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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended October 28, 2023
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission File Number 001-10613
DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida |  |  |  | 59-1277135
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
| 11780 US Highway 1, Suite 600 |
| Palm Beach Gardens, | FL | 33408 |
| (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) |

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (561) 627-7171
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share |  | DY |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 29,338,337 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.33 1/3 outstanding at November 20, 2023.

Dycom Industries, Inc.
Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 29
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 41
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 42
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 43
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 43
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 43
Item 5. | Other Information | 43
Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
SIGNATURES | 45

2

Table of Contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and equivalents | $ | 15,665 |  |  | $ | 224,186 |
Accounts receivable, net (Note 6) | 1,461,170 |  |  | 1,067,013 |
Contract assets | 70,451 |  |  | 43,932 |
Inventories | 114,016 |  |  | 114,972 |
Income tax receivable | 2,346 |  |  | 3,929 |
Other current assets | 45,081 |  |  | 38,648 |
Total current assets | 1,708,729 |  |  | 1,492,680 |
Property and equipment, net | 430,739 |  |  | 367,852 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 74,369 |  |  | 67,240 |
Goodwill | 309,953 |  |  | 272,545 |
Intangible assets, net | 115,755 |  |  | 86,566 |
Other assets | 24,620 |  |  | 26,371 |
Total assets | $ | 2,664,165 |  |  | $ | 2,313,254 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 215,278 |  |  | $ | 207,739 |
Current portion of debt | 17,500 |  |  | 17,500 |
Contract liabilities | 21,320 |  |  | 19,512 |
Accrued insurance claims | 45,713 |  |  | 41,043 |
Operating lease liabilities | 30,135 |  |  | 27,527 |
Income taxes payable | 2,814 |  |  | 14,896 |
Other accrued liabilities | 156,060 |  |  | 141,334 |
Total current liabilities | 488,820 |  |  | 469,551 |
Long-term debt | 949,406 |  |  | 807,367 |
Accrued insurance claims - non-current | 50,281 |  |  | 49,347 |
Operating lease liabilities - non-current | 43,846 |  |  | 39,628 |
Deferred tax liabilities, net - non-current | 57,981 |  |  | 60,205 |
Other liabilities | 19,884 |  |  | 18,401 |
Total liabilities | 1,610,218 |  |  | 1,444,499 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 20) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share: 1,000,000 shares authorized: no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share: 150,000,000 shares authorized: 29,337,537 and 29,350,021 issued and outstanding, respectively | 9,779 |  |  | 9,783 |
Additional paid-in capital | 19,147 |  |  | 5,654 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,548) |  |  | (1,771) |
Retained earnings | 1,026,569 |  |  | 855,089 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,053,947 |  |  | 868,755 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 2,664,165 |  |  | $ | 2,313,254 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents
DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022
Contract revenues | $ | 1,136,110 |  |  | $ | 1,042,423 |
Costs of earned revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization | 886,662 |  |  | 850,897 |
General and administrative | 87,511 |  |  | 78,798 |
Depreciation and amortization | 42,522 |  |  | 35,454 |
Total | 1,016,695 |  |  | 965,149 |
Interest expense, net | (13,952) |  |  | (10,592) |
Other income, net | 6,906 |  |  | 2,474 |
Income before income taxes | 112,369 |  |  | 69,156 |
Provision for income taxes | 28,633 |  |  | 15,144 |
Net income | $ | 83,736 |  |  | $ | 54,012 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 2.85 |  |  | $ | 1.83 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |
Shares used in computing earnings per common share: |  |  |
Basic | 29,334,798 |  |  | 29,524,516 |
Diluted | 29,689,316 |  |  | 29,978,795 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| For the Nine Months Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022
Contract revenues | $ | 3,223,119 |  |  | $ | 2,890,996 |
Costs of earned revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization | 2,570,437 |  |  | 2,394,606 |
General and administrative | 254,699 |  |  | 221,514 |
Depreciation and amortization | 117,786 |  |  | 107,436 |
Total | 2,942,922 |  |  | 2,723,556 |
Interest expense, net | (37,601) |  |  | (29,057) |
Other income, net | 17,628 |  |  | 9,856 |
Income before income taxes | 260,224 |  |  | 148,239 |
Provision for income taxes | 64,719 |  |  | 30,835 |
Net income | $ | 195,505 |  |  | $ | 117,404 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 6.66 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 6.58 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |
Shares used in computing earnings per common share: |  |  |
Basic | 29,344,064 |  |  | 29,561,172 |
Diluted | 29,710,603 |  |  | 30,007,257 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022
Net income | $ | 83,736 |  |  | $ | 54,012 |  |  | $ | 195,505 |  |  | $ | 117,404 |
Foreign currency translation (losses) gains, net of tax | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | 223 |  |  | (4) |
Comprehensive income | $ | 83,734 |  |  | $ | 54,008 |  |  | $ | 195,728 |  |  | $ | 117,400 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2023
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances as of July 29, 2023 | 29,332,495 |  |  | $ | 9,777 |  |  | $ | 12,982 |  |  | $ | (1,546) |  |  | $ | 942,833 |  |  | $ | 964,046 |
Stock-based compensation | 555 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,298 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,298 |
Issuance of restricted stock, net of tax withholdings | 4,487 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (133) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (131) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83,736 |  |  | 83,736 |
Balances as of October 28, 2023 | 29,337,537 |  |  | $ | 9,779 |  |  | $ | 19,147 |  |  | $ | (1,548) |  |  | $ | 1,026,569 |  |  | $ | 1,053,947 |
| For the Three Months Ended
| October 29, 2022
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances as of July 30, 2022 | 29,457,520 |  |  | $ | 9,819 |  |  | $ | 4,630 |  |  | $ | (1,769) |  |  | $ | 784,336 |  |  | $ | 797,016 |
Stock options exercised | 96,567 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 3,120 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,152 |
Stock-based compensation | 290 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,515 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,515 |
Issuance of restricted stock, net of tax withholdings | 1,805 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (76) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54,012 |  |  | 54,012 |
Balances as of October 29, 2022 | 29,556,182 |  |  | $ | 9,852 |  |  | $ | 12,189 |  |  | $ | (1,773) |  |  | $ | 838,348 |  |  | $ | 858,616 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| For the Nine Months Ended
| October 28, 2023
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances as of January 28, 2023 | 29,350,021 |  |  | $ | 9,783 |  |  | $ | 5,654 |  |  | $ | (1,771) |  |  | $ | 855,089 |  |  | $ | 868,755 |
Stock options exercised | 9,879 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 301 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 304 |
Stock-based compensation | 1,211 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,240 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,240 |
Issuance of restricted stock, net of tax withholdings | 201,426 |  |  | 68 |  |  | (5,949) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,901) |  |  | (9,782) |
Repurchase of common stock | (225,000) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (99) |  |  | — |  |  | (20,124) |  |  | (20,298) |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 195,505 |  |  | 195,505 |
Balances as of October 28, 2023 | 29,337,537 |  |  | $ | 9,779 |  |  | $ | 19,147 |  |  | $ | (1,548) |  |  | $ | 1,026,569 |  |  | $ | 1,053,947 |
| For the Nine Months Ended
| October 29, 2022
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balances as of January 29, 2022 | 29,612,867 |  |  | $ | 9,871 |  |  | $ | 2,028 |  |  | $ | (1,769) |  |  | $ | 748,414 |  |  | $ | 758,544 |
Stock options exercised | 119,430 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 4,517 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,557 |
Stock-based compensation | 1,568 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12,272 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,273 |
Issuance of restricted stock, net of tax withholdings | 126,347 |  |  | 42 |  |  | (3,321) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,346) |  |  | (5,625) |
Repurchase of common stock | (304,030) |  |  | (101) |  |  | (3,307) |  |  | — |  |  | (25,124) |  |  | (28,532) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 117,404 |  |  | 117,404 |
Balances as of October 29, 2022 | 29,556,182 |  |  | $ | 9,852 |  |  | $ | 12,189 |  |  | $ | (1,773) |  |  | $ | 838,348 |  |  | $ | 858,616 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| For the Nine Months Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 195,505 |  |  | $ | 117,404 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 117,786 |  |  | 107,436 |
Non-cash lease expense | 26,035 |  |  | 23,775 |
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision | (2,224) |  |  | 3,742 |
Stock-based compensation | 19,240 |  |  | 12,273 |
Provision for bad debt, net | 1,028 |  |  | 2,149 |
Gain on sale of fixed assets | (23,730) |  |  | (13,991) |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and other | 2,295 |  |  | 2,140 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | (361,051) |  |  | (350,734) |
Contract assets, net | (11,265) |  |  | (32,874) |
Other current assets and inventories | (5,695) |  |  | (37,753) |
Other assets | 701 |  |  | 4,238 |
Income taxes payable/receivable | (14,602) |  |  | 22,081 |
Accounts payable | (3,503) |  |  | 42,143 |
Accrued liabilities, insurance claims, operating lease liabilities, and other liabilities | (6,631) |  |  | 16,515 |
Net cash used in operating activities | (66,111) |  |  | (81,456) |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (161,133) |  |  | (135,777) |
Proceeds from sale of assets | 30,526 |  |  | 14,486 |
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (122,902) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (253,509) |  |  | (121,291) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings on senior credit agreement, including term loan | 475,000 |  |  | — |
Principal payments on senior credit agreement, including term loan | (334,125) |  |  | (13,125) |
Repurchase of common stock | (20,298) |  |  | (28,532) |
Exercise of stock options | 304 |  |  | 4,557 |
Restricted stock tax withholdings | (9,782) |  |  | (5,625) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 111,099 |  |  | (42,725) |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (208,521) |  |  | (245,472) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period (Note 8) | 225,990 |  |  | 312,561 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (Note 8) | $ | 17,469 |  |  | $ | 67,089 |

