10-Q 1 strl_93017x10qdocument.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one)
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2017
Or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from___ to ___
Commission file number 1-31993
STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE | 25-1655321
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1800 Hughes Landing Blvd. The Woodlands, Texas | 77380
(Address of principal executive office) | (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (281) 214-0800
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed from last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
[√] Yes [ ] No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
[√] Yes [ ] No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | [ ] | Accelerated filer | [√]
Non-accelerated filer | [ ] | Smaller reporting company | [ ]
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Emerging growth company | [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). [ ] Yes [√] No
At October 27, 2017, there were 27,051,143 shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 30
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 32
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 32
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 32
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities | 32
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 32
Item 5. Other Information | 32
Item 6. Exhibits | 33
SIGNATURES | 35

2

PART I
Item 1. Financial Statements
STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 66,541 |  |  | $ | 42,785 |
Contracts receivable, including retainage |  | 149,052 |  |  | 84,132 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |  | 43,384 |  |  | 32,705 |
Inventories |  | 2,093 |  |  | 3,708 |
Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures |  | 9,069 |  |  | 7,130 |
Other current assets |  | 9,654 |  |  | 5,448 |
Total current assets |  | 279,793 |  |  | 175,908 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 59,464 |  |  | 68,127 |
Goodwill |  | 85,277 |  |  | 54,820 |
Intangibles |  | 45,200 |  |  | — |
Other assets, net |  | 3,301 |  |  | 2,968 |
Total assets |  | $ | 473,035 |  |  | $ | 301,823 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 100,565 |  |  | $ | 67,097 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |  | 63,368 |  |  | 64,100 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | 986 |  |  | 3,845 |
Income taxes payable |  | 280 |  |  | 78 |
Accrued compensation |  | 14,566 |  |  | 5,322 |
Other current liabilities |  | 15,188 |  |  | 6,150 |
Total current liabilities |  | 194,953 |  |  | 146,592 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities |  | 88,619 |  |  | 1,549 |
Members' interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings |  | 46,329 |  |  | 45,230 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 595 |  |  | 362 |
Total long-term liabilities |  | 135,543 |  |  | 47,141 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Sterling stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 38,000,000 shares authorized, 27,023,143 and 24,987,306 shares issued |  | 270 |  |  | 250 |
Additional paid in capital |  | 231,848 |  |  | 208,922 |
Retained deficit |  | (93,201 | ) |  | (101,738 | )
Total Sterling common stockholders’ equity |  | 138,917 |  |  | 107,434 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 3,622 |  |  | 656 |
Total equity |  | 142,539 |  |  | 108,090 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 473,035 |  |  | $ | 301,823 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenues |  | $ | 304,219 |  |  | $ | 205,629 |  |  | $ | 704,047 |  |  | $ | 521,778 |
Cost of revenues |  | (273,588 | ) |  | (189,007 | ) |  | (638,924 | ) |  | (486,065 | )
Gross profit |  | 30,631 |  |  | 16,622 |  |  | 65,123 |  |  | 35,713 |
General and administrative expenses |  | (13,129 | ) |  | (9,146 | ) |  | (36,545 | ) |  | (27,888 | )
Other operating expense, net |  | (4,863 | ) |  | (3,804 | ) |  | (9,371 | ) |  | (7,238 | )
Operating income |  | 12,639 |  |  | 3,672 |  |  | 19,207 |  |  | 587 |
Interest income |  | 107 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 19 |
Interest expense |  | (3,576 | ) |  | (491 | ) |  | (6,672 | ) |  | (2,176 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (755 | ) |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 9,170 |  |  | 3,196 |  |  | 11,972 |  |  | (1,570 | )
Income tax expense |  | (344 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | (469 | ) |  | (68 | )
Net income (loss) |  | 8,826 |  |  | 3,155 |  |  | 11,503 |  |  | (1,638 | )
Noncontrolling owners’ interests in earnings of subsidiaries and joint ventures |  | (1,694 | ) |  | (740 | ) |  | (2,966 | ) |  | (1,252 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders |  | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 2,415 |  |  | $ | 8,537 |  |  | $ | (2,890 | )
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in computing per share amounts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 26,486 |  |  | 25,003 |  |  | 25,787 |  |  | 23,915 |
Diluted |  | 26,920 |  |  | 25,365 |  |  | 26,260 |  |  | 23,915 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. STOCKHOLDERS |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid in |  | Retained |  | Noncon-trolling |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Interests |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2017 |  | 24,987 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 208,922 |  |  | $ | (101,738 | ) |  | $ | 656 |  |  | $ | 108,090 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,537 |  |  | 2,966 |  |  | 11,503 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 154 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,533 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,534 |
Stock issued for Tealstone acquisition |  | 1,882 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 17,042 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,061 |
Warrants issued to lenders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,500 |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (149 | )
Balance at September 30, 2017 |  | 27,023 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 231,848 |  |  | $ | (93,201 | ) |  | $ | 3,622 |  |  | $ | 142,539 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders |  | $ | 8,537 |  |  | (2,890 | )
Plus: Noncontrolling owners’ interests in earnings of subsidiaries and joint ventures |  | 2,966 |  |  | 1,252 |
Net income (loss) |  | 11,503 |  |  | (1,638 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 13,140 |  |  | 12,097 |
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment |  | 204 |  |  | (255 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 2,534 |  |  | 1,211 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts receivable |  | (45,044 | ) |  | (23,303 | )
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |  | (7,735 | ) |  | (5,084 | )
Inventories |  | 2,833 |  |  | (1,465 | )
Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures |  | (1,939 | ) |  | 3,461 |
Other assets |  | (4,487 | ) |  | (1,246 | )
Accounts payable |  | 16,687 |  |  | 17,902 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |  | (1,035 | ) |  | 31,340 |
Accrued compensation and other liabilities |  | 5,289 |  |  | 6,662 |
Members' interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings |  | 1,099 |  |  | (3,972 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  | (6,951 | ) |  | 35,710 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Tealstsone acquisition, net of cash acquired |  | (54,861 | ) |  | — |
Additions to property and equipment |  | (8,305 | ) |  | (8,852 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  | 5,830 |  |  | 2,187 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (57,336 | ) |  | (6,665 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash received–term loan |  | 85,000 |  |  | — |
Cumulative repayments – equipment-based term loan and other |  | (4,449 | ) |  | (9,546 | )
Cumulative drawdowns – equipment-based revolver |  | — |  |  | 19,000 |
Cumulative repayments – equipment-based revolver |  | — |  |  | (19,000 | )
Net proceeds from stock issued |  | — |  |  | 19,142 |
Debt issuance costs |  | 6,889 |  |  | — |
Loss on debt extinguishment |  | 755 |  |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owners |  | — |  |  | — |
Other |  | (152 | ) |  | (46 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 88,043 |  |  | 9,550 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 23,756 |  |  | 38,595 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 42,785 |  |  | 4,426 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 66,541 |  |  | $ | 43,021 |

6

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for interest |  | $ | 6,139 |  |  | $ | 2,426 |
Cash paid during the period for income taxes |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Non-cash items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Share consideration given for Tealstone acquisition (1,882,058 shares) |  | $ | 17,061 |  |  | $ | — |
Notes and deferred payments to sellers |  | $ | 11,588 |  |  | $ | — |
Warrants issued to lenders (1,000,000 Warrants) |  | $ | 3,500 |  |  | $ | — |
Transportation and construction equipment acquired through financing arrangements |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 735 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. | Business Summary and Significant Accounting Policies

Business Summary
Sterling Construction Company, Inc. (“Sterling” or “the Company”), a Delaware corporation, is a leading heavy civil construction company that specializes in the building and reconstruction of transportation infrastructure, water infrastructure, and residential and commercial concrete projects in Texas, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, California, Hawaii and other states in which there are construction opportunities. Its heavy civil construction projects include highways, roads, bridges, airfields, ports, light rail, water, wastewater and storm drainage systems, multi-family homes, commercial projects and parking structures. Its residential construction projects include concrete foundations for single-family homes.
Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Sterling, without audit, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (“2016 Form 10-K”). Certain information and note disclosures prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been either condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2017 and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The December 31, 2016 condensed consolidated balance sheet data herein was derived from audited financial statements, but as discussed above, does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Interim results may be subject to significant seasonal variations and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year or subsequent quarters.
On April 3, 2017, the Company consummated the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of Tealstone Residential Concrete, Inc. and Tealstone Commercial, Inc. (collectively, “Tealstone”) and entered into a Loan and Security Agreement providing for a term loan of $85,000,000 with a maturity date of April 4, 2022, which replaced the then existing debt facility. We have determined that with the acquisition of Tealstone there are two reportable segments: heavy civil construction and residential construction. Refer to Note 13 for a discussion of reportable segments and related financial information.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Form 10-K. These accounting policies include, but are not limited to, those related to:

