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Loans (Tables) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans | Loans were as follows:
| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Commercial and industrial | $ | 5,531,820 |  |  | $ | 5,364,954 |
Energy: |  |  |
Production | 701,975 |  |  | 878,436 |
Service | 127,065 |  |  | 105,901 |
Other | 89,085 |  |  | 93,455 |
Total energy | 918,125 |  |  | 1,077,792 |
Paycheck Protection Program | 51,048 |  |  | 428,882 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |
Commercial mortgages | 6,149,504 |  |  | 5,867,062 |
Construction | 1,557,415 |  |  | 1,304,271 |
Land | 524,423 |  |  | 405,277 |
Total commercial real estate | 8,231,342 |  |  | 7,576,610 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |
Home equity loans | 401,234 |  |  | 324,157 |
Home equity lines of credit | 661,618 |  |  | 519,098 |
Other | 652,884 |  |  | 567,535 |
Total consumer real estate | 1,715,736 |  |  | 1,410,790 |
Total real estate | 9,947,078 |  |  | 8,987,400 |
Consumer and other | 502,558 |  |  | 477,369 |
Total loans | $ | 16,950,629 |  |  | $ | 16,336,397 |
Non-Accrual Loans, Segregated by Class of Loans | Non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:
| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Total Non-Accrual |  | Non-Accrual with No Credit Loss Allowance |  | Total Non-Accrual |  | Non-Accrual with No Credit Loss Allowance
Commercial and industrial | $ | 7,267 |  |  | $ | 4,425 |  |  | $ | 22,582 |  |  | $ | 4,701 |
Energy | 16,134 |  |  | 7,277 |  |  | 14,433 |  |  | 8,533 |
Paycheck Protection Program | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land and other | 5,489 |  |  | 2,497 |  |  | 15,297 |  |  | 13,817 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | 948 |  |  | — |
Consumer real estate | 1,014 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 440 |  |  | 138 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Total | $ | 29,904 |  |  | $ | 14,911 |  |  | $ | 53,713 |  |  | $ | 27,202 |
Financing Receivable, Non-Accrual Loans, Segregated by Class of Loan and Year of Origination | The following table presents non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2022 by class and year of origination.
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 1,065 |  |  | $ | 3,245 |  |  | $ | 1,439 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 467 |  |  | $ | 732 |  |  | $ | 7,267 |
Energy | 5,154 |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,746 |  |  | 1,753 |  |  | 16,134 |
Paycheck Protection Program | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land and other | 1,083 |  |  | 2,408 |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,489 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 363 |  |  | — |  |  | 651 |  |  | 1,014 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 6,237 |  |  | $ | 2,493 |  |  | $ | 1,137 |  |  | $ | 4,862 |  |  | $ | 1,729 |  |  | $ | 2,097 |  |  | $ | 8,213 |  |  | $ | 3,136 |  |  | $ | 29,904 |
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans, Segregated by Class of Loans | An age analysis of past due loans (including both accruing and non-accruing loans), segregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2022 was as follows:
| Loans 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Loans 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due Loans |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial | $ | 26,481 |  |  | $ | 4,629 |  |  | $ | 31,110 |  |  | $ | 5,500,710 |  |  | $ | 5,531,820 |  |  | $ | 2,443 |
Energy | 2,211 |  |  | 7,745 |  |  | 9,956 |  |  | 908,169 |  |  | 918,125 |  |  | — |
Paycheck Protection Program | 13,841 |  |  | 7,879 |  |  | 21,720 |  |  | 29,328 |  |  | 51,048 |  |  | 7,879 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land and other | 20,434 |  |  | 2,341 |  |  | 22,775 |  |  | 6,651,152 |  |  | 6,673,927 |  |  | 1,731 |
Construction | 1,238 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 1,556,177 |  |  | 1,557,415 |  |  | — |
Consumer real estate | 7,169 |  |  | 2,110 |  |  | 9,279 |  |  | 1,706,457 |  |  | 1,715,736 |  |  | 1,803 |
Consumer and other | 5,611 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 6,102 |  |  | 496,456 |  |  | 502,558 |  |  | 491 |
Total | $ | 76,985 |  |  | $ | 25,195 |  |  | $ | 102,180 |  |  | $ | 16,848,449 |  |  | $ | 16,950,629 |  |  | $ | 14,347 |
Troubled debt restructurings | Troubled debt restructurings during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are set forth in the following table.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
| Balance at Restructure |  | Balance at Period-End |  | Balance at Restructure |  | Balance at Period-End
Commercial and industrial | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,312 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |
Energy | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,817 |  |  | 3,566 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land and other | 1,155 |  |  | 1,083 |  |  | 1,888 |  |  | 1,875 |
| $ | 1,155 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 7,017 |  |  | $ | 6,678 |
Restructured Loans Past Due in Excess of 90 Days on Financing Receivables | Information as of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 related to loans restructured during the preceding twelve months is set forth in the following table.