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Supplemental disclosure of other cash flow activities and non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 41,897 |  |  | $ | 32,338 |
Cash paid for taxes, net | $ | 81,892 |  |  | $ | 3,811 |
Purchases of capital assets included in accounts payable or other accrued liabilities at period end | $ | 11,433 |  |  | $ | 9,513 |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Basis of Presentation
Dycom Industries, Inc. (“Dycom”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is a leading provider of specialty contracting services throughout the United States. These services include program management; planning; engineering and design; aerial, underground, and wireless construction; maintenance; and fulfillment services for telecommunications providers. Additionally, Dycom provides underground facility locating services for various utilities, including telecommunications providers, and other construction and maintenance services for electric and gas utilities. Dycom supplies the labor, tools, and equipment necessary to provide these services to its customers.
Accounting Period. Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in January. As a result, each fiscal year consists of either 52 weeks or 53 weeks of operations (with the additional week of operations occurring in the fourth quarter). Fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2024 each consist of 52 weeks of operations. The next 53 week fiscal period will occur in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in this report and the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2023. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented have been included. This includes all normal and recurring adjustments and elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any subsequent interim or annual period.
Segment Information. The Company operates in one reportable segment. Its services are provided by its operating segments on a decentralized basis. Each operating segment consists of a subsidiary (or in certain instances, the combination of two or more subsidiaries), whose results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision maker. All of the Company’s operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment based on their similar economic characteristics, nature of services and production processes, type of customers, and service distribution methods.
2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on our historical experience and management’s understanding of current facts and circumstances. At the time they are made, we believe that such estimates are fair when considered in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations taken as a whole. However, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Per Share Data. Basic earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding unvested restricted share units. Diluted earnings per common share includes the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and dilutive potential common shares arising from our stock-based awards (including unvested restricted share units), convertible senior notes, and warrants if their inclusion is dilutive under the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents related to stock-based awards, convertible senior notes, and warrants are excluded from diluted earnings per common share calculations if their effect would be anti-dilutive.
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3. Accounting Standards
Recently issued accounting pronouncements are disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no changes in the expected dates of adoption or estimated effects on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements of recently issued accounting pronouncements from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023. Accounting standards adopted during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 are disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Business Combinations. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in ASU 2021-08 require acquiring entities to apply ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities in a business combination. This update is intended to improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement of acquired revenue contracts and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2021-08 should be applied prospectively. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2021-08 in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and there was no material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance in U.S. GAAP on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. ASU 2020-04 was effective for adoption at any time between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. ASU 2022-06 defers the sunset date included within Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2020-04 in the second quarter of fiscal 2024 and there was no material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Presentation of Financial Statements, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, Equity, and Compensation-Stock Compensation. In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03 to amend various SEC paragraphs in the Accounting Standards Codification to primarily reflect the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120. Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120 provides guidance to companies issuing share-based awards shortly before announcing material, nonpublic information to consider such material nonpublic information to adjust observable market prices if the release of material nonpublic information is expected to affect the share price. The ASU does not provide any new guidance so there is no transition or effective date associated with it and therefore, the Company adopted the ASU with no impact to our consolidated financial statements.
Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This ASU incorporated certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics. They will also allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC’s regulations. ASU 2023-06 will become effective for each amendment on the effective date of the SEC’s corresponding disclosure rule change. The Company adopted the ASU with no impact to our consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
Leases. In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. The amendments require all entities including public companies to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over the useful life to the common control group. ASU 2023-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim period, it must adopt them as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. Transition can be done either retrospectively or prospectively. We will adopt the provisions of ASU 2023-01 in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and do not expect the adoption to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
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All other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet effective are currently being evaluated and at this time are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
4. Computation of Earnings per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Net income available to common stockholders (numerator) | $ | 83,736 |  |  | $ | 54,012 |  |  | $ | 195,505 |  |  | $ | 117,404 |  |
Weighted-average number of common shares (denominator) | 29,334,798 |  |  | 29,524,516 |  |  | 29,344,064 |  |  | 29,561,172 |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 2.85 |  |  | $ | 1.83 |  |  | $ | 6.66 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |  |
Weighted-average number of common shares | 29,334,798 |  |  | 29,524,516 |  |  | 29,344,064 |  |  | 29,561,172 |  |
Potential shares of common stock arising from stock options, and unvested restricted share units | 354,518 |  |  | 454,279 |  |  | 366,539 |  |  | 446,085 |  |
Total shares-diluted (denominator) | 29,689,316 |  |  | 29,978,795 |  |  | 29,710,603 |  |  | 30,007,257 |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 6.58 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |  |
Anti-dilutive weighted shares excluded from the calculation of earnings per common share | 133,858 |  |  | 93,147 |  |  | 140,580 |  |  | 98,863 |  |

5. Acquisitions
On August 18, 2023, the Company acquired Bigham Cable Construction, Inc. ("Bigham"), for $131.2 million ($127.0 million purchase price, plus cash acquired of $8.3 million, less indebtedness of $4.1 million.) Bigham provides construction and maintenance services for telecommunications providers in the southeastern United States. This acquisition expands the Company’s geographic presence within its existing customer base.
Purchase Price Allocation
The purchase price allocation of Bigham is preliminary and will be completed when valuations for intangible assets and other amounts are finalized within the 12-month measurement period from the date of acquisition.
The following table summarizes the aggregate consideration paid (dollars in millions):
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Assets |
Cash and equivalents | $ | 8.3 |
Accounts receivable | 47.6 |
Other current assets | 0.1 |
Property and equipment, net | 9.9 |
Goodwill | 37.4 |
Intangible assets, net | 42.2 |
Other assets | 0.8 |
Total assets | 146.3 |
Liabilities |
Accounts payable | 8.2 |
Other accrued liabilities | 2.8 |
Income taxes payable | 4.1 |
Total liabilities | 15.1 |
Net Assets Acquired | $ | 131.2 |

The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recognized as goodwill and totaled $37.4 million. Goodwill and intangible assets total $79.6 million and are deductible for tax purposes. Accounts receivable and current liabilities were stated at their historical carrying value, which approximates fair value given the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. The estimate of fair value for fixed assets was based on an assessment of acquired assets’ condition as well as an evaluation of the current market value of such assets.
The Company recorded intangible assets based on its preliminary estimate of fair value which consisted of the following (dollars in millions):

| Estimated Useful Life (in years) |  | Intangible Assets Acquired
Customer relationships | 12.0 |  | $ | 26.8 |
Backlog intangibles | 3.0 |  | 11.6 |
Trade names | 10.0 |  | 3.8 |
Total intangible assets acquired |  |  | $ | 42.2 |

The valuation of intangible assets was determined using the income approach methodology. More specifically, the fair values of the customer relationships and the backlog intangibles were estimated using the multi-period excess earnings method, while the trade name was estimated using the relief-from-royalty method. Key assumptions used in estimating future cash flows included projected revenue growth rates, profit margins, discount rates, customer attrition rates and royalty rates among others. The projected future cash flows are discounted to present value using an appropriate discount rate.
Results of the business acquired are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The results from the business acquired during fiscal 2024 were not considered material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
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6. Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets, and Contract Liabilities
The following provides further details on the balance sheet accounts of accounts receivable, net; contract assets; and contract liabilities.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable, net, classified as current, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Trade accounts receivable | $ | 583,621 |  |  | $ | 367,842 |
Unbilled accounts receivable | 838,471 |  |  | 670,066 |
Retainage | 42,643 |  |  | 32,351 |
Total | 1,464,735 |  |  | 1,070,259 |
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | (3,565) |  |  | (3,246) |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 1,461,170 |  |  | $ | 1,067,013 |

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses on uncollected balances. The allowance for doubtful accounts changed as follows (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts at beginning of period | $ | 3,801 |  |  | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 3,246 |  |  | $ | 724 |  |
Provision for bad debt (recovery) | (205) |  |  | 2,012 |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | 2,149 |  |
Amounts charged against the allowance | (31) |  |  | — |  |  | (709) |  |  | (76) |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts at end of period | $ | 3,565 |  |  | $ | 2,797 |  |  | $ | 3,565 |  |  | $ | 2,797 |  |

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Net contract assets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Contract assets | $ | 70,451 |  |  | $ | 43,932 |
Contract liabilities | 21,320 |  |  | 19,512 |
Contract assets, net | $ | 49,131 |  |  | $ | 24,420 |

The increase in net contract assets primarily resulted from increased services performed under contracts consisting of multiple tasks. During the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023, we performed services and recognized $4.2 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of contract revenues related to contract liabilities that existed at January 28, 2023. See Note 7, Other Current Assets and Other Assets, for information on our long-term contract assets.
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Customer Credit Concentration
Customers whose combined amounts of accounts receivable and contract assets, net, exceeded 10% of total combined accounts receivable and contract assets, net, as of October 28, 2023 or January 28, 2023 were as follows (dollars in millions):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
| Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total
Lumen Technologies | $ | 381.2 |  |  | 25.2% |  | $ | 189.3 |  |  | 17.4%
Comcast Corporation | $ | 124.4 |  |  | 8.2% |  | $ | 125.2 |  |  | 11.5%
AT&T Inc. | $ | 102.6 |  |  | 6.8% |  | $ | 136.2 |  |  | 12.5%
Frontier Communications Corporation | $ | 100.8 |  |  | 6.7% |  | $ | 153.2 |  |  | 14.0%

We believe that none of the customers above were experiencing financial difficulties that would materially impact the collectability of the Company’s total accounts receivable and contract assets, net, as of October 28, 2023 or January 28, 2023.
7. Other Current Assets and Other Assets
Other current assets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Prepaid expenses | $ | 22,676 |  |  | $ | 17,357 |
Deposits and other current assets | 19,983 |  |  | 19,642 |
Insurance recoveries/receivables for accrued insurance claims | 68 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash | 1,372 |  |  | 1,372 |
Receivables on equipment sales | 982 |  |  | 277 |
Other current assets | $ | 45,081 |  |  | $ | 38,648 |

Other assets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Long-term contract assets | $ | 3,838 |  |  | $ | 8,333 |
Deferred financing costs | 2,847 |  |  | 3,685 |
Restricted cash | 432 |  |  | 432 |
Insurance recoveries/receivables for accrued insurance claims | 4,723 |  |  | 4,957 |
Other non-current deposits and assets | 12,780 |  |  | 8,964 |
Other assets | $ | 24,620 |  |  | $ | 26,371 |

Long-term contract assets represent payments made to customers pursuant to long-term agreements and are recognized as a reduction of contract revenues over the period for which the related services are provided to the customers.
See Note 11, Accrued Insurance Claims, for information on our Insurance recoveries/receivables.
8. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Amounts of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 15,665 |  |  | $ | 224,186 |
Restricted cash included in: |  |  |
Other current assets | 1,372 |  |  | 1,372 |
Other assets (long-term) | 432 |  |  | 432 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 17,469 |  |  | $ | 225,990 |

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9. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| Estimated Useful Lives (Years) |  | October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Land | — |  | $ | 8,419 |  |  | $ | 8,419 |
Buildings | 10-35 |  | 10,553 |  |  | 10,466 |
Leasehold improvements | 1-10 |  | 18,317 |  |  | 17,623 |
Vehicles | 1-5 |  | 856,646 |  |  | 815,266 |
Equipment and machinery | 1-10 |  | 402,215 |  |  | 359,021 |
Computer hardware and software | 1-7 |  | 138,221 |  |  | 165,582 |
Office furniture and equipment | 1-10 |  | 11,951 |  |  | 12,215 |
Total |  |  | 1,446,322 |  |  | 1,388,592 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (1,015,583) |  |  | (1,020,740) |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | $ | 430,739 |  |  | $ | 367,852 |

Depreciation expense was $36.5 million and $31.6 million for the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively and $104.8 million and $95.7 million for the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively.
10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The Company’s goodwill balance was $310.0 million and $272.5 million as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| Goodwill |  | Accumulated Impairment Losses |  | Total
Balance as of January 28, 2023 | $ | 521,576 |  |  | $ | (249,031) |  |  | $ | 272,545 |
Goodwill from fiscal 2024 acquisition | 37,408 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,408 |
Balance as of October 28, 2023 | $ | 558,984 |  |  | $ | (249,031) |  |  | $ | 309,953 |