• | revenue recognition

• | contracts receivable, including retainage

• | valuation of property and equipment, goodwill and other long-lived assets

• | income taxes

• | segment reporting

There have been no material changes to significant accounting policies since December 31, 2016.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of subsidiaries and construction joint ventures in which the Company has a greater than 50% ownership interest or otherwise controls such entities. For investments in subsidiaries and construction joint ventures that are not wholly-owned, but where the Company exercises control, the equity held by the remaining owners and their portions of net income (loss) are reflected in the balance sheet line item “Noncontrolling interests” in “Equity” and the statement of operations line item “Noncontrolling owners’ interests in earnings of subsidiaries and joint ventures,” respectively. For investments in subsidiaries that are not wholly-owned, but where the Company exercises control and where the Company has a mandatorily redeemable interest, the equity held by the remaining owners and their portion of net income (loss) is reflected in the balance sheet line item “Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings” and the statement of operations line item “Other operating expense, net,” respectively. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For all years presented, the Company had no subsidiaries where its ownership interests were less than 50%. Refer to Note 4 for further information regarding the Company’s Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures with Noncontrolling Owners’ Interest.
8

Where the Company is a noncontrolling joint venture partner, and otherwise not required to consolidate the joint venture entity, its share of the operations of such construction joint venture is accounted for on a pro rata basis in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and as a single line item (“Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures”) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. This method is an acceptable modification of the equity method of accounting which is a common practice in the construction industry. Refer to Note 5 for further information regarding the Company’s construction joint ventures.
Under GAAP, the Company must determine whether each entity, including joint ventures in which it participates, is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). This determination focuses on identifying which owner or joint venture partner, if any, has the power to direct the activities of the entity and the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity disproportionate to its interest in the entity, which could have the effect of requiring the Company to consolidate the entity in which it has a noncontrolling variable interest. Refer to Note 6 for further information regarding the Company’s consolidated VIE.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Certain of the Company’s accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. These include the recognition of revenue and earnings from construction contracts under the percentage-of-completion method, the valuation of long-term assets, purchase accounting, including intangibles and goodwill, and income taxes. Management continually evaluates all of its estimates and judgments based on available information and experience; however, actual results could differ from these estimates.
Reclassification
Reclassifications have been made to historical financial data on our condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to our current year presentation.
Revenue Recognition
Heavy Civil Construction
The Company engages in various types of heavy civil construction projects principally for public (government) owners. Credit risk is minimal with public owners since the Company ascertains that funds have been appropriated by the governmental project owner prior to commencing work on such projects. While most public contracts are subject to termination at the election of the government entity, in the event of termination the Company is entitled to receive the contract price for completed work and reimbursement of termination-related costs. Credit risk with private owners is minimized because of statutory mechanic’s liens, which give the Company high priority in the event of lien foreclosures following financial difficulties of private owners.
Our contracts generally take 12 to 36 months to complete. The Company generally provides a one to two-year warranty for workmanship under its contracts when completed. Warranty claims historically have been insignificant.
Revenues are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the ratio of costs incurred up to a given date to estimated total costs for each contract. This cost to cost measure is used because management considers it to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts. Contract costs include all direct material, labor, subcontract and other costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect salaries and wages, equipment repairs and depreciation, insurance and payroll taxes. Administrative and general expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those changes arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined.
Changes in estimated revenues and gross margin resulted in a net gain of $1.3 million and $0.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, included in “operating income” on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Changes in estimated revenues and gross margin resulted in a net charge of $0.6 million and $1.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, included in “operating income” on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Change orders are modifications of an original contract that effectively change the existing provisions of the contract without adding new provisions or terms. Change orders may include changes in specifications or designs, manner of performance, facilities, equipment, materials, sites and period of completion of the work. Either we or our customers may initiate change orders.
The Company considers unapproved change orders to be contract variations for which we have customer approval for a change of scope but a price change associated with the scope change has not yet been agreed upon. Costs associated with unapproved change orders are included in the estimated costs to complete the contracts and are treated as project costs as incurred. The Company recognizes revenue equal to costs incurred on unapproved change orders when realization of price approval is probable. Unapproved change orders involve the use of estimates, and it is reasonably possible that revisions to the estimated costs and recoverable
9

amounts may be required in future reporting periods to reflect changes in estimates or final agreements with customers. Change orders that are unapproved as to both price and scope are evaluated as claims.
The Company considers claims to be amounts in excess of agreed contract prices that we seek to collect from our customers or others for customer-caused delays, errors in specifications and designs, contract terminations, change orders that are either in dispute or are unapproved as to both scope and price, or other causes of unanticipated additional contract costs. Claims are included in the calculation of revenue when realization is probable and amounts can be reliably determined to the extent costs are incurred. To support these requirements, the existence of the following items must be satisfied: (i) The contract or other evidence provides a legal basis for the claim; or a legal opinion has been obtained, stating that under the circumstances there is a reasonable basis to support the claim; (ii) Additional costs are caused by circumstances that were unforeseen at the contract date and are not the result of deficiencies in the contractor’s performance; (iii) Costs associated with the claim are identifiable or otherwise determinable and are reasonable in view of the work performed; and (iv) The evidence supporting the claim is objective and verifiable, not based on management’s feel for the situation or on unsupported representations. Revenue in excess of contract costs incurred on claims is recognized when an agreement is reached with customers as to the value of the claims, which in some instances may not occur until after completion of work under the contract. Costs associated with claims are included in the estimated costs to complete the contracts and are treated as project costs when incurred.
The Company has projects where we are in the process of negotiating, or awaiting final approval of, unapproved change orders and claims with our customers. The Company is proceeding with its contractual rights to recoup additional costs incurred from its customers based on completing work associated with change orders, including change orders with pending change order pricing, or claims related to significant changes in scope which resulted in substantial delays and additional costs in completing the work. Unapproved change order and claim information has been provided to our customers and negotiations with the customers are ongoing. If additional progress with an acceptable resolution is not reached, legal action will be taken.
Based upon our review of the provisions of our contracts, specific costs incurred and other related evidence supporting the unapproved change orders, claims and our entitled unpaid project price, together in some cases as necessary with the views of the Company’s outside claim consultants, we concluded that including the unapproved change order, claim and entitled unpaid project price amounts of $0.3 million, $10.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively, at September 30, 2017, and $2.2 million, $9.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2016, in “Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets was in accordance with GAAP. We expect these matters will be resolved without a material adverse effect on our financial statements. However, unapproved change order and claim amounts are subject to negotiations which may cause actual results to differ materially from estimated and recorded amounts.
Residential Construction
Residential construction revenue and related profit are recognized when construction on the concrete foundation unit is completed. The time from starting construction to finishing is typically one month or less.
Financial Instruments and Fair Value
The fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The Company’s financial instruments are cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash used as collateral for a letter of credit and restricted cash maintained in an escrow account, contracts receivable, accounts payable, notes payable, and a term loan (the “Loan”) with Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.
The recorded values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, contracts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values based on their liquidity and/or short-term nature.
Refer to Note 8 regarding the fair value of the Loan and notes payable. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet financial instruments other than operating leases (refer to Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Form 10-K).
In order to assess the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, the Company uses the fair value hierarchy established by GAAP which prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into the following three levels:
Level 1 Inputs – Based upon quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 Inputs – Based upon quoted prices (other than Level 1) in active markets for similar assets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities and default rates and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 Inputs – Based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset based on the best information available.
10

For each financial instrument, the Company uses the highest priority level input that is available in order to appropriately value that particular instrument. In certain instances, Level 1 inputs are not available and the Company must use Level 2 or Level 3 inputs. In these cases, the Company provides a description of the valuation techniques used and the inputs used in the fair value measurement.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance in Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-4 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other” (Topic 350) which simplifies and eliminates step 2 of the current two step goodwill impairment test. This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company early adopted this ASU on January 1, 2017. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance in ASU No. 2017-9 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance to assist entities with evaluating which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendments in this update provide certain thresholds that must be met in order to determine when an entity should account for the effects of a modification. This guidance is effective for all entities for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt this guidance as required and does not expect a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance in ASU No. 2017-1 “Business Combinations” (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which adds guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments in this update provide a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities is not a business, provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present and narrow the definition of the term output to be consistent with Topic 606. This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 including interim periods within those periods. The Company expects to adopt this guidance as required and does not expect a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance in ASU No. 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows” (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in this Update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company expects to adopt this guidance as required and does not expect a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements other than to the presentation of restricted cash on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance in ASU No. 2016-15 (Topic 230): “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This update addresses specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company expects to adopt this guidance as required and does not expect a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued its new lease accounting guidance in ASU No. 2016-2, “Leases” (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Under the new guidance, an entity is required to perform the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-9 by one year. As a result, the amendments in ASU 2014-9 are
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effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Additional ASUs have been issued that are part of the overall new revenue guidance, including: ASU No. 2016-8, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU No. 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” and ASU 2016-12, “Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.”
The new revenue recognition standard prescribes a five-step model that focuses on transfer of control and entitlement to payment when determining the amount of revenue to be recognized. The new model requires companies to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time for each of these obligations. We expect that revenue generated from our fixed unit price contracts, which represent a significant portion of our total contracts, will continue to be recognized over time utilizing the cost-to-cost measure of progress consistent with our current practice. Therefore, we do not expect a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements related to fixed unit price contracts. We also expect our revenue recognition disclosures to significantly expand due to the new qualitative and quantitative requirements under the new standard. The Company is currently determining the impact of the new standard on our lump-sum, cost-plus and other than fixed unit price contracts. Although, our assessment has not yet been finalized as of September 30, 2017, our contract review has not identified any significant changes that would materially affect the Company's consolidated financial statements. Because the standards will impact our business processes, systems and controls, the Company has developed a comprehensive change management project plan to guide the implementation. We will adopt the requirements of the new standard effective January 1, 2018 and intend to use the modified retrospective adoption approach.