| September 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2021
Restructured loans past due in excess of 90 days at period-end: |  |  |
Number of loans | — |  |  | 1 |
Dollar amount of loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 306 |
Restructured loans on non-accrual status at period end | 1,083 |  |  | 5,072 |
Charge-offs of restructured loans: |  |  |
Recognized in connection with restructuring | — |  |  | — |
Recognized on previously restructured loans | 723 |  |  | 1,433 |
Proceeds from sale of restructured loans | 1,070 |  |  | — |
Weighted Average Risk Grades for All Commercial Loans by Class and Year of Origination | The following tables present weighted-average risk grades for all commercial loans, by class and year of origination/renewal as of September 30, 2022. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are excluded as such loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total |  | W/A Risk Grade
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk grades 1-8 | $ | 1,214,942 |  |  | $ | 706,035 |  |  | $ | 529,894 |  |  | $ | 242,581 |  |  | $ | 136,161 |  |  | $ | 199,629 |  |  | $ | 2,180,437 |  |  | $ | 47,088 |  |  | $ | 5,256,767 |  |  | 6.25 |
Risk grade 9 | 34,065 |  |  | 28,895 |  |  | 6,211 |  |  | 6,909 |  |  | 12,436 |  |  | 9,923 |  |  | 94,984 |  |  | 11,133 |  |  | 204,556 |  |  | 9.00 |
Risk grade 10 | 2,131 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 4,513 |  |  | 1,518 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 21,207 |  |  | 2,207 |  |  | 33,169 |  |  | 10.00 |
Risk grade 11 | 35 |  |  | 3,984 |  |  | 6,444 |  |  | 4,332 |  |  | 1,391 |  |  | 1,942 |  |  | 8,188 |  |  | 3,745 |  |  | 30,061 |  |  | 11.00 |
Risk grade 12 | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 837 |  |  | 2,975 |  |  | 1,419 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 467 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 6,453 |  |  | 12.00 |
Risk grade 13 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 13.00 |
| $ | 1,251,173 |  |  | $ | 739,635 |  |  | $ | 544,428 |  |  | $ | 261,580 |  |  | $ | 152,945 |  |  | $ | 211,871 |  |  | $ | 2,305,283 |  |  | $ | 64,905 |  |  | $ | 5,531,820 |  |  | 6.41 |
W/A risk grade | 6.44 |  |  | 7.05 |  |  | 6.04 |  |  | 6.66 |  |  | 6.92 |  |  | 5.73 |  |  | 6.25 |  |  | 7.57 |  |  | 6.41 |  |  |
Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk grades 1-8 | $ | 319,910 |  |  | $ | 105,110 |  |  | $ | 5,238 |  |  | $ | 5,674 |  |  | $ | 2,346 |  |  | $ | 4,146 |  |  | $ | 386,836 |  |  | $ | 45,123 |  |  | $ | 874,383 |  |  | 5.61 |
Risk grade 9 | 1,722 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 829 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,016 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 13,653 |  |  | 9.00 |
Risk grade 10 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 456 |  |  | 226 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | 729 |  |  | 10.00 |
Risk grade 11 | 8,714 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 3,183 |  |  | 819 |  |  | 151 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,226 |  |  | 11.00 |
Risk grade 12 | 4,104 |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,571 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 10,459 |  |  | 12.00 |
Risk grade 13 | 1,050 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,175 |  |  | 1,450 |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 13.00 |
