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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-14733

Lithia Motors, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Oregon |  | 93-0572810
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
150 N. Bartlett Street | Medford, | Oregon | 97501
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(541) 776-6401
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock without par value |  | LAD |  | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company,
or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and
“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | Non-accelerated filer | Accelerated filer | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company
☒ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 30, 2025, there were 25,636,451 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

LITHIA MOTORS, INC.
FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item Number | Item | Page
| GLOSSARY | 1
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 2
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Non-controlling Interest (Unaudited) - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 6
| Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 38
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 39
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 39
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
Item 5. | Other Information | 39
Item 6. | Exhibits | 40
| SIGNATURE | 41

|  | GLOSSARY | 1 |

Table of Contents
GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS
The following are abbreviations and definitions of terms used within this report:

Terms |  | Definitions
AFS |  | Available-for-sale
ASC |  | Accounting Standards Codification
ASU |  | Accounting standards update
Board |  | Board of directors
BPS |  | Basis points
CAD |  | Canadian Dollar ($)
CPO |  | Certified pre-owned
DFC |  | Driveway Finance Corporation
EBITDA |  | Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
EPS |  | Earnings per share
FASB |  | Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP |  | Generally accepted accounting principles
LAD |  | Lithia and Driveway
NCI |  | Non-controlling interest
NM |  | Not meaningful
NYSE |  | New York Stock Exchange
PINE.L |  | Pinewood Technologies Group PLC
PPA |  | Purchase price allocation
QTD |  | Quarter-to-date
RSU |  | Restricted stock units
SEC |  | Securities and Exchange Commission
SG&A |  | Selling, general, and administrative
U.K. |  | United Kingdom
U.S. |  | United States of America
USB |  | US Bank National Association
YTD |  | Year-to-date

|  | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 2 |

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions; Unaudited) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents | $404.4 |  | $402.2
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6.0 and $2.3 | 1,235.3 |  | 1,237.0
Inventories, net | 6,061.9 |  | 5,911.7
Other current assets | 240.2 |  | 223.0
Total current assets | 7,941.8 |  | 7,773.9
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $920.2 and $825.5 | 4,727.7 |  | 4,629.9
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 671.1 |  | 658.7
Finance receivables, net of allowance for estimated losses of $135.1 and $123.4 | 4,309.5 |  | 3,868.2
Goodwill | 2,453.3 |  | 2,115.5
Franchise value | 2,788.5 |  | 2,550.3
Other non-current assets | 1,269.1 |  | 1,526.1
Total assets | $24,161.0 |  | $23,122.6
Liabilities and equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Floor plan notes payable | $2,163.3 |  | $2,055.1
Floor plan notes payable: non-trade | 2,724.7 |  | 2,848.0
Current maturities of long-term debt | 70.9 |  | 134.0
Current maturities of non-recourse notes payable | 6.4 |  | 58.1
Trade payables | 371.4 |  | 333.7
Accrued liabilities | 1,176.8 |  | 1,122.2
Total current liabilities | 6,513.5 |  | 6,551.1
Long-term debt, less current maturities | 6,689.3 |  | 6,119.3
Non-recourse notes payable, less current maturities | 2,035.6 |  | 2,051.2
Deferred revenue | 446.9 |  | 414.2
Deferred income taxes | 491.2 |  | 397.1
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 609.7 |  | 596.5
Other long-term liabilities | 363.8 |  | 319.1
Total liabilities | 17,150.0 |  | 16,448.5
Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock - no par value; authorized 15.0 shares; none outstanding | — |  | —
Common stock - no par value; authorized 125.0 shares; issued and outstanding 25.7 and 26.4 | 568.8 |  | 793.1
Additional paid-in capital | 110.2 |  | 107.2
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 116.6 |  | (3.6)
Retained earnings | 6,190.9 |  | 5,753.5
Total stockholders’ equity - Lithia Motors, Inc. | 6,986.5 |  | 6,650.2
Non-controlling interest | 24.5 |  | 23.9
Total equity | 7,011.0 |  | 6,674.1
Total liabilities, non-controlling interest, and equity | $24,161.0 |  | $23,122.6

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

|  | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 3 |

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts; Unaudited) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | $4,498.4 |  | $4,403.7 |  | $8,878.6 |  | $8,417.8
Used vehicle retail | 3,094.8 |  | 2,986.0 |  | 6,013.9 |  | 5,786.8
Used vehicle wholesale | 383.1 |  | 289.5 |  | 714.1 |  | 627.2
Finance and insurance | 373.8 |  | 360.9 |  | 738.1 |  | 701.5
Aftersales | 1,023.4 |  | 950.7 |  | 2,002.5 |  | 1,863.5
Fleet and other | 209.5 |  | 241.0 |  | 414.0 |  | 396.8
Total revenues | 9,583.0 |  | 9,231.8 |  | 18,761.2 |  | 17,793.6
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | 4,198.9 |  | 4,082.9 |  | 8,301.7 |  | 7,801.7
Used vehicle retail | 2,886.5 |  | 2,790.4 |  | 5,615.7 |  | 5,408.5
Used vehicle wholesale | 386.5 |  | 289.0 |  | 719.1 |  | 627.7
Aftersales | 433.1 |  | 421.3 |  | 850.7 |  | 832.1
Fleet and other | 192.9 |  | 224.3 |  | 378.6 |  | 364.5
Total cost of sales | 8,097.9 |  | 7,807.9 |  | 15,865.8 |  | 15,034.5
Gross profit | 1,485.1 |  | 1,423.9 |  | 2,895.4 |  | 2,759.1
Finance operations income | 20.1 |  | 7.2 |  | 32.6 |  | 5.4
Selling, general and administrative | 1,014.7 |  | 975.2 |  | 1,967.4 |  | 1,909.5
Depreciation and amortization | 65.2 |  | 62.3 |  | 129.0 |  | 120.0
Operating profit | 425.3 |  | 393.6 |  | 831.6 |  | 735.0
Floor plan interest expense | (55.0) |  | (76.6) |  | (112.0) |  | (137.3)
Other interest expense, net | (66.7) |  | (61.2) |  | (132.2) |  | (124.8)
Other income, net | 48.5 |  | 27.0 |  | 49.3 |  | 30.4
Income before income taxes | 352.1 |  | 282.8 |  | 636.7 |  | 503.3
Income tax provision | (93.9) |  | (66.2) |  | (167.3) |  | (121.8)
Net income | 258.2 |  | 216.6 |  | 469.4 |  | 381.5
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | (2.1) |  | (1.0) |  | (3.8) |  | (2.5)
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | — |  | (1.4) |  | — |  | (2.3)
Net income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $256.1 |  | $214.2 |  | $465.6 |  | $376.7
Basic earnings per share attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. common stockholders | $9.89 |  | $7.88 |  | $17.83 |  | $13.77
Shares used in basic per share calculations | 25.9 |  | 27.2 |  | 26.1 |  | 27.4
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. common stockholders | $9.87 |  | $7.87 |  | $17.80 |  | $13.75
Shares used in diluted per share calculations | 25.9 |  | 27.2 |  | 26.2 |  | 27.4
Cash dividends paid per share | $0.55 |  | $0.53 |  | $1.08 |  | $1.03

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

|  | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 4 |

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions; Unaudited) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net income | $258.2 |  | $216.6 |  | $469.4 |  | $381.5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 83.4 |  | (0.9) |  | 119.4 |  | (17.1)
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities, net of tax (provision) benefit of $(0.0), $0.1, $(0.1), and $0.1, respectively | 0.2 |  | (0.2) |  | 0.5 |  | (0.4)
(Loss) gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit (provision) of $0.2, $—, $(0.1) and $—, respectively | (0.5) |  | — |  | 0.3 |  | —
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 83.1 |  | (1.1) |  | 120.2 |  | (17.5)
Comprehensive income | 341.3 |  | 215.5 |  | 589.6 |  | 364.0
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest | (2.1) |  | (1.0) |  | (3.8) |  | (2.5)
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non- controlling interest | — |  | (1.4) |  | — |  | (2.3)
Comprehensive income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $339.2 |  | $213.1 |  | $585.8 |  | $359.2

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

|  | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 5 |

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NON- CONTROLLING INTEREST
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions; Unaudited) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Total equity, beginning balances | $6,782.2 |  | $6,376.7 |  | $6,674.1 |  | $6,238.9
Common stock, beginning balances | 679.4 |  | 1,117.8 |  | 793.1 |  | 1,100.6
Stock-based compensation | 1.6 |  | 1.7 |  | 28.1 |  | 28.3
Issuance of stock in connection with employee stock purchase plans | 8.0 |  | 8.1 |  | 13.5 |  | 13.8
Repurchase of common stock, including excise tax | (120.2) |  | (203.6) |  | (265.9) |  | (218.7)
Common stock, ending balances | 568.8 |  | 924.0 |  | 568.8 |  | 924.0
Additional paid-in capital, beginning balances | 95.8 |  | 67.8 |  | 107.2 |  | 79.9
Stock-based compensation | 14.4 |  | 11.7 |  | 3.0 |  | (0.4)
Additional paid-in capital, ending balances | 110.2 |  | 79.5 |  | 110.2 |  | 79.5
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning balances | 33.5 |  | 3.7 |  | (3.6) |  | 20.1
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 83.4 |  | (0.9) |  | 119.4 |  | (17.1)
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities, net of tax (provision) benefit of $0.0, $0.1, $(0.1), and $0.1, respectively | 0.2 |  | (0.2) |  | 0.5 |  | (0.4)
(Loss) gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit (provision) of $0.2, $—, $(0.1), and $—, respectively | (0.5) |  | — |  | 0.3 |  | —
Accumulated other comprehensive income, ending balances | 116.6 |  | 2.6 |  | 116.6 |  | 2.6
Retained earnings, beginning balances | 5,949.1 |  | 5,162.1 |  | 5,753.5 |  | 5,013.3
Net income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | 256.1 |  | 214.2 |  | 465.6 |  | 376.7
Dividends paid | (14.3) |  | (14.5) |  | (28.2) |  | (28.2)
Retained earnings, ending balances | 6,190.9 |  | 5,361.8 |  | 6,190.9 |  | 5,361.8
Non-controlling interest, beginning balances | 24.4 |  | 25.3 |  | 23.9 |  | 25.0
Distribution of non-controlling interest | (2.0) |  | (1.8) |  | (3.2) |  | (3.0)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 2.1 |  | 1.0 |  | 3.8 |  | 2.5
Non-controlling interest, ending balances | 24.5 |  | 24.5 |  | 24.5 |  | 24.5
Total equity, ending balances | $7,011.0 |  | $6,392.4 |  | $7,011.0 |  | $6,392.4
Redeemable non-controlling interest, beginning balances | $— |  | $44.9 |  | $— |  | $44.0
Distribution of redeemable non-controlling interest | — |  | (0.1) |  | — |  | (0.1)
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | — |  | 1.4 |  | — |  | 2.3
Redeemable non-controlling interest, ending balances | $— |  | $46.2 |  | $— |  | $46.2

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

|  | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 6 |

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions; Unaudited) | 2025 |  | 2024
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $469.4 |  | $381.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 158.1 |  | 165.4
Stock-based compensation | 31.1 |  | 27.8
Net loss on disposal of other assets | 2.6 |  | 1.5
Net gain on disposal of stores | (2.3) |  | (0.1)
Unrealized investment gain, net | (31.4) |  | (29.7)
Deferred income taxes | 62.5 |  | 42.0
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | 46.1 |  | 46.4
Decrease (increase) (net of acquisitions and dispositions): |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | 36.0 |  | (2.9)
Inventories | (19.7) |  | (544.1)
Finance receivables | (432.1) |  | (386.9)
Other assets | (99.6) |  | (62.0)
Increase (decrease) (net of acquisitions and dispositions): |  |  |
Floor plan notes payable | 26.4 |  | 384.4
Trade payables | 25.9 |  | 54.4
Accrued liabilities | 11.5 |  | 69.1
Other long-term liabilities and deferred revenue | 46.9 |  | (2.8)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 331.4 |  | 144.0
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (148.8) |  | (209.7)
Proceeds from sales of assets | 17.9 |  | 4.0
Net cash used for other investments | (10.4) |  | (146.8)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (278.6) |  | (1,169.5)
Proceeds from sales of stores | 104.4 |  | 6.9
Net cash used in investing activities | (315.5) |  | (1,515.1)
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
(Repayments) borrowings on floor plan notes payable, net: non-trade | (141.2) |  | 444.5
Borrowings on lines of credit | 7,406.0 |  | 7,226.6
Repayments on lines of credit | (6,818.4) |  | (6,767.9)
Principal payments on long-term debt and finance lease liabilities, scheduled | (20.0) |  | (18.9)
Principal payments on long-term debt and finance lease liabilities, other | (15.4) |  | (15.1)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — |  | 179.8
Principal payments on non-recourse notes payable | (631.4) |  | (418.8)
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse notes payable | 564.0 |  | 739.0
Payment of debt issuance costs | (2.6) |  | (5.0)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 13.6 |  | 13.8
Repurchase of common stock | (263.3) |  | (217.2)
Dividends paid | (28.2) |  | (28.2)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions | (9.3) |  | (11.9)
Other financing activity | (67.3) |  | (3.1)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (13.5) |  | 1,117.6
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents | 7.4 |  | (3.1)
Increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents | 9.8 |  | (256.6)
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 445.8 |  | 972.0
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents at end of period | $455.6 |  | $715.4