2. | Tealstone Acquisition

General
On April 3, 2017, the Company consummated the acquisition (the “Tealstone Acquisition”) of 100% of the outstanding stock of Tealstone Residential Concrete, Inc. and Tealstone Commercial, Inc. (collectively, “Tealstone”) from the stockholders thereof (the “Sellers”) for consideration consisting of $55,000,000 in cash, 1,882,058 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Placement Shares”), and $5,000,000 of promissory notes issued to the Sellers. In addition, the Company will make $2,426,000 and $7,500,000 of deferred cash payments on the second and third anniversaries of the closing date, respectively, and up to an aggregate of $15,000,000 in earn-out payments may be made on the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the closing date to continuing Tealstone management or their affiliates if specified financial performance levels are achieved. Tealstone focuses on concrete construction of residential foundations, parking structures, elevated slabs and other concrete work for leading homebuilders, multi-family developers and general contractors in both residential and commercial markets. This acquisition enables expansion into adjacent markets and diversification of revenue streams and customer base with higher margin work.
The preliminary acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred totaled $83.7 million, which consisted of the following:
Fair value of consideration transferred (amounts in thousands):

Cash | $ | 55,000 |
Common stock (1,882,058 shares) | 17,061 |
Promissory notes | 4,436 |
Deferred payments | 7,153 |
Total | $ | 83,650 |

The fair value of the 1,882,058 common shares issued was determined based on the average market price of the Company’s common shares on the acquisition date.
The promissory notes and deferred payments have been discounted using a preliminary 12% fair value discount rate. The earn-out arrangement requires the Company to pay up to an aggregate of $15,000,000 in earn-out payments on the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the closing date to continuing Tealstone management or their affiliates if specified financial performance levels are achieved. The Company’s preliminary analysis indicates that the compensation is tied to the continuing employment of certain key employees and executives of Tealstone and will be treated as additional compensation and not as additional contingent consideration.
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Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The aggregate purchase price noted above was allocated to the major categories of assets and liabilities acquired based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition closing date, which were based, in part, upon outside preliminary appraisals for certain assets, including specifically-identified intangible assets. The excess of the purchase price over the preliminary estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired totaling $30.5 million, was recorded as goodwill.
The following table summarizes our preliminary goodwill addition (in thousands):

Balance at January 1, 2017 | $ | 54,820 |
Additional goodwill related to acquisition | 30,457 |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 85,277 |

Goodwill decreased from June 30, 2017 by $5.7 million as a result of an increase in our identified intangible assets of $6.6 million, offset by a working capital adjustment of $0.9 million.
The following table summarizes our preliminary purchase price allocation at the acquisition closing date (in thousands):

Cash | $ | 139 |
Accounts receivable | 19,876 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts | 2,944 |
Inventory | 1,218 |
Other current assets | 54 |
Property, plant and equipment | 565 |
Other assets, net | 1 |
Identifiable intangible assets and Goodwill | 77,028 |
Accounts payable | (16,781 | )
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts | (303 | )
Accrued expenses | (823 | )
State income tax payable | (268 | )
Total Consideration | $ | 83,650 |

The purchase price allocation and related amortization periods are based upon preliminary information and are subject to change when additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations is obtained. We have not completed our final assessment of the fair value of purchased intangible assets, property and equipment, inventory, tax balances, contingent liabilities, long-term leases or acquired contracts. Our final purchase price allocation may result in adjustments to certain assets and liabilities, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill. Based on our preliminary appraisal report, we have assigned an asset value of $46.6 million for identified intangible assets and have amortized $0.9 million and $1.4 million, which is included in general and administrative expenses on our statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. We believe that a majority of the intangible amount will be allocated to customer relationships. A 10% change in the valuation of intangible assets would cause a corresponding increase or decrease in the balance of goodwill and annual amortization expense of approximately $4.7 million and $0.3 million respectively.
Supplemental Pro Forma Information (Unaudited)
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information (“the pro forma financial information”) gives effect to the acquisition of Tealstone by Sterling, accounted for as a business combination using the purchase method of accounting. To give effect to the Tealstone Acquisition for pro forma financial information purposes, Tealstone’s commercial historical results were brought to within one month of Sterling’s interim results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017, and included the three and nine months ended August 31, 2017, respectively. The pro forma financial information reflects the Tealstone Acquisition and related events as if they occurred at the beginning of the period, and gives effect to pro forma events that are: directly attributable to the acquisition, factually supportable, and expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results of Sterling and Tealstone following the acquisition. The pro forma financial information includes adjustments to: (1) exclude transaction costs that were included in Sterling’s and Tealstone’s historical results and are expected to be non-recurring; (2) include additional intangibles amortization and net interest expense associated with the Tealstone Acquisition; and (3) include the pro forma results of Tealstone for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017. This pro forma financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have been achieved had the pro forma events taken place on the dates indicated. Further, the pro forma financial information does not purport
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to project the future operating results of the combined company following the Tealstone Acquisition. The pro forma consists of the following (amounts in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Pro forma revenue |  | $ | 304,219 |  |  | $ | 255,002 |  |  | $ | 749,176 |  |  | $ | 657,773 |
Pro forma net income attributable to Sterling |  | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 4,659 |  |  | $ | 8,848 |  |  | $ | 7,705 |

3. | Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash balances held by our wholly-owned and less than wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority-owned joint ventures, as well as the Company’s VIE. Refer to Note 6 for more information regarding the Company’s consolidated VIE. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents included $15.1 million and $24.1 million, respectively, belonging to our less than wholly-owned subsidiaries. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents included $20.7 million and $10.9 million, respectively, belonging to majority-owned construction joint ventures. Joint venture cash balances are limited to joint venture activities and are not available for other projects, general cash needs or distribution to us without approval of the board of directors, or equivalent body, of the respective joint ventures.
Restricted cash of approximately $3.0 million is included in “other assets, net” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and represents cash deposited by the Company into a separate account and designated as collateral for a standby letter of credit in the same amount in accordance with contractual agreements. Refer to Note 9 for more information about our standby letter of credit. In addition, restricted cash of approximately $2.0 million is included in “other current assets” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and represents cash deposited by a customer, for the benefit of the Company, in an escrow account which is restricted until the customer releases the restriction upon the completion of the job.
The Company holds cash on deposit in U.S. banks, at times, in excess of federally insured limits. Management does not believe that the risk associated with keeping cash deposits in excess of federal deposit insurance limits represents a material risk.

4. | Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures with Noncontrolling Owners’ Interests

The amended agreements, as described in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Form 10-K, resulted in an obligation to purchase Mr. Buenting’s and Mr. Myers’ 50% members’ interest that the Company is certain to incur, either because of Mr. Buenting’s or Mr. Myers’ death; therefore, the Company has classified the noncontrolling interest as mandatorily redeemable and has recorded a liability in “Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, all undistributed earnings at the time of the noncontrolling owners' death or permanent total disability are also mandatorily payable. In the event of either Mr. Buenting’s or Mr. Myers’ death, the Company has purchased death and permanent total disability insurance of $40.0 million to mitigate the Company’s cash draw if such events were to occur. The liability consists of the following (amounts in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption |  | $ | 40,000 |  |  | $ | 40,000 |
Net accumulated earnings |  | 6,329 |  |  | 5,230 |
Total liability |  | $ | 46,329 |  |  | $ | 45,230 |

Earnings, which were included in net accumulated earnings and represent 50% of total earnings, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $4.5 million and $7.0 million, respectively, and were $3.4 million and $7.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. These amounts were included in “other operating expense, net” on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
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Changes in Noncontrolling Interests
The following table summarizes the changes in the noncontrolling owners’ interests in subsidiaries and construction joint ventures (amounts in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 656 |  |  | $ | (91 | )
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest included in equity |  | 2,966 |  |  | 1,252 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest owners |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 3,622 |  |  | $ | 1,161 |

The increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interest included in equity is due to the Company’s addition of a Rocky Mountain region majority-owned construction joint venture which was not ongoing during the same prior year period.