The Company’s goodwill resides in multiple reporting units and primarily consists of expected synergies, together with the expansion of our geographic presence and strengthening of our customer base from acquisitions. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually, or more frequently if events occur that would indicate a potential reduction in the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The profitability of individual reporting units may suffer periodically due to downturns in customer demand, increased costs of providing services, and the level of overall economic activity. Our customers may reduce capital expenditures and defer or cancel pending projects due to changes in technology, a slowing or uncertain economy, merger or acquisition activity, a decision to allocate resources to other areas of their business, or other reasons. The profitability of reporting units may also suffer if actual costs of providing services exceed the costs anticipated when the Company enters into contracts. Additionally, adverse conditions in the economy and future volatility in the equity and credit markets could impact the valuation of our reporting units. The cyclical nature of our business, the high level of competition existing within our industry, and the concentration of our revenues from a limited number of customers may also cause results to vary. These factors may affect individual reporting units disproportionately, relative to the Company as a whole. As a result, the performance of one or more of the reporting units could decline, resulting in an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets.
During August 2023, the Company acquired Bigham for $131.2 million. The purchase price was allocated based on the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed on the date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recognized as goodwill and totaled $37.4 million, which is deductible for tax purposes. See Note 5, Acquisitions, for more information regarding the acquisition.
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The Company performs its annual goodwill assessment as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter of each fiscal year. As a result of the Company’s fiscal 2023 period assessment, the Company determined that the fair values of each of the reporting units and the indefinite-lived intangible asset were in excess of their carrying values and no impairment had occurred. As of October 28, 2023, the Company continues to believe the remaining goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset are recoverable for all of its reporting units.
Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
| Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (Years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Intangible Assets, Net |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships | 8.2 |  | $ | 338,117 |  |  | $ | 241,285 |  |  | $ | 96,832 |  |  | $ | 312,017 |  |  | $ | 231,028 |  |  | $ | 80,989 |
Trade names, finite | 9.3 |  | 13,050 |  |  | 8,602 |  |  | 4,448 |  |  | 9,250 |  |  | 8,448 |  |  | 802 |
Trade name, indefinite | Indefinite |  | 4,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,700 |  |  | 4,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,700 |
Contract backlog | 2.8 |  | 11,600 |  |  | 1,885 |  |  | 9,715 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-compete agreements | 4.0 |  | 75 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |
|  |  | $ | 367,542 |  |  | $ | 251,787 |  |  | $ | 115,755 |  |  | $ | 326,042 |  |  | $ | 239,476 |  |  | $ | 86,566 |

Amortization of our customer relationship intangibles is recognized on an accelerated basis as a function of the expected economic benefit. Amortization of our other finite-lived intangibles is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $6.0 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively and $13.0 million and $11.7 million for the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively.
As of October 28, 2023, we believe that the carrying amounts of our intangible assets are recoverable. However, if adverse events were to occur or circumstances were to change indicating that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable, the assets would be reviewed for impairment.
11. Accrued Insurance Claims
For claims within our insurance program, we retain the risk of loss, up to certain annual stop-loss limits, for matters related to automobile liability, general liability (including damages associated with underground facility locating services), workers’ compensation, and employee group health. Losses for claims beyond our retained risk of loss are covered by insurance up to our coverage limits.
For workers’ compensation losses during fiscal 2023 and 2024, we retained the risk of loss up to $1.0 million on a per occurrence basis. This retention amount is applicable to all of the states in which we operate, except with respect to workers’ compensation insurance in two states in which we participate in state-sponsored insurance funds.
For automobile liability and general liability losses during fiscal 2023, we retained the risk of loss up to $1.0 million on a per-occurrence basis for the first $5.0 million of insurance coverage. We also retained the risk of loss for the next $5.0 million on a per-occurrence basis with aggregate stop loss limits of $11.5 million within this layer of retention over the period from fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2023. Additionally, we retained $5.0 million risk of loss on a per occurrence basis for losses between $10.0 million and $15.0 million, if any, and we retained $10.0 million risk of loss on a per occurrence basis for losses between $30.0 million and $40.0 million, if any.
For automobile liability and general liability losses during fiscal 2024, we retained the risk of loss up to $1.0 million on a per-occurrence basis for the first $5.0 million of insurance coverage. We also retained the risk of loss for the next $10.0 million on a per-occurrence basis for losses between $5.0 million and $15.0 million, if any. Additionally, during fiscal 2024 we retained $10.0 million risk of loss on a per occurrence basis for losses between $30.0 million and $40.0 million, if any.
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We are party to a stop-loss agreement for losses under our employee group health plan. For the calendar years 2022 and 2023, we retain the risk of loss on an annual basis, up to the first $600,000 of claims per participant.
Amounts for total accrued insurance claims and insurance recoveries/receivables are as follows (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Accrued insurance claims - current | $ | 45,713 |  |  | $ | 41,043 |
Accrued insurance claims - non-current | 50,281 |  |  | 49,347 |
Accrued insurance claims | $ | 95,994 |  |  | $ | 90,390 |
Insurance recoveries/receivables: |  |  |
Current (included in Other current assets) | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-current (included in Other assets) | 4,723 |  |  | 4,957 |
Insurance recoveries/receivables | $ | 4,791 |  |  | $ | 4,957 |

Insurance recoveries/receivables represent the amount of accrued insurance claims that are covered by insurance as the amounts exceed the Company’s loss retention. During the nine months ended October 28, 2023, total insurance recoveries/receivables decreased approximately $0.2 million primarily due to the settlement of claims that exceed our loss retention. Accrued insurance claims decreased by a corresponding amount.
12. Leases
We lease the majority of our office facilities as well as certain equipment, all of which are accounted for as operating leases. These leases have remaining terms ranging from less than 1 year to approximately 6 years. Some leases include options to extend the lease for up to 5 years and others include options to terminate.
The following table summarizes the components of lease cost recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Lease cost under long-term operating leases | $ | 9,795 |  |  | $ | 8,593 |  |  | $ | 28,426 |  |  | $ | 25,520 |  |
Lease cost under short-term operating leases | 5,745 |  |  | 7,183 |  |  | 17,845 |  |  | 19,898 |  |
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases(1) | 718 |  |  | 897 |  |  | 2,868 |  |  | 2,917 |  |
Total lease cost | $ | 16,258 |  |  | $ | 16,673 |  |  | $ | 49,139 |  |  | $ | 48,335 |  |

(1) Variable lease cost primarily includes insurance, maintenance, and other operating expenses related to our leased office facilities.
Our operating lease liabilities related to long-term operating leases were $74.0 million as of October 28, 2023 and $67.2 million as of January 28, 2023. Supplemental balance sheet information related to these liabilities is as follows:

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term | 2.9 years |  | 2.9 years
Weighted average discount rate | 4.8 | % |  | 3.9 | %

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Supplemental cash flow information related to our long-term operating lease liabilities for the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | 10,612 |  |  | $ | 9,452 |  |  | $ | 27,692 |  |  | $ | 25,317 |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 10,836 |  |  | $ | 9,202 |  |  | $ | 33,447 |  |  | $ | 28,659 |  |

As of October 28, 2023, maturities of our lease liabilities under our long-term operating leases for the next five fiscal years and thereafter are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal Year |  | Amount
Remainder of 2024 |  | $ | 8,248 |
2025 |  | 33,178 |
2026 |  | 22,205 |
2027 |  | 12,262 |
2028 |  | 5,786 |
2029 |  | 2,165 |
Thereafter |  | 168 |
Total lease payments |  | 84,012 |
Less: imputed interest |  | (10,031) |
Total |  | $ | 73,981 |

13. Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Accrued payroll and related taxes | $ | 37,164 |  |  | $ | 32,448 |
Accrued employee benefit and incentive plan costs | 54,580 |  |  | 44,487 |
Accrued construction costs | 37,606 |  |  | 37,735 |
Other current liabilities | 26,710 |  |  | 26,664 |
Other accrued liabilities | $ | 156,060 |  |  | $ | 141,334 |

14. Debt
The following table summarizes the net carrying value of our outstanding indebtedness (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Credit agreement - Revolving facility (matures April 2026) | $ | 154,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Credit agreement - Term loan facility, net (matures April 2026) | 317,955 |  |  | 330,603 |
4.50% senior notes, net (mature April 2029) | 494,951 |  |  | 494,264 |
| 966,906 |  |  | 824,867 |
Less: current portion | (17,500) |  |  | (17,500) |
Long-term debt | $ | 949,406 |  |  | $ | 807,367 |

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Credit Agreement
On April 1, 2021, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries amended its credit agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, with the various lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”), to among other things, decrease the maximum revolver commitment to $650.0 million from $750.0 million and decrease the term loan facility to $350.0 million from $416.3 million. The Credit Agreement includes a $200.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $50.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. As part of the amendment, the maturity of the Credit Agreement was extended to April 1, 2026.
The following table summarizes the net carrying value of the term loan as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023 |  |
Principal amount of term loan | $ | 319,375 |  |  | $ | 332,500 |  |  |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (1,420) |  | (1,897) |  |
Net carrying amount of term loan | $ | 317,955 |  |  | $ | 330,603 |  |  |

Subject to certain conditions, the Credit Agreement provides us with the ability to enter into one or more incremental facilities either by increasing the revolving commitments under the Credit Agreement and/or by establishing one or more additional term loans, up to the sum of (i) $350.0 million and (ii) an aggregate amount such that, after giving effect to such incremental facilities on a pro forma basis (assuming that the amount of the incremental commitments are fully drawn and funded), the consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio does not exceed 2.25 to 1.00. The consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio is the ratio of our consolidated senior secured indebtedness reduced by unrestricted cash and equivalents in excess of $25.0 million to our trailing four-quarter consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), as defined by the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries and secured by 100% of the equity interests of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting equity interests and 100% of the non-voting interests of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries (subject to customary exceptions).
Under our Credit Agreement, borrowings bear interest at the rates described below based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio, which is the ratio of our consolidated total funded debt reduced by unrestricted cash and equivalents in excess of $25.0 million to our trailing four-quarter consolidated EBITDA, as defined by our Credit Agreement. In addition, we incur certain fees for unused balances and letters of credit at the rates described below, also based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio.

Borrowings - Eurodollar Rate Loans | 1.25% - 2.00% plus SOFR
Borrowings - Base Rate Loans | 0.25% - 1.00% plus Base rate(1)
Unused Revolver Commitment | 0.20% - 0.40%
Standby Letters of Credit | 1.25% - 2.00%
Commercial Letters of Credit | 0.625% -1.000%

(1) Base rate is described in the Credit Agreement as the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the administrative agent’s prime rate, and (iii) the Eurodollar rate plus 1.00% and, if such rate is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero.
Standby letters of credit of approximately $47.5 million and $47.5 million issued as part of our insurance program, were outstanding under our Credit Agreement at each of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively.
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The weighted average interest rates and fees for balances under our Credit Agreement as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023 were as follows:

| Weighted Average Rate End of Period
| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Borrowings - Term loan facility | 6.93% |  | 6.21%
Borrowings - Revolving facility(1) | 7.56% |  | —%
Standby Letters of Credit | 1.50% |  | 1.75%
Unused Revolver Commitment | 0.25% |  | 0.35%