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

|  | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 7 |

Table of Contents

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
| Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024
Reconciliation of cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents to the consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents | $202.8 |  | $516.4
Restricted cash from collections on auto loans receivable and customer deposits | 201.6 |  | 158.4
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents | 404.4 |  | 674.8
Restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts, included in other non-current assets | 51.2 |  | 40.6
Total cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $455.6 |  | $715.4
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for interest | $351.2 |  | $357.2
Cash paid during the period for income taxes, net | 66.8 |  | 113.9
Debt paid in connection with store disposals | 10.2 |  | 5.9
Non-cash activities: |  |  |
Debt assumed in connection with acquisitions | $— |  | $868.1
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | 27.7 |  | 304.0
Non-cash adjustments to share repurchases | 2.6 |  | —

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

|  | NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 8 |

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Basis of Presentation
These Consolidated Financial Statements contain unaudited information as of June 30, 2025, and for the three and
six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared
pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain disclosures required by
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements are not
included herein. In management’s opinion, these unaudited financial statements reflect all adjustments (which
include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the information when read in
conjunction with our 2024 audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto. The financial
information as of December 31, 2024, is derived from our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on
February 24, 2025. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the
results to be expected for the full year.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying Consolidated
Financial Statements to maintain consistency and comparability between periods presented. Within our financing
operations income, we disaggregated our lease income out of our previously reported interest, fee, and lease
income to be its own separately presented line item, as well as revised the related lease depreciation and
amortization to now be reported as lease costs, reclassifying amounts previously reported net within lease income.
Correction of an Error
In the three months ended March 31, 2025, we identified an immaterial error related to interest and fee income
recognition in our previously issued financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. As a result,
retained earnings and finance receivables were overstated, and prepaid income taxes were understated.
In accordance with ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, we corrected this error by retrospectively
restating the affected prior periods in this Form 10-Q.
The following tables summarize the impact of the correction on our Consolidated Financial Statements:

| December 31, 2024
(In millions) | As Previously Reported | Adjustment | As Restated
Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |  |
Other current assets | $221.3 | $1.7 | $223.0
Total current assets | 7,772.2 | 1.7 | 7,773.9
Finance receivables, net | 3,875.2 | (7.0) | 3,868.2
Total assets | 23,127.9 | (5.3) | 23,122.6
Retained earnings | 5,758.8 | (5.3) | 5,753.5
Total stockholders’ equity - Lithia Motors, Inc. | 6,655.5 | (5.3) | 6,650.2
Total equity | 6,679.4 | (5.3) | 6,674.1
Total liabilities, non-controlling interest, and equity | 23,127.9 | (5.3) | 23,122.6

|  | NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 9 |

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NOTE 2. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

(In millions) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Contracts in transit | $481.7 |  | $497.4
Trade receivables | 158.1 |  | 166.5
Vehicle receivables | 269.1 |  | 243.7
Manufacturer receivables | 299.1 |  | 306.3
Other receivables, current | 33.3 |  | 25.4
| 1,241.3 |  | 1,239.3
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (6.0) |  | (2.3)
Total accounts receivable, net | $1,235.3 |  | $1,237.0

The long-term portion of other receivables was included as a component of Other non-current assets in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets.
NOTE 3. INVENTORIES AND FLOOR PLAN NOTES PAYABLE
The components of inventories, net, consisted of the following:

(In millions) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
New vehicles | $3,477.7 |  | $3,555.3
Used vehicles | 2,314.9 |  | 2,085.6
Parts and accessories | 269.3 |  | 270.8
Total inventories | $6,061.9 |  | $5,911.7

Vehicle inventory costs are generally reduced by manufacturer holdbacks and incentives, while the related floor plan
notes payable are reflective of the gross cost of the vehicle.

(In millions) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Floor plan notes payable | $2,163.3 |  | $2,055.1
Floor plan notes payable: non-trade | 2,724.7 |  | 2,848.0
Total floor plan debt | $4,888.0 |  | $4,903.1

NOTE 4. FINANCE RECEIVABLES
Interest income on finance receivables is recognized based on the contractual terms of each receivable and is
accrued until repayment, reaching non-accrual status, charge-off, or repossession. Direct costs associated with
originations are capitalized and expensed as an offset to interest income when recognized on the receivables.
The balances of finance receivables are made up of loans and finance leases secured by the related vehicles. More
than 99% of the portfolio is aged less than 60 days past due with less than 1% on non-accrual status.
Finance Receivables, net

(In millions) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Asset-backed term funding | $2,553.0 |  | $2,604.9
Warehouse facilities | 1,522.7 |  | 1,052.0
Other managed receivables | 346.4 |  | 314.2
Total finance receivables | 4,422.1 |  | 3,971.1
Accrued interest and fees | 22.5 |  | 20.5
Less: Allowance for credit losses | (135.1) |  | (123.4)
Finance receivables, net | $4,309.5 |  | $3,868.2

|  | NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 10 |

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Finance Receivables by FICO Score

| As of June 30, 2025
| Year of Origination
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Prior to 2021 |  | Total
<599 | $25.9 |  | $44.3 |  | $30.3 |  | $16.7 |  | $6.9 |  | $0.8 |  | $124.9
600-699 | 323.4 |  | 454.0 |  | 321.8 |  | 231.4 |  | 65.9 |  | 5.4 |  | 1,401.9
700-774 | 407.9 |  | 469.0 |  | 323.7 |  | 222.6 |  | 29.2 |  | 2.2 |  | 1,454.6
775+ | 422.4 |  | 424.0 |  | 255.3 |  | 136.5 |  | 6.8 |  | 0.7 |  | 1,245.7
Total auto loan receivables | $1,179.6 |  | $1,391.3 |  | $931.1 |  | $607.2 |  | $108.8 |  | $9.1 |  | 4,227.1
Other finance receivables 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 195.0
Total finance receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $4,422.1

|  |  | As of December 31, 2024
|  |  | Year of Origination
($ in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Total
<599 | $53.0 |  | $39.7 |  | $22.4 |  | $9.9 |  | $1.4 |  | $126.4
600-699 | 534.1 |  | 406.2 |  | 298.8 |  | 90.2 |  | 8.3 |  | 1,337.6
700-774 | 560.2 |  | 402.5 |  | 284.9 |  | 39.5 |  | 3.2 |  | 1,290.3
775+ | 528.1 |  | 324.9 |  | 176.6 |  | 9.1 |  | 1.3 |  | 1,040.0
Total auto loan receivables | $1,675.4 |  | $1,173.3 |  | $782.7 |  | $148.7 |  | $14.2 |  | 3,794.3
Other finance receivables 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176.8
Total finance receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $3,971.1

1 Includes legacy portfolio, loans that are originated with no FICO score available, lease receivables, and deferred origination
fees.
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 326, the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables is estimated based
on our historical write-off experience, current conditions and forecasts, as well as the value of any underlying assets
securing these receivables. Consideration is given to recent delinquency trends and recovery rates. Account
balances are charged against the allowance upon reaching 120 days past due status.
Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Losses on Finance Receivables
Our allowance for credit losses on finance receivables represents the net credit losses expected over the remaining
contractual life of our managed receivables. The allowance for credit losses on finance receivables consisted of the
following changes during the period:

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024
Allowance at beginning of period | $123.4 |  | $106.4
Charge-offs | (79.2) |  | (65.6)
Recoveries | 44.6 |  | 30.1
Sold loans | — |  | (0.3)
Provision expense | 46.7 |  | 45.2
Currency translation | (0.4) |  | —
Allowance at end of period | $135.1 |  | $115.8

Charge-off Activity by Year of Origination

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024
2025 | $0.7 |  | $—
2024 | 24.1 |  | 0.6
2023 | 26.7 |  | 27.4
2022 | 19.1 |  | 26.2
2021 | 5.3 |  | 9.1
2020 and prior | 0.3 |  | —
Other finance receivables 1 | 3.0 |  | 2.3
Total charge-offs | $79.2 |  | $65.6

1 Includes legacy portfolio, loans that are originated with no FICO score available, and finance lease receivables.

|  | NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 11 |

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NOTE 5. GOODWILL AND FRANCHISE VALUE
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill are as follows:

(In millions) | Vehicle Operations |  | Financing Operations |  | Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $1,913.0 |  | $17.6 |  | $1,930.6
Adjustments to purchase price allocations 2 | 47.7 |  | — |  | 47.7
Additions through acquisitions 1 | 167.0 |  | — |  | 167.0
Reductions through disposals | (22.1) |  | — |  | (22.1)
Currency translation | (6.3) |  | (1.4) |  | (7.7)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 2,099.3 |  | 16.2 |  | 2,115.5
Additions through acquisitions 3 | 347.9 |  | — |  | 347.9
Reductions through disposals | (31.8) |  | — |  | (31.8)
Currency translation | 20.8 |  | 0.9 |  | 21.7
Balance as of June 30, 2025 | $2,436.2 |  | $17.1 |  | $2,453.3

1 Our purchase price allocations (PPA) for the 2023 acquisitions were finalized in 2024. As a result, we added $146.6 million
of goodwill. Preliminary PPA for a portion of our 2024 acquisitions resulted in adding $20.4 million of goodwill. Our PPA for
the remaining 2024 acquisitions are preliminary and goodwill is not yet allocated to our segments. These amounts are
included in other non-current assets until we finalize our purchase accounting. See Note 12 – Acquisitions.
2 Our PPA for a portion of the 2023 acquisitions recognized in 2023 was adjusted and finalized in 2024 upon the completion of
our fair value adjustments for assumed contract liabilities, acquired loan portfolio, and contingent consideration, adding
$47.7 million of goodwill.
3 Our PPA for a portion of the 2024 acquisitions were finalized in 2025. As a result, we added $347.9 million of goodwill. Our
PPA for the remainder of the 2024 acquisitions and 2025 acquisitions are preliminary and goodwill is not yet allocated to our
segments. These amounts are included in other non-current assets until we finalize our purchase accounting. See Note 12 –
Acquisitions.
The changes in the carrying amounts of franchise value are as follows:

(In millions) | Franchise Value
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $2,402.2
Additions through acquisitions 1 | 172.5
Reductions through divestitures | (9.5)
Currency translation | (14.9)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 2,550.3
Additions through acquisitions 2 | 218.0
Reductions through divestitures | (8.1)
Currency translation | 28.3
Balance as of June 30, 2025 | $2,788.5

1 Our PPA for the 2023 acquisitions were finalized in 2024. As a result, we added $172.5 million of franchise value. Our PPA
for 2024 acquisitions is preliminary and franchise value is not yet allocated. These amounts are included in other non-current
assets until we finalize our purchase accounting. See Note 12 – Acquisitions.
2 Our PPA for a portion of the 2024 acquisitions were finalized in 2025. As a result, we added $218.0 million of franchise
value. Our PPA for the remainder of the 2024 acquisitions and 2025 acquisitions are preliminary and franchise value is not
yet allocated. These amounts are included in other non-current assets until we finalize our purchase accounting. See
Note 12 – Acquisitions.
NOTE 6. INVESTMENTS
Marketable Securities
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, marketable equity securities recorded within other current assets in
the Consolidated Balance Sheets were $2.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Net unrealized gains recognized
during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 on marketable equity securities held at the reporting date
were $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

|  | NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 12 |

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Marketable debt securities accounted for as AFS, and recorded within Other current assets in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets, were as follows:

| As of June 30, 2025
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value of Securities with Contractual Maturities
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Total Net Gains 1 |  | Total Net Losses 1 |  | Fair Value |  | Within 1 Year |  | After 1 Year through 5 Years |  | After 5 Years
U.S. Treasury | $18.5 |  | $0.1 |  | $— |  | $18.6 |  | $3.6 |  | $11.6 |  | $3.4
Municipal securities | 8.6 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 8.7 |  | — |  | 7.4 |  | 1.3
Corporate debt | 22.3 |  | 0.2 |  | — |  | 22.5 |  | 4.4 |  | 13.4 |  | 4.7
Total | $49.4 |  | $0.4 |  | $— |  | $49.8 |  | $8.0 |  | $32.4 |  | $9.4

| As of December 31, 2024
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value of Securities with Contractual Maturities
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Total Net Gains 1 |  | Total Net Losses 1 |  | Fair Value |  | Within 1 Year |  | After 1 Year through 5 Years |  | After 5 Years
U.S. Treasury | $20.4 |  | $— |  | $(0.2) |  | $20.2 |  | $3.4 |  | $13.8 |  | $3.1
Municipal securities | 10.0 |  | — |  | — |  | 10.0 |  | 1.5 |  | 7.0 |  | 1.5
Corporate debt | 21.0 |  | — |  | (0.1) |  | 20.9 |  | 4.2 |  | 13.7 |  | 2.9
Total | $51.4 |  | $— |  | $(0.3) |  | $51.1 |  | $9.1 |  | $34.5 |  | $7.5