5. | Construction Joint Ventures

The Company participates in various construction joint ventures. Generally, each construction joint venture is formed to construct a specific project and is jointly controlled by the joint venture partners. Refer to Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Form 10-K for further information about our joint ventures. Condensed combined financial amounts of joint ventures in which the Company has a noncontrolling interest and the Company’s share of such amounts which are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are shown below (amounts in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Total combined: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  | $ | 42,129 |  |  | $ | 32,592 |
Less current liabilities |  | (61,079 | ) |  | (57,598 | )
Net liabilities |  | $ | (18,950 | ) |  | $ | (25,006 | )
Backlog |  | $ | 51,110 |  |  | $ | 107,333 |
Sterling’s noncontrolling interest in backlog |  | $ | 26,659 |  |  | $ | 52,992 |
Sterling’s receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures |  | $ | 9,069 |  |  | $ | 7,130 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Total combined: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 27,703 |  |  | $ | 15,520 |  |  | $ | 61,210 |  |  | $ | 44,074 |
Income before tax |  | (6,281 | ) |  | 1,925 |  |  | (3,611 | ) |  | 3,838 |
Sterling’s noncontrolling interest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 13,664 |  |  | $ | 6,103 |  |  | $ | 28,826 |  |  | $ | 17,567 |
Income before tax |  | (1,629 | ) |  | 519 |  |  | (358 | ) |  | 1,370 |

Approximately $26.7 million of the Company’s backlog at September 30, 2017 was attributable to projects performed by joint ventures. The majority of this amount is attributable to the Company’s joint venture with Steve P. Rados, Inc., where the Company has a 50% interest.
The caption “Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures” includes undistributed earnings and receivables owed to the Company. Undistributed earnings are typically released to the joint venture partners after the customer accepts the project as complete and the warranty period, if any, has passed.
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6. | Variable Interest Entities

The Company owns a 50% interest in Myers & Sons Construction, L.P. (“Myers”), of which it is the primary beneficiary and has consolidated Myers into the Company’s financial statements. Because the Company exercises primary control over activities of the partnership and it is exposed to the majority of potential losses of the partnership, the Company has consolidated Myers within the Company’s financial statements since August 1, 2011, the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2016 Form 10-K for additional information on the acquisition of this limited partnership.
The condensed financial information of Myers, which is reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations, is as follows (amounts in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,588 |  |  | $ | 9,655 |
Contracts receivable, including retainage |  | 30,134 |  |  | 15,046 |
Other current assets |  | 13,936 |  |  | 10,208 |
Total current assets |  | 46,658 |  |  | 34,909 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 8,996 |  |  | 9,824 |
Goodwill |  | 1,501 |  |  | 1,501 |
Total assets |  | $ | 57,155 |  |  | $ | 46,234 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 27,109 |  |  | $ | 21,274 |
Other current liabilities |  | 14,667 |  |  | 8,782 |
Total current liabilities |  | 41,776 |  |  | 30,056 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 271 |  |  | 5,373 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 42,047 |  |  | $ | 35,429 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenues |  | $ | 64,266 |  |  | $ | 50,739 |  |  | $ | 126,333 |  |  | $ | 121,649 |
Operating income |  | 3,666 |  |  | 2,720 |  |  | 6,307 |  |  | 4,894 |
Net income |  | 1,834 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | 3,149 |  |  | 2,440 |

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7. | Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are summarized as follows (amounts in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Construction equipment |  | $ | 121,364 |  |  | $ | 121,441 |
Transportation equipment |  | 18,275 |  |  | 19,017 |
Buildings |  | 9,547 |  |  | 12,771 |
Office equipment |  | 3,339 |  |  | 3,108 |
Leasehold improvement |  | 914 |  |  | 914 |
Construction in progress |  | 1,432 |  |  | 313 |
Land |  | 2,348 |  |  | 3,509 |
Water rights |  | 200 |  |  | 200 |
|  | 157,419 |  |  | 161,273 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | (97,955 | ) |  | (93,146 | )
Total property and equipment, net |  | $ | 59,464 |  |  | $ | 68,127 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold one of our Texas subsidiary’s office, equipment shop and yard facilities, located in Texas. The property had a net book value of $4.1 million, and we received $3.0 million, after selling costs. As such, we recorded a loss of approximately $1.1 million in “other operating expense, net” for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

8. | Debt

Debt consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Loan |  | $ | 85,000 |  |  | $ | 3,532 |
Less deferred loan costs and discount |  | (9,350 | ) |  | (803 | )
Total Loan, net |  | 75,650 |  |  | 2,729 |
Notes and deferred payments to sellers, Tealstone acquisition |  | 12,118 |  |  | — |
Notes payable for transportation and construction equipment and other |  | 1,837 |  |  | 2,665 |
|  | 89,605 |  |  | 5,394 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | 986 |  |  | 4,648 |
Less current deferred loan costs |  | — |  |  | (803 | )
Less current maturities of long-term debt, net |  | (986 | ) |  | (3,845 | )
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 88,619 |  |  | $ | 1,549 |

On April 3, 2017, the Company, as borrower, and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “Loan Agreement”), providing for a term loan of $85,000,000 (the “Loan”) with a maturity date of April 4, 2022, which replaced the then existing debt facility. The Loan is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Interest on the Loan is equal to the one-, two-, three- or six-month London interbank rate, or LIBOR, plus 8.75% per annum on the unpaid principal amount of the Loan, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. Interest on the Loan is generally payable monthly. There are no amortized principal payments; however, the Company is required to prepay the Loan, and in certain cases pay a prepayment premium thereon, with proceeds received from the issuances of debt or equity, transfers, events of loss
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and extraordinary receipts. The Company is required to make an offer quarterly to the lenders to prepay the Loan in an amount equal to 75% of its excess cash flow, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a prepayment premium.
The Loan Agreement contains various covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to incur certain indebtedness, grant certain liens, merge or consolidate, sell assets, make certain loans, enter into acquisitions, incur capital expenditures, make investments, and pay dividends. In addition, the Company is required to maintain the following principal financial covenants:

• | a ratio of secured indebtedness to EBITDA of not more than 3.10 to 1.00 for four consecutive quarters, reducing to 1.80 to 1.00 by the four consecutive quarters ending September 30, 2019;

• | daily cash collateral of not less $15,000,000, potentially further increasing to $18,000,000 beginning on April 4, 2018;

• | a rolling four quarter gross margin in contract backlog of not less than $60,000,000, increasing to $70,000,000 by March 31, 2019;

• | the incurrence of net capital expenditures during each four consecutive fiscal quarters shall not exceed $15,000,000;

• | bonding capacity shall be maintained at all times in an amount not less than $1,000,000,000; and

• | the EBITDA of Tealstone Residential Concrete, Inc. shall not be less than $12,000,000 during each four consecutive fiscal quarters.

The Company is in compliance with these covenants at September 30, 2017.
The Loan Agreement also includes customary events of default, including events of default relating to non-payment of principal or interest, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, breaches of covenants, cross-defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency events, certain unsatisfied judgments, loan documents not being valid, calls under the Company’s bonds, failure of specified individuals to remain employed by the Company, and a change of control. If an event of default occurs, the lenders will be able to accelerate the maturity of the Loan Agreement and exercise other rights and remedies.
Deferred loan costs and discounts totaled $10.4 million, which included attorney fees, investment bank fees as well as amounts paid to the lenders and which were discounted from the loan amount. Warrants valued at $3.5 million were included as well. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the warrants. The total amount will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the five-year life of the Loan. Amortization expense of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively has been included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
As part of the extinguishment of our prior credit facility, $0.8 million in debt extinguishment costs was expensed and included as a “loss on extinguishment of debt” on our statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Fair Value
The Company’s debt is recorded at its carrying amount in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying values of our debt outstanding approximated the fair values and were $85.0 million and $3.5 million, respectively for the Loan. There was no revolver as of September 30, 2017 and no amounts outstanding on the prior revolver as of December 31, 2016.
Notes and Deferred Payments to Sellers
As part of the Tealstone Acquisition, the Company issued $5,000,000 of promissory notes to the sellers and agreed to make $2,426,000 and $7,500,000 of deferred cash payments on the second and third anniversaries of the closing date, respectively. Based on a preliminary 12% discount rate, the Company recorded $11.6 million as notes and deferred payments to sellers in long-term debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at the acquisition closing date. Accreted interest for the period was $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and was recorded as interest expense.
Notes Payable for Transportation and Construction Equipment
The Company has purchased and financed various transportation and construction equipment to enhance the Company’s fleet of equipment. The total long-term notes payable related to the purchase of financed equipment was $1.8 million and $2.7 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The purchases have payment terms ranging from 3 to 5 years and the associated interest rates range from 3.15% to 6.92% The fair value of these notes payable approximates their book value.
Interest Expense
Interest expense related to our Loan and prior credit facility and other debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $3.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively, and $0.5 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The increase in interest cost for both periods is due to our new Loan that has a higher amount of principal outstanding.
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9. | Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is required by our former insurance provider to obtain and hold a standby letter of credit. This letter of credit serves as a guarantee by the banking institution to pay our former insurance provider the incurred claim costs attributable to our general liability, workers compensation and automobile liability claims, up to the amount stated in the standby letter of credit, in the event that these claims were not paid by the Company. We have cash collateralized the letter of credit, resulting in the cash being designated as restricted. Since we have now replaced our insurance provider, the amount required will diminish as claims are processed. Refer to Note 3 for more information on our restricted cash.
The Company is the subject of certain other claims and lawsuits occurring in the normal course of business. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

10. | Income Taxes

The Company and its subsidiaries file U.S. federal and various U.S. state income tax returns. Current income tax expense or (benefit) represents federal and state taxes based on tax paid or expected to be payable or receivable for the periods shown in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company is expecting a current federal liability for alternative minimum tax. The Company may incur current state tax liabilities in states in which the Company does not have sufficient net operating loss carry forwards. Income tax expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. A minimal tax expense was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. The effective income tax rate varied from the statutory rate primarily as a result of the change in the valuation allowance, net income attributable to noncontrolling interest owners which is taxable to those owners rather than to the Company, state income taxes and other permanent differences. For interim periods, the Company estimates an annual effective tax rate and applies that rate to year-to-date operating results.
The Company’s deferred tax expense or (benefit) reflects the change in deferred tax assets or liabilities. The Company performs an analysis at the end of each reporting period to determine whether it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets are expected to be realized in future years. Based upon this analysis, a full valuation allowance has been applied to our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Therefore, there has been no change in net deferred taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
As a result of the Company’s analysis, management has determined that the Company does not have any material uncertain tax positions.

