the secondary market.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a transferor's continuing involvement in financial assets that it has transferred in a securitization or asset-backed financing arrangement, the nature of any restrictions on assets reported by an entity in its statement of financial position that relate to a transferred financial asset (including the carrying amounts of such assets), how servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported, and (for securitization or asset-backed financing arrangements accounted for as sales) when a transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial assets and transfers of financial assets accounted for as secured borrowings, how the transfer of financial assets affects an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 860 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197590 + Details
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