1 Represents total unrealized gains (losses) for securities with net gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive
income.
Proceeds from the maturity of AFS debt securities were $5.5 million and $6.2 million for the three and six-months
ended June 30, 2025. There were no gross realized gains or losses on the maturity of AFS debt securities for the
three and six-months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Contract Liabilities
We are the obligor on our lifetime oil and at home valet contracts. Revenue is allocated to these performance
obligations and is recognized over time as services are provided to the customer. The amount of revenue
recognized is calculated, net of cancellations, using an input method, which most closely depicts performance of the
contracts. Our contract liability balances were $440.1 million and $410.4 million as of June 30, 2025, and
December 31, 2024, respectively; and we recognized $38.7 million and $78.7 million of revenue in the three and six
months ended June 30, 2025 related to our contract liability balance at December 31, 2024. Our contract liability
balance is included in Accrued liabilities and Deferred revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Litigation
We are party to numerous legal proceedings arising in the normal course of our business. Although we do not
anticipate that the resolution of legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business will have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, we cannot predict this with
certainty.

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NOTE 8. DEBT
Non-Recourse Notes Payable
In 2025, we issued $564.0 million in non-recourse notes payable related to asset-backed term funding transactions.
Below is a summary of outstanding non-recourse notes payable issued:

($ in millions) | Balance as of June 30, 2025 | Initial Principal Amount | Issuance Date | Interest Rate Range | Final Distribution Date
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2021-1 Class A-D | $24.1 | $344.4 | 11/24/21 | 2.35% to 3.99% | Various dates through Nov 2029
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2022-1 Class A-C | 52.9 | 298.1 | 08/17/22 | 5.21% to 6.85% | Various dates through Apr 2030
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2023-1 Class A-D | 119.4 | 479.7 | 02/14/23 | 5.48% to 7.30% | Various dates through Jun 2030
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2023-2 Class A-D | 174.3 | 556.7 | 05/24/23 | 5.42% to 6.30% | Various dates through Feb 2031
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2023-3 Class A-D | 162.0 | 415.4 | 08/23/23 | 5.95% to 6.92% | Various dates through Dec 2030
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2023-4 Class A-D | 184.8 | 421.2 | 11/15/23 | 6.10% to 7.37% | Various dates through Apr 2031
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2024-1 Class A-D | 167.5 | 329.4 | 02/14/24 | 5.17% to 6.15% | Various dates through Jun 2031
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2024-2 Class A-D | 250.9 | $409.6 | 06/20/24 | 5.46% to 6.37% | Various dates through Oct 2031
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2024-3 Class A-D | 438.3 | $614.9 | 11/15/24 | 4.52% to 5.18% | Various dates through Feb 2032
LAD Auto Receivables Trust 2025-1 Class A-D | $467.8 | $564.0 | 02/12/25 | 4.51% to 5.52% | Various dates through May 2032
Total non-recourse notes payable | $2,042.0 | $4,433.4 |  |  |

NOTE 9. RETIREMENT PLANS AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
Company-Sponsored Defined Benefit Pension Plan
We maintain two company-sponsored defined benefit plans applicable to a portion of salaried past and present
team members, which are closed to future accrual.
Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost
Interest cost represents the increase in the projected benefit obligation, which is a discounted amount, due to the
passage of time. The expected return on plan assets reflects the computed amount of current-year earnings from
the investment of plan assets using an estimated long-term rate of return.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Interest cost | $8.4 |  | $5.6 |  | $16.8 |  | $13.2
Expected return on plan assets | (10.8) |  | (6.2) |  | (21.7) |  | (14.4)
Net periodic benefit | $(2.4) |  | $(0.6) |  | $(4.9) |  | $(1.2)

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, funding of pension plans was $7.9 million. For the remainder of 2025,
we estimate approximately $4.0 million of cash contributions.
NOTE 10. EQUITY
Repurchases of Common Stock
Repurchases of our common stock occurred under a repurchase authorization granted by our Board and related to
shares withheld as part of the vesting of RSUs.

|  | NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 14 |

Table of Contents
On March 4, 2025, our Board approved an additional $350 million repurchase authorization of our common stock.
This authorization is in addition to the amount previously authorized by the Board for repurchase. Share
repurchases under our authorization were as follows:

| Repurchases Occurring in 2025 |  | Cumulative Repurchases as of June 30, 2025
| Shares |  | Average Price 1 |  | Shares |  | Average Price
Share Repurchase Authorization | 790,775 |  | $316.44 |  | 9,067,788 |  | $201.95

1 Price exclude s excise taxes imposed under the Inflation Reduction Act of $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30,
2025.
As of June 30, 2025, we had $568.8 million available for repurchases pursuant to our share repurchase
authorizations from our Board in 2025 and prior ye ars.
I n addition, during 2025, we repurchased 36,466 shares at an average price of $357.26 per share, for a total of
$13.0 million, related to tax withholding associated with the vesting of RSUs. The repurchase of shares related to
tax withholding associated with stock awards does not reduce the number of shares available for repurchase as
approved by our Board.
NOTE 11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Factors used in determining the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities are summarized into three broad
categories:
•Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical securities;
•Level 2 - other significant observable inputs, including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates,
prepayment spreads, credit risk; and
•Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs, including our own assumptions in determining fair value.
We determined the carrying value of cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, trade payables,
accrued liabilities, finance receivables, and short-term borrowings approximate their fair values because of the
nature of their terms and current market rates of these instruments. We believe the carrying value of our variable
rate debt approximates fair value.
We have money market securities, which include restricted cash from collections on finance receivables, recorded
as a component of Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as
restricted cash on deposit in reserve accounts, recorded as a component of Other non-current assets in our
Consolidated Balance Sheets. These money market securities consist of highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less and are classified as Level 1.
We have investments consisting of equity securities, available for sale debt securities, and equity method
investments with a fair value election. We calculated the estimated fair value of the equity securities, equity method
investments, and U.S. Treasury debt securities using quoted market prices (Level 1). The fair value of corporate and
municipal debt securities are measured using observable Level 2 market expectations at each measurement date.
See Note 6 – Investments.
We have fixed rate debt primarily consisting of amounts outstanding under our senior notes, non-recourse notes
payable, and real estate mortgages. We calculated the estimated fair value of the senior notes using quoted prices
for the identical liability (Level 1). The fair value of non-recourse notes payable are measured using observable
Level 2 market expectations at each measurement date. The calculated estimated fair values of the fixed rate real
estate mortgages and finance lease liabilities use a discounted cash flow methodology with estimated current
interest rates based on a similar risk profile and duration (Level 2). The fixed cash flows are discounted and
summed to compute the fair value of the debt.
We have derivative instruments consisting of an offsetting set of interest rate caps. The fair value of derivative
assets and liabilities are measured using observable Level 2 market expectations at each measurement date and is
recorded as other current assets, current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.

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Nonfinancial assets such as goodwill, franchise value, or other long-lived assets are measured and recorded at fair
value during a business combination or when there is an indicator of impairment. We evaluate our goodwill and
franchise value using a qualitative assessment process. If the qualitative factors determine that it is more likely than
not that the carrying value exceeds the fair value, we would further evaluate for potential impairment using a
quantitative assessment. The quantitative assessment estimates fair values using unobservable (Level 3) inputs by
discounting expected future cash flows of the store for franchise value, or reporting unit for goodwill. The forecasted
cash flows contain inherent uncertainties, including significant estimates and assumptions related to growth rates,
margins, working capital requirements, and cost of capital, for which we utilize certain market participant-based
assumptions we believe to be reasonable. We estimate the value of other long-lived assets that are recorded at fair
value on a non-recurring basis on a market valuation approach. We use prices and other relevant information
generated primarily by recent market transactions involving similar or comparable assets, as well as our historical
experience in divestitures, acquisitions and real estate transactions. Additionally, we may use a cost valuation
approach to value long-lived assets when a market valuation approach is unavailable. Under this approach, we
determine the cost to replace the service capacity of an asset, adjusted for physical and economic obsolescence.
When available, we use valuation inputs from independent valuation experts, such as real estate appraisers and
brokers, to corroborate our estimates of fair value. Real estate appraisers’ and brokers’ valuations are typically
developed using one or more valuation techniques including market, income and replacement cost approaches.
Because these valuations contain unobservable inputs, we classified the measurement of fair value of long-lived
assets as Level 3.
There were no changes to our valuation techniques during the six-month period ended June 30, 2025.
Below are our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value:

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions) | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Recorded at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash - collections | $100.7 |  | $100.7 |  | $— |  | $— |  | $97.6 |  | $97.6 |  | $— |  | $—
Restricted cash - reserve | 33.7 |  | 33.7 |  | — |  | — |  | 30.7 |  | 30.7 |  | — |  | —
Total money market funds | $134.4 |  | $134.4 |  | $— |  | $— |  | $128.3 |  | $128.3 |  | $— |  | $—
Equity securities | $2.2 |  | $2.2 |  | $— |  | $— |  | $2.2 |  | $2.2 |  | $— |  | $—
U.S. Treasury | $18.6 |  | $18.6 |  | $— |  | $— |  | $20.2 |  | $20.2 |  | $— |  | $—
Municipal debt | 8.7 |  | — |  | 8.7 |  | — |  | 10.0 |  | — |  | 10.0 |  | —
Corporate debt | 22.5 |  | — |  | 22.5 |  | — |  | 20.9 |  | — |  | 20.9 |  | —
Total debt securities | $49.8 |  | $18.6 |  | $31.2 |  | $— |  | $51.1 |  | $20.2 |  | $30.9 |  | $—
Equity Method Investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PINE.L | $135.9 |  | $135.9 |  | $— |  | $— |  | $100.0 |  | $100.0 |  | $— |  | $—
Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets | $2.2 |  | $— |  | $2.2 |  | $— |  | $4.5 |  | $— |  | $4.5 |  | $—
Derivative liabilities | 2.2 |  | — |  | 2.2 |  | — |  | 4.5 |  | — |  | 4.5 |  | —
Recorded at historical value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate debt 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.625% Senior notes due 2027 | $400.0 |  | $395.0 |  | $— |  | $— |  | $400.0 |  | $385.0 |  | $— |  | $—
4.375% Senior notes due 2031 | 550.0 |  | 522.5 |  | — |  | — |  | 550.0 |  | 500.5 |  | — |  | —
3.875% Senior notes due 2029 | 800.0 |  | 762.0 |  | — |  | — |  | 800.0 |  | 732.0 |  | — |  | —
Non-recourse notes payable | 2,042.0 |  | — |  | 2,052.9 |  | — |  | 2,109.3 |  | — |  | 2,115.7 |  | —
Real estate mortgages and other debt | 670.5 |  | — |  | 660.3 |  | — |  | 698.0 |  | — |  | 701.3 |  | —

1 Excluding unamortized debt issuance costs

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NOTE 12. ACQUISITIONS
In the first six months of 2025, we completed the following acquisitions:
•In January 2025, Stohlman Subaru in Virginia.
•In March 2025, Elk Grove Subaru in California.
•In June 2025, Collierville Mercedes-Benz in Tennessee.
•In June 2025, Jackson Mercedes-Benz in Mississippi.
The acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The
results of operations of the acquired stores are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of
acquisition.
Revenue and operating income contributed by the 2025 acquisitions subsequent to the date of acquisition were as
follows (in millions):

Six Months Ended June 30, | 2025
Revenue | $61.9
Operating income | 3.5

The following tables summarize the consideration paid for the 2025 acquisitions and the PPA for identified assets
acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