11. | Stockholder’s Equity

Stock Offering
On April 3, 2017, in connection with the Tealstone Acquisition, the Company issued 1,882,058 shares of the Company’s stock as consideration paid to the sellers. The value of the shares issued was $17.1 million based on the average fair value of the shares on the date of acquisition.
On May 9, 2016, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 5,175,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, which included the full exercise of the sole underwriter’s over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $4.00 per share ($3.77 per share net of underwriting discounts). The net proceeds from the offering of $19.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses, were used for working capital, repayment of our indebtedness under the revolving loan portion of our then existing equipment-based credit facility and for general corporate purposes.
Warrants
On April 3, 2017, the Company issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to the lenders under the Loan Agreement (the “Holders”) pursuant to which such holders have the right to purchase, for a period of five years from the date of issuance, up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrant Shares”) at an initial exercise price of $10.25 per share, subject to adjustment for stock splits, combinations and similar recapitalization events and weighted-average anti-dilution upon the issuance
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by the Company of shares of common stock or rights, options or convertible securities exercisable for common stock in the future at a price below the exercise price of the Warrants.
The Company valued these Warrants using the Black-Scholes model, which is a type 3 fair value measurement. The key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Model with respect to these valuations are summarized in the following table:

| At April 3, 2017
Current stock price | $ | 8.88 |
Exercise option price | $ | 10.25 |
Expected term of warrants (in years) | 5 |
Expected volatility rate | 48.29 | %
Risk-free rate | 1.88 | %
Expected dividend yield | — | %

Based on these inputs, the total fair value of the warrants was $3.5 million, which was recorded as a Loan discount and netted against our new Loan and included in “additional paid in capital” on our balance sheet.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has a stock-based incentive plan that is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2016 Form 10-K for further information.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company awarded a total of 8,000 and 174,410 shares of common stock, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million and $2.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The nine months ended September 30, 2017 included costs for the acceleration of unvested shares related to the departure of our former CEO of $0.7 million. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.
At September 30, 2017 and 2016, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested common stock awards was $1.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. At September 30, 2017, there were 0.5 million shares of common stock covered by outstanding unvested common stock.

12. | Net Income (Loss) per Share Attributable to Sterling Common Stockholders

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share attributable to Sterling common stockholders is the same as basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders but includes dilutive unvested stock and warrants using the treasury stock method. The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per common share computations for net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders |  | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 2,415 |  |  | $ | 8,537 |  |  | $ | (2,890 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic |  | 26,486 |  |  | 25,003 |  |  | 25,787 |  |  | 23,915 |
Shares for dilutive unvested stock and warrants |  | 434 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 473 |  |  | — |
Weighted average common shares outstanding and incremental shares assumed repurchased— diluted |  | 26,920 |  |  | 25,365 |  |  | 26,260 |  |  | 23,915 |
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | )

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In accordance with the treasury stock method, approximately 0.3 million shares of unvested common stock were excluded from the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as the Company incurred a loss during that period and the impact of such shares would have been anti-dilutive.

13. | Segment Information

Due to the April 3, 2017 acquisition of Tealstone, the Company has reviewed its reportable segments, operating segments and reporting units. Based on our review, we have concluded that our operations consist of two reportable segments, two operating segments and two reporting unit components: heavy civil construction and residential construction. In making this determination, the Company considered the discrete financial information used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). Based on this approach, the Company noted that the CODM organizes, evaluates and manages the financial information of our aggregated heavy civil construction projects and the entire residential construction division separately when making operating decisions and assessing the Company’s overall performance. Furthermore, we considered the differences between the types of work performed in each reporting unit. Each heavy civil construction project has similar characteristics, includes similar services, has similar types of customers and is subject to similar economic and regulatory environments. Projects in our heavy civil construction segment typically last for several years, involve several subtasks and are accounted for using the percentage of completion method. Conversely, our residential construction projects typically consist of a high volume of independent units performed for customers that are billed, paid and accounted for as the individual units are completed. Each job performed in our residential construction segment typically takes less than one month to complete.
Segment reporting is aligned based upon the services offered by our two operating groups, which represent our reportable segments: Heavy Civil Construction and Residential Construction, as mentioned above. Our chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of the aforementioned operating groups based upon revenue and income from operations. Each operating group’s income from operations reflects corporate costs, allocated based primarily upon revenue.
The following table presents total revenue and income from operations by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heavy Civil Construction |  | $ | 263,278 |  |  | $ | 205,629 |  |  | $ | 625,887 |  |  | $ | 521,778 |
Residential Construction |  | 40,941 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,160 |  |  | — |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 304,219 |  |  | $ | 205,629 |  |  | $ | 704,047 |  |  | $ | 521,778 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heavy Civil Construction |  | $ | 6,960 |  |  | $ | 3,672 |  |  | $ | 8,627 |  |  | $ | 587 |
Residential Construction |  | 5,679 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,580 |  |  | — |
Total Operating Income |  | $ | 12,639 |  |  | $ | 3,672 |  |  | $ | 19,207 |  |  | $ | 587 |

From the acquisition closing date of April 3, 2017, through September 30, 2017, revenue and income from operations associated with the Tealstone Acquisition totaled approximately $92.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively.
The following table presents total assets by reportable segment at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets |  |  |  |
Heavy Civil Construction |  | $ | 365,178 |  |  | $ | 301,823 |
Residential Construction |  | 107,857 |  |  | — |
Total Assets |  | $ | 473,035 |  |  | $ | 301,823 |

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The Company is in the process of finalizing the purchase accounting, which will affect the allocation of goodwill by reportable segments. Refer to Note 2. However, of the newly acquired goodwill, with a preliminarily amount of $30.5 million, we believe that almost all will be allocated to the Residential Construction segment.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Comment Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Report includes statements that are, or may be considered to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are included throughout this Report, including in this section, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and relate to matters such as our industry, business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information. We have used the words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar terms and phrases to identify forward-looking statements in this Report.
Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations as of the date of this Report regarding future events, results or outcomes. These expectations may or may not be realized. Some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions or judgments that prove to be incorrect. In addition, our business and operations involve numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could result in our expectations not being realized or otherwise could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these factors, they include, among others, the following:

• | changes in general economic conditions, including recessions, reductions in federal, state and local government funding for infrastructure services and changes in those governments’ budgets, practices, laws and regulations;

• | delays or difficulties related to the completion of our projects, including additional costs, reductions in revenues or the payment of liquidated damages, or delays or difficulties related to obtaining required governmental permits and approvals;

• | actions of suppliers, subcontractors, design engineers, joint venture partners, customers, competitors, banks, surety companies and others which are beyond our control, including suppliers’, subcontractors’ and joint venture partners’ failure to perform;

• | factors that affect the accuracy of estimates inherent in our bidding for contracts, estimates of backlog, percentage-of-completion accounting policies, including onsite conditions that differ materially from those assumed in our original bid, contract modifications, mechanical problems with our machinery or equipment and effects of other risks discussed in this document;

• | design/build contracts which subject us to the risk of design errors and omissions;

• | cost escalations associated with our contracts, including changes in availability, proximity and cost of materials such as steel, cement, concrete, aggregates, oil, fuel and other construction materials and cost escalations associated with subcontractors and labor;

• | our dependence on a limited number of significant customers;

• | adverse weather conditions; although we prepare our budgets and bid contracts based on historical rain and snowfall patterns, the incidence of rain, snow, hurricanes, etc., may differ materially from these expectations;

• | the presence of competitors with greater financial resources or lower margin requirements than ours and the impact of competitive bidders on our ability to obtain new backlog at reasonable margins acceptable to us;

• | our ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions;

• | citations issued by any governmental authority, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration;

• | federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations where non-compliance can result in penalties and/or termination of contracts as well as civil and criminal liability;