(1) There were no outstanding borrowings under our revolving facility as of January 28, 2023.
Our Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of not greater than 3.50 to 1.00, as measured at the end of each fiscal quarter, and provides for certain increases to this ratio in connection with permitted acquisitions. The consolidated net leverage ratio is the ratio of our consolidated indebtedness reduced by unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in excess of $25.0 million to our trailing four-quarter consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization as defined by our Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a consolidated interest coverage ratio, which is the ratio of our trailing four-quarter consolidated EBITDA to our consolidated interest expense, each as defined by our Credit Agreement, of not less than 3.00 to 1.00, as measured at the end of each fiscal quarter. At each of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our Credit Agreement and had borrowing availability under the revolving facility of $448.5 million as determined by the most restrictive covenant. For calculation purposes, applicable cash on hand is netted against the funded debt amount as permitted in the Credit Agreement.
On May 9, 2023, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries amended the Credit Agreement to replace LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and provides that term loans and revolving loans will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, either term SOFR or the base rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin that will be determined based on the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio, as specified above. “Term SOFR” will be the published forward-looking SOFR rate for the applicable interest period plus a 0.10% spread adjustment.
4.50% Senior Notes Due 2029
On April 1, 2021, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% senior notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The 2029 Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by all of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the Credit Agreement.
The indenture governing the 2029 Notes contains certain covenants that limit, among other things, our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to (i) incur additional debt and issue certain preferred stock, (ii) pay certain dividends on, repurchase, or make distributions in respect of, our and our subsidiaries’ capital stock or make other payments restricted by the indenture, (iii) enter into agreements that place limitations on distributions made from certain of our subsidiaries, (iv) guarantee certain debt, (v) make certain investments, (vi) sell or exchange certain assets, (vii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (viii) create certain liens, and (ix) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our or our Subsidiaries’ assets. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions, limitations and qualifications as set forth in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes.
The following table summarizes the net carrying value of the 2029 Notes as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023 |  |
Principal amount of 2029 Notes | $ | 500,000 |  |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (5,049) |  |  | (5,736) |  |  |
Net carrying amount of 2029 Notes | $ | 494,951 |  |  | $ | 494,264 |  |  |

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The following table summarizes the fair value of the 2029 Notes, net of debt issuance costs. The fair value of the 2029 Notes is based on the closing trading price per $100 of the 2029 Notes as of the last day of trading (Level 2), which was $85.74 and $97.50 as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Fair value of principal amount of 2029 Notes | $ | 428,700 |  |  | $ | 451,250 |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (5,049) |  |  | (5,736) |
Fair value of 2029 Notes | $ | 423,651 |  |  | $ | 445,514 |

15. Income Taxes
Our interim income tax provisions are based on the effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year, adjusted for specific items that are required to be recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the enacted tax rate that will apply in future periods when such assets and liabilities are expected to be settled or realized.
Our effective income tax rate was 25.5% and 21.9% for the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively, and 24.9% and 20.8% for the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the difference in income tax rates from state to state where work was performed, the impact of the vesting and exercise of share-based awards, tax credits recognized, and variances in non-deductible and non-taxable items. Other fluctuations in our effective income tax rate from the statutory rate each period are mainly attributable to changes in unrecognized tax benefits and tax law changes.
We are currently under IRS audit for fiscal year 2020. We believe our provision for income taxes is adequate; however, any assessment may affect our results of operations and cash flows.
16. Other Income, Net
The components of other income, net, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Gain on sale of fixed assets | $ | 8,357 |  |  | $ | 5,135 |  |  | $ | 23,730 |  |  | $ | 13,991 |  |
Discount fee expense | (2,231) |  |  | (3,266) |  |  | (7,784) |  |  | (5,682) |  |
Miscellaneous income, net | 780 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 1,682 |  |  | 1,547 |  |
Other income, net | $ | 6,906 |  |  | $ | 2,474 |  |  | $ | 17,628 |  |  | $ | 9,856 |  |

We participate in a vendor payment program sponsored by one of our customers. Eligible accounts receivable from this customer are included in the program and payment is received pursuant to a non-recourse sale to a bank partner. This program effectively reduces the time to collect these receivables as compared to that customer’s standard payment terms. We incur a discount fee to the bank on the payments received that is reflected as discount fee expense in the table above and is included as an expense component in other income, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
17. Capital Stock
Repurchases of Common Stock. On August 23, 2023 the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a $150 million program to repurchase shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock through February 2025 in open market or private transactions. During the three months ended October 28, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its own common stock. As of October 28, 2023, $150.0 million of the authorization was available for repurchases.
Upon cancellation of shares repurchased or withheld for tax withholdings, the excess over par value is recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital until the balance is reduced to zero, with any additional excess recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. During the nine months ended October 28, 2023, $20.1 million was charged to retained earnings related to shares canceled during the period.
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18. Stock-Based Awards
We have certain stock-based compensation plans under which we grant stock-based awards, including common stock, stock options, time-based restricted share units (“RSUs”), and performance-based restricted share units (“Performance RSUs”) to attract, retain, and reward talented employees, officers, and directors, and to align stockholder and employee interests.
Compensation expense for stock-based awards is based on fair value at the measurement date. This expense fluctuates over time as a function of the duration of vesting periods of the stock-based awards and the Company’s performance, as measured by criteria set forth in performance-based awards. Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and the amount of expense ultimately recognized depends on the quantity of awards that actually vest. Accordingly, stock-based compensation expense may vary from period to period.
The performance criteria for the Company’s performance-based equity awards utilize the Company’s operating earnings (adjusted for certain amounts) as a percentage of contract revenues for the applicable annual period (a “Performance Year”) and its Performance Year operating cash flow level (adjusted for certain amounts). Additionally, certain awards include three-year performance measures that, if met, result in supplemental shares awarded. For Performance RSUs, the Company evaluates compensation expense quarterly and recognizes expense for performance-based awards only if it determines it is probable that performance criteria for the awards will be met.
Stock-based compensation expense and the related tax benefit recognized during the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Stock-based compensation | $ | 6,298 |  |  | $ | 4,515 |  |  | $ | 19,240 |  |  | $ | 12,273 |  |
Income tax effect of stock-based compensation | $ | 3,201 |  |  | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 4,768 |  |  | $ | 3,031 |  |

During the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 the Company realized less than $0.1 million and approximately $1.5 million of net excess tax benefits, respectively, related to the vesting and exercise of share-based awards. During the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, the Company realized approximately $2.9 million and $4.1 million of net excess tax benefits, respectively.
As of October 28, 2023, we had unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, RSUs, and target Performance RSUs (based on the Company’s expected achievement of performance measures) of $3.7 million, $23.6 million, and $19.3 million, respectively. This expense will be recognized over a weighted-average number of years of 2.8, 2.8, and 1.4, respectively, based on the average remaining service periods for the awards. We may recognize an additional $13.1 million in compensation expense in future periods after October 28, 2023 if the maximum number of Performance RSUs is earned based on certain performance measures being met.
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Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option award activity during the nine months ended October 28, 2023:

| Stock Options
| Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of January 28, 2023 | 245,706 |  |  | $ | 65.36 |
Granted | 38,155 |  |  | $ | 94.99 |
Options exercised | (9,879) |  |  | $ | 30.83 |
Outstanding as of October 28, 2023 | 273,982 |  |  | $ | 70.73 |
Exercisable options as of October 28, 2023 | 180,369 |  |  | $ | 64.75 |

RSUs and Performance RSUs
The following table summarizes RSU and Performance RSU award activity during the nine months ended October 28, 2023:

| Restricted Stock
| RSUs |  | Performance RSUs
| Share Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Share Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 28, 2023 | 439,903 |  |  | $ | 53.76 |  |  | 385,673 |  |  | $ | 90.32 |
Granted | 164,052 |  |  | $ | 95.27 |  |  | 230,127 |  |  | $ | 94.99 |
Share units vested | (198,746) |  |  | $ | 45.32 |  |  | (112,787) |  |  | $ | 83.25 |
Forfeited or canceled | (5,417) |  |  | $ | 63.63 |  |  | (66,706) |  |  | $ | 81.54 |
Outstanding as of October 28, 2023 | 399,792 |  |  | $ | 74.86 |  |  | 436,307 |  |  | $ | 95.95 |

The total number of granted Performance RSUs presented above consists of 157,380 target shares and 72,747 supplemental shares. The total number of Performance RSUs outstanding as of October 28, 2023 consists of 296,774 target shares and 139,533 supplemental shares. With respect to the Company’s Performance Year ended January 28, 2023, the Company canceled 2,506 target shares and 57,199 supplemental shares during the nine months ended October 28, 2023, as a result of the performance period criteria not being met.
19. Customer Concentration and Revenue Information
Geographic Location
We provide services throughout the United States.
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Significant Customers
Our customer base is highly concentrated, with our top five customers accounting for approximately 57.9% and 67.0% of total contract revenues during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. Customers whose contract revenues exceeded 10% of total contract revenues during the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 or October 29, 2022, as well as total contract revenues from all other customers combined, were as follows (dollars in millions):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
| Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total |
AT&T Inc. | $ | 145.1 |  |  | 12.8% |  | $ | 258.2 |  |  | 24.8% |  | $ | 543.8 |  |  | 16.9% |  | $ | 751.5 |  |  | 26.0% |
Lumen Technologies | 187.6 |  |  | 16.5 |  | 142.9 |  |  | 13.6 |  | 486.5 |  |  | 15.1 |  | 373.3 |  |  | 12.9 |
Comcast Corporation | 111.2 |  |  | 9.8 |  | 108.8 |  |  | 10.4 |  | 351.3 |  |  | 10.9 |  | 331.9 |  |  | 11.5 |
Total other customers combined | 692.2 |  |  | 60.9 |  | 532.5 |  | 51.2 |  | 1,841.5 |  |  | 57.1 |  | 1,434.3 |  |  | 49.6 |
Total contract revenues | $ | 1,136.1 |  |  | 100.0% |  | $ | 1,042.4 |  |  | 100.0% |  | $ | 3,223.1 |  |  | 100.0% |  | $ | 2,891.0 |  |  | 100.0% |

See Note 6, Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets, and Contract Liabilities, for information on our customer credit concentration and collectability of trade accounts receivable and contract assets.
Customer Type
Total contract revenues by customer type during the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 were as follows (dollars in millions):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
| Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total |  | Amount |  | % of Total |
Telecommunications | $ | 1,023.2 |  |  | 90.1% |  | $ | 940.7 |  |  | 90.3% |  | $ | 2,888.5 |  |  | 89.6% |  | $ | 2,590.5 |  |  | 89.6% |
Underground facility locating | 76.9 |  |  | 6.7 |  | 72.1 |  |  | 6.9 |  | 226.6 |  |  | 7.0 |  | 214.5 |  |  | 7.4 |
Electrical and gas utilities and other | 36.0 |  |  | 3.2 |  | 29.6 |  |  | 2.8 |  | 108.0 |  |  | 3.4 |  | 86.0 |  |  | 3.0 |
Total contract revenues | $ | 1,136.1 |  |  | 100.0% |  | $ | 1,042.4 |  |  | 100.0% |  | $ | 3,223.1 |  |  | 100.0% |  | $ | 2,891.0 |  |  | 100.0% |