| $ | 335,500 |  |  | $ | 105,443 |  |  | $ | 5,728 |  |  | $ | 11,366 |  |  | $ | 4,235 |  |  | $ | 4,297 |  |  | $ | 404,598 |  |  | $ | 46,958 |  |  | $ | 918,125 |  |  | 5.86 |
W/A risk grade | 6.22 |  |  | 5.64 |  |  | 7.67 |  |  | 8.81 |  |  | 8.52 |  |  | 6.70 |  |  | 5.40 |  |  | 6.46 |  |  | 5.86 |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land, other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk grades 1-8 | $ | 1,434,936 |  |  | $ | 1,556,836 |  |  | $ | 936,889 |  |  | $ | 731,589 |  |  | $ | 361,215 |  |  | $ | 868,933 |  |  | $ | 101,817 |  |  | $ | 105,168 |  |  | $ | 6,097,383 |  |  | 6.91 |
Risk grade 9 | 51,425 |  |  | 20,259 |  |  | 109,106 |  |  | 79,833 |  |  | 24,749 |  |  | 54,595 |  |  | 4,558 |  |  | 2,134 |  |  | 346,659 |  |  | 9.00 |
Risk grade 10 | 33,233 |  |  | 14,484 |  |  | 11,364 |  |  | 42,672 |  |  | 29,990 |  |  | 6,012 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137,755 |  |  | 10.00 |
Risk grade 11 | 12,808 |  |  | 14,684 |  |  | 4,520 |  |  | 6,393 |  |  | 6,401 |  |  | 38,266 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 86,641 |  |  | 11.00 |
Risk grade 12 | 613 |  |  | 2,082 |  |  | — |  |  | 223 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,693 |  |  | 12.00 |
Risk grade 13 | 470 |  |  | 326 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 796 |  |  | 13.00 |
| $ | 1,533,485 |  |  | $ | 1,608,671 |  |  | $ | 1,061,879 |  |  | $ | 860,710 |  |  | $ | 422,630 |  |  | $ | 969,306 |  |  | $ | 109,368 |  |  | $ | 107,878 |  |  | $ | 6,673,927 |  |  | 7.14 |
W/A risk grade | 7.11 |  |  | 7.19 |  |  | 7.27 |  |  | 7.20 |  |  | 7.35 |  |  | 6.90 |  |  | 7.26 |  |  | 6.45 |  |  | 7.14 |  |  |
Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk grades 1-8 | $ | 464,837 |  |  | $ | 568,694 |  |  | $ | 162,262 |  |  | $ | 35,986 |  |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | 1,762 |  |  | $ | 243,723 |  |  | $ | 4,414 |  |  | $ | 1,482,168 |  |  | 6.85 |
Risk grade 9 | 11,270 |  |  | 2,253 |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,005 |  |  | 9.00 |
Risk grade 10 | 28,851 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,926 |  |  | 10.00 |
Risk grade 11 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,316 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,316 |  |  | 11.00 |
Risk grade 12 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12.00 |
Risk grade 13 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13.00 |
| $ | 504,958 |  |  | $ | 571,022 |  |  | $ | 164,362 |  |  | $ | 49,302 |  |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | 1,762 |  |  | $ | 261,105 |  |  | $ | 4,414 |  |  | $ | 1,557,415 |  |  | 6.99 |
W/A risk grade | 7.11 |  |  | 7.21 |  |  | 6.55 |  |  | 8.08 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | 6.76 |  |  | 6.36 |  |  | 5.01 |  |  | 6.99 |  |  |
Total commercial real estate | $ | 2,038,443 |  |  | $ | 2,179,693 |  |  | $ | 1,226,241 |  |  | $ | 910,012 |  |  | $ | 423,120 |  |  | $ | 971,068 |  |  | $ | 370,473 |  |  | $ | 112,292 |  |  | $ | 8,231,342 |  |  | 7.11 |
W/A risk grade | 7.11 |  |  | 7.20 |  |  | 7.17 |  |  | 7.24 |  |  | 7.35 |  |  | 6.90 |  |  | 6.63 |  |  | 6.39 |  |  | 7.11 |  |  |
Weighted Average Risk Grades for All Commercial Loans by Class | The following tables present weighted average risk grades for all commercial loans by class as of December 31, 2021. Refer to our 2021 Form 10-K for details of these loans by year of origination/renewal.
