<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-050087.txt : 20240422
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240422172534
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-050087
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	40-F
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		23
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240131
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240422
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240422

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001050140
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A6
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0131

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		40-F
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-29970
		FILM NUMBER:		24862128

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		120 RANDALL ST
		CITY:			WATERLOO
		STATE:			A6
		ZIP:			N2V 1C6
		BUSINESS PHONE:		519-746-8110

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		120 RANDALL DRIVE
		CITY:			WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA
		STATE:			XX
		ZIP:			N2V 1C6
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="color: Black"><b>UNITED STATES<br/>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<br/>
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="color: Black">OR</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">N/A&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address and telephone number of Registrant&#8217;s
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section&#160;12(g)&#160;of the Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>None</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Title of Class)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Securities for which there is a reporting obligation
pursuant to Section&#160;15(d)&#160;of the Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>N/A</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Title of Class)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with
this Form:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--AnnualInformationForm_c20230201__20240131_z627zIAUUEwb" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000041" name="dei:AnnualInformationForm">x</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color: Black">Annual
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annual financial statements</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">Indicate the number of outstanding shares
of each of the issuer&#8217;s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20240131_zChIuc0xQb0d" style="color: Black"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" id="Fact000043" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">85,183,455</ix:nonFraction>
</span><span style="color: Black">common shares as of January&#160;31, 2024</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant
(1)&#160;has filed all reports required to be filed by Section&#160;13 or 15(d)&#160;of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2)&#160;has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityCurrentReportingStatus_c20230201__20240131_z1IAUqmxCaJf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-01to2024-01-31" id="Fact000044" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus">Yes</ix:nonNumeric>
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">x</span> <span style="color: Black">No <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule&#160;405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;
232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20230201__20240131_zB1F5kgJt1Jk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-01to2024-01-31" id="Fact000045" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">Yes</ix:nonNumeric>
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">x</span> <span style="color: Black">No <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#8224; The term &#8220;new or revised
financial accounting standard&#8221; refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards
Codification after April&#160;5, 2012.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its managements&#8217; assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section&#160;404(b)&#160;of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the
registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. </span><span id="xdx_909_edei--IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_c20230201__20240131_zeOMX78TTHQ7" style="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000047" name="dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">x</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
securities are registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of
the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><span id="xdx_90F_edei--DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_c20230201__20240131_zGwN9ucXWxZ1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000048" name="dei:DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">Indicate
by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant&#8217;s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b). </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="color: Black">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 0.625in; text-align: left; width: 31%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><b>Auditor
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">CERTIFICATIONS</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">See Exhibits <a href="tm242227d1_ex99-5.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.5</a>, <a href="tm242227d1_ex99-6.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.6</a> and <a href="tm242227d1_ex99-7.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.7</a> to this Annual
Report on Form&#160;40-F.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES<br/>
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant, under the supervision and with the participation of
the Registrant&#8217;s management, including the Registrant&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial
Officer (principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures as of
January&#160;31, 2024 (the &#8220;Evaluation Date&#8221;), pursuant to Rule&#160;13a-15(b)&#160;promulgated under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). Based upon that evaluation, the Registrant&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Registrant&#8217;s disclosure controls and procedures were
effective.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Management&#8217;s Report on Financial Statements and Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050140/000110465924031634/dsgx-20240131xex99d1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Management&#8217;s Report on Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is contained in the Registrant&#8217;s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the Registrant&#8217;s fiscal year ended January&#160;31, 2024, filed herewith as Exhibit&#160;99.2 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050140/000110465924031634/dsgx-20240131xex99d1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">The report of KPMG LLP with respect to the effectiveness of the Registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting is contained in the Registrant&#8217;s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the Registrant&#8217;s fiscal year ended January&#160;31, 2024, filed herewith as Exhibit&#160;99.2 and incorporated herein by reference.</a></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">During the period covered by this Annual Report on Form&#160;40-F,
there have been no changes in the Registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are
reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">NOTICES PURSUANT TO RULE 104 OF REGULATION BTR</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">None.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant&#8217;s Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
currently consists of four members. The Registrant&#8217;s Board of Directors has determined that three members, being John J. Walker,
Deepak Chopra and Eric Demirian, are &#8220;audit committee financial experts&#8221; (as defined in paragraph
8(b)&#160;of General Instruction B to Form&#160;40-F). All members of the Audit Committee are independent within the meaning of the
Nasdaq Stock Market&#8217;s (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) director independence standards.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CODE OF ETHICS</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the
 &#8220;Code of Ethics&#8221;) that applies to the Registrant&#8217;s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal
accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Code of Ethics is posted on the Registrant&#8217;s
corporate website at www.descartes.com and is also available at www.sedarplus.com. The Registrant intends to disclose through its website
any waivers or amendments to its Code of Ethics that apply to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal
accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The information contained on our website is not incorporated
by reference into this Annual Report on Form&#160;40-F.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
FEES AND SERVICES</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The aggregate fees billed in respect of the fiscal years ended January&#160;31,
2024 and January&#160;31, 2023 for professional services rendered by KPMG LLP, Vaughan, ON, Canada, Auditor Firm ID:85, the Registrant&#8217;s
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, are as follows (all amounts in table are in US dollars &#8212; amounts that were billed
in Canadian dollars are converted to US dollars at the applicable exchange rate on the last day of the applicable fiscal period):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">AUDIT FEES&#8212; Audit fees consist of fees and related disbursements
for professional services rendered for the audit of the Registrant&#8217;s annual consolidated financial statements, reviews of the Registrant&#8217;s
interim consolidated financial statements, services provided in connection with regulatory filings and statutory audits of certain of
the Registrant&#8217;s foreign subsidiaries.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">AUDIT RELATED FEES&#8212; Audit related fees consist of fees for assurance
and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Registrant&#8217;s financial statements
and are not reported as Audit Fees.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant&#8217;s audit committee is responsible for overseeing
the work of the independent registered public accounting firm and has adopted a policy requiring its pre-approval of all audit and permissible
non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. The Registrant&#8217;s Pre-Approval Policy and Procedure
for Engagements of the Independent Auditor is filed as Appendix B to the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Information Form&#160;dated April&#160;22,
2024 filed as Exhibit&#160;<a href="tm242227d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.1</a> hereto and incorporated by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All non-audit fees were approved by the Registrant&#8217;s audit committee,
and none were approved on the basis of the de minimis exception set forth in Rule&#160;2-01(c)(7)(i)(C)&#160;of Regulation S-X.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that
have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Registrant&#8217;s financial condition, changes in financial
condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The required disclosure is included under the heading &#8220;Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees&#8221; in the Registrant&#8217;s Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended January&#160;31, 2024, filed as Exhibit&#160;<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050140/000110465924031634/dsgx-20240131xex99d1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">99.3</a> to this Annual Report on Form&#160;40-F.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant has a separately designated standing audit
committee established in accordance with Section&#160;3(a)(58)(A)&#160;of the Exchange Act. The members of the audit committee as of
the date of the filing of this 40-F are: Mr.&#160;John J. Walker (Chair), Mr.&#160;Deepak Chopra, Mr.&#160;Eric Demirian and Ms.
Kelley Irwin.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Not applicable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">DISCLOSURE PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF NASDAQ</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Registrant was granted an exemption from Nasdaq Stock Market Rules&#160;requiring
each issuer to provide for a quorum at any meeting of the holders of common stock of no less than 33 1/3% of the outstanding shares of
the issuer&#8217;s common voting stock. This exemption was granted because Nasdaq&#8217;s requirements regarding the quorum required
for meetings of the holders of common stock are contrary to generally accepted business practices in Canada. In particular, Section&#160;139(1)&#160;of
the Canada Business Corporations Act provides that a company&#8217;s by-laws may set the quorum requirements for a meeting of shareholders.
The relevant provisions of the Registrant&#8217;s by-laws state that &#8220;Subject to the Act in respect of a majority shareholder,
a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of shareholders shall be persons not being less than two in number and holding
or representing by proxy not less than 20 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation for the time being enjoying
voting rights at such meeting. If a quorum is present at the opening of any meeting of shareholders, the shareholders present or represented
may proceed with the business of the meeting notwithstanding that a quorum is not present throughout the meeting. If a quorum is not
present at the opening of any meeting of shareholders, the shareholders present or represented may adjourn the meeting to a fixed time
and place but may not transact any other business.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT
PREVENT INSPECTIONS</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Not applicable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Not applicable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">UNDERTAKING</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone,
representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission
staff, information relating to: the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form&#160;40-F arises;
or transactions in said securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SIGNATURES</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies
that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form&#160;40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 45%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Peter V. Nguyen</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXHIBIT&#160;INDEX</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td><a href="tm242227d1_ex97.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97</span></a></td>
    <td><a href="tm242227d1_ex97.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td><a href="tm242227d1_ex99-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Annual Information
    Form&#160;for the fiscal year ended January&#160;31, 2024</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050140/000110465924031634/dsgx-20240131xex99d1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.2</span></a></td>
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    year ended January&#160;31, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit&#160;99.1 of the Registrant&#8217;s Form&#160;6-K furnished
    with the SEC on March&#160;7, 2024)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td><a href="tm242227d1_ex99-6.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td><a href="tm242227d1_ex99-7.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certifications
    of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&#160;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&#160;906
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page&#160;Interactive Data File (formatted as
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT 97</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>COMPENSATION RECOUPMENT POLICY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>I.</B></TD><TD><B>Purpose.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">The Board of Directors (&ldquo;<U>Board</U>&rdquo;) of The
Descartes Systems Group Inc. (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;) based upon the recommendation of its Compensation Committee (the &ldquo;<U>Committee</U>&rdquo;),
has adopted this Compensation Recoupment Policy (this &ldquo;<U>Policy</U>&rdquo;) in order to implement a mandatory clawback policy in
the event of a Restatement in compliance with the Applicable Rules. Any capitalized terms used, but not immediately defined, in this Policy
have the meanings set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;VIII</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>II.</B></TD><TD><B>Administration.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">This Policy shall be administered by the Committee, which
shall make all determinations with respect to this Policy in its sole discretion; <I>provided</I> that this Policy shall be interpreted
in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Applicable Rules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to the Applicable Rules,
the Board may assume any or all powers and authority of the Committee with respect to this Policy, in which case references to the Committee
shall be deemed to include the Board, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>III.</B></TD><TD><B>Recovery on a Restatement.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">In the event that the Company is required to prepare a Restatement,
the Company shall reasonably promptly recover from an Executive Officer the amount of any erroneously awarded Incentive-Based Compensation
that is Received by such Executive Officer during the Recovery Period. The amount of erroneously Received Incentive-Based Compensation
will be the excess of the Incentive-Based Compensation Received by the Executive Officer (whether in cash or shares) based on the erroneous
data in the original financial statements over the Incentive-Based Compensation (whether in cash or in shares) that would have been Received
by the Executive Officer had such Incentive-Based Compensation been based on the restated results, without respect to any tax liabilities
incurred or paid by the Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">Recovery of any erroneously awarded compensation under this
Policy is not dependent on fraud or misconduct by any Executive Officer in connection with a Restatement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">Without limiting the foregoing, for Incentive-Based Compensation
based on the Company&rsquo;s stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of erroneously awarded compensation is not subject
to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the Restatement, (i)&nbsp;the amount shall be based on the Company&rsquo;s
reasonable estimate of the effect of the Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation
was Received and (ii)&nbsp;the Company shall maintain documentation of the determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such
estimate to the Regulators as required by the Applicable Rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">In addition to the foregoing, in the event that an Executive
Officer fails to repay or reimburse erroneously awarded compensation that is subject to recovery, the Committee may require an Executive
Officer to reimburse the Company for any and all expenses reasonably incurred (including legal fees) by the Company in recovering erroneously
awarded compensation under this Policy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>IV.</B></TD><TD><B>Coverage and Application.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">This Policy covers all persons who are Executive Officers
at any time during the Recovery Period for which Incentive-Based Compensation is Received. Incentive-Based Compensation shall not be recovered
under this Policy to the extent Received by any person before the date the person served as an Executive Officer. Subsequent changes in
an Executive Officer&rsquo;s employment status, including retirement or termination of employment, do not affect the Company&rsquo;s right
to recover Incentive-Based Compensation pursuant to this Policy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">This Policy shall apply to Incentive-Based Compensation that
is Received by any Executive Officer on or after the Effective Date and that results from attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure
based on or derived from financial information for any fiscal period ending on or after the Effective Date. For the avoidance of doubt,
this will include Incentive-Based Compensation that may have been approved, awarded, or granted to an Executive Officer on or before the
Effective Date if such Incentive-Based Compensation is Received after the Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>V.</B></TD><TD><B>Exceptions to Policy.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">No recovery of Incentive-Based Compensation shall be required
if any of the following conditions are met and the Committee determines that, on such basis, recovery would be impracticable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered; <I>provided</I>
that prior to making a determination that it would be impracticable to recover any Incentive-Based Compensation based on the expense of
enforcement, the Company shall (i)&nbsp;have made a reasonable attempt to recover the Incentive-Based Compensation, (ii)&nbsp;have documented
such reasonable attempts to recover, and (iii)&nbsp;provide the documentation to the Regulators as required by the Applicable Rules;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD>recovery would violate home country law where that law was adopted prior to November&nbsp;28, 2022; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees, to
fail to meet the requirements of Section&nbsp;401(a)(13) or Section&nbsp;411(a)&nbsp;of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the &ldquo;<U>Code</U>&rdquo;), and U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>VI.</B></TD><TD><B>Methods of Recovery.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">In the event of a Clawback Event, subject to applicable law,
the Committee may take any such actions as it deems necessary or appropriate, including, without limitation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the reduction or cancellation of any Incentive-Based Compensation in the form of vested or unvested equity or equity-based awards
that have not been distributed or otherwise settled prior to the date of determination;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD>the recovery of any Incentive-Based Compensation that was previously paid to the Executive Officer;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer, or other disposition of any Incentive-Based
Compensation in the form of equity or equity-based awards;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the offset, withholding, or elimination of any amount that could be paid or awarded to the Executive Officer after the date of determination;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(e)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the recoupment of any amount in respect of Incentive-Based Compensation contributed to a plan that takes into account Incentive-Based
Compensation (excluding certain tax-qualified plans, but including long-term disability, life insurance, supplemental executive retirement
plans and deferred compensation plans, in each case to the extent permitted by applicable law, including Section&nbsp;409A of the Code)
and any earnings accrued to date on any such amount; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(f)</TD><TD>the taking of any other remedial and recovery action permitted by law, as determined by the Committee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">In addition, the Committee may authorize legal action for
breach of fiduciary duty or other violation of law and take such other actions to enforce the Executive Officer&rsquo;s obligations to
the Company as the Committee deems appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>VII.</B></TD><TD><B>Miscellaneous.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD><I>Effective Date</I>. This Policy shall be effective as of December&nbsp;1, 2023 (&ldquo;<U>Effective Date</U>&rdquo;).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><I>Public Disclosure</I>. The Company shall make all required disclosures and filings with the Regulators with respect to this Policy
in accordance with the requirements of the Applicable Rules, and any other requirements applicable to the Company, including any disclosures
required in connection with SEC filings.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><I>Notice</I>. Before the Company takes action to seek recovery of compensation pursuant to this Policy against an Executive Officer,
the Company shall take commercially reasonable steps to provide such individual with advance written notice of such clawback; provided
that this notice requirement shall not in any way delay the reasonably prompt recovery of any erroneously awarded Incentive-Based Compensation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><I>No Indemnification</I>. The Company shall not indemnify any current or former Executive Officer against the loss of erroneously
awarded compensation and shall not pay or reimburse any Executive Officer for premiums incurred or paid for any insurance policy to fund
such Executive Officer&rsquo;s potential recovery obligations.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(e)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><I>No Substitution of Rights; Non-Exhaustive Rights</I>. Any right of recoupment under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu
of, any other remedies or rights of recoupment that may be available to the Company pursuant to (i)&nbsp;any equity or equity-based incentive
compensation plan or any successor plan thereto, or any other incentive plan of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates or
(ii)&nbsp;the terms of any similar policy or provision in any employment agreement, compensation agreement or arrangement, or similar
agreement and any other legal remedies available to the Company. In addition to recovery of compensation as provided for in this Policy,
the Company may take any and all other actions as it deems necessary, appropriate and in the Company&rsquo;s best interest in connection
with a Clawback Event, including termination of an Executive Officer&rsquo;s employment and initiating legal action against an Executive
Officer, and nothing in this Policy limits the Company&rsquo;s rights to take any such or other appropriate actions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(f)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><I>Governing Law</I>. This Policy and all determinations made and actions taken pursuant hereto, to the extent not otherwise governed
by mandatory provisions of the Applicable Rules, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Delaware without regard
to choice of law principles. If any provision of this Policy shall be held illegal or invalid for any reason, such illegality or invalidity
shall not affect the remaining parts of this Policy, but this Policy shall be construed and enforced as if the illegal or invalid provision
had never been included in this Policy.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(g)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><I>Amendment; Termination; Sunset</I>. The Board, based upon the recommendation of the Committee, may amend this Policy at any time
for any reason, subject to any limitations under the Applicable Rules. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, this Policy shall
no longer be effective from and after the date that the Company no longer has a class of securities publicly listed on a U.S. national
securities exchange or is otherwise not subject to the Applicable Rules.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.4in"><B>VIII.</B></TD><TD><B>Defined Terms</B>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Applicable Rules</U>&rdquo; means Section&nbsp;10D of the Exchange Act and Rule&nbsp;10D-1 promulgated thereunder, Listing
Rule&nbsp;5608 of the Listing Rules&nbsp;of Nasdaq, and any other national stock exchange rules&nbsp;that the Company is or may become
subject to.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Clawback Event</U>&rdquo; means a required recoupment of Incentive-Based Compensation in the event of a Restatement under
the Applicable Rules.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(c)</TD><TD>&ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Executive Officer</U>&rdquo; means each officer of the Company who is the Company&rsquo;s president, principal financial
officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice president of the Company in
charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs
a policy-making function, or any other person who performs similar significant policy-making functions for the Company, as determined
under 17 CFR &sect;229.401(b).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(e)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Financial Reporting Measures</U>&rdquo; means (i)&nbsp;measures that are determined and presented in accordance with the
accounting principles used in preparing the Company&rsquo;s financial statements, and any measures that are derived wholly or in part
from such measures, (ii)&nbsp;the Company&rsquo;s stock price, and (iii)&nbsp;total shareholder return in respect of the Company. A &ldquo;Financial
Reporting Measure&rdquo; need not be presented within the financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(f)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Incentive-Based Compensation</U>&rdquo; means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested, based wholly or in part
upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure. Incentive-Based Compensation does not include, among other forms of compensation,
equity awards that vest exclusively upon completion of a specified employment period, without any performance condition, and bonus awards
that are discretionary or based on subjective goals or goals unrelated to Financial Reporting Measures.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(g)</TD><TD>&ldquo;<U>Nasdaq</U>&rdquo; means the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(h)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Received</U>&rdquo; &ndash; Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed &ldquo;Received&rdquo; for the purposes of this Policy
in the Company&rsquo;s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure applicable to the Incentive-Based Compensation award
is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Recovery Period</U>&rdquo; means the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is
required to prepare a Restatement, which date is the earlier of (i)&nbsp;the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer
or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded,
that the Company is required to prepare a Restatement or (ii)&nbsp;a date that a court, regulator, or other legally authorized body directs
the Company to prepare a Restatement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(j)</TD><TD>&ldquo;<U>Regulators</U>&rdquo; means, as applicable, the SEC and Nasdaq.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(k)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;<U>Restatement</U>&rdquo; means that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to a material noncompliance
of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct
an error in previously issued financial statements (i)&nbsp;that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or (ii)&nbsp;that
would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(l)</TD><TD>&ldquo;<U>SEC</U>&rdquo; means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>APRIL
22<SUP>nd</SUP> 2024</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
of Contents</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 50%"></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Calibri, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 1</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; width: 87%; text-align: left"><B>GENERAL</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>3</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Calibri, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    2</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>CORPORATE STRUCTURE</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>4</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">2.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">The Company</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">2.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Intercorporate Relationships</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    3</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>5</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">3.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Profile</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">3.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">History and General Development</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">3.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Trends / Business Outlook</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    4</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>13</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Company Overview</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Principal Products &amp; Services</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Revenue Sources</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.4</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Customer Base</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Sales and Marketing</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.6</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Research and Development</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.7</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Competition</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.8</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.9</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Contracts</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.10</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Employees</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.11</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Risks Associated with Foreign Sales and Exchange Rate Fluctuations</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.12</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Risks Associated with Cyclical or Seasonal Aspects of Business</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.13</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Reorganizations</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.14</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Material Contracts</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">4.15</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Code of Business Conduct and Ethics</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
    5</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>RISK FACTORS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>31</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 6</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>MARKET FOR SECURITIES AND RELATED
    SECURITYHOLDER MATTERS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>32</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">6.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Common Shares</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">6.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Transfer Agent and Registrar</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">6.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Dividend Policy</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">6.4</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Market for Common Shares</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">6.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Shareholder Rights Plan</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 7</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>34</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">7.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Summary Information</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">7.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Committees of the Board of Directors</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 8</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>EXTERNAL AUDITORS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>41</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 9</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>LEGAL PROCEEDINGS</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>41</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 10</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left"><B>ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>42</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 95%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Appendix
    &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information Form</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>43</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Appendix
    &ldquo;B&rdquo; to Annual Information Form</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>54</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 2.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 1</B></FONT></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GENERAL</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Information contained herein is provided as
at January&nbsp;31, 2024 and is in United States (&ldquo;US&rdquo;) dollars, unless otherwise indicated.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Annual Information Form&nbsp;(&ldquo;AIF&rdquo;)
contains references to The Descartes Systems Group Inc. using the words &ldquo;Descartes,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;our&rdquo; and similar words and the reader is referred to using the words &ldquo;you,&rdquo; &ldquo;your&rdquo; and similar words.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This AIF also refers to our fiscal years. Our
fiscal year commences on February&nbsp;1<SUP>st</SUP> of each year and ends on January&nbsp;31<SUP>st</SUP> of the following year. Our
fiscal year that ended on January&nbsp;31, 2024 is referred to as &ldquo;fiscal 2024&rdquo;, &ldquo;2024&rdquo; or using similar words.
