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Stock-Based Compensation Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 31, 2023
Stock-Based Compensation Plans |
Stock-Based Compensation Plans | Note 17 - Stock-Based Compensation Plans Total estimated stock-based compensation expense recognized in our consolidated statement of operations was as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | January 31, |  | January 31, |  | January 31,
Year Ended | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021
Cost of revenues |  | 940 |  | 732 |  | 319
Sales and marketing |  | 2,468 |  | 3,060 |  | 896
Research and development |  | 1,788 |  | 1,419 |  | 404
General and administrative |  | 8,471 |  | 5,806 |  | 4,694
Effect on net income |  | 13,667 |  | 11,017 |  | 6,313
​ Differences between how GAAP and applicable income tax laws treat the amount and timing of recognition of stock-based compensation expense may result in a deferred tax asset. We have recorded a valuation allowance against any such deferred tax asset except for $0.8 million ($0.7 million at January 31, 2022) recognized in the United States. The tax benefit realized in connection with stock options exercised during 2023,2022 and 2021 was nominal, $0.1 million and nominal, respectively. Stock Options As of January 31, 2023, we had 1,593,433 stock options granted and outstanding under our shareholder-approved stock option plan and 2,703,675 remained available for grant. As of January 31, 2023, $7.7 million of total unrecognized compensation costs, net of forfeitures, related to non-vested stock option awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. The total fair value of stock options vested during 2023 was $4.2 million. The total number of options granted during the years ended January 31, 2023,2022 and 2021 was 356,014, 271,025 and 381,859, respectively. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $18.47, $16.77 and $10.19 per option, respectively. The weighted-average assumptions were as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | January 31, |  | January 31, |  | January 31,
Year Ended | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Expected dividend yield (%) |  | — |  | — | ​ | —
Expected volatility (%) |  | 29.2 |  | 27.8 | ​ | 26.4
Risk-free rate (%) |  | 2.4 |  | 0.7 | ​ | 0.7
Expected option life (years) |  | 5 |  | 5 | ​ | 5
​ A summary of option activity under all of our plans is presented as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted- |  | ​
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Weighted- | ​ | Average | ​ | Aggregate
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | Average | ​ | Remaining | ​ | Intrinsic
​ | ​ | Options | ​ | Exercise | ​ | Contractual | ​ | Value
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Price | ​ | Life (years) | ​ | (in millions)
Balance at January 31, 2021 | ​ | 1,147,720 | ​ | $ | 33.77 | ​ | 4.9 | ​ | $ | 28.1
Granted | ​ | 271,025 | ​ | $ | 65.03 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exercised | ​ | (90,166) | ​ | $ | 29.38 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Forfeited | ​ | (9,300) | ​ | $ | 53.94 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at January 31, 2022 |  | 1,319,279 | ​ | $ | 42.35 |  | 4.4 | ​ | $ | 41.5
Granted |  | 356,014 | ​ | $ | 61.09 |  |  | ​ |  |
Exercised |  | (63,890) | ​ | $ | 27.34 |  |  | ​ |  |
Forfeited |  | (17,970) | ​ | $ | 52.98 |  |  | ​ |  |
Balance at January 31, 2023 |  | 1,593,433 | ​ | $ | 45.54 |  | 4.1 | ​ | $ | 45.7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Vested or expected to vest at January 31, 2023 |  | 1,593,433 | ​ | $ | 45.54 |  | 4.1 | ​ | $ | 45.7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exercisable at January 31, 2023 |  | 1,104,612 | ​ | $ | 40.35 |  | 3.5 | ​ | $ | 37.4
​ The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $2.5 million, $3.7 million and $10.8 million, respectively. Options outstanding and options exercisable as at January 31, 2023 by range of exercise price are as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Options Outstanding | ​ | Options Exercisable
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Weighted | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Number of | ​ | Remaining | ​ | Average | ​ | Number of
​ | ​ | Exercise | ​ | Stock | ​ | Contractual | ​ | Exercise | ​ | Stock
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Price |  | Options |  | Life (years) |  | Price |  | Options
$18.95 – $22.86 | ​ | $ | 21.75 |  | 148,153 |  | 0.9 | ​ | $ | 21.75 |  | 148,153
$26.24 – $27.85 | ​ | $ | 27.85 |  | 166,350 |  | 2.2 | ​ | $ | 27.85 |  | 166,350
$38.53 – $54.25 | ​ | $ | 39.53 |  | 625,310 |  | 3.7 | ​ | $ | 39.12 |  | 525,872
$56.31 – $68.49 | ​ | $ | 61.19 |  | 653,620 |  | 5.7 | ​ | $ | 61.11 |  | 264,237
​ | ​ | $ | 45.54 |  | 1,593,433 |  | 4.1 | ​ | $ | 40.35 |  | 1,104,612
​ A summary of the status of our unvested stock options under our shareholder-approved stock option plan as of January 31, 2023 is presented as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted-
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Grant-Date
​ | ​ | Stock Options | ​ | Fair Value per
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Share
Balance at January 31, 2021 |  | 501,655 | ​ | $ | 9.52
Granted |  | 271,025 | ​ | $ | 16.77
Vested |  | (300,527) | ​ | $ | 11.42
Forfeited |  | (9,300) | ​ | $ | 13.54
Balance at January 31, 2022 |  | 462,853 | ​ | $ | 13.16
Granted |  | 356,014 | ​ | $ | 18.47
Vested |  | (313,186) | ​ | $ | 13.72
Forfeited |  | (16,860) | ​ | $ | 3.71
Balance at January 31, 2023 |  | 488,821 | ​ | $ | 16.11