• | adverse economic conditions in our markets; and

• | the other factors discussed in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (“2016 Form 10-K”) under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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In reading this Report, you should consider these factors carefully in evaluating any forward-looking statements and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in, or suggested by, the forward-looking statements that we make in this Report are reasonable, we can provide no assurance that they will be achieved.
The forward-looking statements included in this Report are made only as of the date of this Report and we undertake no obligation to update any information contained in this Report or to publicly release the results of any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur, or that we become aware of after the date of this Report, except as may be required by applicable securities laws.
Overview
Sterling Construction Company, Inc. (“Sterling” or “the Company”) is a leading heavy civil construction company that specializes in building and reconstruction of transportation infrastructure, water infrastructure, and residential and commercial concrete projects in Texas, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, California, Hawaii, and other states in which there are construction opportunities. Our heavy civil construction projects include highways, roads, bridges, airfields, ports, light rail, water, wastewater and storm drainage systems, multi-family homes, commercial projects and parking structures. Our residential construction projects include concrete foundations for single-family homes.
Although we describe our business in this Report in terms of the services we provide, our base of customers and the geographic areas in which we operate, we have concluded that our operations consist of two reportable segments, two operating segments and two reporting unit components: heavy civil construction and residential construction. In making this determination, the Company considered the discrete financial information used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). Based on this approach, the Company noted that the CODM organizes, evaluates and manages the financial information of our aggregated heavy civil construction projects and the entire residential construction division separately when making operating decisions and assessing the Company’s overall performance. Furthermore, we considered the differences between the types of work performed in each reporting unit. Each heavy civil construction project has similar characteristics, includes similar services, has similar types of customers and is subject to similar economic and regulatory environments. Projects in our heavy civil construction segment typically last for several years, involve several subtasks and are accounted for using the percentage of completion method. Conversely, our residential construction projects typically consist of a high volume of independent units performed for customers that are billed, paid and accounted for as the individual units are completed. Each job performed in our residential construction segment typically takes less than one month to complete.
Market Outlook and Trends
Market outlook: Our core heavy civil construction business, through September 30, 2017, was primarily driven by Federal and state funding. The 2015 passage of the federally funded five-year $305 billion surface transportation bill will increase the annual federal highway investment by 15.1% over the five-year period from 2016 to 2020. In addition to the Federal program, several of the states in our key markets have instituted actions to further increase annual spending. In Texas, two constitutional amendments were passed, which will increase the annual funds allocated to transportation projects by $4.0 billion to $4.5 billion per year. In Utah, a 20% gas tax increase was put into effect January 1, 2016, which is the first state gas tax increase in 18 years. Furthermore, in 2017, a bill was passed in Utah authorizing the issuance of up to $1 billion in bonds for use in the state’s highway projects. In addition, a 1-cent sales tax increase was approved in Los Angeles, California in 2016 that will provide $3 billion a year for local road, bridge and transit projects. See “Item 1. Business—Our Markets, Competition and Customers” in our 2016 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of our markets and their funding sources.
Bid discipline and project execution: To ensure that we take full advantage of the improved market conditions and maximize profitability we have completed an extensive evaluation of our projects’ historical success based on project size, end customer, product delivered and geography. The knowledge gained has now been incorporated into a more formal and rigorous bid evaluation and approval process, which along with the institution of common processes, we believe will enable us to focus our resources on the most beneficial projects and significantly reduce our risk. In addition, in order to strengthen these processes and capitalize further on the improved market conditions, we appointed a Chief Operating Officer late in the first quarter of 2016.
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Backlog, backlog gross margin and gross margin trends:

| Backlog | Gross Margin in Backlog
| (Dollar amounts in thousands)
Third quarter of 2017 | $804,000 | 8.4%
Second quarter of 2017 | $923,000 | 8.4%
First quarter of 2017 | $925,000 | 8.4%
Fourth quarter of 2016 | $823,000 | 8.2%
Third quarter of 2016 | $820,000 | 8.0%

Our total margin in backlog has increased approximately 40 basis points, from 8.0% at September 30, 2016 to 8.4% at September 30, 2017. The increases noted above are primarily the result of the improving market conditions and actions that we have taken to improve bid discipline.
For purposes of the discussions which follow, “Current Quarter” refers to the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, “Prior Quarter” refers to the three-month period ended September 30, 2016, “Current Period” refers to the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 and “Prior Period” refers to the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016.
Summary of Financial Results for the Current Quarter and Current Period
In the Current Quarter and Current Period, we had operating income of $12.6 million and $19.2 million, respectively, income before income taxes and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest owners of $9.2 million and $12.0 million, respectively, net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders of $7.1 million and $8.5 million, respectively, and net income per diluted share attributable to Sterling common stockholders of $0.26 and $0.33, respectively.
Results of Operations
Heavy Civil Backlog at September 30, 2017
At September 30, 2017, our backlog of construction projects, made up solely of our heavy civil construction segment, was $804 million, as compared to $823 million at December 31, 2016. The contracts in this backlog are typically completed in 12 to 36 months. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, approximately $108 million and $226 million, respectively, was excluded from our consolidated backlog for projects in which we were the apparent low bidder, but had not yet been formally awarded the contract or the contract price had not been finalized (“Unsigned Low-bid Awards”). Total backlog, including Unsigned Low-bid Awards, at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $912 million and $1.0 billion, respectively. Backlog includes $27 million and $53 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, attributable to our share of estimated revenues related to joint ventures where we are a noncontrolling joint venture partner.
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Consolidated Results
Results of Operations for the Current Quarter as Compared to the Prior Quarter and for the Current Period as compared to the Prior Period

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | % Change |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | % Change
|  | (Dollar amounts in thousands)
Revenues |  | $ | 304,219 |  |  | $ | 205,629 |  |  | 47.9% |  | $ | 704,047 |  |  | $ | 521,778 |  |  | 34.9%
Gross profit |  | 30,631 |  |  | 16,622 |  |  | 84.3% |  | $ | 65,123 |  |  | $ | 35,713 |  |  | 82.4%
General and administrative expenses |  | (13,129 | ) |  | (9,146 | ) |  | 43.5% |  | (36,545 | ) |  | (27,888 | ) |  | 31.0%
Other operating expense, net |  | (4,863 | ) |  | (3,804 | ) |  | 27.8% |  | (9,371 | ) |  | (7,238 | ) |  | 29.5%
Operating income |  | 12,639 |  |  | 3,672 |  |  | NM |  | 19,207 |  |  | 587 |  |  | NM
Interest income |  | 107 |  |  | 15 |  |  | NM |  | 192 |  |  | 19 |  |  | NM
Interest expense |  | (3,576 | ) |  | (491 | ) |  | NM |  | (6,672 | ) |  | (2,176 | ) |  | NM
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | NM |  | (755 | ) |  | — |  |  | NM
Income (loss) before taxes and earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 9,170 |  |  | 3,196 |  |  | NM |  | 11,972 |  |  | (1,570 | ) |  | NM
Income tax expense |  | (344 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | NM |  | (469 | ) |  | (68 | ) |  | NM
Net income (loss) |  | 8,826 |  |  | 3,155 |  |  | NM |  | 11,503 |  |  | (1,638 | ) |  | NM
Noncontrolling owners’ interests in earnings of subsidiaries and joint ventures |  | (1,694 | ) |  | (740 | ) |  | NM |  | (2,966 | ) |  | (1,252 | ) |  | NM
Net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders |  | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 2,415 |  |  | NM |  | $ | 8,537 |  |  | $ | (2,890 | ) |  | NM
Gross margin |  | 10.1 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  | 24.7% |  | 9.2 | % |  | 6.8 | % |  | 35.3%
Operating margin |  | 4.2 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  | NM |  | 2.7 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | NM
NM – Not meaningful. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Revenues
Revenues increase d $98.6 million, or 47.9% in the Current Quarter compared with the Prior Quarter and increase d $182.3 million, or 34.9% in the Current Period compared with the Prior Period. The increase in the Current Quarter is primarily the result of the April 3, 2017, Tealstone Acquisition, which resulted in approximately $50.4 million in additional revenue. The majority of the remaining net increase of $48.2 million in the Current Quarter is attributable to Utah projects and a result of a ramp up in a new 2017 Rocky Mountain region construction joint venture project. The increase in the Current Period compared to the Prior Period was primarily due to the Tealstone Acquisition, which resulted in approximately $92.9 million in additional revenue. The majority of the remaining $89.4 million net increase in the Current Period was also primarily attributable to Utah projects as a result of a ramp up in a new 2017 Rocky Mountain region construction joint venture project and increased project productivity in Texas. The effect of hurricane Harvey did not have a significant impact in the Current Quarter and the Current Period as time lost on project construction was offset by a pickup in emergency work in the area.
Gross profit
Gross profit increase d $14.0 million for the Current Quarter compared with the Prior Quarter and $29.4 million for the Current Period compared with the Prior Period. Our gross margin increase d to 10.1% and 9.2% in the Current Quarter and Current Period, respectively, as compared to 8.1% and 6.8% in the Prior Quarter and Prior Period, respectively. The increase in gross margin during the Current Quarter as compared to the Prior Quarter and the increase in the Current Period as compared to the Prior Period was primarily attributable to the Tealstone Acquisition adding approximately 1.6% gross margin to the Current Quarter and 1.4% gross margin to the Current Period.
At September 30, 2017 and 2016, we had approximately 140 and 121 heavy civil contracts-in-progress, respectively, which were less than 90% complete. These contracts are of various sizes, of different expected profitability and in various stages of completion. The nearer a contract progresses toward completion, the more we are able to refine our estimate of total revenues (including incentives, delay penalties, change orders and claims), costs and gross profit. Thus, gross profit as a percent of revenues
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can increase or decrease from comparable and subsequent quarters due to variations among contracts and depending upon the stage of completion of contracts.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses increase d $4.0 million to $13.1 million during the Current Quarter from $9.1 million in the Prior Quarter and increase d $8.7 million to $36.5 million during the Current Period from $27.9 million in the Prior Period. The increase in the Current Quarter compared to the Prior Quarter and the Current Period to the Prior Period is primarily the result of the Tealstone Acquisition, stock based compensation costs related to the acceleration of our former CEO’s unvested shares, and pre-bid contract and recruiting costs in our Utah market.
As a percent of revenues, general and administrative expenses decrease d 0.1% to 4.3% and 5.2% to in the Current Quarter and Current Period, respectively, compared with 4.4% and 5.3% in the Prior Quarter and Prior Period, respectively. The slight decrease in general and administrative expenses, as a percent of revenue, for the Current Quarter and Current Period is primarily the result of the Company's ability to control costs while implementing our growth strategy.
Other operating expense, net
Other operating expense, net, includes 50% of earnings and losses related to members’ interests and other miscellaneous operating income or expense. Members’ interest earnings are treated as an expense and increase our liability account “Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings.” The change in other operating expense, net, was $1.1 million during the Current Quarter and $2.1 million during the Current Period. The increase in the Current Quarter was primarily due to an increase in earnings by our 50% owned subsidiaries. The increase in the Current Period was primarily due the sale for a loss of $1.1 million on one of our Texas buildings that was sold in the third quarter and the write-down of $0.9 million that was recorded in the second quarter of 2017, a loss on debt extinguishment of $0.8 million and transaction costs of $0.3 million related to the Tealstone Acquisition.
Income taxes
Our effective income tax rates for the Current Quarter and Current Period were approximately 4% compared to a minimal rate in Prior Quarter and Prior Period. As our market improves and we increasingly benefit from the Tealstone Acquisition, we are expecting a current federal alternative minimum tax liability for the year. Therefore, $0.3 million and $0.5 million of tax expense was recorded for the Current Quarter and Current Period.
Segment Results