(In millions) | Consideration
Cash paid, net of cash acquired | $278.6
Total consideration transferred | $278.6

(In millions) | Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
Inventories, net | $62.8
Property and equipment | 62.0
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 0.2
Other assets | 153.9
Operating lease liabilities | (0.2)
Other liabilities and deferred revenue | (0.1)
Total net assets acquired and liabilities assumed | $278.6

The PPA for the 2025 acquisitions is preliminary, as we have not obtained and evaluated all of the detailed
information necessary to finalize the opening balance sheet amounts in all respects. We recorded the PPA based
upon information that is currently available and recorded unallocated items as a component of Other non-current
assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We expect all of the goodwill related to the acquisitions in 2025 to be deductible for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
In the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025, we recorded $0.1 million and $0.3 million in acquisition-
related expenses as a component of SG&A expense. Comparatively, we recorded $1.8 million and $9.5 million o f
acquisition-related expenses in the same periods of 2024.
The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information as if all acquisitions in the three and
six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 had occurred on January 1, 2024:

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| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenue | $9,624.7 |  | $9,318.8 |  | $18,868.7 |  | $17,960.8
Net income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | 260.1 |  | 219.5 |  | 473.5 |  | 387.0
Basic EPS attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. common stockholders | 10.04 |  | 8.07 |  | 18.13 |  | 14.14
Diluted EPS attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. common stockholders | 10.02 |  | 8.06 |  | 18.10 |  | 14.12

These amounts have been calculated by applying our accounting policies and estimates. The results of the acquired
stores have been adjusted to reflect the following: depreciation on a straight-line basis over the expected lives for
property and equipment, accounting for inventory on a specific identification method, and recognition of interest
expense for real estate financing related to stores where we purchased the facility. No nonrecurring proforma
adjustments directly attributable to the acquisitions are included in the reported proforma revenues and earning s.
NOTE 13. EARNINGS PER SHARE
We calculate basic EPS by dividing net income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. by the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding for the period, including vested RSU awards. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net
income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for the
dilutive effect of unvested RSU awards and employee stock purchases.
The following is a reconciliation of net income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. and weighted average shares used
for our basic EPS and diluted EPS:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net income attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $256.1 |  | $214.2 |  | $465.6 |  | $376.7
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | 25.9 |  | 27.2 |  | 26.1 |  | 27.4
Effect of employee stock purchases and restricted stock units on weighted average common shares outstanding | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | —
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | 25.9 |  | 27.2 |  | 26.2 |  | 27.4
Basic EPS attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. common stockholders | $9.89 |  | $7.88 |  | $17.83 |  | $13.77
Diluted EPS attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. common stockholders | $9.87 |  | $7.87 |  | $17.80 |  | $13.75

The effect of antidilutive securities on common stock was evaluated for the three and six-month periods ended
June 30, 2025 and 2024 and was determined to be immaterial.
NOTE 14. SEGMENTS
We operate in two reportable segments: Vehicle Operations and Financing Operations. Our Vehicle Operations
consists of all aspects of our auto merchandising and aftersales operations, excluding financing provided by our
Financing Operations. Our Financing Operations segment provides financing to customers buying and leasing retail
vehicles from our Vehicle Operations, as well as leasing vehicles from our fleet management services provider.
All other remaining unallocated corporate overhead expenses and internal charges are reported under Corporate
and Other. Asset information by segment is not utilized for purposes of assessing performance or allocating
resources and, as a result, such information has not been presented.
The reportable segments identified above represent our business activities for which discrete financial information is
available and for which operating results are regularly provided and reviewed by our CODM to allocate resources
and assess performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. The CODM assesses segment performance
using segment income, which is measured as net segment profit before taxes on a U.S. GAAP basis.

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Total asset information by segment is not regularly provided to our CODM or utilized for purposes of assessing
performance or allocating resources and, as a result, such information has not been presented below. Certain
financing operations asset information including total managed receivables are used by the financing operations
segment manager to manage operations and are included in various reports regularly provided to our CODM. See
Note 4 – Finance Receivables.
Certain financial information on a segment basis is as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Vehicle operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $9,583.0 |  | $9,231.8 |  | $18,761.2 |  | $17,793.6
Total gross profit | 1,485.1 |  | 1,423.9 |  | 2,895.4 |  | 2,759.1
Floor plan interest expense | (55.0) |  | (76.6) |  | (112.0) |  | (137.3)
Personnel expense | (546.6) |  | (537.2) |  | (1,060.7) |  | (1,056.2)
Rent and facility expense | (181.2) |  | (177.3) |  | (363.6) |  | (346.2)
Advertising expense | (72.4) |  | (69.7) |  | (142.3) |  | (136.6)
Other vehicle operations expenses 1 | (276.7) |  | (268.5) |  | (555.0) |  | (503.7)
Vehicle operations income | 353.2 |  | 294.6 |  | 661.9 |  | 579.0
Financing Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fee income | 98.8 |  | 83.8 |  | 193.2 |  | 161.1
Interest expense | (49.8) |  | (47.0) |  | (97.9) |  | (94.8)
Total interest margin | 49.0 |  | 36.8 |  | 95.3 |  | 66.3
Lease income | 23.7 |  | 20.5 |  | 44.2 |  | 35.6
Lease costs | (18.6) |  | (18.8) |  | (35.4) |  | (29.5)
Lease income, net | 5.1 |  | 1.7 |  | 8.8 |  | 6.1
Provision expense | (21.2) |  | (20.2) |  | (46.7) |  | (45.2)
Other financing operations expenses 2 | (12.8) |  | (11.1) |  | (24.8) |  | (21.8)
Financing operations income | 20.1 |  | 7.2 |  | 32.6 |  | 5.4
Total segment income for reportable segments | 373.3 |  | 301.8 |  | 694.4 |  | 584.4
Corporate and other 3 | 62.2 |  | 77.5 |  | 154.2 |  | 133.3
Depreciation and amortization | (65.2) |  | (62.3) |  | (129.0) |  | (120.0)
Other interest expense | (66.7) |  | (61.2) |  | (132.2) |  | (124.8)
Other income, net | 48.5 |  | 27.0 |  | 49.3 |  | 30.4
Income before income taxes | $352.1 |  | $282.8 |  | $636.7 |  | $503.3

(1)Other vehicle operations expenses includes management fees, data processing fees, outside services fees, insurance
expense, office and other supplies expense, banking expense, and certain overhead expenses.
(2)Other financing operations expenses includes personnel expense, data processing fees, outside services fees, expenses
attributable to underwriting, funding, and loan servicing, and certain overhead expenses.
(3)Corporate and other includes management fee income.

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The following tables present revenue and long-lived assets (all non-current assets except goodwill, franchise value, and other
intangible assets) by geographic area:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenue from external customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $7,489.2 |  | $7,109.4 |  | $14,560.9 |  | $13,866.8
United Kingdom | 1,749.4 |  | 1,798.7 |  | 3,599.5 |  | 3,360.8
Canada | 344.4 |  | 323.7 |  | 600.8 |  | 566.0
Total revenue from external customers | $9,583.0 |  | $9,231.8 |  | $18,761.2 |  | $17,793.6

(In millions) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Long-lived assets, net: |  |  |
United States | $10,412.9 |  | $9,575.9
United Kingdom | 1,341.0 |  | 1,397.1
Canada | 453.6 |  | 439.6
Total long-lived assets | $12,207.5 |  | 11,412.6

NOTE 15. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 related to improvements to income tax disclosures. The
amendments in this update require enhanced jurisdictional and other disaggregated disclosures for the effective tax
rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning
after December 15, 2024. We plan to adopt this pronouncement and make the necessary updates to our
disclosures for the year ending December 31, 2025, and, aside from these disclosure changes, we do not expect
the amendments to have a material effect on our financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 related to the disaggregation of certain income statement
expenses. The amendments in this update require public entities to disclose incremental information related to
purchases of inventory, team member compensation, and depreciation, which will provide investors the ability to
better understand entity expenses and make their own judgements about entity performance. The amendments in
this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. We plan to adopt this pronouncement
and make the necessary updates to our disclosures for the year ending December 31, 2027, and, aside from these
disclosure changes, we do not expect the amendments to have a material effect on our financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors
Certain statements under the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations,” and “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the “Safe Harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Generally,
you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “project,” “outlook,” “target,” “may,” “will,” “would,”
“should,” “seek,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “forecast,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “likely,”
“ensure,” “goal,” “strategy,” “future,” “maintain,” and “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable
terms. Examples of forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q include, among others, statements we make
regarding:
•Future market conditions, including anticipated car and other sales levels and gross profit levels and the supply
of inventory
•Our business strategy and plans, including our achieving our long-term financial targets
•The growth, expansion, make-up and success of our network, including our finding accretive acquisitions that
meet our target valuations and acquiring additional stores
•Annualized revenues from acquired stores or achieving target returns
•The growth and performance of our Driveway e-commerce home solution and DFC, their synergies and other
impacts on our business and our ability to meet Driveway and DFC-related targets
•The impact of sustainable vehicles and other market and regulatory changes on our business, including
evolving vehicle distribution models
•Our capital allocations and uses and levels of capital expenditures in the future
•Expected operating results, such as improved store performance, continued improvement of SG&A as a
percentage of gross profit and any projections
•Our anticipated financial condition and liquidity, including from our cash and the future availability of our credit
facilities, unfinanced real estate and other financing sources
•Our continuing to purchase shares under our share repurchase program
•Our compliance with financial and restrictive covenants in our credit facilities and other debt agreements
•Our programs and initiatives for team member recruitment, training, and retention
•Our strategies and targets for customer retention, growth, market position, operations, financial results and risk
management
The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and
situations that may cause our actual results to materially differ from the results expressed or implied by these
statements. Certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations are discussed in
the Risk Factors section of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and amended from time to time
in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events that
depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. You should not place undue reliance on these
forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We
assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement.
Overview
Lithia and Driveway (NYSE: LAD) is the largest global automotive retailer providing an array of products and
services throughout the vehicle ownership lifecycle. Simple, convenient and transparent experiences are offered
through our comprehensive network of physical locations, e-commerce platforms, captive finance solutions, fleet
management offerings, and other synergistic adjacencies. We have delivered consistent profitable growth in a
massive and unconsolidated industry. Our highly diversified and competitively differentiated design provides us the
flexibility and scale to pursue our vision to modernize personal transportation solutions wherever, whenever and
however consumers desire. As of June 30, 2025, we operated 448 locations representing 52 brands in the United
States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
We offer a wide array of products and services fulfilling the entire vehicle ownership lifecycle including new and
used vehicles, financing and insurance products, and aftersales automotive repair and maintenance services. We

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strive for diversification in our products, services, brands, and geographic locations to reduce dependence on any
one manufacturer, reduce susceptibility to changing consumer preferences, manage market risk and maintain
profitability. Our diversification, along with our operating structure, provides a resilient and nimble business model.
We seek to provide customers with a seamless, blended online and physical retail experience, broad selection, and
access to specialized expertise and knowledge. Our comprehensive network provides convenient touch points for
customers and provides services throughout the vehicle life cycle. We seek to increase market share and optimize
profitability by focusing on the consumer experience and applying proprietary performance measurement systems
fueled by data science. Our Driveway and GreenCars brands and online customer portal complement our in-store
experiences in the United States and provide convenient, simple, and transparent platforms that serve as our e-
commerce home solutions and allow us to deliver differentiated, proprietary digital experiences. Enhancing our
business, our captive auto financing division allows us to provide financing solutions for customers and diversify our
business model with adjacent products.
Our long-term strategy to create value for our customers, team members and shareholders includes the following
elements:
Driving operational excellence, innovation and diversification
LAD builds magnetic customer loyalty across our 448 stores, our Driveway and GreenCars e-commerce platforms,
and our entire omnichannel ecosystem by focusing on convenient and transparent experiences supported by
proprietary data science. Our entrepreneurial model that emphasizes personal accountability for our team powers
efficient operations and allows dynamic responsiveness to each of our local markets. Our best-in-class performance
management reporting provides the foundation to enable high-performing teams to drive our platform’s full potential.
Investments across our ecosystem built a framework that is responsive to evolving consumer preferences, providing
a foundation that supports our current business and our ongoing expansion. These investments, particularly in our
digital strategies, connect our experienced, knowledgeable team members with our expansive inventory and
physical network of stores to ensure we are agile and adaptable. Additionally, we systematically explore and invest
in transformative adjacencies that are synergistic and complementary to our existing business, such as our captive
auto finance and fleet management offerings.
These investments support the foundational elements of our strategy. We seek to create durable customer loyalty in
our stores and our digital platforms, such as our My Driveway customer portal. These experiences and offerings,
backed by our extensive physical network, broad geographic reach, and customized digital offerings, empower our
people to provide transparent, flexible, and simple retail experiences.
Our performance-based culture is geared toward an incentive-based compensation structure for a majority of our
personnel. We develop pay plans that measure factors such as customer satisfaction, profitability, and individual
performance metrics. These plans reward team members for creating customer loyalty, achieving store potential,
developing high-performing talent, meeting and exceeding manufacturer requirements, and living our core values.
We centralize many administrative functions to drive efficiencies and streamline store-level operations. These
efficiencies allow our local managers to focus on serving customers to increase revenues and gross profit. Our
operations are supported by regional and corporate management, as well as dedicated training and personnel
development programs which allow us to share best practices across our network and develop talent.
Growth through acquisition and network optimization
Our acquisition growth strategy has diversified our business and been financially and culturally successful. Our
disciplined approach focuses on acquiring new vehicle franchises, which operate in markets ranging from mid-sized
regional markets to metropolitan markets. Acquisition of these businesses increases our proximity to consumers
throughout North America and the United Kingdom. While we target annual after tax return of more than 15% for our
acquisitions, we have averaged over a 25% return by the third year of ownership due to a disciplined approach
focusing on accretive, cash flow positive targets at reasonable valuations. In addition to being financially accretive,
acquisitions aim to drive network growth that improves our ability to serve customers through vast selection, greater
density, easy access, and the ability to leverage national branding and advertising.
As we focus on expanding our physical network of stores, one of the criteria we evaluate is a valuation multiple
between 3x to 6x of investment in intangibles to estimated annualized adjusted EBITDA, with various factors

