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Fair value of financial instruments - Carrying or notional amounts and estimated fair values for financial instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks $ 377,079 $ 419,638
Money market investments 4,754,391 6,380,948
Debt securities available-for-sale 20,686,423 18,245,903
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,427,298 7,752,760
Equity securities:    
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 218,993 208,166
Loans held in portfolio 37,900,938 36,361,628
Mortgage servicing rights 99,523 108,103
Deposits    
Time deposits 9,621,394 9,012,882
Deposits 66,513,404 64,884,345
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 56,853 54,833
Other short-term borrowings 400,000 225,000
Notes payable:    
Notes payable 789,954 896,293
US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities available-for-sale 15,706,765 12,995,110
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,374,072 7,693,418
Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 45,760 51,865
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities available-for-sale 104,700 120,284
Debt securities held-to-maturity 1,506 1,518
Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 5,960 5,959
Other    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities available-for-sale 750 2,250
Carrying amount    
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks 377,079 419,638
Money market investments 4,754,391 6,380,948
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives 33,106 32,783
Debt securities available-for-sale 20,686,423 18,245,903
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,427,298 7,752,760
Equity securities:    
FHLB stock 58,552 55,786
FRB stock 102,038 100,304
Other investments 58,403 52,076
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 218,993 208,166
Loans held-for-sale 7,783 5,423
Loans held in portfolio 37,900,938 36,361,628
Mortgage servicing rights 99,523 108,103
Derivatives 27,716 26,023
Deposits    
Demand deposits 56,892,010 55,871,463
Time deposits 9,621,394 9,012,882
Deposits 66,513,404 64,884,345
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 56,853 54,833
Other short-term borrowings 400,000 225,000
Notes payable:    
FHLB advances 195,312 302,722
Unsecured senior debt securities 396,249 395,198
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 198,393 198,373
Notes payable 789,954 896,293
Derivatives 26,157 22,832
Carrying amount | US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,374,072 7,693,418
Carrying amount | Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 45,760 51,865
Carrying amount | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 1,506 1,518
Carrying amount | Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 5,960 5,959
Fair Value    
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks 377,079 419,638
Money market investments 4,754,391 6,380,948
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives 33,106 32,783
Debt securities available-for-sale 20,686,423 18,245,903
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,459,488 7,682,664
Equity securities:    
FHLB stock 58,552 55,786
FRB stock 102,038 100,304
Other investments 59,009 52,573
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 219,599 208,663
Loans held-for-sale 7,783 5,423
Loans held in portfolio 37,105,428 35,652,539
Mortgage servicing rights 99,523 108,103
Derivatives 27,716 26,023
Deposits    
Demand deposits 56,892,010 55,871,463
Time deposits 9,419,413 8,795,803
Deposits 66,311,423 64,667,266
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 56,859 54,845
Other short-term borrowings 400,000 225,000
Notes payable:    
FHLB advances 193,131 295,023
Unsecured senior debt securities 420,152 415,148
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 188,081 189,758
Notes payable 801,364 899,929
Derivatives 26,157 22,832
Fair Value | US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,405,080 7,623,824
Fair Value | Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 47,133 51,577
Fair Value | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 1,315 1,304
Fair Value | Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 5,960 5,959
Fair Value | Level 1    
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks 377,079 419,638
Money market investments 4,744,211 6,371,180
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives 8,026 2,814
Debt securities available-for-sale 6,423,246 7,512,171
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Equity securities:    
FHLB stock 0 0
FRB stock 0 0
Other investments 0 0
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 0 0
Loans held-for-sale 0 0
Loans held in portfolio 0 0
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Derivatives 0 0
Deposits    
Demand deposits 0 0
Time deposits 0 0
Deposits 0 0
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 0 0
Other short-term borrowings 0 0
Notes payable:    
FHLB advances 0 0
Unsecured senior debt securities 0 0
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 0 0
Notes payable 0 0
Derivatives 0 0
Fair Value | Level 1 | US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | Level 1 | Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | Level 1 | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | Level 1 | Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | Level 2    
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks 0 0
Money market investments 10,180 9,768
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives 24,878 29,752
Debt securities available-for-sale 14,261,996 10,730,998
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,419,154 7,637,953
Equity securities:    
FHLB stock 58,552 55,786
FRB stock 102,038 100,304
Other investments 50,047 45,664
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 210,637 201,754
Loans held-for-sale 7,783 5,423
Loans held in portfolio 0 0
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Derivatives 27,716 26,023
Deposits    
Demand deposits 56,892,010 55,871,463
Time deposits 9,419,413 8,795,803
Deposits 66,311,423 64,667,266
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 56,859 54,845
Other short-term borrowings 400,000 225,000
Notes payable:    
FHLB advances 193,131 295,023
Unsecured senior debt securities 420,152 415,148
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 188,081 189,758
Notes payable 801,364 899,929
Derivatives 26,157 22,832
Fair Value | Level 2 | US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 7,405,080 7,623,824
Fair Value | Level 2 | Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 6,799 6,866
Fair Value | Level 2 | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 1,315 1,304
Fair Value | Level 2 | Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 5,960 5,959
Fair Value | Level 3    
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks 0 0
Money market investments 0 0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives 202 217
Debt securities available-for-sale 1,181 2,734
Debt securities held-to-maturity 40,334 44,711
Equity securities:    
FHLB stock 0 0
FRB stock 0 0
Other investments 8,137 6,528
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 8,137 6,528
Loans held-for-sale 0 0
Loans held in portfolio 37,105,428 35,652,539
Mortgage servicing rights 99,523 108,103
Derivatives 0 0
Deposits    
Demand deposits 0 0
Time deposits 0 0
Deposits 0 0
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 0 0
Other short-term borrowings 0 0
Notes payable:    
FHLB advances 0 0
Unsecured senior debt securities 0 0
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 0 0
Notes payable 0 0
Derivatives 0 0
Fair Value | Level 3 | US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | Level 3 | Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 40,334 44,711
Fair Value | Level 3 | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | Level 3 | Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | NAV    
Financial Assets:    
Cash and due from banks 0 0
Money market investments 0 0
Trading account debt securities, excluding derivatives 0 0
Debt securities available-for-sale 0 0
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Equity securities:    
FHLB stock 0 0
FRB stock 0 0
Other investments 825 381
Equity securities, at lower of cost or realizable value 825 381
Loans held-for-sale 0 0
Loans held in portfolio 0 0
Mortgage servicing rights 0 0
Derivatives 0 0
Deposits    
Demand deposits 0 0
Time deposits 0 0
Deposits 0 0
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase 0 0
Other short-term borrowings 0 0
Notes payable:    
FHLB advances 0 0
Unsecured senior debt securities 0 0
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (related to trust preferred securities) 0 0
Notes payable 0 0
Derivatives 0 0
Fair Value | NAV | US Treasury Securities    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | NAV | Obligations of Puerto Rico, States and political subdivisions    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | NAV | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations - Federal agencies    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity 0 0
Fair Value | NAV | Securities in wholly owned statutory business trusts    
Financial Assets:    
Debt securities held-to-maturity $ 0 $ 0