Our fiscal year that ended on January&nbsp;31, 2023 is referred to as &ldquo;fiscal 2023&rdquo;, &ldquo;2023&rdquo; or using similar
words. Other fiscal periods are referenced by the applicable year during which the fiscal period ends. For example, 2025 refers to the
annual period ending January&nbsp;31, 2025 and the &ldquo;fourth quarter of 2024&rdquo; refers to the quarter ended January&nbsp;31,
2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read the AIF in conjunction with our
audited consolidated financial statements for 2024 and the management&rsquo;s discussion and analysis thereon (&ldquo;MD&amp;A&rdquo;).
We prepare and file our consolidated financial statements and MD&amp;A in US dollars and in accordance with US generally accepted accounting
principles (&ldquo;GAAP&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have prepared the AIF with reference to Form&nbsp;51-102F2,
which sets out the AIF disclosure requirements and which was established under National Instrument 51-102 &ldquo;Continuous Disclosure
Obligations&rdquo; (&ldquo;NI 51-102&rdquo;) of the Canadian Securities Administrators.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additional information about us, including copies
of our continuous disclosure materials such as our MD&amp;A, is available on our website at http://www.descartes.com, through the EDGAR
website at http://www.sec.gov or through the SEDAR+ website at http://www.sedarplus.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Certain statements made in this AIF, as well
as the MD&amp;A referenced herein, constitute forward-looking information for the purposes of applicable securities laws (&ldquo;forward-looking
statements&rdquo;), including, but not limited to: statements in the &ldquo;Trends / Business Outlook&rdquo; section and statements regarding
our expectations concerning future revenues and earnings, including potential variances from period to period; our assessment of the
potential impact of geopolitical events, such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine (the &ldquo;Russia-Ukraine Conflict&rdquo;),
and between Israel and Hamas (&ldquo;Israel-Hamas Conflict&rdquo;), or other potentially catastrophic events, such as the COVID-19 virus
(the &quot;Pandemic&quot;); results of operations and financial condition; our expectations regarding the cyclical nature of our business;
mix of revenues and potential variances from period to period; our plans to focus on generating services revenues yet to continue to
allow customers to elect to license technology in lieu of subscribing to services; our expectations on losses of revenues and customers;
our baseline calibration; our ability to keep our operating expenses at a level below our baseline revenues; our future business plans
and business planning process; allocation of purchase price for completed acquisitions; our expectations regarding future restructuring
charges and cost-reduction activities; expenses, including amortization of intangible assets and stock-based compensation; goodwill impairment
tests and the possibility of future impairment adjustments; capital expenditures; acquisition-related costs, including the potential
for further performance-based contingent consideration; our liability with respect to various claims and suits arising in the ordinary
course; our intention to actively explore future business combinations and other strategic transactions; our liability under indemnification
obligations; our reinvestment of earnings of subsidiaries back into such subsidiaries; our dividend policy; the sufficiency of capital
to meet working capital, capital expenditure, debt repayment requirements and our anticipated growth strategy; our ability to raise capital;
our adoption of certain accounting standards; and other matters related to the foregoing. When used in this document, the words &ldquo;believe,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;should&rdquo; or the negative of such terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on assumptions that may cause future
results to differ materially from those expected. The material assumptions made in making these forward-looking statements include the
following: our ability to successfully identify and execute on acquisitions and to integrate acquired businesses and assets, and to predict
expenses associated with and revenues from acquisitions; the impact of network failures, information security breaches or other cyber-security
threats; disruptions in the movement of freight and a decline in shipment volumes including as a result of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict,
the Israel-Hamas Conflict, or the &ldquo;Pandemic or other contagious illness outbreaks, a deterioration of general economic conditions
or instability in the financial markets accompanied by a decrease in spending by our customers; global shipment volumes continuing to
increase at levels consistent with the average growth rates of the global economy; countries continuing to implement and enforce existing
and additional customs and security regulations relating to the provision of electronic information for imports and exports; countries
continuing to implement and enforce existing and additional trade restrictions and sanctioned party lists with respect to doing business
with certain countries, organizations, entities and individuals; our continued operation of a secure and reliable business network; the
continued availability of the data and content that is utilized in the delivery of services made available over our network; relative
stability of currency exchange rates and interest rates; equity and debt markets continuing to provide us with access to capital; our
ability to develop solutions that keep pace with the continuing changes in technology; and our continued compliance with third party
intellectual property rights. While management believes these assumptions to be reasonable under the circumstances, they may prove to
be inaccurate. Such forward-looking statements also involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our
actual results, performance or achievements of, or developments in our business or industry, to differ materially from the anticipated
results, performance or achievements or developments expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but
are not limited to, the factors discussed under the heading &ldquo;Certain Factors That May&nbsp;Affect Future Results&rdquo; in the
MD&amp;A which is included in our Annual Report to the Shareholders for the fiscal year ended January&nbsp;31<SUP>st</SUP>, 2024, and
in other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Ontario Securities Commission and other securities commissions
across Canada from time to time. If any of such risks actually occur, they could materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition or results of operations. In that case, the trading price of our common shares could decline, perhaps materially. Readers are
cautioned not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Forward-looking
statements are provided for the purpose of providing information about management&rsquo;s current expectations and plans relating to
the future. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Except as required by applicable law,
we do not undertake or accept any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements
to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions, assumptions or circumstances on which any such statements
are based.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM
                          2</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>CORPORATE
                                            STRUCTURE</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>2.1</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes was continued under the <I>Canada Business
Corporations Act</I> on July&nbsp;5, 2006. On July&nbsp;31, 2006, Descartes was amalgamated under the <I>Canada Business Corporations
Act</I> pursuant to an amalgamation between Descartes and ViaSafe Inc. On February&nbsp;1, 2010, Descartes was amalgamated under the
<I>Canada Business Corporations Act</I> pursuant to an amalgamation between Descartes and Scancode Systems Inc. (&ldquo;Scancode&rdquo;).
On February&nbsp;1, 2010, Descartes was amalgamated under the <I>Canada Business Corporations Act</I> pursuant to an amalgamation between
Descartes and 7322267 Canada Inc. On February&nbsp;1, 2012, Descartes was amalgamated under the <I>Canada Business Corporations Act</I>
pursuant to an amalgamation between Descartes and 882976 Ontario Inc. On March&nbsp;31, 2021, Descartes was amalgamated under the <I>Canada
Business Corporations Act</I> pursuant to an amalgamation between Descartes and PinPoint GPS Solutions Inc. On February&nbsp;1, 2023,
Descartes was amalgamated under the <I>Canada Business Corporations Act</I> pursuant to an amalgamation between Descartes and Descartes
Visual Compliance Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Descartes Systems Group Inc. head office
and registered office is located at 120 Randall Drive, Waterloo, Ontario, N2V 1C6 and our general corporate phone number is (519) 746-8110.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>2.2</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Intercorporate
Relationships</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We beneficially own, control and/or direct 100%
of all voting, share or membership interests in our material subsidiaries. Our material subsidiaries, determined as at January&nbsp;31,
2024, are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12268761
                                            Canada Inc., a Canadian subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Descartes
                                            GroundCloud,&nbsp;Inc., a Florida subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Descartes
                                            Systems UK Limited, a United Kingdom subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Descartes
                                            Systems (USA) LLC, a Delaware subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Descartes
                                            Visual Compliance (USA) LLC, a Delaware subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">MacroPoint,
                                            LLC, an Ohio subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XPS
                                            Ship, LLC, a Utah subsidiary; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XPS
                                            Technologies, LLC, a Utah subsidiary;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 3</B></FONT></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GENERAL
                                            DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.1</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Profile</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We bring together networks, applications, global
trade content, and collaborative multi-modal logistics communities in ways that improve the productivity, performance. safety and security
of logistics and supply chain operations. Customers use our modular, cloud-based technology and data content solutions to: route, schedule,
track, train and measure delivery resources; plan, allocate and execute shipments; rate, audit and pay transportation invoices; access
and analyze global trade data; research and perform trade tariff and duty calculations; file customs and security documents for imports
and exports; comply with trade regulations; and complete numerous other logistics processes. Our pricing model provides our customers
with flexibility in purchasing our solutions either on a subscription, transactional or perpetual license basis. We also occasionally
act as a reseller of hardware devices from third party suppliers which are used by our customers in connection with their transportation
and logistics operations and which provide data that may be relevant to our cloud-based solutions. Our primary focus is on serving transportation
providers (air, ocean and truck modes), logistics service providers (including third-party logistics providers, freight forwarders, freight
brokers, and customs brokers) and manufacturers, retailers, distributors, and business service providers. For these organizations, logistics
is either a key or a defining part of their own product or service offering, or for which our solutions can provide an opportunity to
reduce costs, improve service levels or support growth by optimizing the use of assets and information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>The Market</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Logistics is the management of the flow of resources
between a point of origin and a point of destination &ndash; processes that move items (such as goods, people, information) from point
A to point B. Supply chain management is broader than logistics and includes the sourcing, procurement, conversion and storage of resources
for consumption by an enterprise. Logistics and supply chain management have been evolving as companies are increasingly seeking automation
and real-time control of their supply chain activities. We believe companies are looking for integrated solutions for managing inventory
in transit, conveyance units, people, data and business documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe logistics-intensive organizations
are seeking to reduce operating costs, differentiate themselves, improve margins and better serve customers. Global trade and transportation
processes are often manual and complex to manage. This is a consequence of the growing number of business partners participating in companies&rsquo;
global supply chains and a lack of standardized business processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additionally, global sourcing, logistics outsourcing,
imposition of additional customs and regulatory requirements and changes in day-to-day business requirements are adding to the overall
complexities that companies face in planning and executing in their supply chains. Whether a shipment is delayed at the border, a customer
changes an order, or a breakdown occurs on the road or shipping lanes are unusually congested, there are increasingly more issues that
can significantly impact the execution of fulfillment schedules and associated costs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The rise of ecommerce has heightened these challenges
for many suppliers with end-customers increasingly demanding narrower order-to-fulfillment periods, lower prices and greater flexibility
in scheduling and rescheduling deliveries. End-customers also want real-time updates on delivery status, adding considerable burden to
supply chain management as process efficiency is balanced with affordable service.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this market, the movement and sharing of data
between parties involved in the logistics process is equally important to the physical movement of goods. Manual, fragmented and distributed
logistics solutions are often proving inadequate to address the needs of operators. Connecting manufacturers and suppliers to carriers
on an individual, one-off basis is too costly, complex and risky for organizations dealing with many trading partners. Further, many
of these solutions do not provide the flexibility required to efficiently accommodate varied processes for organizations to remain competitive.
We believe this presents an opportunity for logistics technology providers to unite this highly fragmented community and help customers
improve their operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As the market continues to change, we&rsquo;ve
been evolving to meet our customers&rsquo; needs. While the rate of adoption of newer logistics and supply chain management technologies
is increasing, a large number of organizations still have manual business processes. We&rsquo;ve been educating our prospects and customers
on the value of connecting to trading partners through our Global Logistics Network (&ldquo;GLN&rdquo;) and automating, as well as standardizing,
multi-party business processes. We believe that our target customers are increasingly looking for a single source, neutral, network-based
solution provider who can help them manage the end-to-end shipment &ndash; from researching global trade information, to the booking
of a shipment, to the tracking of that shipment as it moves, to the regulatory compliance filings to be made during the move and, finally,
to the settlement and audit of the invoice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additionally, regulatory initiatives mandating
electronic filing of shipment information with customs authorities require companies to automate aspects of their shipping processes
to remain compliant and competitive. Our customs compliance technology helps shippers, transportation providers, freight forwarders and
other logistics intermediaries to securely and electronically file shipment and tariff/duty information with customs authorities and
self-audit their own efforts. Our technology also helps carriers and freight forwarders efficiently coordinate with customs brokers and
agencies to expedite cross-border shipments. While many compliance initiatives started in the US, compliance has now become a global
issue with significantly more international shipments crossing several borders on the way to their final destinations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Increasingly, data and content have become central
to supply chain planning and execution. The review of people, goods, services and/or commodities against comprehensive lists of restricted
or sanctioned parties published by governments and international organizations has become an essential compliance requirement as the
penalties for doing business with sanctioned parties can be far-reaching and severe. Our content and compliance solutions help simplify
and automate the screening processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Complex international supply chains are also
affected by logistics service provider performance, capacity, and productivity, as well as regulatory frameworks such as free trade agreements,
and trade and trade sanctions. We believe our global trade data, denied party screening, trade regulations and free-trade agreement,
product classification, and duty rate and calculation solutions help customers improve their sourcing, compliance, landed-cost, and transportation
lane and provider selection processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Solutions</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Logistics Technology Platform
unites a growing global community of logistics-focused parties, allowing them to transact business while leveraging a broad array of
applications designed to help logistics-intensive businesses thrive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Logistics Technology Platform fuses our GLN,
an extensive logistics network covering multiple transportation modes, with a broad array of modular, interoperable web and wireless
logistics management solutions. Designed to help accelerate time-to-value and increase productivity and performance for businesses of
all sizes, the Logistics Technology Platform leverages the GLN&rsquo;s multimodal logistics community to enable companies to quickly
and cost-effectively connect and collaborate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; GLN, the underlying foundation
of the Logistics Technology Platform, manages the flow of data and documents that track and control inventory, assets and people in motion.
Designed expressly for logistics operations, it is native to the particularities of different transportation modes and country borders.
As a state-of-the-art messaging network with wireless capabilities, the GLN helps manage business processes in real-time and in-motion.
Its capabilities go beyond logistics, supporting common commercial transactions, regulatory compliance documents, and customer specific
needs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The GLN extends its reach using interconnect
agreements with other general and logistics-specific networks, to offer companies access to a wide array of trading partners. With the
flexibility to connect and collaborate in unique ways, companies can effectively route or transform data to and from partners and deploy
additional Descartes solutions on the GLN. The GLN allows &ldquo;low tech&rdquo; partners to act and respond with &ldquo;high tech&rdquo;
capabilities and connect to the transient partners that exist in many logistics operations. This inherent adaptability creates opportunities
to develop logistics business processes that can help customers differentiate themselves from their competitors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes offers a wide array of modular, cloud-based,
interoperable web and wireless supply chain and logistics management applications. These solutions embody Descartes&rsquo; deep domain
expertise, not merely &ldquo;check box&rdquo; functionality. These solutions deliver value for a broad range of logistics intensive organizations,
whether they purchase transportation, run their own fleet, operate globally or locally, or work across air, ocean or ground transportation.
Descartes&rsquo; comprehensive suite of solutions includes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Routing,
                                            Mobile and Telematics;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Transportation
                                            Management;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Ecommerce
                                            Shipping and Fulfillment;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Customs&nbsp;&amp;
                                            Regulatory Compliance;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Global
                                            Trade Intelligence;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Global
                                            Logistics Network Services; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Broker&nbsp;&amp;
                                            Forwarder Enterprise Systems.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Descartes applications forming part of the
Logistics Technology Platform are modular and interoperable to allow organizations the flexibility to deploy them quickly within an existing
portfolio of solutions. Implementation is streamlined because these solutions use web-native or wireless user interfaces and are pre-integrated
with the GLN. With interoperable and multi-party solutions, Descartes&rsquo; solutions are designed to deliver functionality that can
enhance a logistics operation&rsquo;s performance and productivity both within the organization and across a complex network of partners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; expanding global trade intelligence
offering unites systems and people with trade information to enable organizations to work smarter by making more informed supply chain
and logistics decisions. Our content solutions can help customers: research and analyze global trade movements, regulations and trends;
reduce the risk of transacting with denied parties; increase trade compliance rates; optimize sourcing, procurement, and business development
strategies; and minimize duty spend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; GLN community members enjoy
extended command of operations and accelerated time-to-value relative to many alternative logistics solutions. Given the inter-enterprise
nature of logistics, quickly gaining access to partners is paramount. For this reason, Descartes has focused on growing a community that
strategically attracts and retains relevant logistics parties. Upon joining the GLN community, many companies find that a number of their
trading partners are already members, with an existing connection to the GLN. This helps to minimize the time required to integrate Descartes&rsquo;
logistics management applications and to begin realizing results. Descartes is committed to continuing to expand community membership.