| Commercial and Industrial |  | Energy |  | Commercial Real Estate - Buildings, Land and Other |  | Commercial Real Estate - Construction |  | Total Commercial Real Estate
| W/A Risk Grade |  | Loans |  | W/A Risk Grade |  | Loans |  | W/A Risk Grade |  | Loans |  | W/A Risk Grade |  | Loans |  | W/A Risk Grade |  | Loans
Risk grades 1-8 | 6.01 |  |  | $ | 5,063,847 |  |  | 5.78 |  |  | $ | 1,008,370 |  |  | 6.91 |  |  | $ | 5,574,922 |  |  | 6.99 |  |  | $ | 1,262,200 |  |  | 6.92 |  |  | $ | 6,837,122 |
Risk grade 9 | 9.00 |  |  | 187,870 |  |  | 9.00 |  |  | 36,622 |  |  | 9.00 |  |  | 321,533 |  |  | 9.00 |  |  | 41,123 |  |  | 9.00 |  |  | 362,656 |
Risk grade 10 | 10.00 |  |  | 59,137 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 1,773 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 269,447 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 269,447 |
Risk grade 11 | 11.00 |  |  | 31,518 |  |  | 11.00 |  |  | 16,594 |  |  | 11.00 |  |  | 91,140 |  |  | 11.00 |  |  | — |  |  | 11.00 |  |  | 91,140 |
Risk grade 12 | 12.00 |  |  | 12,535 |  |  | 12.00 |  |  | 8,953 |  |  | 12.00 |  |  | 15,097 |  |  | 12.00 |  |  | 748 |  |  | 12.00 |  |  | 15,845 |
Risk grade 13 | 13.00 |  |  | 10,047 |  |  | 13.00 |  |  | 5,480 |  |  | 13.00 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 13.00 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 13.00 |  |  | 400 |
Total | 6.22 |  |  | $ | 5,364,954 |  |  | 6.06 |  |  | $ | 1,077,792 |  |  | 7.22 |  |  | $ | 6,272,339 |  |  | 7.06 |  |  | $ | 1,304,271 |  |  | 7.19 |  |  | $ | 7,576,610 |
Age analysis of Past Due Consumer Loans by Class and Year of Origination | Information about the payment status of consumer loans, segregated by portfolio segment and year of origination, as of September 30, 2022 was as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Past due 30-89 days | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 1,605 |  |  | $ | 1,549 |  |  | $ | 1,602 |  |  | $ | 7,169 |
Past due 90 or more days | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 1,116 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 2,110 |
Total past due | 90 |  |  | 726 |  |  | 753 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 556 |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | 1,757 |  |  | 1,832 |  |  | 9,279 |
Current loans | 283,431 |  |  | 317,862 |  |  | 201,281 |  |  | 74,855 |  |  | 41,146 |  |  | 129,830 |  |  | 649,300 |  |  | 8,752 |  |  | 1,706,457 |
Total | $ | 283,521 |  |  | $ | 318,588 |  |  | $ | 202,034 |  |  | $ | 75,699 |  |  | $ | 41,702 |  |  | $ | 132,551 |  |  | $ | 651,057 |  |  | $ | 10,584 |  |  | $ | 1,715,736 |
Consumer and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Past due 30-89 days | $ | 1,985 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | 5,611 |
Past due 90 or more days | 435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 491 |
Total past due | 2,420 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 2,167 |  |  | 6,102 |
Current loans | 46,561 |  |  | 24,877 |  |  | 7,985 |  |  | 3,428 |  |  | 1,499 |  |  | 1,732 |  |  | 388,104 |  |  | 22,270 |  |  | 496,456 |
Total | $ | 48,981 |  |  | $ | 25,122 |  |  | $ | 8,920 |  |  | $ | 3,495 |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | 1,775 |  |  | $ | 388,323 |  |  | $ | 24,437 |  |  | $ | 502,558 |