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | % of Total |  | 2016 |  | % of Total |  | 2017 |  | % of Total |  | 2016 |  | % of Total
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heavy Civil Construction |  | $ | 263,278 |  |  | 87% |  | $ | 205,629 |  |  | 100% |  | $ | 625,887 |  |  | 89% |  | $ | 521,778 |  |  | 100%
Residential Construction |  | 40,941 |  |  | 13% |  | — |  |  | —% |  | 78,160 |  |  | 11% |  | — |  |  | —%
Total Revenue |  | $ | 304,219 |  |  |  |  | $ | 205,629 |  |  |  |  | $ | 704,047 |  |  |  |  | $ | 521,778 |  |  |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heavy Civil Construction |  | $ | 6,960 |  |  | 55% |  | $ | 3,672 |  |  | 100% |  | $ | 8,627 |  |  | 45% |  | $ | 587 |  |  | 100%
Residential Construction |  | 5,679 |  |  | 45% |  | — |  |  | —% |  | 10,580 |  |  | 55% |  | — |  |  | —%
Total Operating Income |  | $ | 12,639 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,672 |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,207 |  |  |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  |

Revenue
Revenue was $304.2 million and $704.0 million for the Current Quarter and Current Period, respectively. This represented an increase in our heavy civil construction segment of $57.6 million, or 28% and $104.1 million, or 20% for the Current Quarter
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and Current Period compared to the Prior Quarter and Prior Period, coupled with $40.9 million and $78.2 million in additional revenue related to our new residential construction segment for the Current Quarter and Current Period, respectively.
Operating Income
Operating Income was $12.6 million and $19.2 million for the Current Quarter and Current Period, respectively. This represented an increase of $3.3 million, or 90% in our heavy civil construction segment compared to the Prior Quarter and an increase of $8.0 million, or 1,370% in our heavy civil construction segment compared to the Prior Period, coupled with $5.7 million and $10.6 million in additional income related to our new residential construction segment for the Current Quarter and Current Period, respectively.
Liquidity and Sources of Capital
The following table sets forth information about our cash flows and liquidity (amounts in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net cash (used in) provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (6,951 | ) |  | $ | 35,710 |
Investing activities |  | (57,336 | ) |  | (6,665 | )
Financing activities |  | 88,043 |  |  | 9,550 |
Total increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 23,756 |  |  | $ | 38,595 |
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 66,541 |  |  | $ | 42,785 |
Working capital |  | $ | 84,840 |  |  | $ | 29,316 |

Operating Activities.
During the Current Period, net cash used by operating activities was $7.0 million compared to net cash provided of $35.7 million in the Prior Period. The drivers of operating activities cash flows were primarily the result of our improvement in net income discussed above, non-cash items, the change in our accounts receivable, inventory, net contracts in progress and accounts payable balances (collectively, “Contract Capital”) as discussed below.
The significant non-cash items included in operating activities include depreciation and amortization expense, which were $13.1 million in the Current Period and $12.1 million in the Prior Period. Depreciation and amortization expense has increased from the Prior Period to the Current Period as a result of our April 3, 2017 acquisition where we acquired identified intangible assets and have amortized $1.4 million in the Current Period. Depreciation expense decreased as part of our efforts to maintain our current fleet of equipment and supplement it as necessary with more economical project specific leased equipment.
The need for working capital for our business varies due to fluctuations in operating activities and investments in our Contract Capital. The Components of Contract Capital at September 30, 2017 and 2016 and changes during the Current Quarter and Prior Quarter were as follows (amounts in thousands):
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|  | Changes in Components of Contract Capital for the Period Ended
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2016 |  | Variance
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |  | $ | (7,735 | ) |  | $ | (5,084 | ) |  | $ | (2,651 | )
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |  | (1,035 | ) |  | 31,340 |  |  | (32,375 | )
Contracts in progress, net |  | (8,770 | ) |  | 26,256 |  |  | (35,026 | )
Contracts receivable, including retainage |  | (45,044 | ) |  | (23,303 | ) |  | (21,741 | )
Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures |  | (1,939 | ) |  | 3,461 |  |  | (5,400 | )
Inventories |  | 2,833 |  |  | (1,465 | ) |  | 4,298 |
Accounts payable |  | 16,687 |  |  | 17,902 |  |  | (1,215 | )
Contract Capital, net |  | $ | (36,233 | ) |  | $ | 22,851 |  |  | $ | (59,084 | )

The Current Period change in Contract Capital decreased liquidity by $36.2 million. Fluctuations in our Contract Capital balance and its components are not unusual in our business and are impacted by the size of our projects and changing type and mix of projects in our backlog. Our Contract Capital is particularly impacted by the timing of new awards and related payments of performing work and the contract billings to the customer as we complete our projects. Contract Capital is also impacted at period-end by the timing of accounts receivable collections and accounts payable payments for our projects.
Investing Activities.
During the Current Period, net cash used in investing activities was $57.3 million compared to $6.7 million in the Prior Period. The primary driver of investing activities cash flows was the $55 million paid on April 3, 2017, as part of the Tealstone Acquisition.
Capital equipment is acquired as needed to support changing levels of production activities and to replace retiring equipment. Expenditures for the replacement of certain equipment and to expand our construction fleet totaled $8.3 million for the Current Period. Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment totaled $5.8 million for the Current Period with an associated net loss of $0.2 million. For the Prior Period, expenditures totaled $8.9 million, while proceeds from the sale of property and equipment totaled $2.2 million with an associated net gain of $0.3 million. The level of expenditures in the Current Period decreased by $0.6 million compared to the Prior Period. This decrease was the result of our efforts to maintain our current fleet of equipment and supplement it as necessary with more economical project-specific leased equipment.
Financing Activities.
During the Current Period, net cash provided by financing activities was $88.0 million compared to $9.6 million in the Prior Period. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily a result of net proceeds of $85.0 million received as part of our new Loan Agreement, compared to net proceeds of $19.1 million received from the issuance of common stock in the Prior Period.
Cash and Working Capital.
Cash at September 30, 2017, was $66.5 million, which increase d based on the items mentioned above. Cash includes $2.6 million that was held by our VIE which is also a majority-owned subsidiary, $12.5 million belonging to another majority-owned subsidiary and $20.7 million belonging to majority-owned joint ventures which generally cannot be used for purposes outside the joint venture. Our working capital increased $55.5 million to $84.8 million at September 30, 2017 from $29.3 million at December 31, 2016.
Credit Facility and Other Sources of Capital
In addition to our available cash, cash equivalents and cash provided by operations, from time to time, we use borrowings to finance acquisitions, our capital expenditures and working capital needs.
Loan Agreement
On April 3, 2017, the Company, as borrower, and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “Loan Agreement”), providing for a term loan of $85,000,000 (the “Loan”) with a maturity date of April 4, 2022, which replaced the then existing debt facility. The Loan is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.
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Interest on the Loan is equal to the one-, two-, three- or six-month London interbank rate, or LIBOR, plus 8.75% per annum on the unpaid principal amount of the Loan, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. Interest on the Loan is generally payable monthly. There are no amortized principal payments; however, the Company is required to prepay the Loan, and in certain cases pay a prepayment premium thereon, with proceeds received from the issuances of debt or equity, transfers, events of loss and extraordinary receipts. The Company is required to make an offer quarterly to the lenders to prepay the Loan in an amount equal to 75% of its excess cash flow, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a prepayment premium.
The Loan Agreement contains various covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to incur certain indebtedness, grant certain liens, merge or consolidate, sell assets, make certain loans, enter into acquisitions, incur capital expenditures, make investments, and pay dividends. In addition, the Company is required to maintain the following principal financial covenants:

• | a ratio of secured indebtedness to EBITDA of not more than 3.10 to 1.00 for four consecutive quarters, reducing to 1.80 to 1.00 by the four consecutive quarters ending September 30, 2019;

• | daily cash collateral of not less than $15,000,000, potentially increasing to $18,000,000 beginning on April 4, 2018;

• | a rolling four quarter gross margin in contract backlog of not less than $60,000,000, increasing to $70,000,000 by March 31, 2019;

• | the incurrence of net capital expenditures during each four consecutive fiscal quarters shall not exceed $15,000,000;

• | bonding capacity shall be maintained at all times in an amount not less than $1,000,000,000; and

• | the EBITDA of Tealstone Residential Concrete, Inc. shall not be less than $12,000,000 during each four consecutive fiscal quarters.

