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Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Asset/Liability
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Asset/Liability
11.
Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Asset/Liability
The Company and its subsidiaries file U.S. federal and various U.S. state income tax returns. Current income tax expense (benefit) represents federal and state taxes based on tax paid or expected to be payable or receivable for the periods shown in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Due to net operating loss carryforwards, the Company is not expecting a current federal liability. The Company may incur current state tax liabilities in states in which the Company does not have sufficient net operating loss carry forwards. Income tax expense of $98 thousand and $138 thousand was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Income tax expense of $98 thousand and $125 thousand was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The effective income tax rate varied from the statutory rate primarily as a result of the change in the valuation allowance, net income attributable to noncontrolling interest owners which is taxable to those owners rather than to the Company, state income taxes and other permanent differences. For interim periods, the Company estimates an annual effective tax rate and applies that rate to year-to-date operating results.
The Company’s deferred tax expense reflects the change in deferred tax assets or liabilities. The Company performs an analysis at the end of each reporting period to determine whether it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets are expected to be realized in future years. Based upon this analysis, a full valuation allowance has been applied to our net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Therefore, there has been no change in net deferred taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
As a result of the Company’s analysis, management has determined that the Company does not have any material uncertain tax positions.