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BASIS OF PREPARATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Corporate information and statement of IFRS compliance [abstract]  
BASIS OF PREPARATION BASIS OF PREPARATION:
(a) Statement of compliance:
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

These consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of the Company on February 20, 2024.

(b) Basis of measurement:
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items in the consolidated statements of financial position:
Derivative financial instruments which are measured at fair value;
Employee benefit obligations related to defined benefit plans which are measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligations, net of advance payments made to employees thereon;
Liabilities for cash-settled share-based payment arrangements which are measured at fair value, and equity-classified share-based payment arrangements which are measured at fair value at grant date pursuant to IFRS 2, Share-based payment;
Discontinued, damaged, and excess finished inventories which are carried at the net realizable value;
Provisions for decommissioning, site restoration costs, and onerous contracts which are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation; and
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with a business combination which are initially measured at fair value.

These consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the Company's functional currency.
2. BASIS OF PREPARATION (continued):

(c) Initial application of new or amended accounting standards:
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company adopted the following new or amended accounting standards:

IAS 12 Amendment International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules
In May 2023, the International Accounting Standards Board issued the IAS 12 Amendment International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules on mandatory relief for accounting for deferred taxes from the global minimum taxation. The amendments provide a temporary exception from the requirement to recognise and disclose deferred taxes arising from enacted or substantively enacted tax law that implements the Pillar Two model rules published by the OECD, including tax law that implements qualified domestic minimum top-up taxes described in those rules. The amendments also introduce targeted disclosure requirements in the notes for affected entities to enable users of financial statements to understand the extent to which an entity will be affected by the minimum tax, particularly before the legislation comes into force. The amendments to IAS 12 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The Company has updated its disclosures in these annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Pillar Two legislation has been enacted in Belgium and the United Kingdom, jurisdictions in which subsidiaries of the Company operate. The Company has applied the mandatory exemption and did not recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for it.

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2, Disclosure of Accounting Policy Information
In February 2021, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality Judgements. The amendments help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful to primary users of financial statements by:

Replacing the requirement to disclose “significant” accounting policies under IAS 1 with a requirement to disclose “material” accounting policies. Under this, an accounting policy would be material if, when considered together with other information included in an entity’s financial statements, it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions that primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements.
Providing guidance in IFRS Practice Statement 2 to explain and demonstrate the application of the four-step materiality process to accounting policy disclosures.

The amendments shall be applied prospectively. The amendments to IAS 1 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Earlier application is permitted. Once an entity applies the amendments to IAS 1, it is also permitted to apply the amendments to IFRS Practice Statement 2. The Company has updated its accounting policy information disclosures in these annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Amendments to IAS 12, Deferred Tax Related to Assets and Liabilities Arising from a Single Transaction
On May 7, 2021, the IASB amended IAS 12 Income Taxes, to narrow the scope of the initial recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The Company has updated its disclosures in these annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The adoption of these amendments resulted in a $11.1 million gross-up presentation of the lease liability deferred tax asset and right-of-use deferred tax liability as at January 1, 2023, for note disclosure purposes, with no impact on the net amount of deferred tax asset recognized.