<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950170-25-072053.txt : 20250515
<SEC-HEADER>0000950170-25-072053.hdr.sgml : 20250515
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250515090309
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950170-25-072053
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		16
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250512
ITEM INFORMATION:		Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250515
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250515

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			MKS INSTRUMENTS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001049502
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT, DISPLAY, AND CONTROL [3823]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		EIN:				042277512
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			MA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-23621
		FILM NUMBER:		25949141

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2 TECH DRIVE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 201
		CITY:			ANDOVER
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01810
		BUSINESS PHONE:		978-645-5500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2 TECH DRIVE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 201
		CITY:			ANDOVER
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01810
</SEC-HEADER>
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<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>mksi-20250512.htm
<DESCRIPTION>8-K
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    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;&#8239;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;&#8239;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Emerging growth company </span><span style="font-size:10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_30223e0b-ef74-4e2b-b549-f700e81a324d" contextRef="C_5e2ad407-022e-42db-b985-19596b62f2a7" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#9744;</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:2.25pt double #000000;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><h2 style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 3.03 Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.</span></h2><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The information set forth in Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.</span></p><h2 style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</span></h2><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">On May 12, 2025, the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) of MKS Instruments, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) appointed James A. Schreiner, age 63, who currently serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Materials Solutions Division, to serve as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, effective as of August 1, 2025. In this role, Mr. Schreiner will serve as the principal operating officer of the Company.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In addition, on May 12, 2025, the Board appointed David P. Henry, who currently serves as Executive Vice President, Operations and Corporate Marketing, to serve as Executive Vice President, Global Strategic Marketing and General Manager, Materials Solutions Division, effective as of August 1, 2025.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In connection with his appointment, Mr. Schreiner will receive (i) an increase in annual base salary from $510,000 to $600,000, effective as of August 3, 2025, (ii) a time-based restricted stock unit award with a grant date fair value of $125,000 (the &#8220;Time-Based RSUs&#8221;), (iii) a performance-based restricted stock unit award tied to Adjusted EBITDA for the year ending December 31, 2025 with a grant date value of $87,500 ($175,000 at maximum achievement) (the &#8220;Adjusted EBITDA RSUs&#8221;), and (iv) a performance-based restricted stock unit award tied to relative total shareholder return for the three-year period ending December 31, 2027 with a grant date value of $37,500 ($75,000 at maximum achievement) (the &#8220;rTSR RSUs&#8221; and, together with the Time-Based RSUs and the Adjusted EBITDA RSUs, the &#8220;RSUs&#8221;). The RSUs will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Company&#8217;s 2022 Stock Incentive Plan and the respective restricted stock unit agreement and are each expected to be granted on August 4, 2025. The Time-Based RSUs will vest in three equal annual installments beginning on February 15, 2026, the Adjusted EBITDA RSUs will vest in three equal annual installments beginning on February 15, 2026, subject to the achievement of performance criteria, and the rTSR RSUs will vest in full on February 15, 2028, subject to the achievement of performance criteria.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In connection with his appointment, Mr. Henry will receive an increase in annual base salary from $510,000 to $575,000, effective as of August 3, 2025.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Mr. Schreiner&#8217;s biographical information is set forth in the section entitled &#8220;Executive Officers&#8221; of the Company&#8217;s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2025 (the &#8220;Proxy Statement&#8221;), which information is incorporated herein by reference. There are no arrangements or understandings between Mr. Schreiner and any other persons pursuant to which Mr. Schreiner assumed the role of principal operating officer of the Company. There are also no family relationships between Mr. Schreiner and any other director or executive officer of the Company. In addition, Mr. Schreiner has no direct or indirect material interest in any &#8220;related person&#8221; transaction or proposed transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.</span></p><h2 style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</span></h2><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Restated Articles of Organization	</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">At the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company (the &#8220;2025 Annual Meeting&#8221;) held on May 12, 2025, shareholders of the Company approved amendments to the Company&#8217;s Restated Articles of Organization, as amended (the &#8220;Articles&#8221;), to (i) lower the voting requirement for certain matters from a supermajority to a simple majority voting standard and (ii) change the Company&#8217;s name to MKS Inc. (collectively, the &#8220;Articles Amendments&#8221;). Following shareholder approval of the Articles Amendments proposals, the Company filed the Restated Articles of Organization with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to effect the Articles Amendments on May 16, 2025.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The foregoing summary of the Articles Amendments is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Restated Articles of Organization, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Amendments to Second Amended and Restated By-Laws</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">At the 2025 Annual Meeting, shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company&#8217;s Second Amended and Restated By-Laws (the &#8220;By-Laws&#8221;) to lower the voting requirement to amend the By-Laws from a supermajority to a simple majority voting standard (the &#8220;By-Laws Supermajority Amendment&#8221;). The By-Laws Supermajority Amendment became effective immediately upon approval by the shareholders of the Company.</span></p></div></div>
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  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><div style="z-index:2;min-height:0.5in;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In connection with the change to the Company&#8217;s name to MKS Inc., the Board approved an additional administrative amendment to the By-Laws to reflect the name change (the &#8220;By-Laws Name Change Amendment&#8221; and, together with the By-Laws Supermajority Amendment, the &#8220;By-Laws Amendments&#8221;) effective as of May 16, 2025.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The foregoing summary of the By-Laws Amendments is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the By-Laws Amendments, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.2 and is incorporated herein by reference.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><h2 style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 5.07 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</span></h2><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The following sets forth the results of voting by shareholders at the 2025 Annual Meeting:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:24.5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">a) Election of two Class II Directors to serve for a three-year term and until their successors are elected:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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      <td style="width:2.8%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:15.32%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:1.2%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:25.96%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:1.2%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