Companies that join the GLN community or extend their participation find a single place where their entire logistics network can exist
regardless of the range of transportation modes, the number of trading partners or the variety of regulatory agencies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.2</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">History
and General Development</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our origins were in providing logistics-focused
software designed to optimally plan and manage routes for direct delivery and retail customers with private fleets. Supply chain management
has evolved as companies across industry verticals have increasingly sought real-time control over their supply chain. We have established
a network-based business model and are consolidating technology to provide our customers with a shared-services environment that assists
our customers in gathering and exchanging source data for logistics. We have also designed value-added services that enable shippers,
transportation companies and logistics intermediaries to use that information to make better business decisions and deliver better service
to their own customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Key developments in our business over the last
three fiscal years and current fiscal year to date, described beginning with the most recent, are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Fiscal 2024 and Part&nbsp;of Fiscal 2025
through to April&nbsp;22<SUP>nd</SUP>, 2024</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 19, 2024, we acquired all of the shares
of Aerospace Software Developments Ltd. (&ldquo;ASD&rdquo;), a leading provider of customs and regulatory compliance solutions. The purchase
price was approximately &euro;57 million, with &euro;54 million paid at closing, which was funded from cash on hand and the final arrangements
for the transaction expected to occur in our fiscal 2025 fourth quarter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On March&nbsp;28, 2024, we acquired all of the
shares of OCR Solutions,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;OCR&rdquo;), a leading provider of global trade compliance solutions and content. The purchase
price was approximately $90.0 million, net of cash acquired, which was funded from cash on hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In October&nbsp;2023, a conflict between Hamas
and Israel erupted into a full-scale war contributing to a protracted and complex situation in the Middle East. As of the date of this
AIF, the ongoing hostilities have led to significant disruptions in normal life and business activities in the region, with far-reaching
impacts on the global stage. The volatility has also led to heightened security concerns and increased operational costs for companies
engaged in international trade and transportation, given the strategic importance of the region's maritime routes and its proximity to
significant oil-producing nations. Companies operating within or in connection with the Middle East must find a way to address this complicated
environment in order to move goods and services and our business includes several shipping-related solutions to assist such companies
to navigate this situation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April&nbsp;20, 2023, we acquired substantially
all of the assets of Localz Pty Ltd. (and its affiliates), a technology platform to help engage with customers on the day they are having
goods or services delivered. The purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $5.9 million, which was funded from cash on hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February&nbsp;14, 2023, we acquired all of
the shares of Windigo Logistics,&nbsp;Inc. d/b/a GroundCloud (&ldquo;GroundCloud&rdquo;), a cloud-based provider of final-mile carrier
solutions and road safety compliance tools. The purchase price was approximately $136.8 million, net of cash acquired, which was funded
from cash on hand, plus potential performance-based consideration of up to $80.0 million based on GroundCloud achieving revenue-based
targets over the first two years post-acquisition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Fiscal 2023</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January&nbsp;5, 2023, we acquired all of the
shares of Trans-Soft, LLC operating as Supply Vision (&ldquo;Supply Vision&rdquo;), a provider of shipment management solutions for North
American logistics services providers. The purchase price was approximately $12.0 million, net of cash acquired, which was funded from
cash on hand, plus potential performance-based consideration of up to $3.0 million based on Supply Vision achieving revenue-based targets
over the first two years post-acquisition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On December&nbsp;7, 2022, we concluded the terms
of another amending agreement (the &ldquo;Second Agreement Amending Credit Agreement&rdquo;) to the twice amended and expanded credit
facility agreement of the Company dated as of January&nbsp;25, 2019 (the &ldquo;Credit Agreement&rdquo;) among <I>inter alia</I> Descartes
and the lenders thereunder (the &ldquo;Lenders&rdquo;). The Second Agreement Amending Credit Agreement established a $350 million revolving
operating credit facility (the &ldquo;Credit Facility&rdquo;) that is available for general corporate purposes, including the financing
of ongoing working capital needs and acquisitions. With the approval of the Lenders, the Credit Facility can be further expanded to a
total of $500 million. The Credit Facility had its term extended such that it has a five-year maturity with no fixed repayment dates
prior to the end of the five-year term ending in December&nbsp;2027. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured by a first charge
over substantially all of Descartes&rsquo; assets. In addition to extending the term of the Credit Facility, additional changes were
made to the interest rate calculation applicable to any borrowings under the Credit Facility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July&nbsp;15, 2022, pursuant to &ldquo;well-known
seasoned issuer&rdquo; blanket orders of the Canadian Securities Administrators, we filed a final short-form base shelf prospectus, allowing
us to offer and issue the following securities: (i)&nbsp;common shares; (ii)&nbsp;preferred shares; (iii)&nbsp;senior or subordinated
unsecured debt securities; (iv)&nbsp;subscription receipts; (v)&nbsp;warrants; and (vi)&nbsp;securities comprised of more than one of
the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, subscription receipts and/ or warrants offered together as a unit. These securities
may be offered separately or together, in separate series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more shelf prospectus
supplements during the 25-month period that the base shelf prospectus, including any amendments thereto, remains valid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June&nbsp;16, 2022, our shareholders elected
two new directors to our Board of Directors at our annual meeting of shareholders. Sandra Hanington, former President of the Royal Canadian
Mint and Kelley Irwin, a former executive of the Electrical Safety Authority of Ontario, were welcomed to our Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June&nbsp;7, 2022, we announced the acceptance
by the Toronto Stock Exchange (&ldquo;TSX&rdquo;) of our intention to launch a Normal Course Issuer Bid (&ldquo;NCIB&rdquo;). Under the
NCIB, we may, and intended to, repurchase on the open market, at our discretion, during the period commencing on June&nbsp;10, 2022 and
ending on the earlier of June&nbsp;9, 2023 and the completion of purchases under the NCIB, up to 7,389,623 common shares, representing
approximately 8.7% of our then issued and outstanding common shares and approximately 10% of the &ldquo;public float&rdquo;, subject
to the normal terms and limitations of such bids.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On June&nbsp;6, 2022, we acquired all of the
shares of XPS Technologies, LLC (&ldquo;XPS&rdquo;), a leading provider of ecommerce multi-carrier parcel shipping solutions. The purchase
price was approximately $61.1 million, net of cash acquired, which was funded from cash on hand, plus potential performance-based consideration
of up to $75.0 million based on XPS achieving revenue-based targets over the first two years post-acquisition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April&nbsp;21, 2022, we acquired substantially
all of the assets of Foxtrot Systems Inc., a leading provider of machine learning-based mobile route execution solutions. The purchase
price for the acquisition was approximately $4.2 million, which was funded from cash on hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Fiscal 2022</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In February&nbsp;2022, Russian military forces
commenced an invasion into Ukraine which has escalated to a war between Russia and Ukraine. As of the date of this AIF, the Ukraine Conflict
has resulted in large disruptions to normal business activity in eastern Europe as countries focus on the impacts from the war and widespread
economic uncertainty across the world, including significant increases in oil and energy prices and resulting costs of operating transportation
assets such as trucks, airplanes and ocean freighters. The overall impact of these events to our customers and to the transportation
and logistics industry that we serve remains highly uncertain at the current time. In addition, following Russia&rsquo;s invasion of
Ukraine, the European Union and nations around the world including, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia,
Switzerland, and New Zealand imposed what they describe as &ldquo;strong&rdquo; and &ldquo;severe&rdquo; sanctions on Russia and various
Russian entities and individuals. The new restrictions, which focus on additional individuals from Russia and Belarus being added to
watchlists, expanded export controls (especially on high-tech and sensitive technology products) and measures to further isolate the
Russian financial system, add to international sanctions in place since 2014. Our business includes several solutions that assist companies
in complying with these types of sanctions and restrictions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February&nbsp;9, 2022, we acquired all of
the shares of NetCHB, LLC (&ldquo;NetCHB&rdquo;), a provider of customs filing solutions in the US. The purchase price for the acquisition
was approximately $38.7 million, net of cash acquired, which was funded from cash on hand, plus potential performance-based consideration
of up to $60.0 million based on NetCHB achieving revenue-based targets over the first two years post-acquisition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On December&nbsp;16, 2021, we concluded the terms
of a second amending agreement to the Credit Agreement. The amendments concluded in December&nbsp;of 2021 were largely of an administrative
nature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On July&nbsp;8, 2021, we acquired all of the
shares of GreenMile, LLC (&ldquo;GreenMile&rdquo;), a provider of cloud-based mobile route execution solutions for food, beverage, and
broader distribution verticals. The purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $29.2 million, net of cash acquired, which was
funded from cash on hand, plus potential performance-based consideration of up to $10.0 million based on GreenMile achieving revenue-based
targets over the first two years post-acquisition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May&nbsp;7, 2021, we acquired all of the shares
of Portrix Logistics Software GmbH (&ldquo;Portrix&rdquo;), a provider of multimodal rate management solutions for logistics services
providers. The purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $25.2 million (EUR 20.7 million), net of cash acquired, which was
funded from cash on hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February&nbsp;26, 2021, we acquired Vitadex
Solutions LLC dba QuestaWeb (&ldquo;QuestaWeb&rdquo;) a leading provider of foreign trade zone and customs compliance solutions based
in New Jersey, USA. QuestaWeb&rsquo;s solutions allow logistics service providers and importers to automate processes related to US Customs
and Border Protection (&ldquo;CBP&rdquo;) regulatory requirements for operating a foreign trade zone in the United States and to otherwise
comply with other customs filing requirements. The total purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $36 million satisfied from
cash on-hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.3</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Trends
/ Business Outlook</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Please see our discussion elsewhere in this document
related to the Russia-Ukraine Conflict,&nbsp;Israel-Hamas Conflict and the Pandemic and the potential impact of both to short-term and
longer-term prospects of our business and industry.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Industry consolidation, rapid technological change
and frequent new product introductions and enhancements continue to characterize the software, content and network services industries
 &ndash; particularly for logistics management technology companies. Organizations are increasingly requiring greater levels of functionality,
more sophisticated product offerings and access to industry-specific data from their software and services providers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Increased importance is being placed on leveraging
cloud-based technology to better manage logistics processes and to connect and collaborate with trading partners on a global basis, as
well as to reuse and share supply chain data to accelerate time-to-value. Cloud-based technology also enables business networks to more
easily unite and integrate services provided by a broad range of partners and technology alliances to extend functionality and further
enhance collaboration between business communities. As a result, we believe there is a trend away from using manual and paper-based supply
chain and logistics processes and on-premises solution deployments towards electronic processes powered by the exchange of cloud-based
electronic information between logistics and supply chain participants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Accordingly, we expect that our future success
will be dependent upon our ability to enhance current products or develop and introduce new products offering enhanced performance and
new functionality at competitive prices. In particular, we believe customers are looking for end-to-end solutions that combine a multi-modal,
multi-process network with business document exchange and wireless mobile resource management applications with end-to-end global trade
compliance and collaborative supply chain execution applications. These applications include freight bookings, contract and rate management,
content solutions for trade research and classification of goods for tariff and duty purposes, sanctioned party screening, customs filings
and electronic shipment manifest processes, transportation management, real time shipment visibility, routing and scheduling, purchase
order to dock door processes, ecommerce fulfilment, warehouse management and inventory visibility. Further, customers are increasingly
seeking &ldquo;big data&rdquo; content, insight and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for analyzing global logistics trends and
activity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe that there continues to be a growing
acceptance of subscription pricing and cloud-based business models in the markets we serve that provide lower up-front cost and easier-to-maintain
alternatives than may be available through traditional perpetual license pricing models.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>TRENDS IN GLOBAL TRADE</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict, geopolitical
and trade tensions with China, regional conflicts disrupting major ocean trade routes (such as those affecting the Suez Canal), and the
capacity of transportation related infrastructure, such as those affecting the Panama Canal, on global trade is uncertain. Record demand
for consumer goods continues to be a driving force for significantly increased trade and shipping volumes. However, it is not clear at
this time if geopolitical concerns combined with current capacity constraints and escalating transportation costs, further exacerbated
by ongoing resource shortages, port congestion, and inflationary pressure, and reshoring/nearshoring efforts will affect this growth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A clear, continuing trend is the expansion in
the counter terrorism role of customs authorities around the world through much more automated and advanced fiscal compliance and cargo
security measures. Facilitated by adoption of the SAFE Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade championed by the
World Customs Organization (&ldquo;WCO&rdquo;), the United States, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden, Norway,
Denmark, Mexico and many other countries have modernized, and continue to advance, their customs systems and procedures. As a result,
importers, exporters and their trading partners must comply with new and evolving customs clearance procedures and stricter cargo security
regulations. These programs are generally characterized by phased, multi-year deployments and mandates for electronic submission and
management of customs declarations, security compliance filings and related trade/transportation data.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; customs and regulatory compliance
solutions connect importers, exporters, logistics providers and regulatory authorities to enable efficient data transmission, cargo security
screening, customs declaration filings and compliance across multiple regulatory requirements and industry-sponsored initiatives affecting
international transportation. As such, our business may be impacted as regulations affecting domestic and international trade are introduced,
modified or repealed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Following the February&nbsp;2022 invasion of
Ukraine, the European Union and nations around the world including, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia,
Switzerland, and New Zealand imposed what they describe as &ldquo;strong&rdquo; and &ldquo;severe&rdquo; sanctions on Russia and various
Russian entities and individuals. The new restrictions which focus on additional individuals from Russia and Belarus being added to watchlists,
expanded export controls (especially on high-tech and sensitive technology products) and measures to further isolate the Russian financial
system, add to international sanctions in place since 2014.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">While the full effect of these new/evolving sanctions
on historical patterns of sourcing, manufacturing, buying and selling is not known, the importance of effective screening against denied
and restricted parties before conducting business in compliance with the rules&nbsp;of various governments and international organizations
around the world is on the rise. Transacting with people, organizations and countries with whom it is illegal or restricted can result
in significant fines, loss of export/import privileges, negative media coverage and serious reputational damage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As sanction policies are now the subject of mass
media coverage while also being in a state of constant flux, many businesses are seeking access to affordable, flexible and configurable
denied party screening (DPS) solutions to remain in compliance while limiting operational disruption.&nbsp;&nbsp;Descartes&rsquo; denied
and restricted parties screening solutions and services can help address these needs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Another key trend, intensified by the Pandemic
and more recent geopolitical tensions, is the growing importance of better managing supply chain sourcing and risk, managing export restrictions,
tracking product flows, monitoring competitors, and discovering new market opportunities using global trade data content and intelligence
tools. Trade departments within international shippers and/or their brokers are being required to manage import/export compliance for
a growing number of countries, covering everything from import (harmonized tariff) classifications, export classifications, other government
agency information and special trade programs and valuation methodologies going into the destination countries. As such, importers, exporters,
and their logistics providers are using global trade intelligence solutions to minimize duty spend, explore international sourcing options,
and conduct market research to better compete.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January&nbsp;1, 2021, the United Kingdom completed
its exit from the European Union and agreed to terms on a trade agreement that set out the tariffs and non-tariff barriers on imports
and exports between the two regions. Despite the trade agreement, both parties agreed that, in the absence of a customs union and single
market, import and export filings would now need to be made on shipments between the United Kingdom and the European Union.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During 2021, the United Kingdom operated staged
controls including the possibility to defer import declarations. They also introduced new electronic reporting systems for automotive
transport (RoRo) movements and continue to move to a new digital platform for imports and exports. At the end of 2021 the deferred declaration
process and voluntary compliance ceased and mandatory compliance with controls at the point of import were imposed, with security filings
from the European Union being enforced from 1<SUP>st</SUP> July&nbsp;2022. During 2023, we continued to see a steady number of customs
filing transactions and resulting revenues from our customs filings solutions in the United Kingdom. However, regulations relating to
these requirements could change which could in turn adversely impact that area of our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On February&nbsp;27, 2023, the European Commission and the United
Kingdom reached a political agreement in principle known as the &ldquo;Windsor Framework&rdquo;. This framework is meant to address the
unforeseen practical challenges relating to the implementation of the &ldquo;Northern Ireland Protocol&rdquo;, which had been in effect
since February&nbsp;1, 2020 (with all provisions applying since January&nbsp;1, 2021) following the UK&rsquo;s decision to withdraw from
the European Union. The new framework is meant to provide for certainty and predictability for businesses in Northern Ireland and incorporates
new data sharing agreements as well as arrangements on customs and VAT and excise. We expect that our solutions will continue to be used
by businesses navigating this new regulatory regime.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">More broadly we continue to see national customs system modernizations
around the world, and an expansion of the scope of data and documentation required to successfully import and export products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>TRENDS IN MOBILE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The mobile resource management (&ldquo;MRM&rdquo;)
market is also impacted by changing regulatory trends and limited driver availability. Several countries, including the United States,
have adopted legislation that requires automated telematics device-based reporting on various information related to the operation of
vehicle fleets, including monitoring drivers&rsquo; hours of service, distance travelled, speed and equipment inspections. We believe
that these types of initiatives will continue to evolve and that customers in this field are increasingly looking for technology service
providers to help them manage these complex compliance requirements. With aging driver workforces in North America and Europe, companies
are looking for solutions that can safely improve their existing workforce productivity while complying with the increasing number of
regulatory mandates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The MRM market continues to trend towards adoption
of solutions that specialize in enabling home delivery, delivery reservations and delivery route optimization that leverages GPS and
other real-time available information about a delivery resource in motion. With firms such as Amazon and Home Depot making home delivery
a differentiating feature of the buying experience, more retailers and distributors are focusing on re-engineering their logistics processes
to provide customers with cost-effective delivery alternatives, including home/job site delivery and value-added services, with tight
delivery time windows. Increased focus on carbon impacts and reporting are also raising awareness that optimizing transportation logistics
can contribute to corporate carbon reduction goals. In addition, we believe there is an increased proliferation of real-time information
that is available about delivery resources in motion and that customers are seeking delivery resource management solutions that can leverage
this information for their customers&rsquo; benefit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>GENERAL TRENDS</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our business may be impacted from time to time
by the general cyclical and seasonal nature of particular modes of transportation and the freight market in general, as well as the cyclical
and seasonal nature of the industries that such markets serve. Factors which may create cyclical fluctuations in such modes of transportation
or the freight market in general include ongoing developments in and changes to legal and regulatory requirements related to both international
and domestic trade, timing of contract renewals between our customers and their own customers, seasonal-based tariffs, vacation periods
applicable to particular shipping or receiving nations, weather-related, natural disasters or global health-pandemic events that impact
shipping or key trade lanes in particular geographies and amendments to international trade agreements. Since some of our revenues from
particular products and services are tied to the volume of shipments being processed, adverse fluctuations in the volume of global shipments
or shipments in any particular mode of transportation may adversely affect our revenues. Declines in shipment volumes in the US or internationally
likely would have a material adverse effect on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; expanding global trade intelligence
offering unites systems and people with trade information to enable organizations to work smarter by making more informed supply chain
and logistics decisions. Our content solutions can help customers: research and analyze global trade movements, regulations and trends;
reduce the risk of transacting in controlled goods or with denied parties; increase trade compliance rates; optimize sourcing, procurement,
and business development strategies; and minimize duty spend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; GLN community members enjoy
extended command of operations and accelerated time-to-value relative to many alternative logistics solutions. Given the inter-enterprise
nature of logistics, quickly gaining access to partners is paramount. For this reason, Descartes has focused on growing a community that
strategically attracts and retains relevant logistics parties. Upon joining the GLN community, many companies find that a number of their
trading partners are already members, with an existing connection to the GLN. This helps to minimize the time required to integrate Descartes&rsquo;
logistics management applications and to begin realizing results. Descartes is committed to continuing to expand community membership.