Remaining Performance Obligations
Master service agreements and other contractual agreements with customers contain customer-specified service requirements, such as discrete pricing for individual tasks. In most cases, our customers are not contractually committed to procure specific volumes of services under these agreements.
Services are generally performed pursuant to these agreements in accordance with individual work orders. An individual work order generally is completed within one year. As a result, our remaining performance obligations under the work orders not yet completed is not meaningful in relation to our overall revenue at any given point in time. We apply the practical expedient in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.
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20. Commitments and Contingencies
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, one of the Company’s subsidiaries ceased operations. This subsidiary contributed to a multiemployer pension plan, the Pension, Hospitalization and Benefit Plan of the Electrical Industry - Pension Trust Fund (the “Plan”). In October 2016, the Plan demanded payment for a claimed withdrawal liability of approximately $13.0 million. In December 2016, the subsidiary submitted a formal request to the Plan seeking review of the Plan’s withdrawal liability determination. The subsidiary disputes the claim that it is required to make payment of a withdrawal liability as demanded by the Plan as it believes that a statutory exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) applies to its activities. The Plan has taken the position that the work at issue does not qualify for that statutory exemption. The subsidiary has submitted this dispute to arbitration, as required by ERISA. In that proceeding, the arbitrator has issued an order indicating that the statutory exemption is not available to the Company’s subsidiary, and the Company’s subsidiary is appealing the arbitrator’s ruling on various grounds. There can be no assurance that the Company’s subsidiary will be successful in its appeal of the arbitrator’s ruling regarding this statutory exemption. As required by ERISA, this subsidiary began making payments to the Plan in the amount of approximately $0.1 million per month in November 2016. The aggregate amount of these payments has been recorded as an asset. If the subsidiary prevails in disputing the withdrawal liability, all such payments are expected to be refunded. Given the stage of this action, it is not possible to estimate a range of loss that could result from either an adverse judgment or a settlement of this matter.
From time to time, we are party to other various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management, based on information available at this time, that the ultimate resolution of any such claims or legal proceedings will not, after considering applicable insurance coverage or other indemnities to which we may be entitled, have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.
Commitments
Performance and Payment Bonds and Guarantees. We have obligations under performance and other surety contract bonds related to certain of our customer contracts. Performance bonds generally provide a customer with the right to obtain payment and/or performance from the issuer of the bond if we fail to perform our contractual obligations. As of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, we had $382.8 million and $299.8 million, respectively, of outstanding performance and other surety contract bonds. In addition to performance and other surety contract bonds, as part of our insurance program we also provide surety bonds that collateralize our obligations to our insurance carriers. As of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, we had $20.4 million and $20.4 million, respectively, of outstanding surety bonds related to our insurance obligations. Additionally, we periodically guarantee certain obligations of our subsidiaries, including obligations in connection with obtaining state contractor licenses and leasing real property and equipment.
Letters of Credit. We have issued standby letters of credit under our Credit Agreement that collateralize our obligations to our insurance carriers. At each of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, we had $47.5 million of outstanding standby letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement.
Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These statements are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may relate to future events, financial performance, strategies, expectations, and the competitive environment. Words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “project,” “forecast,” “target,” “outlook,” “may,” “should,” “could,” and similar expressions, as well as statements written in the future tense, identify forward-looking statements.
You should not consider forward-looking statements as guarantees of future performance or results. When made, forward-looking statements are based on information known to management at such time and/or management’s good faith belief with respect to future events. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors, assumptions, uncertainties, and risks that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to: projections of revenues, income or loss, or capital expenditures, future economic conditions and trends in the industries we serve, customer capital budgets and spending priorities, our plans for future operations, growth and services, including contract backlog, our plans for future acquisitions, dispositions, or financial needs, expected benefits and synergies of businesses acquired and future opportunities for the combined businesses, anticipated outcomes of contingent events, including litigation, availability of capital, restrictions imposed by our senior notes and credit agreement, use of our cash flow to service our debt, the effect of changes in tax law, potential liabilities and other adverse effects arising from occupational health, safety, and other regulatory matters, potential
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exposure to environmental liabilities, determinations as to whether the carrying value of our assets is impaired, assumptions relating to any of the foregoing, the duration and severity of a pandemic caused by COVID-19 and its ultimate impact across our business, and the other risks and uncertainties discussed within Item 1, Business, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 3, 2023 and our other periodic filings with the SEC. Our forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement and are only made as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or events or circumstances arising after such date.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023 was filed with the SEC on March 3, 2023, and is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.dycomind.com.
Introduction
We are a leading provider of specialty contracting services throughout the United States. These services include program management; planning; engineering and design; aerial, underground, and wireless construction; maintenance; and fulfillment services for telecommunications providers. Additionally, we provide underground facility locating services for various utilities, including telecommunications providers, and other construction and maintenance services for electric and gas utilities. We supply the labor, tools, and equipment necessary to provide these services to our customers.
Significant demand for broadband services is driven by applications that require high speed connections as well as the everyday use of mobile data devices. To respond to this demand and other advances in technology, major industry participants are constructing or upgrading significant wireline networks across broad sections of the country. These wireline networks are generally designed to provision gigabit network speeds to individual consumers and businesses, either directly or wirelessly using 5G technologies. Industry participants have stated their belief that a single high capacity fiber network can most cost effectively deliver services to both consumers and businesses, enabling multiple revenue streams from a single investment. We believe this view is increasing the appetite for fiber deployments and that the industry’s effort to deploy high capacity fiber networks continues to meaningfully broaden the set of opportunities for our industry. Increasing access to high-capacity telecommunications continues to be crucial to society, especially for rural America. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (“Infrastructure Act”) includes over $40 billion for the construction of rural communications networks in unserved and underserved areas across the country under the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program (“BEAD Program”). This represents an unprecedented level of support and meaningfully increases the rural market that we expect will ultimately be addressed. States are progressing through the requirements to submit their initial BEAD proposals. In addition, substantially all states have commenced programs that will provide funding for telecommunications networks even prior to the initiation of funding under the Infrastructure Act.
We are providing program management, planning, engineering and design, aerial, underground, and wireless construction and fulfillment services for gigabit deployments. These services are being provided across the country in numerous geographic areas to multiple customers. These deployments include networks consisting entirely of wired network elements and converged wireless/wireline multi-use networks. Fiber network deployment opportunities are increasing in rural America as new industry participants respond to emerging societal initiatives. We continue to provide integrated planning, engineering and design, procurement and construction and maintenance services to several industry participants.
Macro-economic conditions, including those impacting the cost of capital, may influence the execution of some industry plans. In addition, the market for labor remains tight in many regions around the country. Automotive and equipment supply chains remain challenged, particularly for the large truck chassis required for specialty equipment. Prices for capital equipment continue to increase. It remains to be seen how long these conditions may persist. We expect demand may fluctuate less amongst customers as increases in the cost of capital slow. For several customers, the pace of deployments is increasing into next year, including for those customers whose capital expenditures were more heavily weighted toward the first half of calendar year 2023. For these customers, we are pleased that some activity may already be increasing. We are encouraged by recent longer-term industry financings. These financings have expanded the pool of capital available to fund future industry growth. Within this context, we remain confident that our scale and financial strength position us well to deliver valuable service to our customers.
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We have extended our geographic reach and expanded our program management and network planning services. In fact, over the last several years we believe we have meaningfully increased the long-term value of our maintenance and operations business, a trend which we believe will parallel our deployment of gigabit wireline direct and wireless/wireline converged networks as those deployments dramatically increase the amount of outside plant network that must be extended and maintained.
Telephone companies are deploying fiber-to-the-home to enable gigabit high-speed connections. Rural electric utilities are doing the same. Dramatically increased speeds for consumers are being provisioned and consumer data usage is growing, particularly upstream. Wireless construction activity in support of newly available spectrum bands continues this year. Federal and state support for rural deployments of communications networks is dramatically increasing in scale and duration. Cable operators are increasing fiber deployments in rural America. Capacity expansion projects are underway. Customers are consolidating supply chains creating opportunities for market share growth and increasing the long-term value of our maintenance and operations business.
The cyclical nature of the industry we serve affects demand for our services. The capital expenditure and maintenance budgets of our customers, and the related timing of approvals and seasonal spending patterns, influence our contract revenues and results of operations. Factors affecting our customers and their capital expenditure budgets include, but are not limited to, overall economic conditions, the introduction of new technologies, our customers’ debt levels and capital structures, our customers’ financial performance, our customers’ positioning and strategic plans, and any potential effects from the COVID-19 pandemic. Other factors that may affect our customers and their capital expenditure budgets include new regulations or regulatory actions impacting our customers’ businesses, merger or acquisition activity involving our customers, and the physical maintenance needs of our customers’ infrastructure.
Customer Relationships and Contractual Arrangements
We have established relationships with many leading telecommunications providers, including telephone companies, cable multiple system operators, wireless carriers, telecommunications equipment and infrastructure providers, as well as electric and gas utilities. Our customer base is highly concentrated, with our top five customers accounting for approximately 57.9% and 67.0% of our total contract revenues during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively.
The following reflects the percentage of total contract revenues from customers who contributed at least 2.5% to our total contract revenues during the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 or October 29, 2022:

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
AT&T Inc. | 12.8% |  | 24.8% |  | 16.9% |  | 26.0% |
Lumen Technologies | 16.5% |  | 13.6% |  | 15.1% |  | 12.9% |
Comcast Corporation | 9.8% |  | 10.4% |  | 10.9% |  | 11.5% |
Verizon Communications Inc. | 9.2% |  | 9.1% |  | 9.6% |  | 8.9% |
Frontier Communications Corporation | 3.0% |  | 8.5% |  | 5.4% |  | 7.8% |
Charter Communications, Inc. | 5.5% |  | 1.8% |  | 3.5% |  | 1.8% |

In addition, another customer contributed 6.1% and 3.4% to our total contract revenues during the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 this customer contributed 5.4% and 3.5%, respectively.
We perform a majority of our services under master service agreements and other contracts that contain customer-specified service requirements. These agreements include discrete pricing for individual tasks. We generally possess multiple agreements with each of our significant customers. To the extent that such agreements specify exclusivity, there are often exceptions, including the ability of the customer to issue work orders valued above a specified dollar amount to other service providers, the performance of work with the customer’s own employees, and the use of other service providers when jointly placing facilities with another utility. In many cases, a customer may terminate an agreement for convenience. Historically, multi-year master service agreements have been awarded primarily through a competitive bidding process; however, occasionally we are able to negotiate extensions to these agreements. We provide the remainder of our services pursuant to contracts for specific projects. These contracts may be long-term (with terms greater than one year) or short-term (with terms less than one year) and at times include retainage provisions under which the customer may withhold 5% to 10% of the invoiced amounts pending project completion and closeout.
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The following table summarizes our contract revenues from multi-year master service agreements and other long-term contracts, as a percentage of contract revenues:

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Multi-year master service agreements | 75.1 | % |  | 79.6 | % |  | 77.9 | % |  | 79.4 | % |
Other long-term contracts | 13.9 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | 10.8 |  |
Total long-term contracts | 89.0 | % |  | 89.4 | % |  | 89.7 | % |  | 90.2 | % |

