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Income taxes - Differences between income tax expense (benefit) in Puerto Rico (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Amount |  |  |
Income tax expense | $ 132,330 | $ 309,018 | $ 111,938
PR |  |  |
Amount |  |  |
Computed income tax at statutory rates | 463,114 | 466,465 | 231,960
Benefit of net tax exempt interest income | (165,065) | (139,426) | (126,232)
Effect of income subject to preferential tax rate | (86,797) | (11,981) | (10,141)
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | (21,469) | 20,932 | 15,276
NOL Adjustments | (34,817) | 0 | 0
Difference in tax rates due to multiple jurisdictions | (26,887) | (30,719) | (1,903)
Unrecognized tax benefits | (1,503) | (5,484) | (2,163)
State and local taxes | 14,981 | 14,629 | 4,350
Other | (9,227) | (5,398) | 791
Income tax expense | $ 132,330 | $ 309,018 | $ 111,938
% of pre-tax income |  |  |
Computed income tax at statutory rates | 38.00% | 38.00% | 38.00%
Benefit of net tax exempt interest income | (13.00%) | (12.00%) | (20.00%)
Effect of income subject to preferential tax rate | (7.00%) | (1.00%) | (2.00%)
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | (2.00%) | 2.00% | 2.00%
NOL Adjustments | (3.00%) | 0.00% | 0.00%
Difference in tax rates due to multiple jurisdictions | (2.00%) | (3.00%) | 0.00%
Unrecognized tax benefits | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00%
State and local taxes | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.00%
Others | (1.00%) | 0.00% | 0.00%
Income tax expense | 11.00% | 25.00% | 18.00%

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