Companies that join the GLN community or extend their participation find a single place where their entire logistics network can exist
regardless of the range of transportation modes, the number of trading partners or the variety of regulatory agencies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 2.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 4</B></FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>NARRATIVE
                                            DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.1</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company
Overview</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are a global provider of cloud, device, and
data content-based solutions focused on improving the productivity, performance, security and sustainability of logistics-intensive businesses.
Customers use our modular, software-as-a-service solutions to: route, track and help improve the safety, performance and compliance of
delivery resources; plan, allocate and execute shipments; rate, audit and pay transportation invoices; access global trade data; file
customs and security documents for imports and exports; and complete numerous other logistics processes by participating in a large collaborative
multimodal logistics community.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our pricing models provide our customers with
flexibility in purchasing our solutions either on subscription, transactional or perpetual license basis. Our solutions help transportation
providers (air, ocean, rail and truck modes), logistics service providers (including third-party logistics providers, freight forwarders
and customs brokers) and logistics-intensive manufacturers, retailers, distributors and mobile service providers reduce costs, improve
operational performance, save time, comply with regulatory requirements and enhance the service that they deliver to their own customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.2</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Principal
Products&nbsp;&amp; Services</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe that our customers prefer a technology
provider that understands the unique requirements of logistics organizations and can provide a comprehensive set of solutions. Our customers
are looking for collaborative solutions that help connect their enterprise to the multiple trading partners, logistics services providers
and carriers that work with them. The Logistics Technology Platform helps our customers address those needs and provide a base for continuous
innovation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Logistics Technology Platform</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Logistics Technology Platform
digitally combines the world&rsquo;s most expansive logistics network with the industry&rsquo;s broadest array of logistics management
applications and most comprehensive offering of global trade related intelligence. It helps get inventory, information, assets and people
where they are needed, when they are needed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="tm242227d1_ex99-1img003.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Network</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Descartes Global Logistics Network&trade;
manages the real-time flow of commercial, logistics, customs and product information. It spans more than 160 countries and connects hundreds
of thousands of organizations in logistics and transportation, manufacturing, distribution, retail, government, ecommerce and business
services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Intelligence</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; global trade intelligence solutions:
offer comprehensive access to market leading data and tools to research, analyze and act on import/export movements, trade regulations
and market trends; reduce the risk of transacting with denied or sanctioned parties; increase trade compliance rates; optimize sourcing,
procurement, and business development strategies; and minimize duty spend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Innovation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are focused on transforming new ideas and
feedback from our customers and in-house domain experts into real-world innovations. New developments in the areas of the internet-of-things,
machine learning, AI and analytics are enhancing the ability of our solutions to solve problems and process more information in new and
complex ways.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Applications</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With the GLN as the connectivity foundation,
we have been expanding our logistics application functional footprint to offer a broad array of modular, interoperable web-based and
wireless logistics management solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We provide applications that help companies better
manage their logistics book-to-bill process and purchase order-to-dock process, track inventory, meet regulatory requirements, optimize
fleet performance, manage deliveries, and effectively communicate and collaborate with their logistics partners. These applications can
be principally categorized as: (i)&nbsp;Routing, Mobile&nbsp;&amp; Telematics; (ii)&nbsp;Transportation Management; (iii)&nbsp;Ecommerce
Shipping and Fulfillment (iv)&nbsp;Customs&nbsp;&amp; Regulatory Compliance; iv) GLN Services; (vi)&nbsp;Broker&nbsp;&amp; Forwarder
Enterprise Systems, and (vii)&nbsp;Global Trade Intelligence Solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(i)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Routing, Mobile&nbsp;&amp;
                                            Telematics</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Routing, Mobile&nbsp;&amp;
Telematics suite supports the closed-loop process associated with planning, tracking, measuring, delegating and optimizing the use of
assets and people that are involved in the movement of goods. These solutions can improve productivity and reduce fuel, vehicle and labor
costs. The suite helps address business challenges including the following: (1)&nbsp;strategic planning; (2)&nbsp;daily planning; (3)&nbsp;pickup/delivery
reservations; (4)&nbsp;dispatch and vertical specific mobile solutions; (5)&nbsp;commercial fleet navigation; (6)&nbsp;reporting and
measuring; (7)&nbsp;sales and merchandiser management; and (8)&nbsp;telematics and compliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B>(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Strategic Planning:</U>&nbsp; <I>Descartes Sales&nbsp;&amp; Territory Planner&trade; </I>and <I>Descartes Area Planner&trade;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">For strategic planning of recurring
pickups or deliveries, Descartes Sales&nbsp;&amp; Territory Planner performs complex service scheduling that simultaneously considers
daily, weekly and multi-week deliveries, as well as holidays and other non-working days. It also evaluates geographic distribution and
sales potential for each customer to help establish optimal territories and routes. Factors considered include minimizing travel time
and related costs, and balancing opportunities across members of the sales team. Additional parameters such as stops, distance and sales
volume can also be used to help determine routes and route schedules for sales, delivery or both.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">For strategic planning of highly variable
pickups and deliveries, Descartes Area Planner utilizes historical demand with algorithms to create models of demand density patterns.
Those patterns are used to create territory and route plans. Descartes Area Planner takes into account service levels and delivery product
types and is able to test the territory and route plan&rsquo;s resilience to change. Descartes Area Planner typically is used to generate
multiple plans to fit daily, seasonal or business cycle driven demand variability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Daily Planning:</U>&nbsp; <I>Descartes Route Planner&trade;, Descartes Route Planner RS&trade;, Descartes Route Planner On-demand&trade;
</I>and <I>Winroute&trade;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes provides a number of daily
planning solutions to address the range of customer requirements from the most complex to simple needs. Descartes Route Planner<SUP>TM
</SUP>takes in new orders as they are placed, optimizes them in real-time, allocating resources to help maximize operating efficiencies,
deliver priority service to the most profitable accounts and routes, and maintain overall customer service objectives. Our other daily
planning solutions optimize orders in groups, balancing service with costs and operational constraints. Our daily planning solutions
are designed to integrate with existing order management or transportation planning systems and can help companies reduce costs as a
result of shorter routes, reduce fuel consumption and enhance fleet utilization. Descartes&rsquo; comprehensive offering addresses a
broad range of operational environments that can vary across different industries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Pickup/Delivery
Reservations:</U><I>&nbsp; Descartes Reservations&trade;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Reservations facilitates
on-line scheduling of deliveries or service &mdash; either for self-service or as a decision support tool for customer service agents.
It helps companies to effectively tailor service to the demands of key customers while helping to achieve internal profitability goals.
Descartes Reservations also confirms that requests can be met and schedules in the appointment, making Descartes Reservations an effective
capable-to-promise tool.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Descartes Execution and Mobile Solutions:</U>&nbsp; <I>Descartes Route Planner Dispatch&trade;, Descartes Route Planner OnDemand Dispatch&trade;,
Descartes MobileLink&trade;, Descartes Food Perform&trade;, Descartes ShipTrack&trade;, Descartes GreenMile&trade;, Descartes Customer
Engagement&trade; and Descartes GroundCloud&trade;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Execution solutions (Descartes
Route Planner Dispatch and Route Planner OnDemand) manage routes in progress, tracking their performance, addressing route exceptions
as they occur and capturing delivery and pickup status updates. Descartes Execution Solutions facilitate the assignment and execution
of pre-planned and same-day pick-ups and deliveries. Descartes Mobile solutions (Descartes MobileLink&trade; and Descartes Food Perform&trade;)
provide integrated two-way wireless communication and supports active and passive monitoring capabilities for enhanced logistics execution.
By combining route planning and a free flow of information between dispatchers and the field, Descartes Mobile solutions extend the traditional
route planning process and provide real-time visibility into the execution of the plan. The combination of Descartes&rsquo; Daily Planning
solutions with Descartes Execution and Descartes Mobile solutions form the core of plan versus actual performance evaluation and continuous
logistics improvement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes ShipTrack provides cloud-based
mobile resource management and shipment tracking solutions to help customers automate dispatch, updates on shipment status and estimated
time of arrival and eliminate paper-based delivery processes. This highly-configurable and scalable platform is particularly well-suited
for the ecommerce home delivery, parcel and medical courier markets, helping these companies efficiently manage final-mile deliveries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes GreenMile is a highly scalable
mobile route execution suite that has been built with unique capabilities to serve the global distribution industry. The solution incorporates
machine-learning to continually improve service and travel time standards. It helps food and beverage companies to digitize final-mile
delivery processes, to eliminate paper from the delivery process, increase efficiencies and improve customer satisfaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Customer Engagement (previously
Localz&trade;) combines real-time vehicle location tracking and mobile communications to deliver solutions that enhance the consumer
delivery experience with advanced capabilities for end customers to directly schedule services and deliveries through an online portal
and follow the progress of their order in real-time with customer-centric notifications. The platform also provides retailers with innovative
and efficient &ldquo;click-and-collect&rdquo; capabilities that can improve the in-store collection process.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes GroundCloud provides a cloud-based
platform that enables final-mile contract carriers to receive customer delivery orders, plan and execute routes against those orders,
train and monitor drivers, manage assets and resources, and analyze operating efficiency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Reporting
and Measuring:</U>&nbsp; <I>Descartes Analytics</I></B> &trade;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Analytics helps companies
create and distribute reports within an organization or to suppliers, vendors, sub-contractors or carriers. It provides a simple, secure
way to create customized delivery statistics and metrics. It can help simplify the creation and management of supply chain scorecards
and, as a byproduct, can help identify best practices.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Sales and Merchandiser Management:</U> <I>Descartes Sales and Merchandiser Management</I></B>&trade;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Sales and Merchandiser Management
enables resource planning, route building and optimization, and tracking across delivery operations and mobile workforces, including
sales representatives, territory managers and merchandisers. Descartes Sales and Merchandiser Management facilitates weekly activity
planning, delivery status visibility for merchandisers and sales representatives, actual distance driven, in-store time calculation and
work data collection, and consolidated performance reporting. Performance data can be uploaded to corporate payroll and expense reporting
systems to ensure appropriate payments are being made for resource performance. Descartes Sales and Merchandiser Management helps our
customers improve sales and merchandising productivity, cut costs and improve customer service.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.5in"><B>(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Telematics, Compliance and Safety:</U> <I>Descartes Telematics and Compliance&trade;, Descartes Smartanalysis, Descartes SmartLicence&trade;,
and Descartes Driver Vehicle Inspection Reports&trade;, and Descartes GroundCloud&trade;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Telematics, Compliance
and Safety solutions offer next generation mobile handheld and in-cab devices that can continuously monitor the performance of vehicles
and drivers. Robust functionality for tracking vehicles, monitoring and scoring driving behavior and automation of driver logs and reporting
on driver hours for &ldquo;hours of service&rdquo; regulatory compliance helps increase workforce productivity and safety, prevents &ldquo;hours
of service&rdquo; violations and reduces or eliminates excess paperwork and processing times.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">In Europe, Descartes&rsquo; Smartanalysis
product is a leading tachograph analysis and compliance management solution. It is used by road transport operators of all sizes to meet
legal obligations and comply with Europe&rsquo;s complex driver working time regulations. Descartes SmartLicence is a comprehensive online
tool for fleet operators in the United Kingdom for electronically managing driving licenses and verifying license details with the United
Kingdom&rsquo;s Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Driver Vehicle Inspection
Reports (DVIR) is a configurable, cloud-based, enterprise-class solution for assuring compliance with routine driver vehicle safety checks
required or recommended by the United States Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Canadian Provincial Ministries of Transportation,
and the United Kingdom Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Ground Cloud safety solutions
provide proactive and reactive training using a microlearning approach. Proactive training disseminates and tracks completion of training
modules from a library of high-quality videos to keep drivers up to date and compliant. Reactive training solutions combine in-cab cameras
and telematics to capture driving events, evaluate their severity, and provide relevant training to help prevent poor driver behavior
in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B>(9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Machine Learning:</U> <I>Descartes Machine Learning (previously Foxtrot&trade;)</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Machine Learning advanced
algorithms leverage millions of data points collected from vehicles in the field, helping customers reduce last-mile costs, improve customer
service and learn service factors that improve route efficiency and on-time performance. This technology complements existing route planning
and execution solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(ii)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Transportation Management</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Transportation Management
solutions provide robust, network-based, modular, end-to-end multimodal functionality that spans the entire shipment lifecycle. We streamline
and support our customers&rsquo; ability to turn purchase or sales order fulfillment into transport orders, manage carrier contracts,
optimize and execute transportation plans, execute cross-docked and pooled shipments, connect to trading partners, control the flow of
prepaid freight, track shipments and inventory, audit freight and manage supplier/carrier performance. The suite of products addresses
unique requirements across truck, air, ocean and parcel modes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><B><I>Descartes
Transportation Manager&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Transportation Manager facilitates
efficient planning and execution of shipping across air, ocean, truck and parcel modes at multiple touch-points in the distribution process.
It helps logistics managers, shippers and third parties simultaneously evaluate shipment alternatives to find efficient shipping methods.
It is a solution that scales from the loading dock to the enterprise, providing up-to-date rates that allow the customer to both make
efficient shipment decisions and comply with carrier communications, manifesting and labeling requirements. The pick, pack and ship capability
helps our customers manage small parcel shipments with postal services, a variety of small-package delivery carriers and over 150 less-than-truckload
carriers. It evaluates and optimizes transportation purchases across modes for both operational effectiveness and cost efficiency, and
helps answer tough questions such as: &ldquo;How can I effectively use all of my carrier contracts?&rdquo;; &ldquo;Who is the most suitable
carrier in this mode to handle my shipment?&rdquo;; &ldquo;What shipments can I combine to lower my costs?&rdquo;; and, &ldquo;What shipment
consolidation should I use - aggregation, multi-stop routes or pooling to reduce costs while meeting service requirements?&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><B><I>Descartes
Dock Appointment Scheduling&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Dock Appointment Scheduling
is a collaborative solution that enables shippers, carriers and consignees to schedule dock door appointments. It streamlines the dock
appointment process by distributing the responsibility for scheduling from the warehouse to carriers and suppliers. By ensuring all supply
chain partners are involved in the process and have visibility into requested, scheduled and rescheduled dock orders and appointments,
this solution is designed to optimize shipping and receiving operations at a warehouse.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.25in"><B><I>Descartes Yard Management&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">A module of Descartes Transportation
Manager, Descartes Yard Management enables shipping and receiving staff, gate guards and yard jockeys to more effectively manage the
movement of trailers and identify inventory in the yard. Designed to work seamlessly with Descartes Transportation Manager, Descartes
Yard Management provides command and control of yards of all sizes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Rate Builder&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Rate Builder is a solution
that helps carriers and non-vessel owning common carriers (&ldquo;NVOCCs&rdquo;) manage global rates, contracts and rate agreements more
efficiently and meet regulatory obligations. Descartes Rate Builder enables companies to create, revise, store and distribute rates via
the Internet. Once they are generated, Descartes Rate Builder stores all rates in a central database with controlled access privileges.
Carriers can designate a &ldquo;contract owner&rdquo; who can allow multiple users to contribute during the drafting of a new contract
or amendment. NVOCCs can effectively manage a global rate network and help enable logistics service providers (&ldquo;LSPs&rdquo;) to
create and manage both buy-side and sell-side rates digitally, enforce a standardized global pricing policy and implement a global rate
request process. Descartes Rate Builder also supports the audit of ocean bills of lading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B>Descartes Retail Distribution&trade;</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">The Descartes Retail Distribution
portfolio provides visibility, reduces cost and removes bottlenecks as a retailer&rsquo;s products move from a shipper&rsquo;s Distribution
Center (&ldquo;DC&rdquo;), consolidation point, or DC bypass facility through third-party transportation provider networks and ultimately
to its stores.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Kontainers</I></B>
 &trade;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Kontainers is a digital
freight booking platform that facilitates a fully digitized customer experience across quoting, booking, tracking and dashboard analytics.
It enables LSPs to rapidly create branded state-of-the-art digital experiences for their end customers using advanced APIs to integrate
to existing rate management and back-office systems.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Global Price Management
</I></B>&trade;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Global Price Management
helps logistics service providers streamline and automate complex global shipping rate management processes. It has robust capabilities
to manage global shipment routing, pricing, rating and capacity allocation. The solution integrates with other enterprise systems that
need fast, accurate, and complete shipping and pricing options, including CRM, transportation management, and customer-facing online
booking platforms, such as Descartes Kontainers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes MacroPoint&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes MacroPoint is a multimodal
freight visibility platform for shippers, brokers and 3PLs to get real-time visibility and predictive analytics for in-transit freight.