Acquisitions
As part of our growth strategy, we may acquire companies that expand, complement, or diversify our business. We regularly review opportunities and periodically engage in discussions regarding possible acquisitions. Our ability to sustain our growth and maintain our competitive position may be affected by our ability to identify, acquire, and successfully integrate companies.
On August 18, 2023, the Company acquired Bigham Cable Construction, Inc. ("Bigham"), for $131.2 million ($127.0 million fixed purchase price, plus cash acquired of $8.3 million, less indebtedness of $4.1 million). Bigham provides construction and maintenance services for telecommunications providers in the southeastern United States. This acquisition expands the Company’s geographic presence within its existing customer base.
Results of the business acquired are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition The purchase price allocation of Bigham is preliminary and will be completed when valuations for intangible assets and other amounts are finalized within the 12-month measurement period from the date of acquisition.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements. These statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In conformity with GAAP, the preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions require the use of judgment as to the likelihood of various future outcomes and, as a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023.
Understanding Our Results of Operations
The following information is presented so that the reader may better understand certain factors impacting our results of operations and should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates within Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2023.
The Company uses a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the last Saturday in January. Fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2024 each consist of 52 weeks of operations. The next 53 week fiscal period will occur in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026.
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Contract Revenues. We perform a significant amount of our services under master service agreements and other contracts that contain customer-specified service requirements. These agreements include discrete pricing for individual tasks including, for example, the placement of underground or aerial fiber, directional boring, and fiber splicing, each based on a specific unit of measure. A contractual agreement exists when each party involved approves and commits to the agreement, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the agreement has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Our services are performed for the sole benefit of our customers, whereby the assets being created or maintained are controlled by the customer and the services we perform do not have alternative benefits for us. Contract revenue is recognized over time as services are performed and customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits we provide. Output measures such as units delivered are utilized to assess progress against specific contractual performance obligations for the majority of our services. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the services to be provided. For us, the output method using units delivered best represents the measure of progress against the performance obligations incorporated within the contractual agreements. This method captures the amount of units delivered pursuant to contracts and is used only when our performance does not produce significant amounts of work in process prior to complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. For a portion of contract items, units to be completed consist of multiple tasks. For these items, the transaction price is allocated to each task based on relative standalone measurements, such as selling prices for similar tasks, or in the alternative, the cost to perform the tasks. Contract revenue is recognized as the tasks are completed as a measurement of progress in the satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligation.
For certain contracts, representing less than 5% of contract revenues during each of the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, we use the cost-to-cost measure of progress. These contracts are generally projects that are completed over a period of less than twelve months. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs. Contract costs include direct labor, direct materials, and subcontractor costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs. Contract revenues are recorded as costs are incurred. We accrue the entire amount of a contract loss, if any, at the time the loss is determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Costs of Earned Revenues. Costs of earned revenues includes all direct costs of providing services under our contracts, including costs for direct labor provided by employees, services by subcontractors, operation of capital equipment (excluding depreciation), direct materials, costs of insuring our risks, and other direct costs. Under our insurance program, we retain the risk of loss, up to certain limits, for matters related to automobile liability, general liability (including damages associated with underground facility locating services), workers’ compensation, and employee group health.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee compensation and related expenses, including performance-based compensation and stock-based compensation, legal, consulting and professional fees, information technology and development costs, provision for or recoveries of bad debt expense, acquisition and integration costs of businesses acquired, and other costs not directly related to the provision of our services under customer contracts. Our provision for bad debt expense is determined by evaluating specific accounts receivable and contract asset balances based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding receivables, and the creditworthiness of our customers. We incur information technology and development costs primarily to support and enhance our operating efficiency. Our executive management team and the senior management of our subsidiaries perform substantially all of our sales and marketing functions as part of their management responsibilities.
Depreciation and Amortization. Our property and equipment primarily consist of vehicles, equipment and machinery, and computer hardware and software. We depreciate property and equipment on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In addition, we have intangible assets, including customer relationships, trade names, and contractual intangibles, which we amortize over their estimated useful lives. We recognize amortization of customer relationship intangibles on an accelerated basis as a function of the expected economic benefit and amortization of other finite-lived intangibles on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense, net, consists of interest incurred on outstanding variable rate and fixed rate debt and certain other obligations, and the amortization of debt issuance costs. See Note 14, Debt, in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information on debt issuance costs and the non-cash amortization of the debt discount.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net, primarily consists of gains or losses from sales of fixed assets. Other income, net also includes discount fee expense associated with the collection of accounts receivable under a customer-sponsored vendor payment program.
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Seasonality and Fluctuations in Operating Results. Our contract revenues and results of operations exhibit seasonality and are impacted by adverse weather changes as we perform a significant portion of our work outdoors. Consequently, adverse weather, which is more likely to occur with greater frequency, severity, and duration during the winter, as well as reduced daylight hours, impact our operations during the fiscal quarters ending in January and April. Additionally, extreme weather conditions, such as major or extended winter storms, droughts and tornados, and natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, tropical storms, whether as a result of climate change or otherwise, could also impact the demand for our services or impact our ability to perform our services. Also, several holidays fall within the fiscal quarter ending in January, which decreases the number of available workdays in this fiscal quarter. Because of these factors, we are most likely to experience reduced revenue and profitability or losses during the fiscal quarters ending in January and April compared to the fiscal quarters ending in July and October.
We may also experience variations in our profitability driven by a number of factors. These factors include variations and fluctuations in contract revenues, job specific costs, insurance claims, the allowance for doubtful accounts, accruals for contingencies, stock-based compensation expense for performance-based stock awards, the fair value of reporting units for the goodwill impairment analysis, the valuation of intangibles and other long-lived assets, gains or losses on the sale of fixed assets from the timing and levels of capital assets sold, the employer portion of payroll taxes as a result of reaching statutory limits, and our effective tax rate.
Accordingly, operating results for any fiscal period are not necessarily indicative of results we may achieve for any subsequent fiscal period.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated. Percentages represent the result of dividing each item by contract revenues (totals may not add due to rounding) (dollars in millions):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Contract revenues | $ | 1,136.1 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,042.4 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 3,223.1 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 2,891.0 |  |  | 100.0 | % |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs of earned revenues, excluding depreciation and amortization | 886.7 |  |  | 78.0 |  |  | 850.9 |  |  | 81.6 |  |  | 2,570.4 |  |  | 79.7 |  |  | 2,394.6 |  |  | 82.8 |  |
General and administrative | 87.5 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 78.8 |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | 254.7 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 221.5 |  |  | 7.7 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 42.5 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 35.5 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 117.8 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 107.4 |  |  | 3.7 |  |
Total | 1,016.7 |  |  | 89.5 |  |  | 965.1 |  |  | 92.6 |  |  | 2,942.9 |  |  | 91.3 |  |  | 2,723.6 |  |  | 94.2 |  |
Interest expense, net | (14.0) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (10.6) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (37.6) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (29.1) |  |  | (1.0) |  |
Other income, net | 6.9 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 17.6 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |
Income before income taxes | 112.4 |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 69.2 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 260.2 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 148.2 |  |  | 5.1 |  |
Provision for income taxes | 28.6 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 15.1 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 64.7 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 30.8 |  |  | 1.1 |  |
Net income | $ | 83.7 |  |  | 7.4 | % |  | $ | 54.0 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | $ | 195.5 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | $ | 117.4 |  |  | 4.1 | % |

Contract Revenues. Contract revenues were $1,136.1 million during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $1,042.4 million during the three months ended October 29, 2022. Contract revenues from an acquired business were $45.2 million for the three months ended October 28, 2023. There were no acquired revenues during the three months ended October 29, 2022.
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Excluding amounts generated by the acquired business, contract revenues increased by $48.5 million during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended October 29, 2022. Included in this increase was $26.5 million of contract revenues from a change order and the closeout of several projects during the three months ended October 28, 2023. Contract revenues increased by $51.3 million for a telecommunications customer primarily for fiber deployments and by $44.7 million and $9.8 million, respectively, for two large telecommunication customers, primarily for services for fiber deployments. Additionally, there was an increase of $35.2 million for a rural telecommunications customer, and $34.0 million for another customer for fiber deployments. Contract revenue decreased by $113.1 million for a large telecommunications customer improving its network and $55.1 million for another telecommunications customer. All other customers had net increases in contract revenues of $41.7 million on a combined basis during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended October 29, 2022.
The percentage of our contract revenues by customer type from telecommunications, underground facility locating, and electric and gas utilities and other customers, was 90.1%, 6.7%, and 3.2%, respectively, for the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to 90.3%, 6.9%, and 2.8%, respectively, for the three months ended October 29, 2022.
Contract revenues were $3,223.1 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $2,891.0 million during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. Contract revenues from an acquired business were $45.2 million for the nine months ended October 28, 2023. There were no acquired revenues during the nine months ended October 29, 2022.
Excluding amounts generated by the acquired business, contract revenues increased by $286.9 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to the nine months ended October 29, 2022. Included in this increase was $26.5 million of contract revenues from a change order and the closeout of several projects during the nine months ended October 28, 2023. Contract revenues increased $140.8 million and $52.8 million for two large telecommunication customers primarily for fiber deployments, $113.2 million for a large telecommunications customer primarily for increases in services performed under existing contracts, $70.7 million for another customer for fiber deployments, and $65.6 million for a rural telecommunications customer. Contract revenues decreased by $207.7 million for a large telecommunications customer improving its network and $49.5 million for another telecommunications customer. All other customers had net increases in contract revenues of $101.0 million on a combined basis during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to the nine months ended October 29, 2022.
The percentage of our contract revenues by customer type from telecommunications, underground facility locating, and electric and gas utilities and other customers, was 89.6%, 7.0%, and 3.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to 89.6%, 7.4%, and 3.0%, respectively, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022.
Costs of Earned Revenues. Costs of earned revenues increased to $886.7 million, or 78.0% of contract revenues, during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $850.9 million, or 81.6% of contract revenues, during the three months ended October 29, 2022. The primary components of the increase were a $40.2 million aggregate increase in direct labor and subcontractor costs, partially offset by a $2.7 million decrease in other direct costs, including insurance, travel cost, permits and other expenses, $0.7 million decrease in direct materials expense, and a $1.1 million net decrease from lower fuel costs and higher equipment costs.
Costs of earned revenues as a percentage of contract revenues decreased 3.6% during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to the three months ended October 29, 2022. Labor and subcontracted labor costs decreased 1.7% primarily due to the mix of work performed during the three months ended October 28, 2023. Other direct costs decreased 0.8% and direct material costs decreased 0.6% primarily as a result of our mix of work in which we provide materials for customers. Equipment and fuel costs decreased 0.5% on a net basis as a percentage of contract revenues.
Costs of earned revenues increased to $2,570.4 million, or 79.7% of contract revenues, during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $2,394.6 million, or 82.8% of contract revenues, during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. The primary components of the increase were a $170.1 million aggregate increase in direct labor and subcontractor costs, a $8.7 million increase in other direct costs, including insurance, travel cost, permits and other expenses, a $1.2 million increase in direct materials expense, and a $4.1 million net decrease lower fuel costs and higher equipment costs.
Costs of earned revenues as a percentage of contract revenues decreased 3.1% during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to the nine months ended October 29, 2022. Labor and subcontracted labor costs decreased 1.3% primarily due to the mix of work performed. Equipment and fuel costs decreased 0.7% on a net basis as a percentage of contract revenues. Direct material costs decreased 0.6%, primarily as a result of our mix of work in which we provide materials for our customers, and other direct costs decreased 0.4% during the nine months ended October 28, 2023.
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General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $87.5 million, or 7.7% of contract revenues, during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $78.8 million, or 7.6% of contract revenues, during the three months ended October 29, 2022. The increase in total general and administrative expenses during the three months ended October 28, 2023 is mainly attributable to an increase in administrative, compensation, and other costs.
General and administrative expenses increased to $254.7 million, or 7.9% of contract revenues, during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $221.5 million, or 7.7% of contract revenues, during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. The increase in total general and administrative expenses during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 is mainly attributable to an increase in administrative, compensation, and other costs.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation expense was $36.5 million, or 3.2% of contract revenues, during the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $31.6 million, or 3.0% of contract revenues, during the three months ended October 29, 2022. Depreciation expense was $104.8 million, or 3.3% of contract revenues, during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $95.7 million, or 3.3% of contract revenues, during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. The increase in depreciation expense during the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 is primarily due to higher capital expenditures to support our growth in operations and the normal replacement cycle of fleet assets.
Amortization expense was $6.0 million and $3.9 million during the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively and $13.0 million and $11.7 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022. The increase in amortization expense during the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 is due to the increase in amortizing intangibles from the acquired business.
Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense, net was $14.0 million and $10.6 million during the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively, as a result of higher interest rates on funded debt balances, offset in part by higher interest income on invested cash balances.
Interest expense, net was $37.6 million and $29.1 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively, as a result of higher interest rates on funded debt balances, offset in part by higher interest income on invested cash balances.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net was $6.9 million and $2.5 million during the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively and $17.6 million and $9.9 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. Gain on sale of fixed assets was $8.4 million and $5.1 million during the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively and $23.7 million and $14.0 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. The change in other income, net is primarily a function of the number of assets sold and prices obtained for those assets during each respective period. Other income, net also reflects $2.2 million and $3.3 million of expense during the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 respectively, and $7.8 million and $5.7 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively, associated with the non-recourse sale of accounts receivable under a customer-sponsored vendor payment program.
Income Taxes. The following table presents our income tax provision and effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 (dollars in millions):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Income tax provision | $ | 28.6 |  |  | $ | 15.1 |  |  | $ | 64.7 |  |  | $ | 30.8 |  |
Effective income tax rate | 25.5 | % |  | 21.9 | % |  | 24.9 | % |  | 20.8 | % |

