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Derivative instruments and hedging activities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | Note 28 – Derivative instruments and hedging activities The use of derivatives is incorporated as part of the Corporation’s overall interest rate risk management strategy to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings and cash flows that are caused by interest rate volatility. The Corporation’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity by modifying the repricing or maturity characteristics of certain balance sheet assets and liabilities so that the net interest income is not materially affected by movements in interest rates. The Corporation uses derivatives in its trading activities to facilitate customer transactions, and as a means of risk management. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged fixed and variable interest rate assets and liabilities will appreciate or depreciate in fair value. The effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation is expected to be substantially offset by the Corporation’s gains or losses on the derivative instruments that are linked to these hedged assets and liabilities. As a matter of policy, the Corporation does not use highly leveraged derivative instruments for interest rate risk management. Market risk is the adverse effect that a change in interest rates, currency exchange rates, or implied volatility rates might have on the value of a financial instrument. The Corporation manages the market risk associated with interest rates and, to a limited extent, with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates by establishing and monitoring limits for the types and degree of risk that may be undertaken. By using derivative instruments, the Corporation exposes itself to credit and market risk. If a counterparty fails to fulfill its performance obligations under a derivative contract, the Corporation’s credit risk will equal the fair value of the derivative asset. Generally, when the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, this indicates that the counterparty owes the Corporation, thus creating a repayment risk for the Corporation. To manage the level of credit risk, the Corporation deals with counterparties of good credit standing, enters into master netting agreements whenever possible and, when appropriate, obtains collateral. On the other hand, when the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, the Corporation owes the counterparty and, therefore, the fair value of derivatives liabilities incorporates nonperformance risk or the risk that the obligation will not be fulfilled. The credit risk attributed to the counterparty’s nonperformance risk is incorporated in the fair value of the derivatives. Additionally, as required by the fair value measurements guidance, the fair value of the Corporation’s own credit standing is considered in the fair value of the derivative liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2019, inclusion of the credit risk in the fair value of the derivatives resulted in a gain of $0.2 million from the Corporation’s credit standing adjustment. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Corporation recognized a loss of $0.6 million and a gain of $0.2 million, respectively, from the Corporation’s credit standing adjustment. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Corporation recognized a loss of $0.1 million from the assessment of the counterparties’ credit risk. The Corporation’s derivatives are subject to agreements which allow a right of set-off with each respective counterparty. In an event of default each party has a right of set-off against the other party for amounts owed in the related agreement and any other amount or obligation owed in respect of any other agreement or transaction between them. Pursuant to the Corporation’s accounting policy, the fair value of derivatives is not offset with the fair value of other derivatives held with the same counterparty even if these agreements allow a right of set-off. In addition, the fair value of derivatives is not offset with the amounts for the right to reclaim financial collateral or the obligation to return financial collateral. Financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges or non-hedging derivatives outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
|  | Notional amount |  | Derivative assets | Derivative liabilities
|  |  |  | Statement of |  | Fair value at | Statement of |  | Fair value at
|  | At December 31, |  | condition |  | December 31, | condition |  | December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | classification |  | 2019 |  | 2018 | classification |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivatives designated as |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward contracts | $ | 97,600 | $ | 89,590 |  | Other assets | $ | 32 | $ | 12 | Other liabilities | $ | 264 | $ | 734
Total derivatives designated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
as hedging instruments | $ | 97,600 | $ | 89,590 |  |  | $ | 32 | $ | 12 |  | $ | 264 | $ | 734
Derivatives not designated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate caps |  | 169,962 |  | 177,826 |  | Other assets |  | 1 |  | 125 | Other liabilities |  | 1 |  | 119
Indexed options on deposits |  | 69,354 |  | 69,254 |  | Other assets |  | 17,933 |  | 13,466 | - |  | - |  | -
Bifurcated embedded options |  | 66,755 |  | 62,902 |  | - |  | - |  | - | Interest bearing deposits |  | 16,354 |  | 11,467
Total derivatives not |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
designated as |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
hedging instruments | $ | 306,071 | $ | 309,982 |  |  | $ | 17,934 | $ | 13,591 |  | $ | 16,355 | $ | 11,586
Total derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
and liabilities | $ | 403,671 | $ | 399,572 |  |  | $ | 17,966 | $ | 13,603 |  | $ | 16,619 | $ | 12,320
Cash Flow Hedges The Corporation utilizes forward contracts to hedge the sale of mortgage-backed securities with duration terms over one month. Interest rate forwards are contracts for the delayed delivery of securities, which the seller agrees to deliver on a specified future date at a specified price or yield. These forward contracts are hedging a forecasted transaction and thus qualify for cash flow hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). The amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) corresponding to these forward contracts is expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months. These contracts have a maximum remaining maturity of 83 days at December 31, 2019. For cash flow hedges, net gains (losses) on derivative contracts that are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to current period earnings are included in the line item in which the hedged item is recorded and during the period in which the forecasted transaction impacts earnings, as presented in the tables below.