Our industry-leading visibility network is connected to over 100,000 carriers and millions of assets and drivers through integrations
with on-board electronic logging devices, GPS telematics devices, carrier transportation management systems (&ldquo;TMS&rdquo;) and GPS-enabled
smartphone applications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes MacroPoint&trade;
for Capacity Matching</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes MacroPoint&trade; for Capacity
Matching provides freight brokers with greater visibility to the transportation capacity available within their network of carriers and
cooperating brokers. By accessing previously unused freight capacity using advanced visualization and analytical capabilities, freight
brokers can cover more loads, build stronger carrier relationships and reduce costs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Aljex&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">The Descartes Aljex solution provides
back-office transportation management for freight brokers and transportation providers. These solutions help customers automate business
processes and create electronic documents critical for executing transportation moves. In addition, customers can manage the lifecycle
of a shipment from order creation through execution, including real-time tracking with connectivity to the Descartes MacroPoint network.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes BestTransport&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes BestTransport is a cloud-based
TMS tailored for flatbed-intensive manufacturers and distributors. It provides capabilities that address requirements from contract rate
management through to load building, shipment execution and freight payment for flatbed transportation moves.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(iii)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Ecommerce Shipping and
                                            Fulfillment</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Ecommerce Shipping
and Fulfillment. Solutions help customers: seamlessly integrate and connect to ecommerce marketplaces, shopping carts, and other systems;
digitally transform warehouse operations through intelligent, mobile-based solutions; and leverage parcel shipment optimization and execution
to reduce costs and improve service.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes OzLink</I></B>&trade;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes OzLink is a platform for
integrating and extending enterprise resource planning (&ldquo;ERP&rdquo;), accounting, ecommerce, and WMS systems to streamline order
management, inventory control, and shipping. The solution functions as a complement to core business systems where gaps exist in the
flow of data and/or system automation. Descartes OzLink&rsquo;s standard integration modules and business process extensions can help
seamlessly move data between systems and automate tasks to eliminate labor-intensive clerical work, error-prone data entry, lead time
delays, and compromised customer service. The solution can flexibly connect systems that run in the cloud, operate on premise or within
a hosted environment to address an extensive range of ecommerce, warehousing, and shipping processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes pixi eCommerce Fulfillment/
Warehouse Management</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes pixi eCommerce Fulfillment/Warehouse
Management helps customers automate ecommerce processes originating from online orders. Integrated with hundreds of ecommerce sites in
Europe, the solution enables small-to-medium sized businesses and large retailers looking to enhance their online presence to support
the growing consumer demand for omnichannel deliveries. The solution collects order information from ecommerce websites, translates it
into a scanner-driven pick and pack process within the warehouse, initiates the shipment to the customer, and synchronizes all of this
information with the customer&rsquo;s financial system for invoicing and shipment tracking.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Peoplevox&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Peoplevox is a cloud-based
warehouse management and ecommerce fulfillment solution that helps online retailers connect to webshop front ends, translate order information
into a mobile-driven pick and pack process, and then feed parcel delivery systems for shipment execution. With sales and implementation
services that can be provided completely remotely, it&rsquo;s rapid to deploy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes ShipRush&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes ShipRush helps customers
ship efficiently and cost-effectively by integrating with front-end commerce systems and parcel shipping providers for seamless package
labelling, rating, tracking and postage processing. With integrations to over 70 business systems, including leading ERP, ecommerce and
supply chain platforms, the ShipRush platform helps customers to streamline their supply chain and reduce transportation costs. Using
the solution, companies can: automatically import orders; compare carrier rates in real-time to get the best options every time; print
shipping labels for FedEx, UPS, USPS, and other major U.S. and global carriers; and track shipments through to final delivery.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes XPS Ship&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes XPS Ship is a cloud-based
multi-carrier parcel shipping solutions for small-, medium- and large-sized ecommerce shippers. It helps customers streamline their ecommerce
supply chain and reduce transportation costs by automatically importing orders, comparing carrier rates, printing shipping labels for
all major carriers, and tracking through final delivery. The XPS platform is integrated to leading ecommerce marketplaces, ERP providers
and supply chain platforms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(iv)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Customs&nbsp;&amp; Regulatory
                                            Compliance</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><B>Our Customs&nbsp;&amp; Regulatory
Compliance solutions </B>help companies meet regulatory requirements for international shipments and the necessary customs declarations
and security initiatives. We offer different methods to transmit shipment information directly to customs authorities or to the carriers
who may be compiling data for security filing, which helps to ensure the smooth delivery of cargo as it moves through ports and airports,
and ultimately to the end customer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Global Cargo Security
 &trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">For carriers, freight forwarders,
NVOCCs and shippers, Descartes Global Cargo Security Suite&nbsp;offers solutions which help customers comply with electronic manifest
filing initiatives across a broad number of countries that have adopted various advance security filing requirements spanning different
modes of transportation. To accommodate customers&rsquo; varying technical capabilities, we offer options that range from user-friendly
web portals that permit manual entry of cargo manifest information through to tightly integrated system-to-system electronic data interchange
(&ldquo;EDI&rdquo;) connections. Descartes&rsquo; offerings in this area include the Descartes Importer Security Filing&trade;, Descartes
ACI eManifest&trade;, Descartes Advance Electronic Information (AEI)&trade;, Descartes ACAS Solution&trade; and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Export Compliance&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Export Compliance suite
offers denied party screening, license validation and audit for all international trading partners. Screening parties for acceptability
for receipt of product and the proper use of export licenses is essential to&nbsp;support compliance with the US and EU requirements
for export.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Border Compliance&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Border Compliance provides
customs compliance services to assist transportation providers and LSPs with imports and/or exports to Canada, the US,&nbsp;India and
the Netherlands. Through our Viatrade Service, the GLN offers an enhanced range of services to help carriers and LSPs negotiate increasingly
complex document exchange requirements brought about by international security initiatives and tightened borders. In addition, Descartes
Border Compliance services enable customs brokers to receive electronic manifests and invoices from transportation carriers so that the
manifest can be mapped to the Canadian and US customs release systems.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Ocean Tariff Compliance&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Ocean Tariff Compliance
helps ocean carriers comply with US Federal Maritime Commission requirements, and also helps manage the rate information for cargo that
moves according to the terms of a privately-negotiated service contract or NVOCC Service Arrangement rather than the public rates of
a tariff.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Electronic In-Bond&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Specifically designed for transportation
carriers, Descartes Electronic In-Bond helps transmit the necessary advance electronic cargo information to CBP regarding inbound shipments
prior to their arrival in the US. Using approved EDI protocols for the transmission of advance cargo information, we help carriers complete
the requirements for filing, and receive in-bond movement authorization within minutes instead of hours or even days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Customs Warehouse
Management&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Customs Warehouse Management
solution can play an integral role in simplifying procedures associated with customs warehousing, while taking advantage of the maximum
available benefits. This on-demand solution is specifically designed to allow users to manage goods stored under the customs warehouse
procedure, by storing information on imported goods and accounts, tracking all movement and activity, and enabling more accurate and
timely electronic declaration processing. Customs warehousing is used by many organizations as a means to suspend/defer import duties
and/or value-added tax on goods entering the European Union. It is an effective and efficient means of enabling importers to choose an
optimum time to clear goods and pay duties or re-export them outside of the European Union.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Global Customs&nbsp;&amp;
Transport&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Global Customs&nbsp;&amp;
Transport (&ldquo;GCT&rdquo;) suite provides its customers with European-centric customs declaration, security filing, transportation
management and freight forwarding technology solutions on both a cloud-based basis and a deployed model. The GCT platform supports fiscal
customs filings in 18 countries and security filings in all 28 EU member states.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Pentant&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Pentant<B><I>&trade; </I></B>is
a Community System Provider (&ldquo;CSP&rdquo;) in the United Kingdom providing manufacturers, retailers, distributors and logistics
service provider customers with a reliable and secure connection to both CDS (the United Kingdom&rsquo;s central system for customs declarations)
and the European Union&rsquo;s ICS to streamline declaration, cargo security and clearance processes. Pentant also helps customers meet
UK Revenue&nbsp;&amp; Customs requirements for imports and exports to be managed through a fully approved inventory control system for
the ports of Dover, Portland, Poole, Plymouth, Teignmouth, Bideford, Scrabster, as well as London City and Warton airports.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes e-customs&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes e-customs<B><I>&trade;</I></B>
is a modular, cloud-based solution offering that helps manufacturers, retailers, distributors and logistics service providers to cost-effectively
comply with UK and fiscal security filing requirements. It is designed to reduce complexity, increase automation, and facilitate the
end-to-end customs declaration process. Importers and exporters can leverage default and client-specific standing data, declaration templates,
historical filings, on-screen tips and system validations to increase speed and accuracy in the filing process.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(v)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Global Logistics Network
                                            Services</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">GLN services simplify cargo and freight
management by providing electronic services to the cargo industry and to companies who engage in international and domestic transportation
activities. GLN provides a secure and reliable transaction exchange plus connectivity services that include trading partner on-boarding
programs, data standards and protocol conversion, transportation-specific document compliance, audit and error checking, and archiving.
We offer several document management, connectivity and community services, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes CargoAssist&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Freight forwarders use Descartes CargoAssist
to improve freight booking, send electronic waybills and ensure that consignments are handled quickly and efficiently at freight terminals
around the world. We provide freight forwarders with access that connects them with their customers and logistics partners.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes e-Pouch&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">As part of the Descartes air cargo
solution suite, Descartes e-Pouch integrates with applications for bookings, shipment monitoring, quality performance reporting and customs
filing to provide a central repository that enhances electronic document exchange connections between back-office system and trading
partners. Descartes e-Pouch provides users with the functionality to facilitate the sharing of information with approved parties, automate
routine interactions, help flag problems at an early stage and provide a repository for retrieval of completed deliveries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes webDocs&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Freight forwarders use Descartes webDocs
web forms to help improve air freight booking processes, send electronic waybills and distribute freight messages with the required information
directly to the air carriers. Descartes webDocs gives forwarders access to electronic web forms that enables quick and easy creation
of the various documents and electronic messages that are dictated by the industry, such as the International Air Transport Association&rsquo;s
(&ldquo;IATA&rdquo;) e-freight requirements. The solution also provides forwarders with the ability to easily create messaging documents
such as master airway bill, house airway bill and labels and transmit these documents electronically to the air carrier.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Data Integrity Services&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Data Integrity Services
continuously monitors messages and their delivery to trading partners to identify and report errors. Once an error is identified, we
contact trading partners and coordinate the correction of inaccuracies and re-submission of corrected data. The service also provides
periodic summary reports by trading partner, message type and error type.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Cargo iQ&trade; (formerly
Cargo 2000&trade;)</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Cargo iQ allows customers
to monitor shipments at a master air waybill level from airport to airport, assisting customers in complying with IATA Cargo 2000 certification
process. Information provided by the system includes quality report compilation, shipment status, exception alerts, route map creation,
and departure time reporting. This information enables better decision-making for fulfilling customer expectations and ensures standardized
processes for improved service levels.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Carrier Portal&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Carrier Portal is a cost-effective
and efficient solution designed to help carriers without EDI capabilities, shippers, and freight payment agencies (&ldquo;FPAs&rdquo;)
realize all the benefits of EDI capabilities without the complexity of in-house solutions. The solution is a web-based information service
that facilitates the collaboration and automation of load tendering and freight payment between highway carriers and shippers (or FPAs
representing them). The carrier portal bridges the gap between EDI-enabled back-office systems of shippers and FPAs and less automated
carriers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Supplier Portal&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Supplier Portal enables
suppliers without EDI capabilities to electronically communicate and collaborate with EDI enabled carriers, logistics service providers
and shippers by providing capabilities to schedule pick-ups, automate tendering, and track the status of shipments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Port Community Services&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Port Community Services
assist in improving cargo clearance and management operations for local port communities and their trading partners by connecting and
streamlining information exchange between ocean carriers, inland carriers, forwarders, shippers, terminal operators, and port and customs
authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes B2B Integration&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes B2B Integration&trade; solution
provides cloud-based supply chain connectivity capabilities to a wide range of systems and platforms using most any protocol or method.
Our advanced solutions automate supply chain processes, enhance collaboration and add visibility among global trading partners. Users
can benefit from cost-effective transaction management, automated purchase to pay capabilities, connectivity to multiple ERP systems
and more.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Velocity Mail&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Velocity Mail is an air
mail and parcel management and tracking solution that leverages mobile devices to automate the entire air mail process from route generation
to accounting reconciliation with real-time tracking and delivery visibility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes COREInsight&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">COREInsight ULD solution provides
real-time tracking of unit load devices (ULD), a specialized container used for air cargo, as well as the freight contained in each ULD.
The solution helps carriers better match capacity with ULD inventory, reduce ULD fleet losses, and reduce costs associated with misplaced
equipment or the requirement to lease additional ULDs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(vi)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Broker&nbsp;&amp; Forwarder
                                            Enterprise Systems</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; Broker&nbsp;&amp;
Forwarder Enterprise Systems are designed to help brokers and forwarders more efficiently run complex international operations. Our on-demand
solutions enable large and small organizations to take advantage of robust capabilities for bookings, security filings and customs entries,
shipment and financial management. They automate the collection of shared data and multi-party shipment processes as well as help brokers
and forwarders extend the command of operations with their logistics partners to help meet their delivery performance objectives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes ITMR4&trade; Canadian
Customs Brokerage Suite</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes ITMR4 Canadian Customs Brokerage
Suite&nbsp;is an on-demand, enterprise level software solution that handles functions that a customs broker, freight forwarder or self-filing
importer typically uses to manage its operations. Those operations include documentation filing, accounting, financial reports, imaging,
e-billing and web tools for tracking and tracing, reporting and data entry related to Canadian customs declarations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes EDItrade&trade; Customs
Link</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes EDItrade Customs Link allows
custom brokers and self-filing importers to collect data and prepare it for US customs ACE entries, including cargo release, remote location
filing and post-entry compliance and supportive modules and the range of PGA documentation and data requirements to streamline the customs
process and create accurate declarations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes OneView&trade; Forwarder
Enterprise&nbsp;&amp; Customs House Brokerage Solution</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes OneView Forwarder Enterprise&nbsp;&amp;
Customs House Brokerage Solution allows freight forwarders, NVOCCs and third-party logistics service providers to effectively coordinate
air, truck and ocean import/export shipments. It supports end-to-end planning and execution of international shipments, including leveraging
system data to prepare and submit customs entries and cargo security filings to CBP.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes NetCHB&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; NetCHB platform enables
customs brokers to connect to the US CBP Automated Broker Interface (ABI) to electronically execute both fiscal customs declarations
and cargo security filings. The solution is particularly strong for managing US CBP Section&nbsp;321 Type 86 filings for low-value ecommerce
shipments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Foreign Trade Zone
Management &trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">The Descartes Foreign Trade Zone Management&trade;
solution unifies import, export, logistics, compliance and financial processes including filing with regulatory agencies (e.g. CBP),
Harmonized Tariff Schedule classifications, export licensing, denied party screening, comprehensive product catalog, tracking, event
management and international document repository. To further reduce data redundancy, the solution incorporates information-sharing capabilities
with import, export, customs house brokers and freight forwarding components. Electronic connectivity to regulatory agencies enables
seamless electronic customs document filing and clearance. The Descartes Foreign Trade Zone Management solution can be used with existing
warehouse management solutions or one provided by Descartes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Shipment Portal&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Shipment Portal&trade; is
a web-based portal that helps forwarders and shippers collaborate for shipment creation and status tracking throughout the shipment&rsquo;s
lifecycle. Powered by the Descartes GLN with extensive existing EDI connectivity, the solution aggregates information from these parties
and enables forwarders and their customers to build dashboard views of their transportation portfolio for up-to-the minute information
on a wide range of data points. The solution also features purchase order management tools that support extensive collaboration between
shippers, suppliers and transportation providers, and centralizes transportation request processes so forwarders can offer their customers
a single point for up-to-date information on their global shipments<B><I>.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes SupplyVision&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Supply Vision helps LSPs
digitize their operations and manage the lifecycle of shipments with modular capabilities that coordinate shipments, from quoting, routing
and booking through to final delivery.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>(vii)</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Global Trade Intelligence
                                            Solutions&nbsp;&amp; Services</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">Descartes&rsquo; global trade intelligence
solutions help customers: research and make informed supply chain decisions; monitor and evaluate potential growth opportunities, logistics
partners, and competitors; classify goods appropriately to ensure compliance while minimizing duties and tariffs; and reduce the risk
of transacting business with denied parties while establishing an audit trail of reasonable care practices. Global trade content from
Descartes can also be used on a service basis, to directly populate ERP and global trade management systems to enhance automation and
compliance processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Customs Info&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Customs Info helps customers
research and make better classification decisions while providing a record of the process to support classification determinations. This
robust global trade content offering provides various levels of access to millions of reference documents, including cross-referenced
and searchable duty rates, customs rulings, regulations, WCO Explanatory Notes, WCO Opinions, Commodity Export Codes, Other Government
Agency information, Customs Directives, Export Control Classification Number locators and more<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Datamyne&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">With a comprehensive database of accurate,
up-to-date import-export information, Descartes Datamyne delivers actionable intelligence for market research, sales insight, supply
chain management, enhanced security and competitive strategy. The Descartes Datamyne solution includes one of the largest searchable
resources of trade activity. Manufacturers, shippers, wholesalers, transport and logistics service providers, management consultants,
legal practitioners, industry analysts and others use this data and the analysis tools to evaluate growth strategies, explore new markets,
benchmark performance, monitor commodity volumes and values, simplify trade data research, discover buyer-seller relationships and refine
sourcing strategies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes MK Denied Party Screening&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes MK Denied Party Screening
provides easy-to-use options to quickly and efficiently screen customers, suppliers and trading partners against a comprehensive database
of international restricted and denied party lists. Customers can tailor screening processes to fit their unique risk parameters and
flag potential compliance issues for resolution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Descartes Visual Compliance&trade;</I></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Visual Compliance offers
more robust solutions for restricted and denied party screening, classification, automation, and export license management. These intuitive
solutions to enhance compliance and mitigate risk include capabilities for integrated screening, visually-driven compliance workflow
management, and robust export control and documentation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><B>Descartes Classification and Compliance
Suite</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">Descartes Classification and Compliance
Suite&nbsp;offers a comprehensive platform for managing and automating the work of creating, classifying, and applying customs &ldquo;product
masters&rdquo; essential to properly calculating duties and streamlining goods importation. Classification workflows enable trade professionals
to classify need goods efficiently and accurately, and integrated purchase order processing applies the correct customs data before orders
are sent to vendors, forwarders, and custom brokers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><U>Consulting,&nbsp;Implementation and Training Services</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our consulting team provide a variety of professional
services to customers. These services include project management and consulting services to assist in configuration, implementation and
deployment of our solutions. We offer a variety of site-specific technical and consulting services to assist in all phases of the implementation
process. We also provide assistance in integrating our products with the customer's existing software. In addition, we offer training
services that provide customers with a formalized program to ensure that applications are implemented and utilized in an efficient and
cost-effective manner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><U>Customer Service and Support and Maintenance</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We provide worldwide support to our customers
through our central support system. Our customer support program is conducted via telephone, online customer portal and/or email and
with our extended support options can be available 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-per-week.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.3</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Revenue
Sources</FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We generate our revenues from sales of each of
the services and products identified in the previous section, which are sometimes sold on a stand-alone basis and sometimes sold as bundles
of services and products. As such, we do not measure our revenues by the particular services or products referenced above. Instead, we
measure our revenue performance based on whether the customer is buying a license to our technology or is buying technology services
or other services from us. Based on this, our revenues are measured in three categories: license revenues; services revenues; and professional
services and other revenues. Services revenues are comprised of ongoing transactional and/or subscription fees for use of our services
and products by our customers and maintenance fees, which include revenues associated with our provision of maintenance and support for
our services and products. Professional services and other revenues are comprised of professional services revenues from consulting,
implementation and training services related to our services and products, hardware revenues and other revenues.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We review our operating results, assess our performance,
make decisions about resources, and generate discrete financial information at the single enterprise level. Accordingly, we have determined
that we operate in one business segment providing logistics technology solutions. The following table provides revenue information by
revenue source for fiscal 2024 and 2023:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Fiscal year
    ended January&nbsp;31</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Revenues</B></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Amount <BR>
    (in millions)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Percentage of <BR>
    Total Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Amount <BR>
    (in millions)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Percentage of <BR>
    Total Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 41%">License</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">5.3</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">8.4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Services</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">520.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">91</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">435.7</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">90</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Professional services and other</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46.7</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">41.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Total revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">572.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">100</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">486.0</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">100</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.4</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Customer
Base</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our customers are globally diverse, located in
the Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa (&ldquo;EMEA&rdquo;) and Asia Pacific regions. Our customers range from small- and medium-sized
enterprises to established &ldquo;blue-chip&rdquo; leaders across a variety of industry verticals. We have a large customer base of transportation
carriers, third-party logistics providers, freight forwarders, NVOCCs and customs brokers. Other customers include government customs
and census agencies, manufacturers, retailers, consumer products suppliers, wholesale distributors, and companies in industries such
as healthcare, recycling/waste management, pharmaceuticals and oil and gas.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table provides revenue information
by geographic region based on the location of our customers:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Fiscal year
    ended January&nbsp;31</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amount <BR>
    (in millions)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Percentage of <BR>
    Total Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amount <BR>
    (in millions)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Percentage of <BR>
    Total Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 41%; text-align: left; padding-left: 1.5pt">United
    States</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">382.2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">67</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">307.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right">63</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 1.5pt">Europe, Middle-East
    and Africa</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">137.2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">24</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">126.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">26</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 1.5pt">Canada</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">35.4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">34.6</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 1.5pt">Asia Pacific</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">18.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">17.4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 1.5pt">Total revenues</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">572.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">100</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">486.0</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">100</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>4.5</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Sales and Marketing</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Sales
Force</U></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our sales force is expected to sell across our
solutions, targeting specific industry verticals and geographies. At present, we sell most of our products and services through a direct
sales team that is focused primarily on the North American and EMEA markets. We have a limited direct sales presence in Asia Pacific
with resources in Australia, China, Hong Kong and Japan. As at January&nbsp;31, 2024, we employed a total of 276 individuals in sales
and marketing roles and had active relationships with approximately 77 distributors and resellers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We are headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada, with additional representative offices in Canada in: Toronto, Ontario; Windsor, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec and Sorel-Tracy, Quebec.