Our effective income tax rate was 25.5% and 21.9% for the three months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively, and 24.9% and 20.8% for the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the difference in income tax rates from state to state where work was performed, the impact of the vesting and exercise of share-based awards, tax credits recognized, and variances in non-deductible and non-taxable items. Other fluctuations in our effective income tax rate from the statutory rate each period are mainly attributable to changes in unrecognized tax benefits and tax law changes.
We are currently under IRS audit for fiscal year 2020. We believe our provision for income taxes is adequate; however, any assessment may affect our results of operations and cash flows.
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Net Income. Net income was $83.7 million for the three months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $54.0 million for the three months ended October 29, 2022. Net income was $195.5 million the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $117.4 million the nine months ended October 29, 2022.
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP measure, as defined by Regulation G of the SEC. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, gain on sale of fixed assets, stock-based compensation expense, and certain non-recurring items. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA is a helpful measure for comparing the Company’s operating performance with prior periods as well as with the performance of other companies with different capital structures or tax rates. The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |  | October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022 |
Net income | $ | 83,736 |  |  | $ | 54,012 |  |  | $ | 195,505 |  |  | $ | 117,404 |  |
Interest expense, net | 13,952 |  |  | 10,592 |  |  | 37,601 |  |  | 29,057 |  |
Provision for income taxes | 28,633 |  |  | 15,144 |  |  | 64,719 |  |  | 30,835 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 42,522 |  |  | 35,454 |  |  | 117,786 |  |  | 107,436 |  |
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortization (“EBITDA”) | 168,843 |  |  | 115,202 |  |  | 415,611 |  |  | 284,732 |  |
Gain on sale of fixed assets | (8,357) |  |  | (5,135) |  |  | (23,730) |  |  | (13,991) |  |
Stock-based compensation expense | 6,298 |  |  | 4,515 |  |  | 19,240 |  |  | 12,273 |  |
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 166,784 |  |  | $ | 114,582 |  |  | $ | 411,121 |  |  | $ | 283,014 |  |
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA % of contract revenues | 14.7 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 12.8 | % |  | 9.8 | % |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
We are subject to concentrations of credit risk relating primarily to our cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, and contract assets. Cash and equivalents primarily include balances on deposit with banks and totaled $15.7 million as of October 28, 2023 compared to $224.2 million as of January 28, 2023. We maintain our cash and equivalents at financial institutions we believe to be of high credit quality. To date, we have not experienced any loss or lack of access to cash in our operating accounts.
Sources of Cash. Our sources of cash are operating activities, long-term debt, equity offerings, bank borrowings, proceeds from the sale of idle and surplus equipment and real property, and stock option proceeds. Cash flow from operations is primarily influenced by demand for our services and operating margins, but can also be influenced by working capital needs associated with the services that we provide. In particular, working capital needs may increase when we have growth in operations and where project costs, primarily associated with labor, subcontractors, equipment, and materials, are required to be paid before the related customer balances owed to us are invoiced and collected. Our working capital (total current assets less total current liabilities, excluding the current portion of debt) was $1,237.4 million as of October 28, 2023 compared to $1,040.6 million as of January 28, 2023.
Capital resources are used primarily to purchase equipment and maintain sufficient levels of working capital to support our contractual commitments to customers. We periodically borrow from and repay our revolving credit facility depending on our cash requirements. We currently intend to retain any earnings for use in the business and other capital allocation strategies which may include share repurchases, investment in acquisitions, and extinguishment of debt. Consequently, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Our level of capital expenditures can vary depending on the customer demand for our services, the replacement cycle we select for our equipment, and overall growth. We intend to fund these expenditures primarily from operating cash flows, availability under our credit agreement and cash on hand.
Sufficiency of Capital Resources. We believe that our capital resources, including existing cash balances and amounts available under our Credit Agreement, are sufficient to meet our financial obligations. These obligations include payments on our debt, working capital requirements, and the purchase of equipment at our expected level of operations for at least the next 12 months. Our capital requirements may increase to the extent we seek to grow by acquisitions that involve consideration other
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than our stock, experience difficulty or delays in collecting amounts owed to us by our customers, increase our working capital in connection with new or existing customer programs, repurchase our common stock, or repay credit agreement borrowings. Changes in financial markets or other components of the economy could adversely impact our ability to access the capital markets, in which case we would expect to rely on a combination of available cash and our credit agreement to provide short-term funding. Management regularly monitors the financial markets and assesses general economic conditions for possible impact on our financial position. We believe our cash investment policies are prudent and expect that any volatility in the capital markets would not have a material impact on our cash investments.
Net Cash Flows. The following table presents our net cash flows for the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022 (dollars in millions):

| For the Nine Months Ended
| October 28, 2023 |  | October 29, 2022
Net cash flows: |  |  |
Used in operating activities | $ | (66.1) |  |  | $ | (81.5) |
Used in investing activities | $ | (253.5) |  |  | $ | (121.3) |
Provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 111.1 |  |  | $ | (42.7) |

Cash used in Operating Activities. Depreciation and amortization, non-cash lease expense, stock-based compensation, amortization of debt issuance costs, deferred income taxes, gain on sale of fixed assets and provision for bad debt were the primary non-cash items in cash flows from operating activities during the current and prior periods.
During the nine months ended October 28, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $66.1 million. Changes in working capital (excluding cash) and changes in other long-term assets and liabilities used $402.0 million of operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 28, 2023. Changes that used operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 included an increase in accounts receivable, a decrease in income taxes payable/receivable, an increase in contract assets, net, and an increase in other current assets and inventories, of $361.1 million, $14.6 million, $11.3 million, and $5.7 million, respectively. In addition, changes that used operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 included a decrease in accrued liabilities of $6.6 million and accounts payable of $3.5 million. A decrease in other assets of $0.7 million provided operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 28, 2023.
Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) is calculated based on the ending balance of total current accounts receivable (including unbilled accounts receivable), net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, and current contract assets, net of contract liabilities, divided by the average daily revenue for the most recently completed quarter. Long-term contract assets are excluded from the calculation of DSO, as these amounts represent payments made to customers pursuant to long-term agreements and are recognized as a reduction of contract revenues over the period for which the related services are provided to the customers. Including these balances in DSO is not meaningful to the average time to collect accounts receivable and current contract asset balances. Our DSO was 121 as of October 28, 2023 compared to 112 as of October 29, 2022.
See Note 6, Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets, and Contract Liabilities, for further information on our customer credit concentration as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023 and Note 19, Customer Concentration and Revenue Information, for further information on our significant customers. We believe that none of our significant customers were experiencing financial difficulties that would materially impact the collectability of our total accounts receivable and contract assets, net as of October 28, 2023 or January 28, 2023.
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $81.5 million. Changes in working capital (excluding cash) and changes in other long-term assets and liabilities used $336.4 million of operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. Changes that used operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 29, 2022 included an increase in accounts receivable, other current assets and inventories, and contract assets, net of $350.7 million, $37.8 million, and $32.9 million, respectively. Changes that provided operating cash flow during the nine months ended October 29, 2022 included an increase in accounts payable of $42.1 million and a net increase in income taxes payable of $22.1 million. In addition, changes that provided operating cash flow included a decrease in other assets of $4.2 million and an increase in accrued liabilities of $16.5 million.
Cash Used in Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $253.5 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 compared to $121.3 million during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. During the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, capital expenditures were $161.1 million and $135.8 million, respectively. Capital expenditures increased during the nine months ended October 28, 2023, primarily as a result of spending for new work
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opportunities and the replacement of certain fleet assets. These expenditures were offset in part by proceeds from the sale of assets of $30.5 million and $14.5 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023 and October 29, 2022, respectively. During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we paid $122.9 million, net of cash acquired for the acquisition of Bigham.
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was $111.1 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023. During the nine months ended October 28, 2023, borrowings under our credit agreement were $475.0 million. We used approximately $334.1 million to repay borrowings under our Credit Agreement. We repurchased 225,000 shares of our common stock in open market transactions, at an average price of $90.21 per share, for $20.3 million, during the nine months ended October 28, 2023. We also paid $9.8 million to tax authorities in order to meet the payroll tax withholding obligations on restricted share units that vested during the nine months ended October 28, 2023. This was partially offset by the exercise of stock options, which provided $0.3 million during the nine months ended October 28, 2023.
Net cash used in financing activities was $42.7 million during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. We repurchased 304,030 shares of our common stock in open market transactions, at an average price of $93.85 per share, for $28.5 million, during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. We also paid $5.6 million to tax authorities in order to meet the payroll tax withholding obligations on restricted share units that vested during the nine months ended October 29, 2022. In addition, we used approximately $13.1 million to repay term loan borrowings under our Credit Agreement. This was partially offset by the exercise of stock options, which provided $4.6 million during the nine months ended October 29, 2022.
Compliance with Credit Agreement. We are party to a credit agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, with the various lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with a revolver commitment in aggregate amount equal to $650.0 million and a term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million. The Credit Agreement includes a $200.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $50.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. The maturity of the Credit Agreement is April 1, 2026.
Subject to certain conditions, the Credit Agreement provides us with the ability to enter into one or more incremental facilities either by increasing the revolving commitments under the Credit Agreement and/or by establishing one or more additional term loans, up to the sum of (i) $350.0 million and (ii) an aggregate amount such that, after giving effect to such incremental facilities on a pro forma basis (assuming that the amount of the incremental commitments are fully drawn and funded), the consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio does not exceed 2.25 to 1.00. The consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio is the ratio of our consolidated senior secured indebtedness reduced by unrestricted cash and equivalents in excess of $25.0 million to our trailing four-quarter consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), as defined by the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries and secured by 100% of the equity interests of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting equity interests and 100% of the non-voting interests of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries (subject to customary exceptions).
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Under our Credit Agreement, borrowings bear interest at the rates described below based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio, which is the ratio of our consolidated total funded debt reduced by unrestricted cash and equivalents in excess of $25.0 million to our trailing four-quarter consolidated EBITDA, as defined by our Credit Agreement. In addition, we incur certain fees for unused balances and letters of credit at the rates described below, also based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio.

