Fair value of financial instruments	12 Months Ended
Fair value of financial instruments	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Note 28 – Fair value of financial instruments The fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which an asset or obligation could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. For those financial instruments with no quoted market prices available, fair values have been estimated using present value calculations or other valuation techniques, as well as management’s best judgment with respect to current economic conditions, including discount rates, estimates of future cash flows, and prepayment assumptions. Many of these estimates involve various assumptions and may vary significantly from amounts that could be realized in actual transactions. The fair values reflected herein have been determined based on the prevailing rate environment at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, as applicable. In different interest rate environments, fair value estimates can differ significantly, especially for certain fixed rate financial instruments. In addition, the fair values presented do not attempt to estimate the value of the Corporation’s fee generating businesses and anticipated future business activities, that is, they do not represent the Corporation’s value as a going concern. There have been no changes in the Corporation’s valuation methodologies and inputs used to estimate the fair values for each class of financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value. The following tables present the carrying amount and estimated fair values of financial instruments with their corresponding level in the fair value hierarchy. The aggregate fair value amounts of the financial instruments disclosed do not represent management’s estimate of the underlying value of the Corporation. December 31, 2024 Carrying Measured (In thousands) amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 at NAV Fair value Financial Assets: Cash and due from banks $ 419,638 $ 419,638 $ - $ - $ - $ 419,638 Money market investments 6,380,948 6,371,180 9,768 - - 6,380,948 Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives [1] 32,783 2,814 29,752 217 - 32,783 Debt securities available-for-sale [1] 18,245,903 7,512,171 10,730,998 2,734 - 18,245,903 Debt securities held-to-maturity: U.S. Treasury securities $ 7,693,418 $ - $ 7,623,824 $ - $ - $ 7,623,824 Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions 51,865 - 6,866 44,711 - 51,577 Collateralized mortgage obligation-federal agency 1,518 - 1,304 - - 1,304 Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts 5,959 - 5,959 - - 5,959 Total debt securities held-to-maturity $ 7,752,760 $ - $ 7,637,953 $ 44,711 $ - $ 7,682,664 Equity securities: FHLB stock $ 55,786 $ - $ 55,786 $ - $ - $ 55,786 FRB stock 100,304 - 100,304 - - 100,304 Other investments 52,076 - 45,664 6,528 381 52,573 Total equity securities $ 208,166 $ - $ 201,754 $ 6,528 $ 381 $ 208,663 Loans held-for-sale $ 5,423 $ - $ 5,423 $ - $ - $ 5,423 Loans held-in-portfolio 36,361,628 - - 35,652,539 - 35,652,539 Mortgage servicing rights 108,103 - - 108,103 - 108,103 Derivatives 26,023 - 26,023 - - 26,023 December 31, 2024 Carrying Measured (In thousands) amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 at NAV Fair value Financial Liabilities: Deposits: Demand deposits $ 55,871,463 $ - $ 55,871,463 $ - $ - $ 55,871,463 Time deposits 9,012,882 - 8,795,803 - - 8,795,803 Total deposits $ 64,884,345 $ - $ 64,667,266 $ - $ - $ 64,667,266 Assets sold under agreements to repurchase $ 54,833 $ - $ 54,845 $ - $ - $ 54,845 Other short-term borrowings [2] 225,000 - 225,000 - - 225,000 Notes payable: FHLB advances $ 302,722 $ - $ 295,023 $ - $ - $ 295,023 Unsecured senior debt securities 395,198 - 415,148 - - 415,148 Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 198,373 - 189,758 - - 189,758 Total notes payable $ 896,293 $ - $ 899,929 $ - $ - $ 899,929 Derivatives $ 22,832 $ - $ 22,832 $ - $ - $ 22,832 [1] Refer to Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the fair value by class of financial asset and its hierarchy level. [2] Refer to Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the composition of other short-term borrowings. December 31, 2023 Carrying Measured (In thousands) amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 at NAV Fair value Financial Assets: Cash and due from banks $ 420,462 $ 420,462 $ - $ - $ - $ 420,462 Money market investments 6,998,871 6,991,758 7,113 - - 6,998,871 Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives [1] 31,568 16,859 14,425 284 - 31,568 Debt securities available-for-sale [1] 16,729,044 3,936,036 12,789,902 3,106 - 16,729,044 Debt securities held-to-maturity: U.S. Treasury securities $ 8,121,411 $ - $ 8,092,339 $ - $ - $ 8,092,339 Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions 59,628 - 7,007 52,671 - 59,678 Collateralized mortgage obligation-federal agency 1,556 - 1,395 13 - 1,408 Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts 5,960 - 5,960 - - 5,960 Total debt securities held-to-maturity $ 8,188,555 $ - $ 8,106,701 $ 52,684 $ - $ 8,159,385 Equity securities: FHLB stock $ 49,549 $ - $ 49,549 $ - $ - $ 49,549 FRB stock 98,948 - 98,948 - - 98,948 Other investments 45,229 - 37,965 7,869 310 46,144 Total equity securities $ 193,726 $ - $ 186,462 $ 7,869 $ 310 $ 194,641 Loans held-for-sale $ 4,301 $ - $ 4,328 $ - $ - $ 4,328 Loans held-in-portfolio 34,335,630 - - 33,376,255 - 33,376,255 Mortgage servicing rights 118,109 - - 118,109 - 118,109 Derivatives 24,419 - 24,419 - - 24,419 December 31, 2023 Carrying Measured (In thousands) amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 at NAV Fair value Financial Liabilities: Deposits: Demand deposits $ 55,116,351 $ - $ 55,116,351 $ - $ - $ 55,116,351 Time deposits 8,501,892 - 8,154,823 - - 8,154,823 Total deposits $ 63,618,243 $ - $ 63,271,174 $ - $ - $ 63,271,174 Assets sold under agreements to repurchase $ 91,384 $ - $ 91,386 $ - $ - $ 91,386 Notes payable: FHLB advances $ 394,665 $ - $ 377,851 $ - $ - $ 377,851 Unsecured senior debt securities 393,937 - 400,848 - - 400,848 Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 198,346 - 180,076 - - 180,076 Total notes payable $ 986,948 $ - $ 958,775 $ - $ - $ 958,775 Derivatives $ 21,103 $ - $ 21,103 $ - $ - $ 21,103 [1] Refer to Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the fair value by class of financial asset and its hierarchy level. Refer to Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the notional amount of commitments to extend credit, which represents the unused portion of credit facilities granted to customers, and letters of credit, which represent the contractual amount that is required to be paid in the event of nonperformance, at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair value of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, which are based on the fees charged to enter into those agreements, are not material to Popular’s financial statements.