Fair value measurement - Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	$ 20,686,423	$ 18,245,903
Mortgage servicing rights	99,523	108,103
US Treasury Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	15,706,765	12,995,110
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	104,700	120,284
Other
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	750	2,250
Recurring
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	20,686,423	18,245,903
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	33,106	32,783
Equity securities at fair value	50,872	46,045
Mortgage servicing rights	99,523	108,103
Loans held-for-sale	4,785	5,423
Derivatives	27,716	26,023
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	20,902,425	18,464,280
Liabilities
Derivatives	(26,157)	(22,832)
Total	(26,157)	(22,832)
Recurring \| US Treasury Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	15,706,765	12,995,110
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	8,036	2,824
Recurring \| Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	46	55
Recurring \| Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	104,700	120,284
Recurring \| CMO
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	595	655
Recurring \| Mortgage Backed Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	4,874,208	5,128,259
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	24,311	29,116
Recurring \| Other
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	750	2,250
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	118	133
Recurring \| Level 1
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	6,423,246	7,512,171
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	8,026	2,814
Equity securities at fair value	0	0
Mortgage servicing rights	0	0
Loans held-for-sale	0	0
Derivatives	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	6,431,272	7,514,985
Liabilities
Derivatives	0	0
Total	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| US Treasury Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	6,423,246	7,512,171
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	8,026	2,814
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| CMO
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Mortgage Backed Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Other
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 2
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	14,261,996	10,730,998
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	24,878	29,752
Equity securities at fair value	50,047	45,664
Mortgage servicing rights	0	0
Loans held-for-sale	4,785	5,423
Derivatives	27,716	26,023
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	14,369,422	10,837,860
Liabilities
Derivatives	(26,157)	(22,832)
Total	(26,157)	(22,832)
Recurring \| Level 2 \| US Treasury Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	9,283,519	5,482,939
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	10	10
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	46	55
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	104,700	120,284
Recurring \| Level 2 \| CMO
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	595	655
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Mortgage Backed Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	4,873,777	5,127,775
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	24,227	29,032
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Other
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	1,181	2,734
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	202	217
Equity securities at fair value	0	0
Mortgage servicing rights	99,523	108,103
Loans held-for-sale	0	0
Derivatives	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	100,906	111,054
Liabilities
Derivatives	0	0
Total	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| US Treasury Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| CMO
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Mortgage Backed Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	431	484
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	84	84
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Other
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	750	2,250
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	118	133	$ 154
Recurring \| NAV
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Equity securities at fair value	825	381
Mortgage servicing rights	0	0
Loans held-for-sale	0	0
Derivatives	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	825	381
Liabilities
Derivatives	0	0
Total	0	0
Recurring \| NAV \| US Treasury Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| NAV \| Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| NAV \| Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Recurring \| NAV \| CMO
Assets
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| NAV \| Mortgage Backed Securities
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	0	0
Recurring \| NAV \| Other
Assets
Debt securities available-for-sale	0	0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives	$ 0	$ 0

Fair value portion of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.

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