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     <tr style="height:8pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Director Nominee</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes For</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Withheld</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">John T.C. Lee</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">59,950,434</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">379,281</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Jacqueline F. Moloney</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">56,793,851</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3,535,864</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There were broker non-votes of 2,656,076 shares on this proposal.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:24.5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">b)	Approval of an amendment to the Articles, to lower the voting requirement for approval of certain matters from a supermajority to a simple majority voting standard:<br/></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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     <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
      <td style="width:22.404%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:32.246%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:37.708%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     </tr>
     <tr style="white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:8pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes For</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Against</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Abstained</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">60,179,342</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">141,373</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">9,000</span></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There were broker non-votes of 2,656,076</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">shares on this proposal.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:24.5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">c) Approval of an amendment to the By-Laws to lower the voting requirement for approval of an amendment to the By-Laws from a supermajority to a simple majority voting standard:<br/></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
    <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
     <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
      <td style="width:22.404%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:32.246%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:37.708%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     </tr>
     <tr style="white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:8pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes For</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Against</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Abstained</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">60,177,711</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">141,905</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">10,099</span></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There were broker non-votes of 2,656,076 shares on this proposal.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:24.5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">d)	Approval of an amendment to the Articles to change the Company&#8217;s name to MKS Inc.:<br/></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
    <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
     <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
      <td style="width:22.404%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:32.246%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:37.708%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     </tr>
     <tr style="white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:8pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes For</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Against</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Abstained</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">62,899,742</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">50,381</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">35,668</span></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There were no broker non-votes for this proposal.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:24.5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">e) Approval of compensation paid to the Company&#8217;s Named Executive Officers, as disclosed pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables and any related material disclosed in the Proxy Statement for this meeting:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
    <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
     <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
      <td style="width:22.404%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:32.246%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:37.708%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     </tr>
     <tr style="white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:8pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes For</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Against</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Abstained</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">56,421,149</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3,869,214</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">39,352</span></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div></div>
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;margin-top:auto;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;width:8.5in;page-break-after:always;"/>
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><div style="z-index:2;min-height:0.5in;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There were broker non-votes of 2,656,076 shares on this proposal.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:24.5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">f) Ratification of the selection</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2025:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
    <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
     <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
      <td style="width:22.404%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:32.246%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.821%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:37.708%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     </tr>
     <tr style="white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:8pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes For</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Against</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Votes Abstained</span></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:10pt;background-color:#cceeff;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">59,584,955</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3,381,199</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">19,637</span></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There were no broker non-votes for this proposal.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><h2 style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.</span></h2><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">On May 15, 2025, the Company issued a press release announcing the change to the Company&#8217;s name to MKS Inc., effective May 16, 2025, as described further under Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The information in this Item 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K, including the press release attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1, is being furnished pursuant to Item 7.01 and shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth in such filing.</span></p><h2 style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</span></h2><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(d) Exhibits</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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      <td style="width:0.995%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:5.63%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:3.541%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
