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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes |
14. | INCOME TAXES
Provision for Income Taxes The Company and its subsidiaries are based in the U.S. and file federal and various state income tax returns. The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Current tax expense | $ | 9,221 |  |  | $ | 3,512 |  |  | $ | 3,033 |
Deferred tax expense | 32,486 |  |  | 21,362 |  |  | 16,377 |
Income tax expense | $ | 41,707 |  |  | $ | 24,874 |  |  | $ | 19,410 |
The Company expects to pay approximately $1,100 in federal income taxes for 2022 and no payments for 2021 due to net operating loss carryforwards. The Company makes cash payments for state income taxes in states in which the Company does not have net operating loss carry forwards. The Company expects to pay federal taxes in 2023 due to the full utilization of its net operating loss carryforward. Effective Tax Rate The items comprising the difference between income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory rates in effect for 2022, 2021 and 2020 and our effective tax rates were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | %
Tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory rate | $ | 29,435 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 18,650 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 13,258 |  |  | 21.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefits | 11,064 |  |  | 7.9 | % |  | 5,579 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | 4,840 |  |  | 7.7 | %
Taxes on subsidiaries’ and joint ventures’ earnings allocated to noncontrolling interests owners | (366) |  |  | (0.3) | % |  | (521) |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | (130) |  |  | (0.2) | %
Executive compensation, including stock incentives | 1,366 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 1,698 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 1,881 |  |  | 3.0 | %
Other permanent differences | 208 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | (532) |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | (439) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Income tax expense | $ | 41,707 |  |  | 29.8 | % |  | $ | 24,874 |  |  | 28.0 | % |  | $ | 19,410 |  |  | 30.7 | %
The 2022, 2021 and 2020 effective income tax rate varied from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state income taxes, nondeductible compensation and other permanent differences. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| Long Term
| As of December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Assets related to: |  |  |
Accrued compensation and other | $ | 3,287 |  |  | $ | 5,237 |
Noncontrolling interests | 2,642 |  |  | 2,030 |
Members interest liabilities | 4,783 |  |  | 4,604 |
Right of use liabilities | 15,259 |  |  | 4,600 |
Derivative liability | — |  |  | 515 |
Deferred payments | 23 |  |  | 960 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 1,320 |  |  | 8,955 |
Total deferred tax assets | 27,314 |  |  | 26,901 |
Liabilities related to: |  |  |
Depreciation of property and equipment | (40,770) |  |  | (25,775) |
Right of use assets | (15,157) |  |  | (4,565) |
Amortization of tax basis goodwill | (16,047) |  |  | (10,493) |
Other | (6,999) |  |  | (4,502) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (78,973) |  |  | (45,335) |
Net total deferred tax (liability) asset | $ | (51,659) |  |  | $ | (18,434) |
Net Operating Loss—At December 31, 2022 the Company had federal and state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $253 and $22,224, respectively. Federal NOLs have expiration dates between 2034 and 2036. The Company has $27 of federal NOLs that do not expire. State NOLs have expiration dates between 2028 and 2038. Uncertain Tax Positions As a result of the Company’s analysis, management has determined that the Company does not have any material uncertain tax positions. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for 2019 and later years are open and subject to examination by the I.R.S. In addition, the Company’s state income tax returns for 2019 and later years are open and subject to examination. Additionally, federal and state NOLs may be adjusted by the taxing authorities for the 2013 and later tax years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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