Year ended December 31, 2019
(In thousands) | Amount of net gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives (effective portion) |  | Classification in the statement of operations of the net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion and ineffective portion) |  | Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion) |  | Amount of net gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives (ineffective portion)
Forward contracts | $ | (3,502) |  | Mortgage banking activities | $ | (3,992) | $ | -
Total | $ | (3,502) |  |  | $ | (3,992) | $ | -
Year ended December 31, 2018
(In thousands) | Amount of net gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives (effective portion) |  | Classification in the statement of operations of the net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion and ineffective portion) |  | Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion) |  | Amount of net gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives (ineffective portion)
Forward contracts | $ | 536 |  | Mortgage banking activities | $ | 1,202 | $ | (92)
Total | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | 1,202 | $ | (92)
Year ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands) | Amount of net gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives (effective portion) |  | Classification in the statement of operations of the net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion and ineffective portion) |  | Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion) |  | Amount of net gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives (ineffective portion)
Forward contracts | $ | (1,295) |  | Mortgage banking activities | $ | (1,920) | $ | 32
Total | $ | (1,295) |  |  | $ | (1,920) | $ | 32
Fair Value Hedges At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no derivatives designated as fair value hedges. Non-Hedging Activities For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Corporation recognized a loss of $ 1.2 million (2018 – gain of $ 1.3 million; 2017 – loss of $ 0.9 million) related to its non-hedging derivatives, as detailed in the table below.
| Amount of Net Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
|  | Year ended | Year ended | Year ended
| Classification of Net Gain (Loss) | December 31, | December 31, | December 31,
(In thousands) | Recognized in Income on Derivatives | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Forward contracts | Mortgage banking activities | $ | (2,254) | $ | 1,213 | $ | (1,484)
Interest rate swaps | Other operating income |  | - |  | - |  | 51
Foreign currency forward contracts | Other operating income |  | - |  | - |  | 67
Foreign currency forward contracts | Interest expense |  | - |  | - |  | (14)
Interest rate caps | Other operating income |  | (5) |  | (4) |  | (48)
Indexed options on deposits | Interest expense |  | 7,898 |  | 114 |  | 5,934
Bifurcated embedded options | Interest expense |  | (6,883) |  | (50) |  | (5,429)
Total |  | $ | (1,244) | $ | 1,273 | $ | (923)
Forward Contracts The Corporation has forward contracts to sell mortgage-backed securities, which are accounted for as trading derivatives. Changes in their fair value are recognized in mortgage banking activities. Interest Rates Swaps and Foreign Currency and Exchange Rate Commitments In addition to using derivative instruments as part of its interest rate risk management strategy, the Corporation also utilizes derivatives, such as interest rate swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts, in its capacity as an intermediary on behalf of its customers. The Corporation minimizes its market risk and credit risk by taking offsetting positions under the same terms and conditions with credit limit approvals and monitoring procedures. Market value changes on these swaps and other derivatives are recognized in earnings in the period of change. Interest Rate Caps The Corporation enters into interest rate caps as an intermediary on behalf of its customers and simultaneously takes offsetting positions under the same terms and conditions, thus minimizing its market and credit risks. Indexed and Embedded Options The Corporation offers certain customers’ deposits whose return are tied to the performance of the Standard and Poor’s (“S&P 500”) stock market indexes, and other deposits whose returns are tied to other stock market indexes or other equity securities performance. The Corporation bifurcated the related options embedded within these customers’ deposits from the host contract in accordance with ASC Subtopic 815-15. In order to limit the Corporation’s exposure to changes in these indexes, the Corporation purchases indexed options which returns are tied to the same indexes from major broker dealer companies in the over the counter market. Accordingly, the embedded options and the related indexed options are marked-to-market through earnings.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 + Details
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