      <td style="width:89.835%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
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      <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit</span></p><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;No.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">    </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.03in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Description</span></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:1pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:1pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:1pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:1pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3.1</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.03in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="mksi-ex3_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Restated Articles of Organization</span></a></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3.2</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.03in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="mksi-ex3_2.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Amendments to Second Amended and Restated By-Laws</span></a></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">99.1</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.03in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="mksi-ex99_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Press Release dated May 15, 2025</span></a></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">104</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.03in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></p></td>
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    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div></div>
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;margin-top:auto;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;width:8.5in;page-break-after:always;"/>
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><div style="z-index:2;min-height:0.5in;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.35pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SIGNATURES</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.35pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>
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      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:4.3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:4.3pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.</span></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:4.3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Date:</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:4.3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">May 15, 2025</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:4.3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.25pt solid;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:4.3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ Kathleen F. Burke</span></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0.01in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.35pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name: Kathleen F. Burke<br/>Title: Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary</span></p></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>mksi-ex3_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-3.1
<TEXT>
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  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit 3.1</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Commonwealth of Massachusetts</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">William Francis Galvin</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Secretary of the Commonwealth</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">One Ashburton Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02108-1512</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Restated Articles of Organization</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(General Laws Chapter 156D, Section 10.07; 950 CMR 113.35)</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(1)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exact name of corporation:  MKS Instruments, Inc.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(2)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Registered office address:    c/o Cogency Global Inc., 45 School Street, Suite 202, Boston, MA 02108</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(3)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Date adopted: May 12, 2025</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(4)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Approved by:</font></div></div><p style="margin-left:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">check appropriate box</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">)</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the directors without shareholder approval and shareholder approval was not required;</font></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">OR</font></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9746;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the board of directors and the shareholders in the manner required by G.L. Chapter 156D and the corporation&#x2019;s articles of organization.</font></p></td>
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    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(5)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The following information is required to be included in the articles of organization pursuant to G.L. Chapter 156D, Section 2.02 except that the supplemental information provided for in Article VIII is not required:*</font><font style="color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></div></div><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE I</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The exact name of the corporation is: MKS Inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE II</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Unless the articles of organization otherwise provide, all corporations formed pursuant to G.L. Chapter 156D have the purpose of engaging in any lawful business. Please specify if you want a more limited purpose:**</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE CORPORATION IS FORMED ARE AS FOLLOWS:</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To design, manufacture, sell, lease and license instruments of all kinds, including electromechanical, electronic and mechanical gauges for the measurement of pressure, temperature, acceleration, flow and level of liquids and gases; to design, manufacture, sell, lease</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div></div>
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   <hr style="border-top: 2px solid black; width: 192px; margin-left:0px"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:6.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">*</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> Changes to Article VIII must be made by filing a statement of change of supplemental information form.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">** Professional corporations governed by G.L. Chapter 156A and must specify the professional activities of the corporation.</font></p><div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;width:8.5in;page-break-after:always;">