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including location, ability to expand our network and talent considered in determining value. We also target an
investment in intangibles as a percentage of annualized revenues in the range of 15% to 30%.
We regularly optimize and balance our network through strategic divestitures to ensure continued high performance.
We believe our disciplined approach provides us with attractive acquisition opportunities and expanded coast-to-
coast coverage.
Thoughtful capital allocation
We manage our liquidity and available cash to support our long-term plan focused on growth through acquisitions
and investments in our existing business, technology and adjacencies that expand and diversify our business
model. In the current market of elevated acquisition pricing, we have adjusted our free cash flow deployment
strategy. Under current conditions, including recent trends in our stock price, we may consider repurchases as a
more attractive use of funds than acquisitions. Our current free cash flow deployment strategy includes an allocation
of 25% to 35% investment in acquisitions, 25% investment in capital expenditures, innovation, and diversification
and 40% to 50% in shareholder return in the form of dividends and share repurchases based on current valuation
trends in acquisitions relative to stock price performance. During the first six months of 2025, we utilized $148.8
million for capital expenditures investing in our existing business, paid $28.2 million in dividends, and $263.3 million
in share repurchases. As of June 30, 2025, we had available liquidity of approximately $1.3 billion, which was
comprised of $202.8 million in unrestricted cash, $52.1 million in marketable securities, and $1.0 billion availability
on our credit facilities.
Financial Performance
We experienced growth of revenue in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by increases in volume related to
acquisitions. Total gross profit grew in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by acquisition growth and supported
by same store increases in aftersales and F&I. New vehicle retail gross profit decreased compared to 2024 due to
continued normalization of margins. Net income grew in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily as a result of our
increase in total gross profit and financing operations, while remaining diligent in managing SG&A costs, reducing
our total SG&A as a % of gross profit.

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Vehicle Operations
Key performance metrics for revenue and gross profit were as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
($ in millions, except per unit values) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | $4,498.4 |  | $4,403.7 |  | 2.2 % |  | $8,878.6 |  | $8,417.8 |  | 5.5 %
Used vehicle retail | 3,094.8 |  | 2,986.0 |  | 3.6 |  | 6,013.9 |  | 5,786.8 |  | 3.9
Finance and insurance | 373.8 |  | 360.9 |  | 3.6 |  | 738.1 |  | 701.5 |  | 5.2
Aftersales | 1,023.4 |  | 950.7 |  | 7.6 |  | 2,002.5 |  | 1,863.5 |  | 7.5
Total revenues | 9,583.0 |  | 9,231.8 |  | 3.8 |  | 18,761.2 |  | 17,793.6 |  | 5.4
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | $299.5 |  | $320.8 |  | (6.6) % |  | $576.9 |  | $616.1 |  | (6.4) %
Used vehicle retail | 208.4 |  | 195.6 |  | 6.5 |  | 398.2 |  | 378.2 |  | 5.3
Finance and insurance | 373.8 |  | 360.9 |  | 3.6 |  | 738.1 |  | 701.5 |  | 5.2
Aftersales | 590.3 |  | 529.4 |  | 11.5 |  | 1,151.8 |  | 1,031.4 |  | 11.7
Total gross profit | 1,485.1 |  | 1,423.9 |  | 4.3 |  | 2,895.4 |  | 2,759.1 |  | 4.9
Gross profit margins |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | 6.7% |  | 7.3% |  | (60) bps |  | 6.5% |  | 7.3% |  | (80) bps
Used vehicle retail | 6.7 |  | 6.5 |  | 20 |  | 6.6 |  | 6.5 |  | 10
Finance and insurance | 100.0 |  | 100.0 |  | — |  | 100.0 |  | 100.0 |  | —
Aftersales | 57.7 |  | 55.7 |  | 200 |  | 57.5 |  | 55.3 |  | 220
Total gross profit margin | 15.5 |  | 15.4 |  | 10 |  | 15.4 |  | 15.5 |  | (10)
Retail units sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicles | 94,144 |  | 92,508 |  | 1.8 % |  | 186,134 |  | 178,191 |  | 4.5 %
Used vehicles | 109,053 |  | 109,249 |  | (0.2) |  | 216,379 |  | 211,685 |  | 2.2
Average selling price per retail unit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicles | $47,782 |  | $47,603 |  | 0.4 % |  | $47,700 |  | $47,240 |  | 1.0 %
Used vehicles | 28,379 |  | 27,332 |  | 3.8 |  | 27,793 |  | 27,337 |  | 1.7
Average gross profit per retail unit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicles | $3,181 |  | $3,467 |  | (8.2)% |  | $3,099 |  | $3,457 |  | (10.4)%
Used vehicles | 1,911 |  | 1,790 |  | 6.8 |  | 1,840 |  | 1,787 |  | 3.0
Finance and insurance | 1,840 |  | 1,789 |  | 2.9 |  | 1,834 |  | 1,799 |  | 1.9
Total vehicle 1 | 4,322 |  | 4,351 |  | (0.7) |  | 4,244 |  | 4,348 |  | (2.4)

1 Includes the sales and gross profit related to new, used retail, used wholesale and finance and insurance and unit sales for
new and used retail.

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Same Store Operating Data
We believe that same store comparisons are an important indicator of our financial performance. Same store
measures demonstrate our ability to grow revenues in our existing locations. As a result, same store measures have
been integrated into the discussion below.
Same store measures reflect results for stores that were operating in each comparison period and only include the
months when operations occurred in both periods. For example, a store acquired in May 2024 would be included in
same store operating data beginning in June 2025, after its first complete comparable month of operation. The
second quarter operating results for the same store comparisons would include results for that store in only the
month of June for both comparable periods.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
($ in millions, except per unit values) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | $4,383.9 |  | $4,299.6 |  | 2.0 % |  | $8,504.1 |  | $8,208.1 |  | 3.6 %
Used vehicle retail | 3,019.7 |  | 2,835.0 |  | 6.5 |  | 5,648.8 |  | 5,499.0 |  | 2.7
Finance and insurance | 366.0 |  | 350.4 |  | 4.5 |  | 708.7 |  | 682.5 |  | 3.8
Aftersales | 998.0 |  | 919.5 |  | 8.5 |  | 1,902.4 |  | 1,804.3 |  | 5.4
Total revenues | 9,345.2 |  | 8,974.1 |  | 4.1 |  | 17,816.7 |  | 17,258.4 |  | 3.2
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | $291.9 |  | $311.6 |  | (6.3) % |  | $552.2 |  | $599.1 |  | (7.8) %
Used vehicle retail | 203.1 |  | 195.1 |  | 4.1 |  | 382.4 |  | 374.7 |  | 2.1
Finance and insurance | 366.0 |  | 350.4 |  | 4.5 |  | 708.7 |  | 682.5 |  | 3.8
Aftersales | 576.6 |  | 515.1 |  | 11.9 |  | 1,100.4 |  | 1,003.0 |  | 9.7
Total gross profit | 1,451.6 |  | 1,389.8 |  | 4.4 |  | 2,772.2 |  | 2,691.4 |  | 3.0
Gross profit margins |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicle retail | 6.7% |  | 7.2% |  | (50) bps |  | 6.5% |  | 7.3% |  | (80) bps
Used vehicle retail | 6.7 |  | 6.9 |  | (20) |  | 6.8 |  | 6.8 |  | —
Finance and insurance | 100.0 |  | 100.0 |  | — |  | 100.0 |  | 100.0 |  | —
Aftersales | 57.8 |  | 56.0 |  | 180 |  | 57.8 |  | 55.6 |  | 220
Total gross profit margin | 15.5 |  | 15.5 |  | — |  | 15.6 |  | 15.6 |  | —
Retail units sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicles | 91,947 |  | 90,179 |  | 2.0 % |  | 178,132 |  | 173,716 |  | 2.5 %
Used vehicles | 106,894 |  | 102,875 |  | 3.9 |  | 202,766 |  | 199,460 |  | 1.7
Average selling price per retail unit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicles | $47,679 |  | $47,679 |  | — % |  | $47,740 |  | $47,250 |  | 1.0 %
Used vehicles | 28,249 |  | 27,558 |  | 2.5 |  | 27,859 |  | 27,569 |  | 1.1
Average gross profit per retail unit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New vehicles | $3,175 |  | $3,455 |  | (8.1)% |  | $3,100 |  | $3,449 |  | (10.1)%
Used vehicles | 1,900 |  | 1,897 |  | 0.2 |  | 1,886 |  | 1,879 |  | 0.4
Finance and insurance | 1,841 |  | 1,815 |  | 1.4 |  | 1,860 |  | 1,829 |  | 1.7
Total vehicle 1 | 4,318 |  | 4,446 |  | (2.9) |  | 4,302 |  | 4,440 |  | (3.1)

1 Includes the sales and gross profit related to new, used retail, used wholesale and finance and insurance and unit sales for
new and used retail.
New Retail Vehicles
We believe that our new vehicle retail sales create incremental profit opportunities through certain manufacturer
incentive programs, arranging of third-party financing, vehicle service and insurance contracts, future resale of used
vehicles acquired through trade-in, and aftersales. Our leaders in each market continue to adapt to changing
conditions, respond to customer needs and manage inventory availability and selection.

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Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024
New vehicle revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased 2.2% compared to the same period of
2024, driven by same store performance. Same store new vehicle revenue increased 2.0% due to an increase in
unit volume of 2.0%.
Same store new vehicle gross profit per unit decreased 8.1%, driven by a decrease in new vehicle gross profit
margins of 50 bps. Total same store new vehicle gross profit per unit, which includes the finance and insurance
revenue generated from the sales of new vehicles, decreased $196 to $5,312.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024
New vehicle retail revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased 5.5% compared to the same period of
2024, primarily due to same store performance and supported by acquisition activity. Same store new vehicle retail
revenue increased 3.6% due to an increase in unit volume of 2.5% and an increase in average selling prices of
1.0%.
Same store new vehicle retail gross profit per unit decreased 10.1%, driven by a decrease in new vehicle retail
gross profit margins of 80 bps. Total same store new vehicle retail gross profit per unit, which includes the finance
and insurance revenue generated from the sales of new retail vehicles, decreased $303 to $5,231.
Used Retail Vehicles
Used vehicle retail sales are a strategic focus for organic growth. We offer three categories of used vehicles:
manufacturer certified pre-owned (CPO) vehicles; core vehicles, or late-model vehicles with lower mileage; and
value autos, or vehicles with over 80,000 miles. We continue to focus on procuring vehicles across the full spectrum
of the addressable used vehicle market to provide customers with a wide selection meeting all levels of affordability,
driving increased used vehicle unit volumes. Our used vehicle operations provide an opportunity to generate sales
to customers unable or unwilling to purchase a new vehicle, sell brands other than the store’s new vehicle
franchise(s) and increase sales from finance and insurance and aftersales.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024
Used vehicle revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased 3.6% compared to the same period of
2024 driven by same store performance and supported by acquisition activity. On a same store basis, used vehicle
revenue increased 6.5% due to an increase in unit volume of 3.9% and an increase in average selling prices of
2.5%.
Total same store used vehicle gross profit per unit, which includes the finance and insurance revenue generated
from the sales of retail used vehicles, decreased $18 to $3,486.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024
Used vehicle retail revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased 3.9% compared to the same period
of 2024 driven by same store performance and supported by acquisition activity. On a same store basis, used
vehicle retail sales increased 2.7% due to an increase in unit volume of 1.7% and an increase in average selling
prices of 1.1%. Total same store used vehicle retail gross profit per unit, which includes the finance and insurance
revenue generated from the sales of used retail vehicles, increased $25 to $3,508.
Finance and Insurance
We believe that arranging vehicle financing is an important part of our ability to sell vehicles, and we attempt to
arrange financing for every vehicle we sell. We also offer related products such as extended warranties, insurance
contracts and vehicle and theft protection which promotes continued engagement with the consumer throughout the
ownership lifecycle.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024
Total finance and insurance income increased 3.6% in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the
same period of 2024, driven by same store performance and supported by acquisition activity. Same store finance
and insurance revenues increased 4.5%. On a same store basis, our finance and insurance revenue per retail unit
increased $25 to $1,841.

