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Revenue from Customers
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Customers
4.REVENUE FROM CUSTOMERS
Backlog—The following table presents the Company’s backlog, by segment:
 December 31,
 20202019
Heavy Civil Backlog$898,183 $834,049 
Specialty Services Backlog277,205 233,976 
Total Heavy Civil and Specialty Services Backlog$1,175,388 $1,068,025 
The Company expects to recognize approximately 64% of its backlog as revenue during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter.
Revenue Disaggregation—The following tables present the Company’s revenues disaggregated by major end market and contract type:
Years Ended December 31,
Revenues by major end market202020192018
Heavy Highway$526,561 $483,175 $513,376 
Aviation109,894 141,371 111,824 
Water Containment and Treatment69,922 65,795 66,928 
Other47,447 69,984 73,510 
Heavy Civil Revenues753,824 760,325 765,638 
Land Development397,253 84,637 — 
Commercial111,641 128,187 120,333 
Specialty Services Revenues508,894 212,824 120,333 
Residential Revenues164,694 153,129 151,696 
Total Revenues$1,427,412 $1,126,278 $1,037,667 
Revenues by contract type
Fixed-Unit Price$843,401 $708,638 $733,047 
Lump Sum389,045 262,237 146,874 
Residential and Other194,966 155,403 157,746 
Total Revenues$1,427,412 $1,126,278 $1,037,667 
Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, the Company assumes more risk with lump-sum contracts. However, these types of contracts offer additional profits if the work is completed for less than originally estimated. Under fixed-unit price contracts, the Company’s profit may vary if actual labor-hour costs vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Also, because some contracts can provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the components of contract cost can impact profitability.
Variable Consideration
The Company has projects that it is in the process of negotiating, or awaiting final approval of, unapproved change orders and claims with its customers. The Company is proceeding with its contractual rights to recoup additional costs incurred from its customers based on completing work associated with change orders, including change orders with pending change order pricing, or claims related to significant changes in scope which resulted in substantial delays and additional costs in completing the work. Unapproved change order and claim information has been provided to the Company’s customers and negotiations with the customers are ongoing. If additional progress with an acceptable resolution is not reached, legal action will be taken. Based upon the Company’s review of the provisions of its contracts, specific costs incurred and other related evidence supporting the unapproved change orders and claims, together in some cases as necessary with the views of the Company’s outside claim consultants, the Company concluded it was appropriate to include in project price amounts of $7,142 and $3,000, at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, relating to unapproved change orders and claims. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined.
Contract Estimates
Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, the Company estimates the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes such profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the cost and availability of materials and the performance of subcontractors. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those changes arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated revenues and gross margin resulted in a net increase of $7,439 for the year ended December 31, 2020, a net decrease of $9,044 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and a net increase of $7,098 for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in “Operating income” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The 2019 decrease primarily related to a project for the construction of three separate bridges in Texas.