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">and license control systems incorporating measuring devices, and control systems separate from measuring devices, for the control of production processes and operations of all kinds; to design, manufacture, sell, lease and license instrumentation for military use; to design, manufacture, sell, lease and license instrumentation for use in research laboratories, in industry, in educational institutions, for medical purposes and for use elsewhere and for other purposes; and in general to design, manufacture, sell, lease and license electro-mechanical, electronic and mechanical devices of all kinds.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To buy and sell at wholesale and retail, or otherwise, to manufacture, produce, adapt, repair, dispose of, export, import and in any other manner to deal in goods, wares, merchandise, articles and things of manufacture or otherwise of all materials, supplies and other articles and things necessary or convenient for use in connection with any of said businesses or any other business or any part thereof; and to manufacture, repair, purchase, sell, lease, dispose of and otherwise deal in machinery, tools, and appliances which are or may be used in connection with the purchase, sale, production, adaption, repair, disposition of, export, import or other dealings in said goods, wares, merchandise, articles and things.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To purchase, lease or otherwise acquire as a going concern or otherwise all or any part of the franchises, rights, property, assets, business, good will or capital stock of any persons, firm, corporation, trust or association engaged in whole or in part in any business in which this corporation is empowered to engage, or in any other business; to pay for the same in whole or in part in cash, stock, bonds, notes, securities or other evidence of indebtedness of this corporation or in any other manner; to assume as part of the consideration or otherwise any and all debts, contracts or liabilities, matured or unmatured, fixed or contingent, of any such person, firm or corporation, trust or association; and to operate, manage, develop and generally to carry on the whole or any part of any such business under any name or names which it may select or designate.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To construct, lease, hire, purchase or otherwise acquire and hold or maintain, and to rebuild, enlarge, improve, furnish, equip, alter, operate and dispose of warehouses, factories, offices and other buildings, real estate, structures or parts thereof, and appliances for the preparation, manufacture, purchase, sale and distribution of goods, wares, merchandise, things, and articles of all kinds.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To acquire, hold, use, sell, assign, lease, grant licenses in respect of, mortgage, or otherwise dispose of franchises, letters patent of the United States or of any foreign country, patent rights, licenses and privileges, inventions, improvements and processes, systems, copyrights, trade-marks and trade names, relating to, or useful in connection with, any business of this corporation.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To buy or otherwise acquire, to sell, assign, pledge, or otherwise dispose of and deal in stocks, bonds, securities, notes and other obligations of any person, firm or corporation, including this corporation, organized for or engaged in similar or cognate purposes; also stocks, bonds, securities, notes, and other obligations of any person, firm, or corporation, including this corporation, which it may be found or deemed necessary, valuable, or convenient for this corporation to acquire and deal in, in pursuance or furtherance of or in connection with the businesses herein specified, or any other business.</font></p></div></div>
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  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;width:8.5in;page-break-after:always;">
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To borrow money and contract indebtedness for all proper corporate purposes, to issue bonds, notes, and other evidences of indebtedness, to secure the same by pledge, mortgage, or lien on all or any part of the property of the corporation, tangible or intangible; and to assume or guarantee or secure in like manner or otherwise, the leases, contracts, or other obligations, fixed or contingent, or the payment of any dividends on any stock or shares or of the principal or interest on any bonds, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness of any person, firm, corporation, trust, or association in which this corporation has a financial interest.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To enter into, make, and perform contracts of every name, nature, and kind with any person, firm, association, or corporation which may be deemed valuable, expedient, or convenient for this corporation in pursuance of or in furtherance of or in connection with any of the objects of incorporation of this corporation or in connection with any of the businesses or purposes herein specified.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The enumeration of specific powers herein shall not be construed as limiting or restricting in any way the general powers herein set forth, but nothing herein contained shall be construed as authorizing the business of banking.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE III</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">State the total number of shares and par value, *</font><font style="color:#ffffff;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">if any, of each class of stock that the corporation is authorized to issue. All corporations must authorize stock. If only one class or series is authorized, it is not necessary to specify any particular designation.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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      <td style="width:13%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
      <td style="width:28%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
      <td style="width:13.24%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
      <td style="width:28%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
      <td style="width:17.76%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
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     <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
      <td colspan="2" style="border-top:0.5pt solid;padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;border-left:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">WITHOUT PAR VALUE</font></p></td>
      <td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.5pt solid;padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">WITH PAR VALUE</font></p></td>
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     <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;border-left:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">TYPE</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">NUMBER OF SHARES</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">TYPE</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">NUMBER OF SHARES</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">PAR VALUE</font></p></td>
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      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;border-left:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">200,000,000</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     </tr>
     <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;border-left:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Preferred</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Preferred</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2,000,000</font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">$0.01</font></p></td>
     </tr>
    </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE IV</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Prior to the issuance of shares of any class or series, the articles of organization must set forth the preferences, limitations and relative rights of that class or series. The articles may also limit the type or specify the minimum amount of consideration for which shares of any class or series may be issued. Please set forth the preferences, limitations and relative rights of each class or series and, if desired, the required type and minimum amount of consideration to be received.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the corporation shall have authority to issue is 202,000,000 shares, consisting of (i) 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock, no par value per share (&#34;Common Stock&#34;), and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (&#34;Preferred Stock&#34;). Upon the filing of the corporation's Restated Articles of Organization on March 24, 1999 (the &#34;Mandatory Conversion Date&#34;) each share of Class A Common Stock, no par value per share, and each share of Class B Common Stock, no par value per share (together with the Class A Common Stock, the &#34;Class Common Stock&#34;), shall be converted into one share of Common Stock, no par value per share. All holders of record of</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div></div>