​ Performance Share Units A summary of PSU activity is as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted- |  | Weighted- |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Average | ​ | Aggregate
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Granted | ​ | Remaining | ​ | Intrinsic
​ | ​ | PSUs | ​ | Date Fair | ​ | Contractual | ​ | Value
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Value | ​ | Life (years) | ​ | (in millions)
Balance at January 31, 2021 |  | 755,873 | ​ | $ | 25.17 |  | 4.7 | ​ | $ | 44.0
Granted |  | 77,441 | ​ | $ | 88.11 |  |  | ​ |  |
Performance units issued |  | 44,296 | ​ | $ | 36.63 |  |  | ​ |  |
Exercised | ​ | (100,072) | ​ | $ | 9.66 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at January 31, 2022 |  | 777,538 | ​ | $ | 35.76 |  | 4.8 | ​ | $ | 57.4
Granted | ​ | 97,991 | ​ | $ | 64.98 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Performance units issued | ​ | 39,704 | ​ | $ | 54.34 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exercised | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at January 31, 2023 | ​ | 915,233 | ​ | $ | 38.41 | ​ | 4.5 | ​ | $ | 67.9
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Vested or expected to vest at January 31, 2023 |  | 915,233 | ​ | $ | 38.41 |  | 4.5 | ​ | $ | 67.9
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exercisable at January 31, 2023 |  | 654,467 | ​ | $ | 26.77 |  | 3.1 | ​ | $ | 48.6
​ The aggregate intrinsic values represent the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the aggregate closing share price of our common shares on January 31, 2023) that would have been received by PSU holders if all PSUs had been vested on January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2023, $6.6 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 years. The total fair value of PSUs vested during 2023 was $5.2 million. Restricted Share Units A summary of RSU activity is as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted- |  | Weighted- |  | Aggregate
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Average | ​ | Intrinsic
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Granted | ​ | Remaining | ​ | Value
​ | ​ | RSUs | ​ | Date Fair | ​ | Contractual | ​ | (in
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Value | ​ | Life (years) | ​ | millions)
Balance at January 31, 2021 | ​ | 432,195 | ​ | $ | 19.98 | ​ | 4.7 | ​ | $ | 25.2
Granted | ​ | 50,099 | ​ | $ | 65.33 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exercised | ​ | (71,314) | ​ | $ | 7.14 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at January 31, 2022 |  | 410,980 | ​ | $ | 29.17 |  | 5.0 | ​ | $ | 30.3
Granted |  | 63,651 | ​ | $ | 61.53 |  |  | ​ |  |
Exercised | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at January 31, 2023 |  | 474,631 | ​ | $ | 32.44 |  | 4.7 | ​ | $ | 35.2
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Vested or expected to vest at January 31, 2023 |  | 474,631 | ​ | $ | 32.44 |  | 4.7 | ​ | $ | 35.2
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exercisable at January 31, 2023 |  | 415,496 | ​ | $ | 28.26 |  | 4.1 | ​ | $ | 30.8
​ The aggregate intrinsic values represent the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the aggregate closing share price of our common shares on January 31, 2023) that would have been received by RSU holders if all RSUs had been vested on January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2023, $3.5 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. The total fair value of RSUs vested during 2023 was $3.3 million. Deferred Share Unit Plan As at January 31, 2023, the total number of DSUs held by participating directors was 283,338 (252,011 at January 31, 2022), representing an aggregate accrued liability of $20.6 million ($18.3 million at January 31, 2022). During 2023, 31,327 DSUs were granted and nil DSUs were redeemed and settled in cash. As at January 31, 2023, the unrecognized aggregate liability for the unvested DSUs was nil (nil at January 31, 2022). The fair value of the DSU liability is based on the closing price of our common shares at the balance sheet date. The total compensation cost related to DSUs recognized in our consolidated statements of operations was approximately $3.2 million, $4.5 million and $4.6 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash-Settled Restricted Share Unit Plan A summary of activity under our CRSU plan is as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted-
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Remaining
​ | ​ | CRSUs | ​ | Contractual
​ | ​ | Outstanding | ​ | Life (years)
Balance at January 31, 2021 |  | 38,628 |  | 1.5
Granted |  | 12,776 |  |
Vested and settled in cash |  | (26,755) |  |
Forfeited |  | (221) |  |
Balance at January 31, 2022 |  | 24,428 |  | 1.4
Granted | ​ | 7,948 | ​ | ​
Vested and settled in cash | ​ | (17,719) | ​ | ​
Forfeited | ​ | (74) | ​ | ​
Balance at January 31, 2023 | ​ | 14,583 | ​ | 1.4
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-vested at January 31, 2023 |  | 14,583 |  | 1.4
​ We recognize the compensation cost of the CRSUs ratably over the service/vesting period relating to the grant and have recorded an aggregate accrued liability of $0.4 million at January 31, 2023 ($0.8 million at January 31, 2022). As at January 31, 2023, the unrecognized aggregate liability for the unvested CRSUs was $0.7 million ($1.0 million at January 31, 2022). The fair value of the CRSU liability is based on the closing price of our common shares at the balance sheet date. The total compensation cost related to CRSUs recognized in our consolidated statements of operations was approximately $0.8 million, $1.3 million and $1.1 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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