Borrowings - Eurodollar Rate Loans | 1.25% - 2.00% plus SOFR
Borrowings - Base Rate Loans | 0.25% - 1.00% plus Base rate(1)
Unused Revolver Commitment | 0.20% - 0.40%
Standby Letters of Credit | 1.25% - 2.00%
Commercial Letters of Credit | 0.625% - 1.00%

(1) Base rate is described in the Credit Agreement as the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the administrative agent’s prime rate, and (iii) the Eurodollar rate plus 1.00% and, if such rate is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero.
Standby letters of credit of approximately $47.5 million and $47.5 million issued as part of our insurance program, were outstanding under our Credit Agreement at each of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively.
The weighted average interest rates and fees for balances under our Credit Agreement as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023 were as follows:

| Weighted Average Rate End of Period
| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Borrowings - Term loan facility | 6.93% |  | 6.21%
Borrowings - Revolving facility(1) | 7.56% |  | —%
Standby Letters of Credit | 1.50% |  | 1.75%
Unused Revolver Commitment | 0.25% |  | 0.35%

(1) There were no outstanding borrowings under our revolving facility as of January 29, 2022.
Our Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of not greater than 3.50 to 1.00 as measured at the end of each fiscal quarter, and provides for certain increases to this ratio in connection with permitted acquisitions. The consolidated net leverage ratio is the ratio of our consolidated indebtedness reduced by unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in excess of $25.0 million to our trailing four-quarter consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization as defined by our Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a consolidated interest coverage ratio, which is the ratio of our trailing four-quarter consolidated EBITDA to our consolidated interest expense, each as defined by our Credit Agreement, of not less than 3.00 to 1.00, as measured at the end of each fiscal quarter. At each of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our Credit Agreement and had borrowing availability under the revolving facility of $448.5 million as determined by the most restrictive covenant. For calculation purposes, applicable cash on hand is netted against the funded debt amount as permitted in the Credit Agreement.
On May 9, 2023, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries amended the Credit Agreement to replace LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and provides that term loans and revolving loans will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, either term SOFR or the base rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin that will be determined based on the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio, as specified above. “Term SOFR” will be the published forward-looking SOFR rate for the applicable interest period plus a 0.10% spread adjustment.
The indenture governing the 2029 Notes contains certain covenants that limit, among other things, our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to (i) incur additional debt and issue certain preferred stock, (ii) pay certain dividends on, repurchase, or make distributions in respect of, our and our subsidiaries’ capital stock or make other payments restricted by the indenture, (iii) enter into agreements that place limitations on distributions made from certain of our subsidiaries, (iv) guarantee certain debt, (v) make certain investments, (vi) sell or exchange certain assets, (vii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (viii) create certain liens, and (ix) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our or our Subsidiaries’ assets. These
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covenants are subject to a number of exceptions, limitations and qualifications as set forth in the indenture governing the 2029 Notes.
Contractual Obligations. The following table sets forth our outstanding contractual obligations as of October 28, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Due less than 1 Year |  | Due Thereafter |  | Total
2029 Notes | $ | — |  |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  | $ | 500,000 |
Credit agreement – revolving facility | — |  |  | 154,000 |  |  | 154,000 |
Credit agreement – term loan facility | 17,500 |  |  | 301,875 |  |  | 319,375 |
Fixed interest payments on long-term debt(1) | 22,500 |  |  | 101,250 |  |  | 123,750 |
Obligations under long-term operating leases | 34,039 |  |  | 49,973 |  |  | 84,012 |
Obligations under short-term operating leases(2) | 1,546 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,546 |
Employment agreements | 28,532 |  |  | 5,886 |  |  | 34,418 |
Purchase and other contractual obligations(3) | 120,324 |  |  | 26,368 |  |  | 146,692 |
Total | $ | 224,441 |  |  | $ | 1,139,352 |  |  | $ | 1,363,793 |

(1) Includes interest payments on our $500.0 million principal amount of 2029 Notes outstanding, and excludes interest payments on our variable rate debt. Variable rate debt as of October 28, 2023 consisted of $319.4 million outstanding under our term loan facility.
(2)Amounts represent lease obligations under short-term operating leases that are not recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 28, 2023.
(3)We have committed capital for the expansion of our vehicle fleet in order to accommodate manufacturer lead times. As of October 28, 2023, purchase and other contractual obligations includes approximately $101.5 million for issued orders with delivery dates scheduled to occur over the next 12 months.
Our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 28, 2023 includes a long-term liability of approximately $50.3 million for accrued insurance claims. This liability has been excluded from the table above as the timing of payments is uncertain.
The liability for unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions was approximately $16.3 million and $15.8 million as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively, and is included in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. This amount has been excluded from the contractual obligations table because we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of the resolution of the underlying tax positions with the relevant tax authorities.
Performance and Payment Bonds and Guarantees. We have obligations under performance and other surety contract bonds related to certain of our customer contracts. Performance bonds generally provide a customer with the right to obtain payment and/or performance from the issuer of the bond if we fail to perform our contractual obligations. As of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023 we had $382.8 million and $299.8 million of outstanding performance and other surety contract bonds, respectively. The estimated cost to complete projects secured by our outstanding performance and other surety contract bonds was approximately $114.4 million as of October 28, 2023. In addition to performance and other surety contract bonds, as part of our insurance program we also provide surety bonds that collateralize our obligations to our insurance carriers. As of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, we had $20.4 million and $20.4 million, respectively, of outstanding surety bonds related to our insurance obligations. Additionally, we periodically guarantee certain obligations of our subsidiaries, including obligations in connection with obtaining state contractor licenses and leasing real property and equipment.
Letters of Credit. We have standby letters of credit issued under our Credit Agreement as part of our insurance program. These letters of credit collateralize obligations to our insurance carriers in connection with the settlement of potential claims. In connection with these collateral obligations, we had $47.5 million outstanding standby letters of credit issued under our Credit Agreement as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively.
Backlog. Backlog is not a measure defined by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, GAAP results. Participants in our industry often disclose a calculation of their backlog; however, our methodology for determining backlog may not be comparable to the methodologies
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used by others. We utilize our calculation of backlog to assist in measuring aggregate awards under existing contractual relationships with our customers. We believe our backlog disclosures will assist investors in better understanding this estimate of the services to be performed pursuant to awards by our customers under existing contractual relationships.
Our backlog is an estimate of the uncompleted portion of services to be performed under contractual agreements with our customers and totaled $6.613 billion and $6.141 billion at October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively. We expect to complete 57.9% of the October 28, 2023 total backlog during the next twelve months. Our backlog represents an estimate of services to be performed pursuant to master service agreements and other contractual agreements over the terms of those contracts. These estimates are based on contract terms and evaluations regarding the timing of the services to be provided. In the case of master service agreements, backlog is estimated based on the work performed in the preceding twelve month period, when available. When estimating backlog for newly initiated master service agreements and other long and short-term contracts, we also consider the anticipated scope of the contract and information received from the customer during the procurement process and, where applicable, other ancillary information. A significant majority of our backlog comprises services under master service agreements and other long-term contracts.
Generally, our customers are not contractually committed to procure specific volumes of services. Contract revenue estimates reflected in our backlog can be subject to change due to a number of factors, including contract cancellations or changes in the amount of work we expect to be performed. In addition, contract revenues reflected in our backlog may be realized in different periods from those previously anticipated due to these factors as well as project accelerations, delays or cancellations due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, changes in customer spending priorities, regulatory interruptions, scheduling changes, commercial issues such as permitting, engineering revisions, job site conditions, and adverse weather. The amount or timing of our backlog can also be impacted by the merger or acquisition activity of our customers. Many of our contracts may be cancelled by our customers, or work previously awarded to us pursuant to these contracts may be cancelled, regardless of whether or not we are in default. The amount of backlog related to uncompleted projects in which a provision for estimated losses was recorded is not material.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Our primary exposure to market risk relates to unfavorable changes in interest rates on our fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. Fluctuations in interest rates impact the fair value of our fixed-rate debt and interest expense on our variable-rate debt. At October 28, 2023, 50% of our debt, on a gross basis, incurred interest at a fixed-rate and the remaining 50% of the debt incurred interest at a variable-rate.
On April 1, 2021, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% senior notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The 2029 Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by all of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the Credit Agreement. The fair value of the fixed rate 2029 Notes will change with changes in market interest rates. Generally, the fair value of the fixed rate 2029 Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of the 2029 Notes, net of debt issuance costs. The fair value of the 2029 Notes is based on the closing trading price per $100 of the 2029 Notes as of the last day of trading (Level 2), which was $85.74 and $97.50 as of October 28, 2023 and January 28, 2023, respectively (dollars in thousands):

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Principal amount of 2029 Notes | $ | 500,000 |  |  | $ | 500,000 |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (5,049) |  |  | (5,736) |
Net carrying amount of 2029 Notes | $ | 494,951 |  |  | $ | 494,264 |

| October 28, 2023 |  | January 28, 2023
Fair value of principal amount of 2029 Notes | $ | 428,700 |  |  | $ | 451,250 |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (5,049) |  |  | (5,736) |
Fair value of 2029 Notes | $ | 423,651 |  |  | $ | 445,514 |

A hypothetical 50 basis point change in the market interest rates in effect would result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the 2029 Notes of approximately $11.8 million, calculated on a discounted cash flow basis as of October 28, 2023.
Our Credit Agreement permits borrowings at a variable rate of interest. On October 28, 2023, we had variable rate debt outstanding of $154.0 million of revolver borrowings and $319.4 million of term loan borrowings under our Credit Agreement. Interest related to these borrowings fluctuates based on SOFR or the Base rate. The Base rate is described in the Credit Agreement as the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the administrative agent's prime rate, and (iii) the
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Eurodollar rate plus 1.00% and, if such rate is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed zero. At the current level of borrowings, for every 50 basis point change in the interest rate, interest expense associated with such borrowings would correspondingly change by approximately $2.4 million annually.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of October 28, 2023, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of
October 28, 2023, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that allows timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The SEC’s general guidance permits the exclusion of an assessment of the effectiveness of a registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as they relate to its internal control over financial reporting for an acquired business during the first year following such acquisition if, among other circumstances and factors, there is not adequate time between the acquisition date and the date of assessment. As previously noted in this Form 10-Q, we acquired Bigham on August 18. 2023. This acquisition represents approximately 5.8% of our total assets as of October 28, 2023 and 1.4% of our total contract revenues for the nine months ended October 28, 2023. See Note 5, Acquisitions, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the acquisition. Management’s assessment and conclusion on the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of October 28, 2023 excludes an assessment of internal control over financial reporting of Bigham.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our business is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties. These risks are described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023. The risks identified in such reports have not changed in any material respect.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) During the three months ended October 28, 2023, the Company did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) The following table summarizes the Company’s purchase of its common stock during the three months ended
October 28, 2023:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 30, 2023 - August 26, 2023 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | (2)
August 27, 2023 - September 23, 2023 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | (2)
September 24, 2023 - October 28, 2023 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  | (2)

(1) All shares repurchased have been subsequently canceled.
(2) Repurchases of Common Stock. On August 23, 2023 the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a $150 million program to repurchase shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock through February 2025 in open market or private transactions. During the three months ended October 28, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its own common stock. As of October 28, 2023, $150.0 million of the authorization was available for repurchases.
Item 5. Other Information.
Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements by our Directors and Officers
During the three months ended October 28, 2023, our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) did not adopt, terminate or modify Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
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Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibits furnished pursuant to the requirements of Form 10-Q:

Exhibit Number
31.1 + | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 + | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 ++ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 ++ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 + | The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 28, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 + | The cover page from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 28, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101)
+ | Filed herewith
++ | Furnished herewith
* | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | DYCOM INDUSTRIES, INC.
|  |  | Registrant
Date: | November 22, 2023 |  | /s/ Steven E. Nielsen
|  |  | Name: Title: | Steven E. Nielsen President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: | November 22, 2023 |  | /s/ H. Andrew DeFerrari
|  |  | Name: Title: | H. Andrew DeFerrari Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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