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YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024
Total finance and insurance income increased 5.2% in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same
period of 2024, driven by same store performance and supported by acquisition activity. Same store finance and
insurance revenues increased 3.8%. On a same store basis, our finance and insurance revenue per retail unit
increased $31 to $1,860.
Aftersales
We provide automotive repair and maintenance services for customers for the new vehicle brands sold by our
stores, as well as service and repairs for most other makes and models. These aftersales services are an integral
part of our customer retention and the largest contributor to our overall profitability. Earnings from aftersales
continue to prove to be more resilient during economic downturns, when owners tend to repair their existing
vehicles rather than buy new vehicles. We believe the increased number of units in operation will continue to benefit
our aftersales revenue in the coming years as more late-model vehicles age, necessitating repairs and
maintenance.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024
Our aftersales revenue increased 7.6% in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period of
2024, driven by same store performance and supported by acquisition activity.
We focus on retaining customers by offering competitively-priced routine maintenance and through our marketing
efforts. Customer pay revenue accounted for the largest share of our same-store aftersales revenue, representing
56.3% of the total.
Same store aftersales gross profit increased 11.9%. This increase was primarily due to increased volumes of
warranty and customer pay transactions. Overall same store aftersales gross margins increased 180 bps, primarily
as a result of increased customer pay gross margin of 260 bps.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024
Our aftersales revenue increased 7.5% in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period of
2024, driven by same store performance and supported by acquisition activity. Same store warranty revenues saw a
20.0% increase compared to the prior year.
Same store aftersales gross profit increased 9.7%. This increase was primarily due to increased volumes of
warranty transactions. Overall same store aftersales gross margins increased 220 bps, primarily as a result of
increased warranty gross margins of 120 bps and increase customer pay margins of 320 bps.
Financing Operations
In the United States, Financing Operations is a captive lender, originating loans only from our stores and Driveway.
In Canada, Financing Operations originates loans and leases from both our Canadian stores and third-party
dealerships. In the United Kingdom, Financing Operations is related to our fleet funding and management division.
These product offerings add diversity to the business model and provide an opportunity to capture additional profits,
cash flows, and sales while managing our reliance on third-party finance sources.
Financing Operations income reflects the interest and fee income generated by the portfolio of auto loan and
finance lease receivables, plus the lease income generated by our net investment in operating leases, less the
interest expense associated with the debt utilized to fund the lending, including internal capital, a provision for
estimated loan and lease losses, depreciation on vehicles leased via operating leases, and directly-related
expenses.

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Selected Financing Operations Financial Information

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | % (1) |  | 2024 |  | % (1) |  | 2025 |  | % 1 |  | 2024 |  | % 1
Interest and fee income | $98.8 |  | 9.2 |  | $83.8 |  | 9.3 |  | $193.2 |  | 9.3 |  | $161.1 |  | 9.1
Interest expense | (49.8) |  | (4.7) |  | (47.0) |  | (5.2) |  | (97.9) |  | (4.7) |  | (94.8) |  | (5.4)
Total interest margin | 49.0 |  | 4.6 |  | 36.8 |  | 4.1 |  | 95.3 |  | 4.6 |  | 66.3 |  | 3.8
Lease income | 23.7 |  |  |  | 20.5 |  |  |  | 44.2 |  |  |  | 35.6 |  |
Lease costs | (18.6) |  |  |  | (18.8) |  |  |  | (35.4) |  |  |  | (29.5) |  |
Lease income, net | 5.1 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 6.1 |  |
Provision expense | (21.2) |  | (2.0) |  | (20.2) |  | (2.2) |  | (46.7) |  | (2.2) |  | (45.2) |  | (2.6)
Other financing operations expenses | (12.8) |  | (1.2) |  | (11.1) |  | (1.2) |  | (24.8) |  | (1.2) |  | (21.8) |  | (1.2)
Finance operations income | $20.1 |  |  |  | $7.2 |  |  |  | $32.6 |  |  |  | $5.4 |  |
Total average managed finance receivables | $4,287.6 |  |  |  | $3,632.0 |  |  |  | $4,196.6 |  |  |  | $3,544.2 |  |

1 Annualized percentage of total average managed finance receivables.
DFC Portfolio Information 1

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Loan origination information |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loans originated | $730.5 |  | $561.5 |  | $1,353.4 |  | $1,054.3
Vehicle units financed | 23,581 |  | 19,030 |  | 44,425 |  | 36,249
Total penetration rate 2 | 14.8% |  | 12.4% |  | 14.2% |  | 12.0%
Weighted average contract rate | 8.7% |  | 9.9% |  | 8.9% |  | 10.0%
Weighted average credit score 3 | 747 |  | 738 |  | 746 |  | 737
Weighted average FE LTV 4 | 95.4% |  | 95.6% |  | 95.0% |  | 95.4%
Weighted average term (in months) | 73 |  | 72 |  | 72 |  | 72
Loan performance information |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of ending managed receivables | 3.1% |  | 3.2% |  | 3.1% |  | 3.2%
Net credit losses on managed receivables | $13.3 |  | $15.1 |  | $33.5 |  | $34.4
Annualized net credit losses as a percentage of total average managed receivables | 1.3% |  | 1.8% |  | 1.7% |  | 2.0%
Past due accounts as a percentage of ending managed receivables 5 | 4.6% |  | 4.7% |  | 4.7% |  | 4.8%
Average recovery rate 6 | 47.8% |  | 45.6% |  | 47.8% |  | 45.6%

1 Excludes Canadian and U.K. portfolios
2 Units financed as a percentage of total U.S. new and used vehicle retail units sold.
3 The credit scores represent FICO scores and reflect only receivables with obligors that have a FICO score at the time of
application. For receivables with co-borrowers, the FICO score is the primary borrower’s. FICO scores are not a significant
factor in our proprietary credit model, which relies on information from credit bureaus and other application information.
4 Front-end loan-to-value represents the ratio of the amount financed to the total collateral value, which is measured as the
vehicle selling price plus applicable taxes, title and fees.
5 Past due means loans at least 3 months old that are 30 or more days delinquent.
6 The average recovery rate represents the average percentage of the outstanding principal balance we receive when a
vehicle is repossessed and liquidated, generally at wholesale auctions, on a trailing twelve month basis.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024
Financing operations recorded higher income in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same
period of 2024, primarily due to the increased interest income resulting from the growth of the portfolio and a
decreased cost of funds, which collectively expanded total interest margin to 4.6%.
Loan originations increased in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024, and
our penetration rate increased due to increased engagement with our stores. The weighted average contract rate of
loans originated in the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased to 8.7%, compared with 9.9% in the same
period of 2024, primarily due to our maintaining competitive pricing following Federal Reserve rate cuts. The
decrease in annualized net charge-offs of past due accounts as a percentage of ending managed receivables

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compared to the prior year reflects the increased credit quality of the portfolio as well as improved execution of our
collateral management team.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024
Financing operations recorded higher income in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period
of 2024, primarily due to increased interest income resulting from the growth of the portfolio and a decreased cost of
funds, resulting in an expansion of total interest margin to 4.6%.
The weighted average contract rate on loans originated in the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased to 8.9%,
compared with 10.0% in the same period of 2024 as we decreased rates to maintain competitiveness following
Federal Reserve rate cuts. The decrease in provision expense as a percentage of receivables compared to the prior
year reflected the increased credit quality of the portfolio as well as a decrease in the percentage of ending
managed receivables constituted by the allowance for loan losses. Other financing operations expenses as a
percentage of average managed receivables was flat with the same period of 2024 despite significant portfolio
growth, reflecting improved operational performance and economies of scale.
Operating Expenses
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
SG&A includes salaries and related personnel expenses, advertising (net of manufacturer cooperative advertising
credits), rent, facility costs, and other general corporate expenses.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Personnel | $641.0 |  | $623.5 |  | $17.5 |  | 2.8%
Rent and facility costs | 99.5 |  | 93.8 |  | 5.7 |  | 6.1
Advertising | 64.0 |  | 62.7 |  | 1.3 |  | 2.1
Other | 210.2 |  | 195.2 |  | 15.0 |  | 7.7
Total SG&A | $1,014.7 |  | $975.2 |  | $39.5 |  | 4.1%

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase (Decrease)
As a % of gross profit | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Personnel | 43.2% |  | 43.8% |  | (60)bps
Rent and facility costs | 6.7 |  | 6.6 |  | 10
Advertising | 4.3 |  | 4.4 |  | (10)
Other | 14.1 |  | 13.7 |  | 40
Total SG&A | 68.3% |  | 68.5% |  | (20)bps

SG&A as a percentage of gross profit was 68.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 68.5% for
the same period of 2024, driven by improvements in personnel and advertising costs relative to gross profit. SG&A
expense increased 4.1%, driven by increases in all areas due to acquisition activity.
On a same store basis and excluding non-core charges, SG&A as a percentage of gross profit was 67.4%
compared to 66.4% for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily related to SG&A growth outpacing
gross profit growth in the period.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | % Increase (Decrease)
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Personnel | $1,248.4 |  | $1,225.9 |  | $22.5 |  | 1.8%
Rent and facility costs | 198.6 |  | 182.9 |  | 15.7 |  | 8.6
Advertising | 125.3 |  | 126.1 |  | (0.8) |  | (0.6)
Other | 395.1 |  | 374.6 |  | 20.5 |  | 5.5
Total SG&A | $1,967.4 |  | $1,909.5 |  | $57.9 |  | 3.0%

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| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase (Decrease)
As a % of gross profit | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Personnel | 43.1% |  | 44.4% |  | (130)bps
Rent and facility costs | 6.9 |  | 6.6 |  | 30
Advertising | 4.3 |  | 4.6 |  | (30)
Other | 13.6 |  | 13.6 |  | —
Total SG&A | 67.9% |  | 69.2% |  | (130)bps

SG&A as a percentage of gross profit was 67.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 69.2% for
the same period of 2024, driven by improvements in personnel and advertising costs relative to gross profit. Total
SG&A expense increased 3.0%, driven by increases in all areas excluding advertising, primarily as a result of our
acquisition activity.
On a same store basis and excluding non-core charges, SG&A as a percentage of gross profit was 67.3%
compared to 67.4% for the same period of 2024. The decrease was related to gross profit growth outpacing SG&A
growth in the period.
SG&A expense adjusted for non-core charges was as follows:
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Personnel | $641.0 |  | $623.5 |  | $17.5 |  | 2.8%
Rent and facility costs | 99.5 |  | 93.8 |  | 5.7 |  | 6.1
Advertising | 64.0 |  | 62.7 |  | 1.3 |  | 2.1
Adjusted other | 200.5 |  | 187.3 |  | 13.2 |  | 7.0
Adjusted total SG&A | $1,005.0 |  | $967.3 |  | $37.7 |  | 3.9%

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase (Decrease)
As a % of gross profit | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Personnel | 43.2% |  | 43.8% |  | (60)bps
Rent and facility costs | 6.7 |  | 6.6 |  | 10
Advertising | 4.3 |  | 4.4 |  | (10)
Adjusted other | 13.5 |  | 13.1 |  | 40
Adjusted total SG&A | 67.7% |  | 67.9% |  | (20)bps