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;margin-top:auto;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;">
   <hr style="border-top: 2px solid black; width: 192px; margin-left:0px"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">* G.L. Chapter 156D eliminates the concept of par value, however a corporation may specify par value in Article III. See G.L. Chapter 156D, Section 6.21, and the comments relative thereto.</font></p><div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;width:8.5in;page-break-after:always;">
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">shares of Class Common Stock shall be given written notice of the Mandatory Conversion Date and the place designated for mandatory conversion of all such shares of Class Common Stock pursuant to this provision. Such notice need not be given in advance of the occurrence of the Mandatory Conversion Date. Such notice shall be sent by first class or registered mail, postage prepaid, to each record holder of Class Common Stock at such holder's address last shown on the records of the transfer agent for the Class Common Stock (or the records of the corporation, if it serves as its own transfer agent). Upon receipt of such notice, each holder of shares of Class Common Stock shall surrender his or its certificate or certificates for all such shares to the corporation at the place designated in such notice, and shall thereafter receive certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of shares of Class Common Stock represented by such certificates. On the Mandatory Conversion Date, all rights with respect to the Class Common Stock so converted, including the rights, if any, to receive notices and vote (other than as a holder of Common Stock) will terminate, except only the rights of the holders thereof, upon surrender of their certificate or certificates therefor, to receive certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock into which such Class Common Stock has been converted, and payment of any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. If so required by the corporation, certificates surrendered for conversion shall be endorsed or accompanied by written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the corporation, duly executed by the registered holder or by his or its attorney duly authorized in writing. As soon as practicable after the Mandatory Conversion Date and the surrender of the certificate or certificates for Class Common Stock, the corporation shall cause to be issued and delivered to such holder, or on his or its written order, a certificate or certificates for the number of full shares of Common Stock issuable on such conversion in accordance with the provisions hereof.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">All certificates evidencing shares of Class Common Stock which are required to be surrendered for conversion in accordance with the provisions hereof shall, from and after the Mandatory Conversion Date, be deemed to have been retired and cancelled and the shares of Class Common Stock represented thereby converted into Common Stock for all purposes, notwithstanding the failure of the holder or holders thereof to surrender such certificates on or prior to such date.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The following is a statement of the designation and the powers, privileges and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof in respect of each class of capital stock of the corporation.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">A.        COMMON STOCK.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1. GENERAL. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock of any series as may be designated by the Board of Directors upon any issuance of the Preferred Stock of any series.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2. VOTING. The holders of the Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held at all meetings of stockholders (and written actions in lieu of meetings). There shall be no cumulative voting.</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;margin-top:auto;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;"></div></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;width:8.5in;page-break-after:always;">
  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3. DIVIDENDS. Dividends may be declared and paid on the Common Stock from funds lawfully available therefor as and when determined by the Board of Directors and subject to any preferential dividend rights of any then outstanding Preferred Stock.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4. LIQUIDATION. Upon the dissolution or liquidation of the corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive all assets of the corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, subject to any preferential rights of any then outstanding Preferred Stock.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">B.        PREFERRED STOCK.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each of such series to have such terms as stated or expressed herein and in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such series adopted by the Board of Directors of the corporation as hereinafter provided. Any shares of Preferred Stock which may be redeemed, purchased or acquired by the corporation may be reissued except as otherwise provided by law. Different series of Preferred Stock shall not be construed to constitute different classes of shares for the purposes of voting by classes unless expressly provided.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Authority is hereby expressly granted to the Board of Directors from time to time to issue the Preferred Stock in one or more series, and in connection with the creation of any such series, by resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the shares thereof, to determine and fix such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including without limitation thereof, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, as shall be stated and expressed in such resolutions, all to the full extent now or hereafter permitted by Chapter 156B of the Massachusetts General Laws. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolutions providing for issuance of any series of Preferred Stock may provide that such series shall be superior or rank equally or be junior to the Preferred Stock of any other series to the extent permitted by law. No vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock or Common Stock shall be a prerequisite to the issuance of any shares of any series of the Preferred Stock authorized by and complying with the conditions of the Articles of Organization, the right to have such vote being expressly waived by all present and future holders of the capital stock of the corporation.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE V</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The restrictions, if any, imposed by the articles or organization upon the transfer of shares of any class or series of stock are:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">None.</font></p></div></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE VI</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Other lawful provisions, and if there are no such provisions, this article may be left blank.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6A.      LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Except to the extent that Chapter 156B of the Massachusetts General Laws prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors for breaches of fiduciary duty, no director of the corporation shall be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, notwithstanding any provision of law imposing such liability. No amendment to or repeal of this provision shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director of the corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6B.      