Our primary representative offices in the United States are in: Denver, Colorado; Atlanta, Georgia; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Ramsey, New
Jersey; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City, Utah and Seattle, Washington. In Europe, our primary representative offices are in:
Ghent, Belgium; Lier, Belgium; Ostrava, Czech Republic; Glostrup, Denmark; Munich, Germany; Leipzig, Germany; Hamburg, Germany; Dublin,
Ireland; Amersfoort, Netherlands; Woerden, Netherlands; Fredrikstaad, Norway; Tonsberg, Norway; Lodz, Poland; Namestovo, Slovakia; Zilina,
Slovakia; Sencur, Slovenia; Madrid, Spain; Malmo, Sweden; Gotenborg, Sweden; Stockholm, Sweden; Rheinfelden, Switzerland; Winterhur, Switzerland;
Chippenham, UK; Stockport, UK; and Totton, UK. In South America, our primary representative offices are in: Montevideo, Uruguay; Sao Paulo,
Brazil and Fortaleza, Brazil. In Asia Pacific, our primary representative offices are in: Nelson, New Zealand; Makati City, Philippines;
Tokyo, Japan; and Suzhou, China</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Strategic
Marketing Alliances</U></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through our United by Design alliance program,
we also form strategic partnerships with various companies in different geographic markets, in different industries and for different
products with the goal of expanding our market base. Typically, an alliance participant will market our products in certain geographic
and vertical markets and refer customers to us, in exchange for a fee in respect of new customers generated by the alliance participant.
Additionally, we have established several working relationships with telecommunication companies, management consulting firms, and complementary
hardware and software firms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our various channel partners, including a variety
of distributors and value-added resellers, play a central role in our strategy to address global customers, particularly in the Asia
Pacific region and in Latin America with our delivery management solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>4.6</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Research and Development</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe that our future success depends in
large part on our ability to maintain and continually enhance our current product lines and form integrations with our applications on
our Logistics Technology Platform. Accordingly, we invest in product development to ensure that sufficient resources are focused on developing
new products or enhancing our existing products. We also believe that it is important that our technology keeps pace with evolutions
in hardware, technology and services that enable us to operate and deliver our own services at lower cost. In 2024, we incurred research
and development expenses of approximately $84.1 million, or approximately 15% of our annual consolidated revenues for 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We continue to make substantial investments in
research and development based on our belief that our ability to enhance existing applications, develop and introduce new applications
that keep pace with technological advances, meet changing customer requirements, respond to competitive products and achieve market acceptance
is important to our growth and future financial performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our research and development program requires
in-depth knowledge of logistics, supply chain and customer know-how from business analysis, network operations and design, technical
design, and quality assurance. Particular expertise in solving operations research or logistics problems is a benefit to us, as is practical
experience in dealing with the day-to-day challenges that our customers face in dealing with logistics providers and deliveries in general.
We believe that we are well positioned to address our customers&rsquo; requirements with our existing complement of resources; however,
we evaluate our staffing levels on an ongoing basis particularly in those areas where we see ways we might expand or expedite our development
processes as necessary to meet market opportunities or changes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To build applications, we have implemented an
application development process based on size, deployment mode and complexity. For our smaller, less complex applications as well as
for our network services and SaaS solutions, we have adopted an agile approach centered on frequent, smaller application updates. With
the applications and solutions being deployed in our own, known environment and technology infrastructure, we can minimize development
time otherwise needed to accommodate the myriad of platforms that an application may be used over. Using this approach, the majority
of these applications, network services and SaaS solutions were updated in fiscal 2024. By leveraging public cloud infrastructure and
public cloud services we have been able to reduce development and deployment lead times and at the same time expand our geographical
presence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For our larger more complex applications and
solutions, we have adopted a four- to twelve-month release cycle. While we generally use the same underlying development methodology,
building in smaller incremental blocks, we apply a more traditional process for review and quality assurance testing as well as bundling
of several of these incremental blocks into each generally available release. Using this four- to twelve-month release schedule, most
of our larger and more complex generally available applications and solutions were enhanced in fiscal 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Enhancements not yet generally commercially available
are typically subject to internal testing and, where applicable, additional testing may be conducted with select customers, following
which we release the enhancements for general commercial use.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We continue to build and develop our network
infrastructure to enhance our delivery of services to our customers. We continue to execute on our internal &lsquo;One Networked Enterprise&rsquo;
initiative whereby we are consolidating legacy network infrastructure acquired as part of previous acquisition activities. We anticipate
continuing this initiative through fiscal 2024, including the advancement of additional integration activities resulting from new acquisitions.
To facilitate these advancements in integration activities, we continue to invest in our integration platform with a specific focus on
decoupling business logic from the presentation layer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We use AI in our products and research and development
activities. We utilize AI technology to assist in development and coding tasks. We use numerous AI techniques for the benefit of customers
in our solutions to improve productivity, quality of answers, system self-tuning, data synthesis, and other transportation related use
cases. In fiscal 2025, we expect to continue the use and exploration of AI technologies, including large language models where they add
value to our solutions and customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We estimate that the costs for our planned research
and development activities in fiscal 2025 will not result in any significant increase relative to our historical expenditures on research
and development activities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.7</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Competition</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Although we have experienced limited competition
to-date from companies with broad application suites with comparable capabilities, the market for our applications is nevertheless highly
competitive and subject to rapid technological change. As such, we expect competition to increase in the future. On an application-by-application
basis, especially in markets where similar technology has been available for some time, such as routing software and value-added networks,
we do experience competition from established vendors. However, we have found that our particular expertise in solving complex logistics
problems on a network basis has enabled us to remain competitive. On a geographic basis, we experience competition from both multinational
companies and local competitors. We face some disadvantage in entering new markets where competitors may have existing solutions with
user interfaces that are advanced in local language presentation. To maintain and improve our competitive position on a global basis,
we continue to develop and introduce new applications with the functionality to be easily adapted to local user interface needs (either
by Descartes or its distributors in a particular region).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We compete or may compete, directly or indirectly,
with the following: (i)&nbsp;application software vendors, including supply chain planning and execution software vendors, that may broaden
their product offerings by internally developing, or by acquiring or partnering with, independent developers of supply chain network
solutions, particularly on the execution (rather than planning) side, such as Manhattan Associates, Blue Yonder, Solera (formerly Omnitracs/Roadnet),
Verizon (formerly, Telogis) and Ortec; (ii)&nbsp;ERP software vendors who may expand their current offerings into supply chain network
service offerings, some of whom may from time to time jointly market our products as a complement to their own systems, such as SAP AG,
Oracle and Infor Global Solutions; (iii)&nbsp;internal development efforts by corporate information technology departments; (iv)&nbsp;middleware
software and service vendors that provide integration software, such as Software AG and SPS Commerce; (v)&nbsp;telematics solution providers,
such as Verizon (formerly, Fleetmatics), Solera and Trimble Navigation; (vi)&nbsp;other value-added messaging and visibility networks,
such as those offered by Kleinschmidt, OpenText GXS, CHAMP Cargosystems, FourKites and Project 44; (vii)&nbsp;other cargo booking portals,
such as Cargo Portal Services operated by Unisys Corporation and E2Open (formerly,&nbsp;INTTRA); (viii)&nbsp;other customs compliance
and forwarder back-office solution providers, such as E2Open (formerly Blu-Jay Solutions and Kewill) and WiseTech; (ix)&nbsp;other customs
and security declaration providers, often specialized in particular domestic markets, such as AEB GmbH and MIC Datenverabeitung GmbH;
(x)&nbsp;other trade data providers who may either bundle their data with a global trade management system, such as E2Open (formerly
Amber Road), provide trade intelligence platforms such as IHS Markets and S&amp;P Global or sell trade data content on a standalone basis,
such as Thomson Reuters; and (xi)&nbsp;eCommerce shipping and fulfillment providers such as ShipStation, Stamps.com, ShipHawk, Finale
and RF Smart. We also expect to face additional competition as other established and emerging companies enter the market for logistics
technology solutions and new products and technologies are introduced and as we expand to new businesses. In addition, current and potential
competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish co-operative relationships among themselves or with third parties, thereby increasing
the ability of their products to address the needs of our prospective customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe the principal competitive factors
affecting the market for our solutions include: vendor and product reputation; expertise and experience in implementing products in the
customer's industry sector; product architecture, functionality and features; cost of ownership; ease and speed of implementation; customer
support; product quality, price and performance; and product attributes such as flexibility, scalability, compatibility, functionality
and ease of use. To be successful in the future, we believe we must continue to respond promptly and effectively to technological change
and competitors' innovations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.8</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Intellectual
Property and Other Proprietary Rights</FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe our success depends significantly
on our proprietary technology. Through our internal research and development and our acquisitions we have continued to enhance the breadth
of our intellectual property portfolio. We continue to rely primarily on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret
laws, license agreements, non-disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions to establish, maintain and protect our proprietary
rights in our products and technology. Some registered forms of protection, such as patents, copyright and trademark registrations, have
a limited period of protection determined by the applicable law governing the registration. Other contractual forms of protection, such
as license and non-disclosure agreements, have a limited contractual period of protection. The source codes and routing algorithms for
our applications and technology are protected both as trade secrets and as unregistered copyrighted works with indefinite periods of
protection. We have an extensive portfolio of patents, both over technologies we have developed internally and patents that have been
acquired through our various acquisitions where patents were already held by the acquired companies or were pending. We continue to invest
in the ongoing expansion of our patent portfolio. Each of these patents offer a limited period of protection determined by the applicable
laws governing the patents. We have registered or applied for registration of certain trademarks and service marks with limited periods
of protection and will continue to evaluate the registration of additional trademarks and service marks as appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We also utilize certain other software technologies,
such as geographic data, shipping rate data, shipping mile data, sailing schedule data and global tariff and duty data, translation applications
and business intelligence applications that we license from third parties, generally on a non-exclusive basis, including software that
is integrated with internally developed software and used in our products to perform key functions. These third-party licenses generally
require the payment of royalties based on sales of the product in which the technology is used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our network customers may use electronic logistics
information generated by the customer, or by third parties on behalf of the customer, in connection with the customer&rsquo;s use of
our network services. Our customers are responsible for procuring and paying for the generation of such electronic logistics information
and the right to use such electronic logistics information in connection with our network services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Many of our data content solutions rely on data
being available to us from various public sources. This data is available on a non-exclusive basis and generally available without the
payment of fees except in certain cases where we may choose to obtain the data through third party data providers who may have pre-processed
or aggregated the data in a manner that is more efficient or effective for our purposes. This data is similarly available to other parties
and may allow other parties to develop competitive offerings. Our ability to maintain our market position is dependent upon our continued
innovation in the ability to organize the data and provision of tools that facilitate the use of the data while continuing to expand
and enhance the data.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.9</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Contracts</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Customer
Contracts</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We provide our GLN services and access to our
data content services to our customers primarily by way of written subscription agreement. The subscription agreement sets out the applicable
terms and restrictions on use of the service, the length of time the customer can use the service, and the applicable fees to be paid
by the customer. Typically, these subscription agreements renew at a customer&rsquo;s option and, in some cases, are subject to earlier
termination by the customer on appropriate notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We license our software products to our customers
primarily by way of written license agreements. The license agreements specify the applicable terms and restrictions on use of the software,
the terms and conditions of any enrolment by the customer in our software maintenance program, and the applicable fees to be paid by
the customer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We depend on our installed customer base for
a significant portion of our revenues. We have significant contracts with our license customers for ongoing support and maintenance,
as well as significant service contracts that provide recurring services revenues to us. In addition, our installed customer base has
historically generated additional new license and services revenues for us. Service contracts are generally renewable at a customer&rsquo;s
option, and there are generally no mandatory payment obligations or obligations to license additional software or subscribe for additional
services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If our customers terminate their subscription
agreements, fail to renew their service contracts, fail to purchase or license additional services or products, or consolidate contracts
with acquired companies, then our revenues could decrease and our operating results could be materially adversely affected. Factors influencing
such contract terminations and non-renewals could include changes in the financial circumstances of our customers, dissatisfaction with
our products or services, our retirement or lack of support for our legacy products and services, our customers selecting or building
alternate technologies to replace ours, changes in our customers&rsquo; business or in regulation impacting our customers&rsquo; business
that may no longer necessitate the use of our products or services, general economic or market conditions, or other reasons. Further,
our customers could delay or terminate implementations or use of our services and products or be reluctant to migrate to new products.
Such customers will not generate the revenues we may have anticipated within the timelines anticipated, if at all, and may be less likely
to invest in additional services or products from us in the future. We may not be able to adjust our expense levels quickly enough to
account for any such revenues losses. Our business may also be materially adversely affected by market trends impacting our customer
base, such as consolidation activity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Outsourcing
                                            Contracts</U></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We deliver some of our GLN services over our
proprietary networks, which are hosted by commercial public cloud and co-location providers such as, Microsoft, Amazon, Equinix,&nbsp;InterXion
and Lumen. These hosting and co-location contracts, on which we are substantially dependent as they relate to the delivery of our network
services, typically contemplate services to be provided for a term at a defined service level, with applicable rights of termination
and renewal. We typically pay monthly fees under these contracts, some of which are based on the volume of network activity flowing through
the hosting provider. If any of these contracts were terminated without our consent, we could incur substantial costs in migrating to
an alternate hosting provider. In such an event, the costs and related management effort could materially adversely affect our operating
results and the services that we provide to our customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.10</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Employees</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As at January&nbsp;31, 2024, the Company
employed 2,175 employees including 2,079 full-time staff. Of the 2,079 full-time staff, 558 of the individuals were engaged in
customer service roles (which includes customer support, activations and implementation services), 623 were in research and
development roles, 276 were engaged in sales and marketing roles, 123 in network and product support roles, 216 in data management
services, 126 in IT services and 157 were in general administration roles. Geographically, 1,200 employees were located in North
America, 637 were located in Europe, 128 were located in the Asia Pacific region and 210 were located in South America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.11</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
                                            Associated with Foreign Sales and Exchange Rate Fluctuations</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In fiscal 2024, sales outside of the Americas
accounted for approximately 27% of our total revenues. Our international revenues are subject to risks associated with foreign sales,
including longer collection times from foreign customers, difficulty in repatriating cash from foreign jurisdictions, unexpected changes
in legal and regulatory requirements, export restrictions, changes in tariffs, exchange rates and other trade barriers, political and
economic instability, difficulties in accounts receivable collection, difficulties in management of distributors or representatives,
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, difficulties in protecting our intellectual property, seasonality of sales,
language issues and potentially adverse tax consequences. There can be no assurance that any of these factors will not have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During fiscal 2024, 71% of our revenues were
denominated in US dollars, and historically the majority of our revenues have been denominated in US dollars. However, a significant
portion of our expenses, including the wages of our non-US employees and obligations under certain key supply agreements, have been denominated
in Canadian dollars, euros and other foreign currencies. Therefore, changes in the value of the US dollar as compared to the Canadian
dollar, the euro, British pound sterling and other foreign currencies may materially affect our operating results. We generally have
not implemented hedging programs to mitigate our exposure to currency fluctuations affecting international accounts receivable, cash
balances and inter-company accounts. We also have not hedged our exposure to currency fluctuations affecting future international revenues
and expenses and other commitments. Accordingly, currency exchange rate fluctuations have caused, and may continue to cause, variability
in our foreign currency denominated revenue streams, expenses, and our cost to settle foreign currency denominated liabilities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.12</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Risks
                                            Associated with Cyclical or Seasonal Aspects of Business</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our business may be impacted from time to time
by the general cyclical and seasonal nature of particular modes of transportation and the freight market in general, as well as the cyclical
and seasonal nature of the industries that such markets serve. Factors which may create cyclical fluctuations in such modes of transportation
or the freight market in general include legal and regulatory requirements, timing of contract renewals between our customers and their
own customers, seasonal-based tariffs, vacation periods applicable to particular shipping or receiving nations, weather-related and global
health-pandemic events that impact shipping in particular geographies and amendments to international trade agreements. In particular,
the uncertainties arising from the Ukraine Conflict,&nbsp;Israel-Hamas Conflict and the Pandemic could adversely impact global shipment
volumes in all modes of transportation in fiscal 2024 and potentially beyond. Since some of our revenues from particular products and
services are tied to the volume of shipments being processed, adverse fluctuations in the volume of global shipments or shipments in
any particular mode of transportation may adversely affect our revenues. Declines in shipment volumes in the US or internationally likely
would have a material adverse effect on our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>4.13</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Reorganizations</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In 2024, 2023 and 2022, we completed various
integration and reorganization activities in connection with our acquisitions of Localz, GroundCloud, Descartes Visual Compliance, Supply
Vision, XPS Technologies, Foxtrot, NetCHB, PinPoint GPS Solutions, GreenMile, QuestaWeb, Portrix, and ShipTrack including merging or
consolidating various legal entities and operations, eliminating redundant management positions and canceling certain ongoing operating
contracts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>4.14</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Material Contracts</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company previously determined that the Credit Agreement constituted a &ldquo;material contract&rdquo; of the Company and filed a copy
of the agreement on SEDAR+ at</FONT> <U>www.sedarplus.com</U>. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 7, 2022, the Company entered into the Second Agreement Amending Credit Agreement. A copy of the Second Agreement Amending Credit
Agreement has also been filed on SEDAR+ at <U>www.sedarplus.com</U>. Particulars of the Second Agreement Amending Credit Agreement are
disclosed in &ldquo;Item 3 - General Developments of the Business &ndash; 3.2 History and General Development &ndash; Fiscal 2023&rdquo;
of this AIF. Other than such agreement, as amended, as of January 31, 2024, the Company has not otherwise entered into any material contracts,
other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, within the past year, or entered into before the most recently
completed fiscal year that are still in effect. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>4.15</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Code of Business Conduct and Ethics</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Board of Directors has adopted our Code of
Business Conduct and Ethics (&ldquo;the Code&rdquo;) applicable to our directors, officers and employees. The Code is reviewed on a regular
basis by our Board of Directors and may be updated from time to time. The most recent version of the Code is available on our website
at http://www.descartes.com and has been filed on and is accessible through the SEDAR+ website at http://www.sedarplus.com. The Code
sets out in detail the core values and principles by which the Company is governed and addresses a number of topics in areas of environmental,
social and corporate governance such as: honest and ethical conduct; conflicts of interest; compliance with applicable laws and our policies
and procedures; public disclosure and books and records; use of corporate assets and opportunities; confidentiality of corporate information;
reporting responsibilities and procedures; health and safety; anti-corruption; and non-retaliation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-top: Black 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 5</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>RISK
                                            FACTORS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is made to the section entitled &ldquo;Certain
Factors That May&nbsp;Affect Future Results&rdquo; in the &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations&rdquo; contained in our 2024 Annual Report for the year ended January&nbsp;31, 2024 made available to all of our
shareholders and filed with various securities regulators, which section is incorporated herein by reference. This information is available
through the EDGAR website at http://www.sec.gov or through the SEDAR+ website at http://www.sedarplus.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>War in Ukraine</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We do not have any significant operations, customers,
supplier relationships or employee relationships in either Ukraine or Russia. We do utilize the services of a very small number of technology
development contractor resources based in Ukraine who have been impacted and/or displaced by the fighting in the region, however, those
contractors have largely continued to provide services to the extent they are able and there has not been any discernable impact to the
areas of our business where those contractors are utilized. More broadly, the war in Ukraine continues to contribute to significant uncertainty
within the global economy and is likely having an impact on normal business operations of companies in many parts of Eastern Europe abutting
Ukraine as those countries deal with the impacts of the war and the refugee influx as a result of the war. This disruption could impact
customers of Descartes who do business in that part of the world and may, in turn, impact on the demand from those customers for the
products and services of Descartes, for example, if distribution and transportation networks are disrupted or face a decline in volumes.