Adjusted SG&A for the three months ended June 30, 2025 excludes a $7.2 million net loss on store disposals,
$2.4 million in storm insurance charges, and $0.1 million in acquisition-related expenses.
Adjusted SG&A for the three months ended June 30, 2024 excludes $6.1 million in storm insurance charges, and
$1.8 million in acquisition-related expenses.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | % Increase (Decrease)
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Personnel | $1,248.4 |  | $1,225.9 |  | $22.5 |  | 1.8%
Rent and facility costs | 198.6 |  | 182.9 |  | 15.7 |  | 8.6%
Advertising | 125.3 |  | 126.1 |  | (0.8) |  | (0.6)%
Adjusted other | 394.2 |  | 359.0 |  | 35.2 |  | 9.8%
Adjusted total SG&A | $1,966.5 |  | $1,893.9 |  | $72.6 |  | 3.8%

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| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase (Decrease)
As a % of gross profit | 2025 |  | 2024 |
Personnel | 43.1% |  | 44.4% |  | (130)bps
Rent and facility costs | 6.9 |  | 6.6 |  | 30
Advertising | 4.3 |  | 4.6 |  | (30)
Adjusted other | 13.6 |  | 13.0 |  | 60
Adjusted total SG&A | 67.9% |  | 68.6% |  | (70)bps

Adjusted SG&A for the six months ended June 30, 2025 excludes $2.8 million in storm insurance charges and
$0.3 million in acquisition-related expenses, partially offset by a $2.2 million net gain on store disposals.
Adjusted SG&A for the six months ended June 30, 2024 excludes $9.5 million in acquisition-related expenses and
$6.1 million in storm insurance charges.
Adjusted SG&A is a non-GAAP measure. See Non-GAAP Reconciliations for more details.
Floor Plan Interest Expense and Floor Plan Assistance
Floor plan assistance is provided by manufacturers to support store financing of vehicle inventory and is recorded
as a component of vehicle gross profit when the specific vehicle is sold. However, because manufacturers provide
this assistance to offset inventory carrying costs, we believe a comparison of floor plan interest expense to floor
plan assistance is a useful measure of the efficiency of our vehicle sales relative to stocking levels.
Shown below are the details for carrying costs for vehicles net of floor plan assistance earned:
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | %
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | Change
Floor plan interest expense | $55.0 |  | $76.6 |  | $(21.6) |  | (28.2)%
Floor plan assistance (included as an offset to cost of sales) | (43.5) |  | (42.8) |  | (0.7) |  | (1.6)
Net vehicle carrying costs | $11.5 |  | $33.8 |  | $(22.3) |  | (66.0)

Floor plan interest expense decreased $21.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the
same period of 2024 due to a decrease in interest rates and average new inventory levels.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | %
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | Change
Floor plan interest expense | $112.0 |  | $137.3 |  | $(25.3) |  | (18.4)%
Floor plan assistance (included as an offset to cost of sales) | (82.5) |  | (83.2) |  | 0.7 |  | 0.8
Net vehicle carrying costs | $29.5 |  | $54.1 |  | $(24.6) |  | (45.5)

Floor plan interest expense decreased $25.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same
period of 2024 due to a decrease in interest rates and average new inventory levels.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization is comprised of depreciation expense related to buildings, significant remodels or
improvements, furniture, tools, equipment, signage, and amortization of certain intangible assets, including
customer lists.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | $65.2 |  | $62.3 |  | $2.9 |  | 4.7%

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YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | $129.0 |  | $120.0 |  | $9.0 |  | 7.5%

Acquisition activity contributed to the increases in depreciation and amortization in 2025 compared to 2024. We
acquired $79.4 million of depreciable property as part of our acquisition activity over the trailing twelve-months
ended June 30, 2025. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we invested $148.8 million in capital expenditures.
These investments increased the amount of depreciation expense in the six months ended June 30, 2025. See the
discussion under Liquidity and Capital Resources for additional information.
Operating Income
Operating income as a percentage of revenue, or operating margin, was as follows:
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Operating margin | 4.4% |  | 4.3%
Operating margin adjusted for non-core charges 1 | 4.5% |  | 4.3%

1 See Non-GAAP Reconciliations for more details.
Operating margin increased 10 bps in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024,
primarily due to increased gross profit of 4.3% and improved profitability of our Financing Operations, partially offset
by increased SG&A of 4.1%
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Operating margin | 4.4% |  | 4.1%
Operating margin adjusted for non-core charges 1 | 4.4% |  | 4.2%

1 See Non-GAAP Reconciliations for more details.
Operating margin increased 30 bps in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024,
primarily due to increased gross profit of 4.9% and improved profitability of our Financing Operations, partially offset
by increased SG&A of 3.0%.
Non-Operating Expenses
Other Interest Expense
Other interest expense includes interest on senior notes, debt incurred related to acquisitions, real estate
mortgages, used and service loaner vehicle inventory financing commitments, and revolving lines of credit.
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Senior notes interest | $19.0 |  | $19.0 |  | $— |  | —%
Mortgage interest | 14.1 |  | 12.2 |  | 1.9 |  | 15.6
Other interest | 36.1 |  | 31.0 |  | 5.1 |  | 16.5
Capitalized interest | (2.5) |  | (1.0) |  | 1.5 |  | NM
Total other interest expense | $66.7 |  | $61.2 |  | $5.5 |  | 9.0%

Other interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $5.5 million related to increased
borrowings on our warehouse facilities compared to the same period of 2024.

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YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Senior notes interest | $38.0 |  | $38.0 |  | $— |  | —%
Mortgage interest | 28.5 |  | 23.5 |  | 5.0 |  | 21.3
Other interest | 70.1 |  | 65.5 |  | 4.6 |  | 7.0
Capitalized interest | (4.4) |  | (2.2) |  | 2.2 |  | NM
Total other interest expense | $132.2 |  | $124.8 |  | $7.4 |  | 5.9%

Other interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $7.4 million related to increased
borrowings on our warehouse facilities compared to the same period of 2024.
Other Income, net
Q 2 2025 vs. Q 2 2024

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Pinewood Investment | $37.1 |  | $29.7 |  | $7.4 |  | 24.9%
Foreign currency remeasurement | 5.3 |  | (2.0) |  | 7.3 |  | NM
Net pension benefit | 2.4 |  | 0.6 |  | 1.8 |  | 300.0%
Miscellaneous | 6.1 |  | (0.7) |  | 6.8 |  | NM
Other income, net | $48.5 |  | $27.0 |  | $21.5 |  | 79.6%

Other income, net in the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $21.5 million compared to the same period
of 2024, primarily as a result of equity method investment income from our investment in Pinewood Technologies
Group PLC and foreign currency exchange gains.
YTD 2025 vs. YTD 2024

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | % Increase
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Pinewood Investment | $30.9 |  | $29.7 |  | 1.2 |  | 4.0
Foreign currency remeasurement | 5.1 |  | (7.5) |  | 12.6 |  | NM
Net pension benefit | 4.6 |  | 1.2 |  | 3.4 |  | 283.3
Miscellaneous | 8.7 |  | 7.0 |  | 1.7 |  | 24.3
Other income, net | $49.3 |  | $30.4 |  | $18.9 |  | 62.2%

Other income, net in the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $18.9 million compared to the same period of
2024, primarily as a result of foreign currency exchange gains.
Income Tax Provision
Our effective income tax rate was as follows:

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Effective income tax rate | 26.3% |  | 24.2%
Effective income tax rate excluding non-core items 1 | 26.0% |  | 25.3%

1 See Non-GAAP Reconciliations for more details.
Our effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to last year was negatively affected
by a decrease in general business credits, tax basis differences on divested assets, and an increase in valuation
allowance. Excluding non-core charges and acquired general business credits, we estimate our annual effective
income tax rate to be 26.6%.
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Non-GAAP measures do not have definitions under GAAP and may be defined differently by and not comparable to
similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, we review any non-GAAP financial measures in
connection with a review of the most directly comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We

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caution you not to place undue reliance on such non-GAAP measures, but also to consider them with the most
directly comparable GAAP measures. We believe each of the non-GAAP financial measures below improves the
transparency of our disclosures, provides a meaningful presentation of our results from the core business
operations because they exclude items not related to our ongoing core business operations and other non-cash
items, and improves the period-to-period comparability of our results from the core business operations. We use
these measures in conjunction with GAAP financial measures to assess our business, including our compliance with
covenants in our credit facility and in communications with our Board concerning financial performance. These
measures should not be considered an alternative to GAAP measures.
The following tables reconcile certain reported non-GAAP measures, which we refer to as “adjusted,” to the most
comparable GAAP measure from our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
($ in millions, except per share amounts) | As reported |  | Net loss on disposal of stores |  | Insurance reserves |  | Acquisition expenses |  | Tax attribute |  | Adjusted
Selling, general and administrative | $1,014.7 |  | $(7.2) |  | $(2.4) |  | $(0.1) |  | $— |  | $1,005.0
Operating income | 425.3 |  | 7.2 |  | 2.4 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 435.0
Income before income taxes | $352.1 |  | $7.2 |  | $2.4 |  | $0.1 |  | $— |  | $361.8
Income tax (provision) benefit | (93.9) |  | 1.8 |  | (0.6) |  | — |  | (1.3) |  | (94.0)
Net income (loss) | 258.2 |  | 9.0 |  | 1.8 |  | 0.1 |  | (1.3) |  | 267.8
Net income attributable to NCI | (2.1) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2.1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $256.1 |  | $9.0 |  | $1.8 |  | $0.1 |  | $(1.3) |  | $265.7
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $9.87 |  | $0.35 |  | $0.07 |  | $— |  | $(0.05) |  | $10.24
Diluted share count | 25.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
($ in millions, except per share amounts) | As reported |  | Insurance reserves |  | Acquisition expenses |  | Tax attribute |  | Adjusted
Selling, general and administrative | $975.2 |  | $(6.1) |  | $(1.8) |  | — |  | $967.3
Operating income | 393.6 |  | 6.1 |  | 1.8 |  | — |  | 401.5
Income before income taxes | $282.8 |  | $6.1 |  | $1.8 |  | $— |  | $290.7
Income tax (provision) benefit | (66.2) |  | (1.6) |  | 1.3 |  | (7.6) |  | (74.1)
Net income (loss) | 216.6 |  | 4.5 |  | 3.1 |  | (7.6) |  | 216.6
Net loss attributable to NCI | (1.0) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1.0)
Net income attributable to redeemable NCI | (1.4) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1.4)
Net income (loss) attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $214.2 |  | $4.5 |  | $3.1 |  | $(7.6) |  | $214.2
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $7.87 |  | $0.17 |  | $0.11 |  | $(0.28) |  | $7.87
Diluted share count | 27.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
($ in millions, except per share amounts) | As reported |  | Net gain on disposal of stores |  | Insurance reserves |  | Acquisition expenses |  | Tax attribute |  | Adjusted
Selling, general and administrative | $1,967.4 |  | $2.2 |  | $(2.8) |  | $(0.3) |  | $— |  | $1,966.5
Operating income (loss) | 831.6 |  | (2.2) |  | 2.8 |  | 0.3 |  | — |  | 832.5
Income (loss) before income taxes | $636.7 |  | $(2.2) |  | $2.8 |  | $0.3 |  | $— |  | $637.6
Income tax (provision) benefit | (167.3) |  | 4.3 |  | (0.7) |  | (0.1) |  | (2.3) |  | (166.1)
Net income (loss) | 469.4 |  | 2.1 |  | 2.1 |  | 0.2 |  | (2.3) |  | 471.5
Net income attributable to NCI | (3.8) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3.8)
Net income (loss) attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $465.6 |  | $2.1 |  | $2.1 |  | $0.2 |  | $(2.3) |  | $467.7
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $17.80 |  | $0.08 |  | $0.08 |  | $0.01 |  | $(0.09) |  | $17.88
Diluted share count | 26.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
($ in millions, except per share amounts) | As reported |  | Insurance reserves |  | Acquisition expenses |  | Tax attribute |  | Adjusted
Selling, general and administrative | $1,909.5 |  | $(6.1) |  | $(9.5) |  | $— |  | $1,893.9
Operating income | 735.0 |  | 6.1 |  | 9.5 |  | — |  | 750.6
Income before income taxes | $503.3 |  | $6.1 |  | $9.5 |  | $— |  | $518.9
Income tax provision | (121.8) |  | (1.6) |  | (0.3) |  | (7.6) |  | (131.3)
Net income | 381.5 |  | 4.5 |  | 9.2 |  | (7.6) |  | 387.6
Net income attributable to NCI | (2.5) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2.5)
Net income attributable to redeemable NCI | (2.3) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2.3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $376.7 |  | $4.5 |  | $9.2 |  | $(7.6) |  | $382.8
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Lithia Motors, Inc. | $13.75 |  | $0.17 |  | $0.33 |  | $(0.28) |  | $13.97
Diluted share count | 27.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
We manage our liquidity and capital resources in the context of our overall business strategy, continually forecasting
and managing our cash, working capital balances and capital structure in a way that we believe will meet the short-
term and long-term obligations of our business while maintaining liquidity and financial flexibility. Our current free
cash flow deployment strategy includes an allocation of 25% to 35% investment in acquisitions, 25% investment in
capital expenditures, innovation, and diversification and 40% to 50% in shareholder return in the form of dividends
and share repurchases based on current valuation trends in acquisitions relative to stock price performance.
We believe we have sufficient sources of funding to meet our business requirements for the next 12 months and in
the longer term. Cash flows from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities are our main sources for
liquidity. In addition to the above sources of liquidity, potential sources to fund our business strategy include
financing of real estate and proceeds from debt or equity offerings. We evaluate all of these options and may select
one or more of them depending on overall capital needs and the availability and cost of capital, although no
assurances can be provided that these capital sources will be available in sufficient amounts or with terms
acceptable to us.