Revolving Loans Converted to Term [Table Text Block] | Revolving loans that converted to term during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Commercial and industrial | $ | 2,368 |  |  | $ | 12,009 |  |  | $ | 22,579 |  |  | $ | 39,551 |
Energy | 1,582 |  |  | 52,055 |  |  | 1,806 |  |  | 57,871 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land and other | — |  |  | 6,012 |  |  | 10,759 |  |  | 37,093 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,414 |  |  | — |
Consumer real estate | 700 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 2,223 |  |  | 1,172 |
Consumer and other | 1,963 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 7,691 |  |  | 7,017 |
Total | $ | 6,613 |  |  | $ | 71,929 |  |  | $ | 49,472 |  |  | $ | 142,704 |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss By Loan Class Calculated in Accordance With CECL Methodology | The following table presents details of the allowance for credit losses on loans segregated by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
September 30, 2022 | Commercial and Industrial |  | Energy |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer Real Estate |  | Consumer and Other |  | Total
Modeled expected credit losses | $ | 57,625 |  |  | $ | 8,657 |  |  | $ | 24,404 |  |  | $ | 7,797 |  |  | $ | 5,459 |  |  | $ | 103,942 |
Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments | 39,931 |  |  | 4,519 |  |  | 74,307 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 2,533 |  |  | 121,446 |
Specific allocations | 1,274 |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 1,896 |  |  | 82 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,927 |
Total | $ | 98,830 |  |  | $ | 18,851 |  |  | $ | 100,607 |  |  | $ | 8,035 |  |  | $ | 7,992 |  |  | $ | 234,315 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Modeled expected credit losses | $ | 46,946 |  |  | $ | 6,363 |  |  | $ | 16,676 |  |  | $ | 6,484 |  |  | $ | 6,397 |  |  | $ | 82,866 |
Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments | 14,609 |  |  | 5,374 |  |  | 127,860 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | 149,348 |
Specific allocations | 10,536 |  |  | 5,480 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,452 |
Total | $ | 72,091 |  |  | $ | 17,217 |  |  | $ | 144,936 |  |  | $ | 6,585 |  |  | $ | 7,837 |  |  | $ | 248,666 |
Activity in Allowance for Loan Losses by Portfolio Segment | The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
| Commercial and Industrial |  | Energy |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer Real Estate |  | Consumer and Other |  | Total
Three months ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 87,270 |  |  | $ | 16,267 |  |  | $ | 117,106 |  |  | $ | 6,854 |  |  | $ | 12,135 |  |  | $ | 239,632 |
Credit loss expense (benefit) | 10,844 |  |  | 2,491 |  |  | (16,522) |  |  | 940 |  |  | (216) |  |  | (2,463) |
Charge-offs | (572) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (68) |  |  | (6,549) |  |  | (7,189) |
Recoveries | 1,288 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 2,622 |  |  | 4,335 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | 716 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 241 |  |  | (3,927) |  |  | (2,854) |
Ending balance | $ | 98,830 |  |  | $ | 18,851 |  |  | $ | 100,607 |  |  | $ | 8,035 |  |  | $ | 7,992 |  |  | $ | 234,315 |
September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 65,271 |  |  | $ | 28,010 |  |  | $ | 147,993 |  |  | $ | 6,154 |  |  | $ | 7,860 |  |  | $ | 255,288 |