In addition, the impacts in Eastern Europe could also have an impact on our personnel who are located in those countries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The United States State Department has issued
a warning that one of the potential escalations that may result in connection with the war in Ukraine and in response to the increased
sanctions announced by many countries against Russia, could be an increased risk of cyber-security attacks to the networks and operations
of companies operating from countries that have participated in sanctions against Russia. We take that concern very seriously and have
increased our own efforts to monitor our networks and information technology infrastructure for any signs of such attacks. Any such attack,
if successful, could have a material impact on ability to continue to deliver our products and services to our customers. In addition,
if such an attack was successful as against any one or more of our customers, it could impact the quantity of transactions and/or processing
that we may handle on behalf of such customers and the resulting revenue therefrom.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-top: Black 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"><B>ITEM 6</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>MARKET FOR SECURITIES AND RELATED
                                            SECURITYHOLDER MATTERS</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>6.1</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Common Shares</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We&rsquo;re authorized to issue an unlimited
number of common shares for unlimited consideration. The common shares are not redeemable or convertible. Each common share carries the
right to: receive notice of and one vote at a meeting of shareholders; participate in any distribution of our assets on liquidation,
dissolution or winding up; and receive dividends if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors. As at April&nbsp;22nd, 2024, there
were 85,390,142 common shares outstanding. The common shares are listed on the TSX under
the symbol &ldquo;DSG&rdquo; and listed on NASDAQ under the symbol &ldquo;DSGX&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>6.2</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Transfer Agent and Registrar</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The register of transfers of common shares is
located in the offices of our stock transfer agent: Computershare Investor Services Inc., 100 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
M5J 2Y1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>6.3</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Dividend Policy</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have not paid any dividends on our common
shares to date. We may consider paying dividends on our common shares in the future when operational circumstances permit, having regard
to, among other things, our earnings, cash flow and financial requirements as well as relevant legal and business considerations. We
are prohibited by the Credit Facility from making a distribution (which includes a dividend) when there is an uncured event of default
pursuant to the Credit Facility. At present there is no such event of default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>6.4</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Market for Common Shares</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Please see the following table that identifies
the marketplaces on which our common shares trade, as well as the fiscal 2024 monthly price ranges and volume traded on each exchange:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Common Shares - TSX</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Common Shares &ndash; NASDAQ</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Month</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Price Range (C$)</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Volume</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Price Range (US$)</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><B>Volume</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 18%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>February&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 17%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$96.97 &ndash; 104.64</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,325,472</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$73.33 &ndash; 78.16</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,950,869</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>March&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$99.44 &ndash; 109.92</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,609,440</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$73.11 &ndash; 81.31</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,637,354</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>April&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$105.60 &ndash; 109.69</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,909,289</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$77.64 &ndash; 82.02</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,373,609</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>May&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$99.63 &ndash; 107.88</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,301,263</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$73.68 &ndash; 79.72</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,861,245</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>June&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$97.98 &ndash; 106.30</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,100,620</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$73.40 &ndash; 80.27</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,838,698</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>July&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$100.84 &ndash; 107.45</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,713,863</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$76.19 &ndash; 81.64</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,139,611</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>August&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$95.50 &ndash; 103.24</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,873,954</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$70.32 &ndash; 77.69</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,683,734</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>September&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$95.03 &ndash; 104.05</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,214,831</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$70.46 &ndash; 76.20</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,766,634</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>October&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$96.51 &ndash; 102.51</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,899,446</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$69.59 &ndash; 75.34</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,717,484</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>November&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$98.61 &ndash; 113.32</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,528,478</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$70.92 &ndash; 82.38</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,260,633</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>December&nbsp;2023</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$109.19 &ndash; 116.69</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">2,404,792</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$80.61 &ndash; 86.18</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">4,247,796</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>January&nbsp;2024</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$105.80 &ndash; 124.00</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1,866,490</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">$79.21 &ndash; 92.86</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">3,191,703</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As of the date of this AIF, the most recent closing
price for trading of our common shares was C$124.03 on the TSX and $90.32 on the NASDAQ.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>6.5</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Shareholder Rights Plan</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On November&nbsp;29, 2004, our Board of Directors
approved a shareholder rights plan (the &ldquo;Rights Plan&rdquo;) which was approved by the TSX and was approved by our shareholders
on May&nbsp;18, 2005. The primary objectives of the Rights Plan are to ensure that to the extent possible, in the context of an unsolicited
take-over bid for of the common shares of our Company, that all shareholders of the Company are treated fairly and to ensure that the
Board of Directors is provided with sufficient time to evaluate any such bid and to assess alternatives to maximize shareholder value
that may include, without limitation, the continued implementation of the Company&rsquo;s long-term strategic plans, as those may be
modified by the Company from time to time. The Rights Plan is specifically designed to ensure that the following occurs following an
unsolicited take-over bid: (i)&nbsp;there is adequate time for competing bids to emerge; (ii)&nbsp;shareholders have an equal opportunity
to participate in such a bid; (iii)&nbsp;shareholders are provided with adequate time to properly assess the bid; and (iv)&nbsp;a reduction
in the pressure to tender which may be encountered by a shareholder in the course of a bid. The Rights Plan creates a right that attaches
to each present and subsequently issued common share. Until the separation time, which typically occurs at the time of an unsolicited
take-over bid, whereby an offeror (including persons acting jointly or in concert with the offeror) acquires or attempts to acquire 20%
or more of our common shares, the rights are not separable from the common shares, are not exercisable and no separate rights certificates
are issued. Each right entitles the holder, other than the 20% offeror, from and after the separation time and before the expiration
time, to acquire one of our common shares at 50% of the market price at the time of exercise. The continuation of the Rights Plan must
be approved by shareholders every three years. On each of June&nbsp;2, 2011, May&nbsp;29, 2014, June&nbsp;1, 2017, May&nbsp;28, 2020
and June&nbsp;15, 2023, our shareholders approved certain amendments to the Rights Plan and approved the continued effectiveness of the
Rights Plan. The Rights Plan will expire at the termination of our annual meeting of the shareholders to be held in the 2026 calendar
year, unless its continued existence is approved by the shareholders before such expiration.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-top: Black 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 7</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>DIRECTORS
                                            AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.1</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Summary Information</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth the name, location
of residence and office held by each of our executive officers and directors as at April&nbsp;21<SUP>st</SUP>, 2023 Each director is
elected at the annual meeting of shareholders or appointed pursuant to the provisions of our by-laws and applicable laws to serve until
the next annual meeting or until a successor is elected or appointed, subject to earlier resignation by the director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 39%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Name
    and Location of Residence</U></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Office
    Held</U></B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Eric
                                            A. Demirian</B><SUP>(1)(3)</SUP></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Toronto, Ontario, Canada</P></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chair
    of the Board</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Deepak
    Chopra</B><SUP>(1)(4)</SUP><BR>
    Toronto, Ontario, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Deborah
    Close</B><SUP>(2)(4)</SUP><BR>
    Calgary, Alberta, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Sandra
    Hanington</B><SUP>(2)(3)</SUP><BR>
    Toronto, Ontario, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Kelley
                                            Irwin</B><SUP>(1)(4)</SUP><B><BR>
                                            </B>Pickering, Ontario, Canada</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B></B></P></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Dennis
    Maple </B><SUP>(2)(4)</SUP><BR>
    Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chris
    Muntwyler</B> <SUP>(2)(3)</SUP><BR>
    Baech, Switzerland</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Jane
    O&rsquo;Hagan</B><SUP>(2)(3)</SUP><BR>
    Calgary, Alberta, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director
    </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>John
                                            J. Walker</B><SUP>(1)(3)</SUP></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Naples, Florida, USA</P></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Edward
    J. Ryan</B><BR>
    Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, USA</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director
    and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>J.
    Scott Pagan</B><BR>
    Cambridge, Ontario, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President
    and Chief Operating Officer </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Allan
    Brett</B><BR>
    Kleinburg, Ontario, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Andrew
    Roszko<BR>
    </B>Montreal, Quebec, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Commercial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Raimond
    Diederik<BR>
    </B>Waterloo, Ontario, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Vice President,&nbsp;Information Services</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Ed
    Gardner<BR>
    </B>Toronto, Ontario, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Vice President, Corporate Development</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 39%"><B><U>Name and Location of Residence</U></B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%"><B><U>Office Held</U></B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chris
    Jones<BR>
    </B>Boston, Massachusetts, USA</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Vice President,&nbsp;Industry</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chad
    Murphy</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Atlanta, Georgia, USA</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Vice President, Professional Services</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Peter
    Nguyen</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Toronto, Ontario, Canada</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Senior
    Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Robert
    Parker <BR>
    </B>Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Vice President, Customer Support and Client Services</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Kenneth
    Wood<BR>
    </B>Cody, Wyoming, USA</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Vice President, Product Management</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">Notes:</TD><TD></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>Member of the Audit Committee.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>Member of the Compensation Committee.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD>Member of the Corporate Governance Committee.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(4)</TD><TD>Member of the Nominating Committee</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Information about each of our directors and executive
officers, including his or her respective principal occupation during at least the five years preceding April&nbsp;22, 2024, is as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Eric A. Demirian</I></B> has been a member
of our Board of Directors since June&nbsp;2011. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian was appointed Chairman of the Board in May&nbsp;2014 and previously
acted as Chair of the Corporation&rsquo;s audit committee. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is a Chartered Professional Accountant, Certified General
Accountant and a Chartered Accountant. Since 2003, Mr.&nbsp;Demirian has served as president of Parklea Capital,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;Parklea&rdquo;),
a boutique financial and strategy advisory firm providing services to small- and mid-market public and private companies, and President
of Demicap Inc., a private investment firm. Prior to Mr.&nbsp;Demirian&rsquo;s position at Parklea, he held the position of Executive
Vice President of Group Telecom,&nbsp;Inc. from 2000 to 2003. From 1983 to 2000, Mr.&nbsp;Demirian was with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(&ldquo;PwC&rdquo;) where he was a partner and head of the Information and Communications Practice. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian serves on the boards
of Enghouse Systems Ltd. (TSX:ENGH) and Imax Corporation (NYSE:IMAX). Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is a former director and chair of the audit committees
of a number of public companies. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian holds a Bachelor of Business Management degree from Toronto Metropolitan University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Deepak Chopra </I></B>joined our Board
of Directors on May&nbsp;28, 2020. Mr.&nbsp;Chopra most recently served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Canada Post Corporation
from February&nbsp;2011 to March&nbsp;2018. Mr.&nbsp;Chopra has more than 30 years of global experience in the financial services, technology,
transportation, logistics&nbsp;&amp; supply-chain industries. Prior to that, for more than 20 years, he worked for Pitney Bowes Inc.,
a NYSE-traded technology company known for postage meters, mail automation and location intelligence services. He served as President
of Pitney Bowes Canada and Latin America from 2006 to 2010. He held a number of increasingly senior executive roles internationally,
including President of its new Asia Pacific and Middle East region from 2001 to 2006 and Chief Financial Officer for Europe, Africa&nbsp;&amp;
Middle East (EAME) region from 1998-2001. He has previously served on the boards of Canada Post Corporation, Purolator Inc., SCI Group,
the Canada Post Community Foundation, Conference Board of Canada and the Toronto Region Board of Trade. He currently sits on the board
of Celestica,&nbsp;Inc. (TSX:CLS), The North West Company (TSX:NWC) and Sun Life Financial (TSX:SLF). Mr.&nbsp;Chopra is a Fellow of
the Institute of Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada and has a Bachelor&rsquo;s degree in Commerce (Honours) and a Master&rsquo;s
Degree in Business Management (PGDBM).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Deborah Close </I></B>has been a member
of our Board of Directors since May&nbsp;2015. Ms.&nbsp;Close held the position of President of the Production Services division of Tervita
Corporation from 2010 until 2016. Tervita Production Services, now High Artic Energy Services (TSX:HWO), delivers engineering and field-based
services to the oil and gas industry. From 2002 to 2010, Ms.&nbsp;Close was the Executive Vice President of DO2 Technologies (now Enverus),
a software company providing electronic invoicing to the oil and gas industry. During Ms.&nbsp;Close&rsquo;s tenure, DO2 grew from a
start-up to the leading provider of e-invoicing to oil and gas companies and their suppliers. Prior to DO2, Ms.&nbsp;Close served in
a number of Regional Vice President roles in Halliburton Corporation&rsquo;s software division, Landmark Graphics.&nbsp; She held executive
roles in several of Landmark&rsquo;s largest regions, including VP of Strategic Accounts, Regional VP of North America and Regional VP
of Europe and the Former Soviet Union. During Ms.&nbsp;Close&rsquo;s 12 years at Halliburton, she worked in Canada, the US and Europe.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ms.&nbsp;Close also currently serves on the board of directors of Inter Pipeline Ltd, a privately held company but a reporting issuer
for certain debt securities. Ms.&nbsp;Close holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Calgary and the ICD.D designation from the
Institute of Corporate Directors and Rotman School of Management.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Sandra Hanington</I></B> was elected to
our Board of Directors on June&nbsp;16, 2022. Ms.&nbsp;Hanington is the former President&nbsp;&amp; Chief Executive Officer of the Royal
Canadian Mint, a global manufacturing and marketing business, where she led a multi-year strategic and operational turnaround. Prior
to that, Ms.&nbsp;Hanington worked in the financial services sector and served in a number of progressively senior roles in Canada and
the U.S., culminating as Executive Vice-President and member of the Management Committee of BMO Financial Group. Ms.&nbsp;Hanington currently
serves as a director for Extendicare Inc. (TSX: EXE), a private sector owner and operator of long-term care homes and a private sector
provider of publicly-funded home health care services and is a member of the Governing Council of the University of Toronto. Ms.&nbsp;Hanington
previously served on the boards of Aimia Inc (TSX: AIM), Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and Symcor,&nbsp;Inc. Ms.&nbsp;Hanington
is co-founder and has served as a director of Jack.org, a Canadian youth mental health charity since 2010 and is the recipient of the
Meritorious Service Cross from the office of the Governor General for her work with the organization. Ms.&nbsp;Hanington was named by
the Women&rsquo;s Executive Network (WXN)&trade; as one of Canada&rsquo;s Top 100 Most Powerful Women three times in a row, from 2007
to 2009 and was inducted into the WXN Hall of Fame in 2010. Ms.&nbsp;Hanington holds a B.A.Sc. from University of Waterloo, an MBA from
the Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, and the ICD.D designation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Kelley Irwin</I></B> joined our Board of
Directors  in June 2022. Ms. Irwin is a Corporate
Director and holds a Chartered Director (C.Dir) designation. Ms. Irwin has 35 years of international Information Technology (IT) experience
in the financial services and regulatory industries. She held executive roles at Sun Life Financial, TD Bank, Economical Insurance, and
its subsidiary, Sonnet Insurance, and the Electrical Safety Authority (ESA). From 2019-2023, she held the position of Chief Information
Officer (CIO) at the ESA where she led a multi-year digital transformation. Ms. Irwin sits on cyber security Advisory Boards and is a
frequent public speaker in forums on cyber-security. Ms. Irwin currently serves as a director on the boards of Lakefront Utility Services
Inc. and Pro-Demnity Insurance Company. Ms. Irwin holds a BA in Mathematics from the University of Western Ontario, a Computer Science
Diploma from Fanshawe College, Cyber-Security Certificate from the University of Washington, and has completed executive education at
the Harvard Kennedy School. Ms. Irwin actively participates in local and global organizations supporting women in technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><B><I>Dennis Maple</I></B>
was elected to our Board of Directors on June 1, 2017. Mr. Maple is currently Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Goddard Systems,
LLC, which oversees the operation of 631 premium early childhood education schools operating in 38 states across the United States. Between
January 2014 and August 2019, Mr. Maple was the President of First Student, Inc., a subsidiary of United Kingdom based publicly-traded
First Group plc., a transport operator in the United Kingdom and North America, that provides transportation solutions encompassing student
bus transportation and public rail and public bus operations. Prior to serving as President of First Student, from 2006 to January 2014,
Mr. Maple was President of Aramark Education, the market leading provider of food and nutrition planning services, facilities management,
construction project management and related services to school districts across North America. Prior to his role as President of Aramark
Education, from 2003 to 2006, Mr. Maple held senior executive management positions at Aramark serving both K-12 schools and Higher Education
Colleges and Universities. Prior to serving in executive roles at Aramark, from 1994 to 2003, Mr. Maple served as an Area Vice President
at Coors Brewing and in several other management roles. Leading up to 1994, Mr. Maple held executive roles at Kraft-General Foods, PepsiCo
and The Quaker Oats Company. Mr. Maple holds a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in accounting from the University of Tennessee,
Knoxville. During the past 30 years, Mr. Maple has served on numerous charitable and community-based boards, including the Urban League
of Philadelphia, The Episcopal Academy, a leading college preparatory school, recognized nationally, based in the suburbs of Philadelphia,
and as well, he has served on numerous other local organization boards, including Philadelphia Outward Bound, Philadelphia Academies
and the Paoli Hospital Foundation. Mr. Maple has also been an active participant in organizations across North America supporting primary
and secondary schools and communities. In 2021, Mr. Maple was elected to the International Franchise Association&rsquo;s (IFA) Board
of Directors. In 2023, Mr. Maple was awarded the Diversity in Business award from the Philadelphia Business Journal; and in 2024, Mr.
Maple was named among Savoy Magazine&rsquo;s Most Influential Executives. Finally, in 2024 Mr. Maple was recognized locally in the City
of Philadelphia and the State of Pennsylvania as one of several Black Trailblazers for his community engagement work and support of the
Philadelphia Region.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Chris Muntwyler </I></B>joined our Board
of Directors on May&nbsp;28, 2020. Mr.&nbsp;Muntwyler has significant international experience in the transportation, logistics and technology
sectors. Having previously held various senior executive positions at SwissAir and the positions of Chief Executive of DHL Express (UK)
Limited and Managing Director (Switzerland, Germany and Central Europe) at DHL Express, he is now a management consultant through his
business, Conlogic AG, specializing in strategic development, leadership guidance and customer orientation and process automation. Mr.&nbsp;Muntwyler
spent 10 years in the DHL Express organization following a 27 year career with SwissAir. Mr.&nbsp;Muntwyler previously served as a non-executive
director on the board of The Austrian (Vienna: Post) from 2010 to April&nbsp;2023, National Express Group PLC in the United Kingdom (LSE:NEX)
from 2011 to 2020 and as a director of Panalpina World Transport (Holding) Ltd. from 2010 to 2018. During the period of 2007 and 2008,
Mr.&nbsp;Muntwyler served as a member of the President&rsquo;s Committee on the United Kingdom&rsquo;s Confederation of British Industry.