INDEMNIFICATION</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1. ACTIONS, SUITS AND PROCEEDINGS. The corporation shall indemnify each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at the request of the corporation, as a director or officer of, or in a similar capacity with, another organization or in any capacity with respect to any employee benefit plan of the corporation (all such persons being referred to hereafter as an &#34;Indemnitee&#34;), or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments and fines incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, unless the Indemnitee shall be finally adjudicated in such action, suit or proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the corporation or, to the extent such matter relates to service with respect to an employee benefit plan, in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of such employee benefit plan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article, except as set forth in Section 6 below, the corporation shall not indemnify an Indemnitee seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the Indemnitee unless the initiation thereof was approved by the Board of Directors of the corporation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article, the corporation shall not indemnify an Indemnitee to the extent such Indemnitee is reimbursed from the proceeds of insurance, and in the event the corporation makes any indemnification payments to an Indemnitee and the Indemnitee is subsequently reimbursed from the proceeds of insurance, such Indemnitee shall promptly refund such indemnification payments to the corporation to the extent of such insurance reimbursement.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2. SETTLEMENTS AND COMPROMISE. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall include the right to be paid by the corporation for amounts paid in settlement or compromise of any such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, and all expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with such settlement or compromise, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, unless and to the extent it is determined pursuant to Section 5 below that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the corporation or, to the extent such matter relates to service with respect to an employee benefit plan, in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of such employee benefit plan.</font></p></div></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3. NOTIFICATION AND DEFENSE OF CLAIM. As a condition precedent to his right to be indemnified, the Indemnitee must notify the corporation in writing as soon as practicable of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation involving him for which indemnity will or could be sought. With respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation of which the corporation is so notified, the corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense and/or to assume the defense thereof at its own expense, with legal counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnitee. After notice from the corporation to the Indemnitee of its election so to assume such defense, the corporation shall not be liable to the Indemnitee for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such claim, other than as provided below in this Section 3. The Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his own counsel in connection with such claim, but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the corporation of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of the Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been authorized by the corporation, (ii) counsel to the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest or position on any significant issue between the corporation and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action or (iii) the corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel for the Indemnitee shall be at the expense of the corporation, except as otherwise expressly provided by this Article. The corporation shall not be entitled, without the consent of the Indemnitee, to assume the defense of any claim brought by or in the right of the corporation or as to which counsel for the Indemnitee shall have reasonably made the conclusion provided for in clause (ii) above.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4. ADVANCE OF EXPENSES. Subject to the provisions of Section 5 below, in the event that the corporation does not assume the defense pursuant to Section 3 of this Article of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation of which the corporation receives notice under this Article, any expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by an Indemnitee in defending a civil or criminal action, suit, proceeding or investigation or any appeal therefrom shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such matter; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the payment of such expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of the final disposition of such matter shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay all amounts so advanced in the event that it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article. Such undertaking shall be accepted without reference to the financial ability of the Indemnitee to make such repayment.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">5. PROCEDURE FOR INDEMNIFICATION. In order to obtain indemnification or advancement of expenses pursuant to Section 1, 2 or 4 of this Article, the Indemnitee shall submit to the corporation a written request, including in such request such documentation and information as is reasonably available to the Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses. Any such indemnification or advancement of expenses shall be made promptly, and in any event within 60 days after receipt by the corporation of the written request of the Indemnitee, unless the corporation determines within such 60-day period that the Indemnitee did not meet the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or 2, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made in each instance by (a) a majority vote of a quorum of the directors of the corporation, (b) a majority vote of a quorum of the outstanding shares of</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">stock of all classes entitled to vote for directors, voting as a single class, which quorum shall consist of stockholders who are not at that time parties to the action, suit or proceeding in question, (c) independent legal counsel (who may, to the extent permitted by law, be regular legal counsel to the corporation), or (d) a court of competent jurisdiction.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6. REMEDIES. The right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article shall be enforceable by the Indemnitee in any court of competent jurisdiction if the corporation denies such request, in whole or in part, or if no disposition thereof is made within the 60-day period referred to above in Section 5. Unless otherwise required by law, the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article shall be on the corporation. Neither the failure of the corporation to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the corporation pursuant to Section 5 that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct. The Indemnitee's expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with successfully establishing his right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such proceeding shall also be indemnified by the corporation.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7. SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENT. No amendment, termination or repeal of this Article or of the relevant provisions of Chapter 156B of the Massachusetts General Laws or any other applicable laws shall affect or diminish in any way the rights of any Indemnitee to indemnification under the provisions hereof with respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation arising out of or relating to any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the final adoption of such amendment, termination or repeal.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">8. OTHER RIGHTS. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which an Indemnitee seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any law (common or statutory), agreement or vote of stockholders or directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in any other capacity while holding office for the corporation, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer, and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors and administrators of the Indemnitee. Nothing contained in this Article shall be deemed to prohibit, and the corporation is specifically authorized to enter into, agreement with officers and directors providing indemnification rights and procedures different from those set forth in this Article. In addition, the corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by its Board of Directors, grant indemnification rights to other employees or agents of the corporation or other persons serving the corporation and such rights may be equivalent to, or greater or less than, those set forth in this Article.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">9. PARTIAL INDEMNIFICATION. If an Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Article to indemnification by the corporation for some or a portion of the expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines or amounts paid in settlement or compromise actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation and any appeal therefrom but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines or amounts paid in settlement or compromise to which the Indemnitee is entitled.</font></p></div></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">10. INSURANCE. The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or another organization or employee benefit plan against any expense, liability or loss incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under Chapter 156B of the Massachusetts General Laws.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">11. MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION. If the corporation is merged into or consolidated with another corporation and the corporation is not the surviving corporation, the surviving corporation shall assume the obligations of the corporation under this Article with respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation arising out of or relating to any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the date of such merger or consolidation.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">12. SAVINGS CLAUSE. If this Article or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnitee as to any expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement or compromise in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal or administrative, including an action by or in the right of the corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">13. SUBSEQUENT LEGISLATION. If the Massachusetts General Laws are amended after adoption of this Article to expand further the indemnification permitted to Indemnitees, then the corporation shall indemnify such persons to the fullest extent permitted by the Massachusetts General Laws, as so amended.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6C.      OTHER PROVISIONS</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) The directors may make, amend, or repeal the By-Laws in whole or in part, except with respect to any provision of such By-Laws which by law or these Articles of Organization or the By-Laws requires action by the stockholders.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be held anywhere in the United States.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(c) The corporation shall have the power to be a partner in any business enterprise which this corporation would have the power to conduct by itself.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(d) Notwithstanding any other provisions of these Restated Articles of Organization or the By-Laws or the fact that a higher percentage may be specified by law, the corporation, by vote of a majority of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon (or if there are two or more classes of stock entitled to vote as separate classes, then by vote of a majority of each such class of stock outstanding), may (i) approve any amendment to these Articles of Organization pursuant to Section 10.03 of Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws, as amended from time to time, (ii) sell, lease, exchange, or otherwise dispose of all, or substantially all, of its property, otherwise than in the usual and regular course of business, pursuant to Section 12.02 of Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws, as amended from time to time, (iii) approve a plan of merger or share exchange pursuant to Section 11.04 of Chapter 156D of the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Massachusetts General Laws, as amended from time to time, (iv) approve a plan of domestication of the corporation to a foreign jurisdiction pursuant to Section 9.21 of Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws, as amended from time to time, (v) approve of a plan of entity conversion to a domestic or foreign other entity in accordance with Section 9.52 Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws, as amended from time to time, and (vi) approve a proposal to dissolve the corporation in accordance with Section 14.02 Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws, as amended from time to time.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(e) Chapter 110F of the Massachusetts General Laws, as it may be amended from time to time, shall not apply to the corporation.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Note: The preceding six (6) articles are considered to be permanent and may be changed only by filing appropriate articles of amendment.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE VII</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The effective date of the restated Articles of Organization of the corporation shall be the date approved and filed by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. If a later effective date is desired, specify such date which shall not be more than thirty days after the date of filing: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">12:01 a.m. on May 16, 2025</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">It is hereby certified that these restated articles of organization consolidate all amendments into a single document. 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      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Signed by: /s/ John T.C. Lee</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
      <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(signature of authorized individual)</font></p><p style="margin-left:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744; Chairman of the board of directors,</font></p><p style="margin-left:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9746; President,</font></p><p style="margin-left:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744; Other officer,</font></p><p style="margin-left:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744; Court-appointed fiduciary</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:24pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">On the </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">12th</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> day of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">May</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2025</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p></div></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>mksi-ex3_2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-3.2
<TEXT>