Credit loss expense (benefit) | (1,020) |  |  | (7,720) |  |  | 4,007 |  |  | (982) |  |  | 2,692 |  |  | (3,023) |
Charge-offs | (1,611) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,073) |  |  | (6,684) |
Recoveries | 1,126 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 857 |  |  | 2,373 |  |  | 4,569 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (485) |  |  | 159 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 857 |  |  | (2,700) |  |  | (2,115) |
Ending balance | $ | 63,766 |  |  | $ | 20,449 |  |  | $ | 152,054 |  |  | $ | 6,029 |  |  | $ | 7,852 |  |  | $ | 250,150 |
| Commercial and Industrial |  | Energy |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer Real Estate |  | Consumer and Other |  | Total
Nine months ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 72,091 |  |  | $ | 17,217 |  |  | $ | 144,936 |  |  | $ | 6,585 |  |  | $ | 7,837 |  |  | $ | 248,666 |
Credit loss expense (benefit) | 29,347 |  |  | 874 |  |  | (44,363) |  |  | 1,497 |  |  | 10,250 |  |  | (2,395) |
Charge-offs | (5,918) |  |  | (371) |  |  | (702) |  |  | (430) |  |  | (17,642) |  |  | (25,063) |
Recoveries | 3,310 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 7,547 |  |  | 13,107 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (2,608) |  |  | 760 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (47) |  |  | (10,095) |  |  | (11,956) |
Ending balance | $ | 98,830 |  |  | $ | 18,851 |  |  | $ | 100,607 |  |  | $ | 8,035 |  |  | $ | 7,992 |  |  | $ | 234,315 |
September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 73,843 |  |  | $ | 39,553 |  |  | $ | 134,892 |  |  | $ | 7,926 |  |  | $ | 6,963 |  |  | $ | 263,177 |
Credit loss expense (benefit) | (8,886) |  |  | (19,048) |  |  | 16,583 |  |  | (3,093) |  |  | 7,042 |  |  | (7,402) |
Charge-offs | (4,485) |  |  | (1,433) |  |  | (137) |  |  | (672) |  |  | (13,015) |  |  | (19,742) |
Recoveries | 3,294 |  |  | 1,377 |  |  | 716 |  |  | 1,868 |  |  | 6,862 |  |  | 14,117 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (1,191) |  |  | (56) |  |  | 579 |  |  | 1,196 |  |  | (6,153) |  |  | (5,625) |
Ending balance | $ | 63,766 |  |  | $ | 20,449 |  |  | $ | 152,054 |  |  | $ | 6,029 |  |  | $ | 7,852 |  |  | $ | 250,150 |
Investment in Loans Related to Allowance for Loan Losses by Portfolio Segment Disaggregated Based on Impairment Methodology | The following table presents loans that were evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and the related specific allocations, by loan portfolio segment, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Loan Balance |  | Specific Allocations |  | Loan Balance |  | Specific Allocations
Commercial and industrial | $ | 8,655 |  |  | $ | 1,274 |  |  | $ | 24,523 |  |  | $ | 10,536 |
Energy | 15,947 |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 16,393 |  |  | 5,480 |
Paycheck Protection Program | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings, land and other | 19,790 |  |  | 1,896 |  |  | 24,670 |  |  | 200 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | 948 |  |  | 200 |
Consumer real estate | 934 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 36 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 45,326 |  |  | $ | 8,927 |  |  | $ | 66,837 |  |  | $ | 16,452 |

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