The Company is in compliance with these covenants at September 30, 2017.
The Loan Agreement also includes customary events of default, including events of default relating to non-payment of principal or interest, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, breaches of covenants, cross-defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency events, certain unsatisfied judgments, loan documents not being valid, calls under the Company’s bonds, failure of specified individuals to remain employed by the Company, and a change of control. If an event of default occurs, the lenders will be able to accelerate the maturity of the Loan Agreement and exercise other rights and remedies.
Deferred loan costs and discounts totaled $10.4 million, which included attorney fees, investment bank fees as well as amounts payed to the lenders and which were discounted from the loan amount. Warrants valued at $3.5 million were included as well. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the warrants. The total amount will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the five-year life of the Loan. Amortization expense of $0.5 million and $1.0 million has been included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
As part of the extinguishment of our prior credit facility, $0.8 million in debt extinguishment costs was expensed and included as a “loss on extinguishment of debt” on our statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Notes and Deferred Payments to Sellers
As part of the Tealstone Acquisition, the Company issued $5,000,000 of promissory notes to the sellers and agreed to make $2,426,000 and $7,500,000 of deferred cash payments on the second and third anniversaries of the closing date, respectively. Based on a preliminary 12% discount rate the Company recorded $11.6 million as notes and deferred payments to sellers in long-term debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at the acquisition closing date. Accreted interest for the period was $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and was recorded as interest expense.
Warrants
On April 3, 2017, the Company issued warrants (the “Warrants”) to the lenders under the Loan Agreement (the “Holders”) pursuant to which the Holders have the right to purchase, for a period of five years from the date of issuance, up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrant Shares”) at an initial exercise price of $10.25 per share, subject to adjustment for stock splits, combinations and similar recapitalization events and weighted-average anti-dilution upon the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock or rights, options or convertible securities exercisable for common stock in the future at a price below the exercise price of the Warrants. The total fair value of the Warrants was $3.5 million, which was recorded as a Loan discount and netted against our new Loan and included in “additional paid in capital” on our balance sheet.
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Borrowings
Average borrowings under our Loan and prior credit facility for the Current Quarter and Current Period were $85.0 million and $57.7 million, respectively. Average borrowings under the prior equipment-based credit facility for the 2016 fiscal year were $18.1 million.
Based on our average borrowings for 2016 and our 2017 forecasted cash needs, we continue to believe that the Company has sufficient liquid financial resources to fund our requirements for the next twelve months of operations, including our bonding requirements. Furthermore, the Company is continually assessing ways to increase revenues and reduce costs to improve liquidity. However, in the event of a substantial cash constraint and if we were unable to secure adequate debt financing, or we were to incur losses, our working capital could be materially and adversely affected. Refer to “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2016 Form 10-K for further discussion of liquidity related risks.
Capital Strategy
We will continue to explore additional capital alternatives to further strengthen our financial position in order to take advantage of this improving transportation infrastructure market. This could include the potential sale of assets, businesses or equity, the favorable resolution of outstanding contract claims, or a combination thereof. We expect to use proceeds from these initiatives to invest in projects meeting our gross margin targets, overall profitability and other requirements, as well as managing our debt balances and pursuing projects or investments in adjacent markets.
Inflation
Inflation generally has not had a material impact on our financial results; however, from time to time, increases in oil, fuel and steel prices have affected our cost of operations. Anticipated cost increases and reductions are considered in our bids to customers on proposed new construction projects.
Where we are the successful bidder on a heavy civil construction project, we execute purchase orders with material suppliers and contracts with subcontractors covering the prices of most materials and services, other than oil and fuel products, thereby mitigating future price increases and supply disruptions. These purchase orders and contracts do not contain quantity guarantees and we have no obligation for materials and services beyond those required to complete the contracts with our customers. There can be no assurance that increases in prices of oil and fuel used in our business will be adequately covered by the estimated escalation we have included in our bids and there can be no assurance that all of our vendors will fulfill their pricing and supply commitments under their purchase orders and contracts with the Company. We adjust our total estimated costs on our projects when we believe it is probable that we will have cost increases which will not be recovered from customers, vendors or re-engineering.
Inflation affects our residential construction projects minimally as these projects typically last one month or less.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Joint Ventures
We participate in various construction joint ventures in order to share expertise, risk and resources for certain highly complex projects. The venture’s contract with the project owner typically requires joint and several liability among the joint venture partners. Although our agreements with our joint venture partners provide that each party will assume and fund its share of any losses resulting from a project, if one of our partners is unable to pay its share, we would be fully liable for such share under our contract with the project owner. Circumstances that could lead to a loss under these guarantee arrangements include a partner’s inability to contribute additional funds to the venture in the event that the project incurs a loss or additional costs that we could incur should the partner fail to provide the services and resources toward project completion that had been committed to in the joint venture agreement.
At September 30, 2017, there was approximately $51 million of construction work to be completed on unconsolidated construction joint venture contracts, of which $27 million represented our proportionate share. Due to the joint and several liability under our joint venture arrangements, if one of our joint venture partners fails to perform, we and the remaining joint venture partners would be responsible for completion of the outstanding work. As of September 30, 2017, we are not aware of any situation that would require us to fulfill responsibilities of our joint venture partners pursuant to the joint and several liability provisions under our contracts.
Off-balance sheet arrangements related to operating leases are discussed in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations –Liquidity and Sources of Capital− Contractual Obligations” in our 2016 Form 10-K.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
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Changes in interest rates are one of our sources of market risks. Outstanding indebtedness under our Loan Agreement bears interest at floating rates (LIBOR), so our results from operations could be impacted from a change in interest rates. A 1% increase in our interest rate would increase interest expense by $0.9 million per year. However, the Company does not expect interest rate fluctuations to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results.
See “Inflation” above regarding risks associated with materials and fuel purchases required to complete our construction contracts.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures include, but are not limited to, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer reviewed and evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at September 30, 2017 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in this Report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management including the principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We acquired Tealstone on April 3, 2017 and have not yet included Tealstone in our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the scope of an assessment in the year of acquisition, the scope of our assessment of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures does not include internal control over financial reporting related to Tealstone. Since the acquisition date of April 3, 2017, Tealstone accounted for $93 million of our total revenues and as of September 30, 2017 had total assets of $112 million.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except as noted above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are now and may in the future be involved as a party to various legal proceedings that are incidental to the ordinary course of business. We regularly analyze current information about these proceedings and, as necessary, provide accruals for probable liabilities on the eventual disposition of these matters.
In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, there are currently no threatened or pending legal matters that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse impact on our condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have not been any material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 2016 Form 10-K. You should carefully consider such risk factors, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table shows, by month, the number of shares of the Company's common stock that the Company repurchased in the quarter ended September 30, 2017.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly- Announced Plans or Program |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1—July 31, 2017 |  | 2,336 |  | (1) |  | $ | 13.07 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
August 1—August 31, 2017 |  | 65 |  | (1) |  | $ | 10.79 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) | These shares were repurchased from employees holding shares of the Company's common stock that had been awarded to them by the Company and that were released from Company-imposed transfer restrictions. The repurchase was to enable the employees to satisfy the Company's tax withholding obligations occasioned by the release of the restrictions. The repurchase was made at the election of the employees pursuant to a procedure adopted by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.1* |  | First Amendment To Loan and Security Agreement
31.1* |  | Certification of Joseph A. Cutillo, Chief Executive Officer of Sterling Construction Company, Inc.
31.2* |  | Certification of Ronald A. Ballschmiede, Chief Financial Officer of Sterling Construction Company, Inc.
32* |  | Certification pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350) of Joseph A. Cutillo, Chief Executive Officer, and Ronald A. Ballschmiede, Chief Financial Officer
101.INS* |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

_______________
* Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC.
Date: October 31, 2017 | By: | /s/ Joseph A. Cutillo |
|  | Joseph A. Cutillo |
|  | Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 31, 2017 | By: | /s/ Ronald A. Ballschmiede |
|  | Ronald A. Ballschmiede
|  | Chief Financial Officer

34

STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for Period Ended September 30, 2017
Exhibit Index

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.1* |  | First Amendment To Loan and Security Agreement
31.1* |  | Certification of Joseph A. Cutillo, Chief Executive Officer of Sterling Construction Company, Inc.
31.2* |  | Certification of Ronald A. Ballschmiede, Chief Financial Officer of Sterling Construction Company, Inc.
32* |  | Certification pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350) of Joseph A. Cutillo, Chief Executive Officer, and Ronald A. Ballschmiede, Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS* |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

_____________
* Filed herewith.
35