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  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit 3.2</font></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:1in;width:6.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:1in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">AMENDMENTS TO</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">OF</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">MKS INC.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">1.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The name of the Corporation where it appears on the cover page of the Second Amended and Restated By-Laws is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:</font></div></div><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">MKS INC.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:0.25in;display:flex;margin-top:10pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:0.25in;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.9998336002662396%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">2.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Article VIII of the Second Amended and Restated By-Laws is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:</font></div></div><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE VIII</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">AMENDMENTS</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">These By-Laws may be amended by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of each class of the capital stock at the time outstanding and entitled to vote at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, if notice of the substance of the proposed amendment is stated in the notice of such meeting. If authorized by the Articles of Organization, the Board of Directors, by a majority of their number then in office, may also make, amend or repeal these By-Laws, in whole or in part, except with respect to (a) the provisions of these By-Laws governing (i) the removal of directors and (ii) the amendment of these By-Laws and (b) any provision of these By-Laws which by law, the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws requires action by the stockholders.</font></p><p style="text-indent:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Not later than the time of giving notice of the meeting of stockholders next following the making, amending or repealing by the Board of Directors of any By-Law, notice stating the substance of such change shall be given to all stockholders entitled to vote on amending the By-Laws.</font></p></div></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>mksi-ex99_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.1
<TEXT>
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  <div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><div style="z-index:2;min-height:1.5in;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit 99.1</font></p><p style="text-indent:-36pt;padding-left:36pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><img src="img23390321_0.jpg" alt="img23390321_0.jpg" style="width:718px;height:108px;"></p></div></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="fixed-width-container" style="margin-left:auto;padding-left:0.5in;width:7.5in;box-sizing:content-box;margin-right:auto;padding-right:0.5in;"><p style="padding-bottom:5pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:10pt;border-bottom:3pt solid #80c41c;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#005488;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Semibold',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">MKS Instruments Announces<br>Change of Corporate Name to MKS Inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ANDOVER, Mass., May 15, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- MKS Instruments, Inc. (NASDAQ: MKSI) (&#x201c;MKS&#x201d;), a global provider of enabling technologies that transform our world, announced today that its shareholders have approved the change of the Company&#x2019;s name to &#x201c;MKS Inc.&#x201d; and the change is effective May 16, 2025.</font><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">John T.C. Lee, President and CEO of MKS, said: &#x201c;Since its founding in 1961 as an industrial instruments company, MKS has significantly expanded and entered new markets through organic growth from investment in research and development and strategic acquisitions, such as Newport in 2016, ESI in 2019, and Atotech in 2022. The name MKS Inc. better reflects the breadth and scope of our current and future business as a provider of not only industrial instruments but also world-class subsystems, systems, process control solutions, and specialty chemicals technology that improve process performance, optimize productivity, and enable unique innovations for many of the world&#x2019;s leading technology and industrial companies. This change commemorates the &#x201c;new&#x201d; MKS that has been years in the making.&#x201d;</font><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Company&#x2019;s stock will continue to trade on Nasdaq under its current symbol &#x201c;MKSI&#x201d; and the name change will have no effect on MKS&#x2019; corporate structure or the names of any of its subsidiaries.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#333333;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">About MKS Instruments</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">MKS Instruments, Inc. enables technologies that transform our world. We deliver foundational technology solutions to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, electronics and packaging, and specialty industrial applications. We apply our broad science and engineering capabilities to create instruments, subsystems, systems, process control solutions and specialty chemicals technology that improve process performance, optimize productivity and enable unique innovations for many of the world&#x2019;s leading technology and industrial companies. Our solutions are critical to addressing the challenges of miniaturization and complexity in advanced device manufacturing by enabling increased power, speed, feature enhancement, and optimized connectivity. Our solutions are also critical to addressing ever-increasing performance requirements across a wide array of specialty industrial applications. Additional information can be found at </font><font><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">www.mks.com</font></font><font style="color:#333d47;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">###</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Contacts:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Bill Casey</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Vice President, Marketing</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Telephone: +1 (630) 995-6384</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Email: press@mksinst.com</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Kelly Kerry, Partner</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Kekst CNC</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Email: kerry.kelly@kekstcnc.com</font></p></div></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>mksi-20250512.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA WITH EMBEDDED LINKBASES DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2025-05-14T13:04:19.5714+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2025 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://www.mksinst.com/20250512" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:mksi="http://www.mksinst.com/20250512" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2024" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
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          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
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          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
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          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
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          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl"/>
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          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl"/>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
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          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
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<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document And Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 12, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 12,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001049502<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-23621<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">04-2277512<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2 Tech Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 201<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Andover<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">01810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">645-5500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, no par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">MKSI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<tr>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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