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Available Sources
Below is a summary of our immediately available funds:

($ in millions) | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | Change |  | % Change
Cash and cash equivalents | $202.8 |  | $225.1 |  | $(22.3) |  | (9.9)%
Marketable securities | 52.1 |  | 53.4 |  | (1.3) |  | (2.4)
Available credit on credit facilities | 1,034.4 |  | 1,075.3 |  | (40.9) |  | (3.8)
Total current available funds | $1,289.3 |  | $1,353.8 |  | $(64.5) |  | (4.8)%

Information about our cash flows, by category, is presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The
following table summarizes our cash flows:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Cash Flow
Net cash provided by operating activities | $331.4 |  | $144.0 |  | $187.4
Net cash used in investing activities | (315.5) |  | (1,515.1) |  | 1,199.6
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (13.5) |  | 1,117.6 |  | (1,131.1)

Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $187.4 million compared to
the same period of 2024, primarily related to changes in inventories, net income, and other long-term liabilities and
deferred revenue, partially offset by changes in floor plan notes payable, accrued liabilities, and finance receivables
compared to the same period of 2024.
Borrowings from and repayments to our syndicated credit facilities related to our new vehicle inventory floor plan
financing are presented as financing activities. To better understand the impact of changes in inventory, other
assets, and the associated financing, we also consider our adjusted net cash provided by operating activities to
include borrowings or repayments associated with our new vehicle floor plan commitment and exclude the impact of
our financing receivables activity. Adjusted net cash provided by operating activities, a non-GAAP measure, is
presented below:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Cash Flow
Net cash provided by operating activities – as reported | $331.4 |  | $144.0 |  | $187.4
Adjust: Net (repayments) borrowings on floor plan notes payable, non-trade | (141.2) |  | 444.5 |  | (585.7)
Less: Borrowings on floor plan notes payable, non-trade associated with acquired new vehicle inventory | (45.6) |  | (22.7) |  | (22.9)
Adjust: Financing receivables activity | 432.1 |  | 386.9 |  | 45.2
Net cash provided by operating activities – adjusted | $576.7 |  | $952.7 |  | $(376.0)

Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $0.3 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, for the six months ended
June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Below are highlights of significant activity related to our cash flows from investing activities:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Cash Flow
Capital expenditures | $(148.8) |  | $(209.7) |  | $60.9
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (278.6) |  | (1,169.5) |  | 890.9
Net cash for other investments | (10.4) |  | (146.8) |  | 136.4
Proceeds from sales of stores | 104.4 |  | 6.9 |  | 97.5

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Capital Expenditures
Below is a summary of our capital expenditure activities ($ in millions):
Many manufacturers provide assistance in the form of additional incentives or assistance if facilities meet specified
standards and requirements. We expect that certain facility upgrades and remodels will generate additional
manufacturer incentive payments. Also, tax laws allowing accelerated deductions for capital expenditures reduce
the overall investment needed and encourage accelerated project timelines.
We expect to use a portion of our future capital expenditures to upgrade facilities that we recently acquired. This
additional capital investment is contemplated in our initial evaluation of the investment return metrics applied to
each acquisition and is usually associated with manufacturer standards and requirements.
Capital expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period of 2024 were lower for
existing facility purchases, maintenance, new operations purchases and improvements, and information technology,
and higher in existing operations improvements.
If we undertake a significant capital commitment in the future, we expect to pay for the commitment out of existing
cash balances, construction financing and borrowings on our credit facility. Upon completion of the projects, we
believe we would have the ability to secure long-term financing and general borrowings from third party lenders for
70% to 90% of the amounts expended, although no assurances can be provided that these financings will be
available to us in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us.
Acquisitions
We focus on acquiring stores at attractive purchase prices that meet our return thresholds and strategic objectives.
We look for acquisitions that diversify our brand and geographic mix as we continue to evaluate our portfolio to
minimize exposure to any one manufacturer and achieve financial returns.
We are able to subsequently floor new vehicle inventory acquired as part of an acquisition; however, the cash
generated by this transaction is recorded as borrowings on floor plan notes payable, non-trade.
Adjusted net cash paid for acquisitions, a non-GAAP measure, as well as certain other acquisition-related
information is presented below:

| Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2025 |  | 2024
Number of locations acquired | 4 |  | 142
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $(278.6) |  | $(1,169.5)
Add: Borrowings on floor plan notes payable: non-trade associated with acquired new vehicle inventory | 45.6 |  | 22.7
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired – adjusted | $(233.0) |  | $(1,146.8)

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We evaluate potential capital investments primarily based on targeted rates of return on assets and return on our
net equity investment.
Financing Activities
Adjusted net cash provided by financing activities, a non-GAAP measure, which is adjusted for borrowings and
repayments on floor plan facilities: non-trade and borrowings and repayments associated with our Financing
Operations segment was as follows:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Cash Flow
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities, as reported | $(13.5) |  | $1,117.6 |  | $(1,131.1)
Less: Net repayments (borrowings) on floor plan notes payable: non-trade | 141.2 |  | (444.5) |  | 585.7
Less: Net repayments (borrowings) on non-recourse notes payable | 67.4 |  | (320.2) |  | 387.6
Cash provided by financing activities, as adjusted | $195.1 |  | $352.9 |  | $(157.8)

Below are highlights of significant activity related to our cash flows from financing activities, excluding borrowings
and repayments on floor plan notes payable: non-trade, which are discussed above:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change
(In millions) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | in Cash Flow
Net borrowings on lines of credit | $587.6 |  | $458.7 |  | $128.9
Principal payments on long-term debt and finance lease liabilities, other | (15.4) |  | (15.1) |  | (0.3)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — |  | 179.8 |  | (179.8)
Principal payments on non-recourse notes payable | (631.4) |  | (418.8) |  | (212.6)
Proceeds from the issuance of non-recourse notes payable | 564.0 |  | 739.0 |  | (175.0)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 13.6 |  | 13.8 |  | (0.2)
Repurchase of common stock | (263.3) |  | (217.2) |  | (46.1)
Dividends paid | (28.2) |  | (28.2) |  | —

Equity Transactions
Over the last several years, our Board has authorized the repurchase of up to $2.4 billion of our Common Stock. We
repurchased a total of 827,241 shares of our Common Stock at an average price of $318.24 in the first six months
of 2025, consisting of 36,466 related to tax withholding on vesting RSU s, and 790,775 related to our repurchase
authorizations. As of June 30, 2025, we had $568.8 million remaining available for repurchases and the
authorizations do not have expiration dates.
In the first six months of 2025, we declared and paid dividends on our Common Stock as follows:

Dividend paid: | Dividend amount per share |  | Total amount of dividend (in millions)
March 2025 | $0.53 |  | $13.9
May 2025 | $0.55 |  | $14.3

We evaluate performance and make a recommendation to the Board on dividend payments on a quarterly basis.

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Summary of Outstanding Balances on Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt
Below is a summary of our outstanding balances on credit facilities and long-term debt:

| As of June 30, 2025 |  |
(In millions) | Outstanding |  | Remaining Available |  |
Floor plan note payable: non-trade | $2,724.7 |  | $— |  | 1
Floor plan notes payable | 2,163.3 |  | — |  |
Used and service loaner vehicle inventory financing commitments | 1,011.3 |  | 29.9 |  | 2
Revolving lines of credit | 1,792.1 |  | 978.1 |  | 2, 3
Warehouse facilities | 1,241.0 |  | 26.4 |  |
Non-recourse notes payable | 2,042.0 |  | — |  |
4.625% Senior notes due 2027 | 400.0 |  | — |  |
4.375% Senior notes due 2031 | 550.0 |  | — |  |
3.875% Senior notes due 2029 | 800.0 |  | — |  |
Real estate mortgages, finance lease obligations, and other debt | 986.4 |  | — |  |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (20.6) |  | — |  | 4
Total debt, net | $13,690.2 |  | $1,034.4 |  |

1 As of June 30, 2025, we had a $2.8 billion new vehicle floor plan commitment as part of our US Bank syndicated credit
facility, and a $500 million CAD wholesale floorplan commitment as part of our Bank of Nova Scotia syndicated credit facility.
2 The amount available on these credit facilities are limited based on borrowing base calculations and fluctuates monthly.
3 Available credit is based on the borrowing base amount effective as of May 31, 2025. This amount is reduced by $25.0
million for outstanding letters of credit.
4 Debt issuance costs are presented on the balance sheet as a reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability.
Financial Covenants
Our credit facilities, non-recourse notes payable, and senior notes contain customary representations and
warranties, conditions and covenants for transactions of these types.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 15 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements for discussion.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
There have been no material changes in the critical accounting policies and use of estimates described in our 2024
Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025.
Seasonality and Quarterly Fluctuations
Our North American operations generally experience lower volumes in the first quarter of each year due to
consumer purchasing patterns and inclement weather in certain of our markets. As a result, financial performance is
expected to be lower during the first quarter than during the second, third and fourth quarters of each fiscal year.
Our U.K. operations generally experience higher volumes in the first and third quarters of each year, due primarily to
new vehicle registration practices in the United Kingdom. We believe that interest rates, levels of consumer debt,
consumer confidence and manufacturer sales incentives, as well as general economic conditions, also contribute to
fluctuations in sales and operating results.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or
future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations,
liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our reported market risks or risk management policies since the filing of
our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We evaluated, with the participation and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief
Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by
this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial
Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we are
required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and that such information is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal
quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are party to numerous legal proceedings arising in the normal course of our business. Although we do not
anticipate that the resolution of legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business will have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, we cannot predict this with
certainty.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The information in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and information disclosed in
our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025. We have described in
our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, under Risk Factors in Item 1A, the primary risks related to our business and
securities.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We repurchased the following shares of our common stock during the second quarter of 2025:

For the full calendar month of | Total number of shares purchased 2 |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans 1 |  | Maximum dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under publicly announced plans (in thousands)1
April | 122,008 |  | $282.14 |  | 122,008 |  | $652,891
May | 181,167 |  | 312.39 |  | 181,079 |  | 596,322
June | 84,268 |  | 326.80 |  | 84,268 |  | 568,783
Total | 387,443 |  | 306.00 |  | 387,355 |  |

1 On June 4, 2024, our Board approved an additional $350 million repurchase authorization of our common stock and in
March 2025, our Board again approved an additional $350 million repurchase authorization of our common stock. These
authorizations were in addition to the amount previously authorized by the Board for repurchase. There are no expiration
dates for the share repurchase authorizations.
2 Of the shares repurchased in the second quarter of 2025, 88 shares were related to tax withholding upon the vesting of
RSU s.
Item 5. Other Information
No director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 plan or any non-Rule 1 0b5-1 trading arr angement
during the second quarter of 2025.

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Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed herewith and this list is intended to constitute the exhibit index.

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed or Furnished Herewith
Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File Number |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |
3.1 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation of Lithia Motors, Inc. |  | 10-Q |  | 001-14733 |  | 3.1 |  | 07/28/21 |  |
3.2 |  | Bylaws of Lithia Motors, Inc. as of July 25, 2024 |  | 8-K |  | 001-14733 |  | 3.1 |  | 07/30/24 |  |
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101 |  | Inline XBRL Document Set for the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X

|  |  | 41 |

Table of Contents
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: July 30, 2025 | LITHIA MOTORS, INC.
| Registrant
| By: | /s/ Tina Miller
|  | Tina Miller
|  | Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, and Principal Accounting Officer