During his professional career, Mr.&nbsp;Muntwyler has lived and worked in Switzerland, Sweden, the United States, Germany and the United
Kingdom.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Jane O&rsquo;Hagan </I></B>has been a member
of our Board of Directors since May 2014. Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan is a corporate director with over 20 years experience in the transportation
and logistics sectors. From 2010 until 2014, Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan was the Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of Canadian
Pacific Railway Limited. Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan also held various roles at CP including Senior Vice President, Strategy and Yield, Vice President,
Strategy and External Affairs and Assistant Vice President, Strategy and Research. Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan was appointed to the GCT Global
Containers Terminal Inc. Board of Directors in August 2023 and is chair of the Human Resources Committee. Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan also serves
as a director of USD Partners GP LCC, the general partner of USD Partners LP (NYSE:USDP), an acquirer, developer and operator of energy-related
rail terminals and other complementary mid-stream assets, where Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan is the past Chair of USD Partners GP LLC board&rsquo;s
conflicts committee and as a member of the audit committee. From 2018 until its acquisition in 2021, Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan was a member of
the board of Pinnacle Renewable Holdings (TSX:PL), a supplier of industrial wood pellets based in Richmond, BC where she also served
as a member of the audit and risk committees. Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan has a Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) and a Bachelor of Administrative and Commercial
Studies from the University of Western Ontario (London, Ontario, Canada) and has completed graduate studies in Program and Policy Studies
from the University of Western Ontario. In December 2012, Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan was named one of Canada&rsquo;s Top 100 Most Powerful Women
by the Women&rsquo;s Executive Network. Ms. O&rsquo;Hagan is also a holder of the ICD.D designation from the Institute of Corporate Directors,
which she achieved in June 2016 and earned the CERT Certificate in Cyber Risk Oversight issued by Carnegie Mellon University and the
National Association of Corporate Directors in February 2018.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>John J. Walker </I></B>has been a member
of our Board of Directors since September 2011. Mr. Walker is a corporate director and a Certified Public Accountant and a Chartered Global
Management Accountant with 37 years overall financial and executive management experience, including twenty-one years of experience as
a Chief Financial Officer with both public and private companies. Mr. Walker served as Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President
of Bowne &amp; Company, a New York Stock Exchange-listed provider of services to help companies produce and manage their shareholder,
investor and marketing &amp; business communications, from 2006 until its acquisition by R.R. Donnelley &amp; Sons in 2010. Prior to Bowne
 &amp; Company, from 1988 to 2006, Mr. Walker was an executive with Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corporation a motion picture theatre exhibition
chain, including sixteen years as Chief Financial Officer. Prior thereto, Mr. Walker served for six years as Controller and Principal
Accounting Officer of Corporate Property Investors, then one of the largest real estate investment trusts in the United States. Mr. Walker
also served for six years as Treasurer and Assistant Corporate Controller of Princess Hotels International a company involved in the ownership
and operation of luxury resort hotels, real estate and timesharing developments. From October 2021 to October 2023, Mr. Walker was a member
of the Board of Schultze Special Purpose Acquisition Corp. II (Nasdaq: SAMAU, SAMA, SAMAW) where he was Chair of the Audit Committee and
also served on the Nominating and Compensation Committees. Mr. Walker was a member of the Board of Schultze Special Purpose Acquisition
Corp. I from June 2018 until December 2020 up to the completion of a &ldquo;de-SPAC&rdquo; business combination. Mr. Walker started his
career in the New York office of then-Price Waterhouse. Mr. Walker is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
and the New York State Society of CPAs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Edward J. Ryan</I></B> is our Chief Executive
Officer and has been a member of our Board of Directors since May 2014. Mr. Ryan joined Descartes in February 2000 in connection with
our acquisition of E-Transport Incorporated. Mr. Ryan guides the company&rsquo;s executive management team and drives its growth and
M&amp;A strategies. Prior to taking on his current role in 2013, Mr. Ryan led Descartes&rsquo; global sales and marketing operations
as Chief Commercial Officer after having served as Executive Vice President of Global Field Operations. Mr. Ryan brings more than 30
years of experience in supply chain and logistics technology to the company and its customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>J. Scott Pagan</I></B> is our President
and Chief Operating Officer. Mr.&nbsp;Pagan joined our legal department in May&nbsp;2000. Mr.&nbsp;Pagan was appointed Corporate Secretary
in May&nbsp;2003, General Counsel&nbsp;&amp; Corporate Secretary in June&nbsp;2004, and Executive Vice President, Corporate Development
in July&nbsp;2007. He was appointed Chief Corporate Officer in June&nbsp;2011 and appointed President and Chief Operating Officer in
November&nbsp;2013. Prior to joining Descartes, Mr.&nbsp;Pagan was in private legal practice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Allan Brett</I></B> is our Chief Financial
Officer. Mr.&nbsp;Brett is a Chartered Professional Accountant and is an experienced public company executive, who served as Chief Financial
Officer of Aastra Technologies Limited from 1996 through to its sale to Mitel Networks Corporation in 2014. Mr.&nbsp;Brett was appointed
Chief Financial Officer of Descartes in May&nbsp;2014.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Andrew Roszko </I></B>is our Chief Commercial
Officer. Mr.&nbsp;Roszko joined Descartes in November&nbsp;2006 as part of the acquisition of CubeRoute, where he was a founder and held
both engineering and operational leadership roles. Prior to CubeRoute, Mr.&nbsp;Roszko ran a consulting practice and, since joining Descartes,
he has held progressively increasing senior sales leadership roles until his appointment in June&nbsp;2022 to the role of Chief Commercial
Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Raimond Diederik</I></B> is our
Executive Vice President,&nbsp;Information Services. Mr.&nbsp;Diederik joined Descartes in July&nbsp;1998 in connection with our
acquisition of Calixon N.V. Since then, Mr.&nbsp;Diederik has occupied various senior management positions within Descartes, with
particular focus on our information technology infrastructure and security and technology development activities. Mr.&nbsp;Diederik
was appointed SVP, Network Operations&nbsp;&amp; Information Technology in June&nbsp;2006 and then appointed Executive Vice
President,&nbsp;Information Services in September&nbsp;2009.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Ed Gardner</I></B> is our Executive Vice
President, Corporate Development. Mr.&nbsp;Gardner joined Descartes in 2003 where he first held a number of senior roles within our corporate
finance organization. In his current role as Executive Vice President, Corporate Development, Mr.&nbsp;Gardner is responsible for the
development and execution of our M&amp;A strategy.&nbsp; Mr.&nbsp;Gardner&rsquo;s previous experience includes both practical logistics
experience where he worked in a senior leadership position at a third-party logistics provider as well as deal execution and integration
experience as part of Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young&rsquo;s Transaction Advisory Services practice in London, England.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Chris Jones </I></B>is our Executive Vice
President,&nbsp;Industry. Mr.&nbsp;Jones joined Descartes in May&nbsp;2005 and served as Executive Vice President, Solutions&nbsp;&amp;
Markets until his appointment to Executive Vice President, Solutions&nbsp;&amp; Services in September&nbsp;2006. Mr.&nbsp;Jones was appointed
Executive Vice President, Services in February&nbsp;2011 and Executive Vice-President, Marketing&nbsp;&amp; Services in June&nbsp;2011.
From November&nbsp;2003 until he joined Descartes, Mr.&nbsp;Jones was Senior Vice President in Aberdeen Group's Value Chain Research
division where he was responsible for creating a market-leading supply chain and manufacturing research and advisory research practice.
Prior to Aberdeen, from September&nbsp;1998 to January&nbsp;2003, Mr.&nbsp;Jones was Executive Vice President of Marketing and Corporate
Development for SynQuest,&nbsp;Inc., a provider of supply chain planning solutions. Before joining SynQuest, from May&nbsp;1994 to September&nbsp;1998,
Mr.&nbsp;Jones was Vice President and Research Director for Enterprise Resource Planning Solutions at the Gartner Group.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Chad Murphy</I></B> is our Executive Vice
President, Professional Services. Mr.&nbsp;Murphy joined Descartes in 2001 in connection with our acquisition of Centricity and has worked
within product management, solutions consulting, and professional services. Mr.&nbsp;Murphy is responsible for overseeing the delivery
of implementation and activation services carried out by the Professional Services teams within the organization. Mr.&nbsp;Murphy has
extensive experience engaging with customers across many industries to understand their challenges and helping them deploy valuable technology
solutions and process improvement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Peter Nguyen</I></B> is our Senior Vice
President, Legal, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining Descartes in 2020, Mr.&nbsp;Nguyen was General Counsel and
Corporate Secretary at two other Canadian-based software companies. With more than 20 years of experience, Mr.&nbsp;Nguyen leads the
legal function at Descartes and he and his team are responsible for providing legal services to Company on a global basis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Robert Parker</I></B> is our Executive
Vice President, Customer Support and Client Services. Mr.&nbsp;Parker joined Descartes in 2009 as part of the acquisition of Scancode
where he had held the role of VP, Operations for 10 years. Mr.&nbsp;Parker leads Descartes&rsquo; global customer support and client
services organization and brings over 20 years of senior management and logistics consulting experience to Descartes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Kenneth Wood</I></B> is our Executive Vice
President of Product Management. Mr.&nbsp;Wood joined Descartes in July&nbsp;2001 in connection with our acquisition of Centricity. Mr.&nbsp;Wood
provides leadership in defining our product strategy, developing roadmaps, and working with all aspects of product delivery. He brings
deep domain expertise in supply chain management, transportation management, fleet management, mobile solutions and supply chain planning.
Mr.&nbsp;Wood's previous experience included leadership roles in development, consulting and product management&nbsp;with leading supply
chain software providers such as CAPS Logistics, i2 Technologies, and Centricity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To our knowledge, as at April 22nd, 2024, our directors and executive officers as a group beneficially owned, or controlled or directed,
directly or indirectly, 331,980 of our common shares, representing approximately 0.39% of the common shares then outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>7.2</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Committees of the Board of
Directors</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Board of Directors currently has four committees:
the Audit Committee; the Compensation Committee; the Corporate Governance Committee; and the Nominating Committee. The committees, their
mandates and membership are discussed below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Audit Committee</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The primary functions of the Audit Committee
are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting practices of the Company and the audits of the Company's financial statements,
including assisting the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities in reviewing: financial disclosures and internal controls over financial
reporting; monitoring the system of internal control and overall enterprise risk management (including oversight of the Company&rsquo;s
cybersecurity readiness); monitoring the Company's compliance with Applicable Requirements (as defined in Descartes&rsquo; Audit Committee
charter); overseeing internal audit functions; selecting the auditors for shareholder approval; reviewing the qualifications, independence
and performance of the auditors; reviewing the qualifications, independence and performance of the Company's financial management; reviewing
related party transactions involving the Company and its Board or executive management.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Board of Directors has adopted an amended
Audit Committee charter setting out the scope of the Audit Committee&rsquo;s functions, responsibilities and membership requirements.
A copy of that charter is attached as Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to this AIF.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee is currently composed of
four independent directors: John J. Walker (Chair), Deepak Chopra, Eric Demirian and Kelley Irwin. The Board of Directors has determined
that each of Mr.&nbsp;Walker, Mr.&nbsp;Chopra and Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is an &ldquo;audit committee financial expert&rdquo; as defined in
paragraph 8(b)&nbsp;of General Instruction B to Form&nbsp;40-F promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and that each member
of the Audit Committee is financially sophisticated for the purposes of NASDAQ Rule&nbsp;5605(c)(2)(A).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following sets out the education and experience
of the members of the Audit Committee, each of whom is independent and financially literate:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><B><I>John J. Walker</I></B> C.P.A.,
C.G.M.A., B.S. &ndash; Mr.&nbsp;Walker is a Certified Public Accountant and a Chartered Global Management Accountant with experience
as a Chief Financial Officer with public companies, including Bowne&nbsp;&amp; Company, a New York Stock Exchange-listed company and
Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corporation, a New York Stock Exchange-listed company and a Toronto Stock Exchange-listed company. Prior
to Loews, Mr.&nbsp;Walker served as Controller of Corporate Property Investors and a financial executive at Princess Hotels International.
Mr.&nbsp;Walker received his B.S. in Accounting from the University of Scranton. Mr.&nbsp;Walker started his career in the New York office
of then Price Waterhouse. Mr.&nbsp;Walker is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the New York State
Society of CPA&rsquo;s.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Deepak Chopra</I></B> F.C.P.A.,
B.Comm, Masters in Business Management (PGDBM) &ndash; Mr.&nbsp;Chopra is a Fellow of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada.
Mr.&nbsp;Chopra most recently served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Canada Post Corporation from February&nbsp;2011 to March&nbsp;2018.
Mr.&nbsp;Chopra has more than 30 years of global experience in the financial services, technology, transportation, logistics&nbsp;&amp;
supply-chain industries. Prior to that, for more than 20 years, he worked for Pitney Bowes Inc., a NYSE-traded technology company where
Mr.&nbsp;Chopra held the role of Chief Financial Officer of various Pitney Bowes entities over a period of nine (9)&nbsp;years. He also
served as President of Pitney Bowes Canada and Latin America from 2006 to 2010.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Eric A. Demirian </I></B>BBM.,
C.P.A., C.G.A, C.A.&ndash; Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is the Chair of the Corporation&rsquo;s Board of Directors and was previously the Chair
of the Corporation&rsquo;s audit committee. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is a Chartered Professional Accountant, Certified General Accountant and
a Chartered Accountant. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is a seasoned business executive with a unique blend of financial, operational and board governance
experience. Since 2003, Mr.&nbsp;Demirian has served as president of Parklea Capital,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;Parklea&rdquo;), a boutique financial
and strategy advisory firm providing services to small- and mid-market public and private companies, and President of Demicap Inc., a
private investment firm. Prior to Mr.&nbsp;Demirian&rsquo;s position at Parklea, he held the position of Executive Vice President of
Group Telecom,&nbsp;Inc. from 2000 to 2003. From 1983 to 2000, Mr.&nbsp;Demirian was with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (&ldquo;PwC&rdquo;)
where he was a partner and head of the Information and Communications Practice. Mr.&nbsp;Demirian serves on the boards of Enghouse Systems
Ltd. (TSX:ESL), and Imax Corporation (NYSE:IMAX). Mr.&nbsp;Demirian is a former director and chair of the audit committees of a number
of public companies, including Menu Foods Income Fund (2005-2010) and Keystone North America Inc. (2007-2010). Mr.&nbsp;Demirian holds
a Bachelor of Business Management degree from Toronto Metropolitan University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><B><I>Kelley Irwin</I></B> <FONT STYLE="background-color: Yellow"> </FONT>
B.A., C.Dir. - Ms.&nbsp;Irwin is a Corporate Director and holds a Chartered Director (C.Dir) designation. Ms.&nbsp;Irwin has 35 years
of international Information Technology (IT) experience in the financial services and regulatory industries. She held executive
roles at Sun Life Financial, TD Bank, Economical Insurance, and its subsidiary, Sonnet Insurance, and the Electrical Safety
Authority (ESA). From 2019-2023, she held the position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) at the ESA where she led a multi-year
digital transformation. Ms.&nbsp;Irwin is a cyber advocate and is active in public forums on cyber-security. Ms.&nbsp;Irwin
currently serves as a director on the boards of Lakefront Utility Services Inc. and Pro-Demnity Insurance Company. Ms.&nbsp;Irwin
holds a BA in Mathematics from the University of Western Ontario, a Computer Science Diploma from Fanshawe College, Cyber-Security
Certificate from the University of Washington, and has completed executive education at the Harvard Kennedy School.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee has adopted specific policies
and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services from our independent auditor. Those procedures are attached at Appendix &ldquo;B&rdquo;
to this AIF.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Compensation Committee</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee is appointed by the
Board of Directors to discharge the Board's duties and responsibilities relating to the compensation of the Company's Chief Executive
Officer and senior management, as well as to review the human resource policies and practices that cover the Company's employees. The
Compensation Committee is currently composed of five independent directors: Deborah Close (Chair), Sandra Hanington, Dennis Maple, Chris
Muntwyler and Jane O&rsquo;Hagan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Corporate Governance Committee</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Corporate Governance Committee is primarily
responsible for overseeing Descartes' corporate governance policies and activities. The Corporate Governance Committee reviews and maintains
the Board of Directors governing documents in compliance with the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The Corporate Governance Committee
is currently composed of five independent directors: Jane O&rsquo;Hagan (Chair), Eric Demirian, Sandra Hanington, Chris Muntwyler and
John Walker.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Nominating Committee</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The primary function of the Nominating Committee
is to assist the Board of Directors in identifying, recruiting and nominating suitable candidates to serve on the Board of Directors.
The Nominating Committee is currently composed of four independent directors: Dennis Maple (Chair), Deepak Chopra, Deborah Close and
Kelley Irwin.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-top: Black 0.5pt solid; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 8</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>EXTERNAL
                                            AUDITORS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the fiscal year ended January&nbsp;31, 2024,
our external auditors were KPMG LLP,&nbsp;Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. KPMG LLP has been our external auditors since
April&nbsp;16, 2015. KPMG LLP have confirmed that they are independent with respect to the Company with the meaning of the relevant rules&nbsp;and
related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulations and also
that they are independent accountants with respect to the Company under all relevant US professional and regulatory standards.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth the fees we have
incurred in using the services of KPMG LLP in respect of the applicable fiscal years noted (all amounts in the table are in US dollars
 &ndash; amounts that were billed in Canadian dollars are converted to US dollars at the applicable exchange rate on the last day of the
applicable fiscal period):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Fiscal Year Ended</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Audit Fees</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Audit-Related Fees</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Tax Fees</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">All Other Fees</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 33%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>January&nbsp;31, 2024</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">791,611</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,430</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;Nil</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">Nil</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">794,041</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>January&nbsp;31, 2023</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">767,832</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,430</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;Nil</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">Nil</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">770,262</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Audit Fees&rdquo; consist of fees and
related disbursements for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company&rsquo;s annual consolidated financial statements,
reviews of the Company&rsquo;s interim consolidated financial statements, services provided in connection with regulatory filings and
statutory audits of certain of the Company&rsquo;s foreign subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&ldquo;Audit-Related Fees&rdquo; consist of fees
for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company&rsquo;s financial
statements and are not reported as &ldquo;Audit Fees&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The above amounts are exclusive of any related
taxes but are inclusive of disbursements charged to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 9</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>LEGAL
                                            PROCEEDINGS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company and its subsidiaries are subject
to a variety of claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business and are typical in our industry.
The consequences of these matters are not presently determinable but, in the opinion of management, the ultimate liability is not expected
to have a material effect on our annual results of operations, financial position or capital resources. None of these proceedings involves
a claim for damages, exclusive of interest and costs, that exceeds 10% of our current assets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ITEM 10</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ADDITIONAL
                                            INFORMATION</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Additional information about us is available
at our website at http://www.descartes.com, on SEDAR+ at <U>http://www.sedarplus.com</U> and on EDGAR at http://www.sec.gov. Additional
information, including directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of our securities and securities
authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, where applicable, is contained in our Management Information Circular for our
annual meeting of shareholders held on June 15, 2023. Additional financial information is provided in the section entitled &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&rdquo; and the consolidated financial statements, the notes
thereto and the report of independent registered public accounting firm thereon contained in our Annual Report to the Shareholders for
the year ended January 31, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CHARTER FOR</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1. PURPOSE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">The primary functions of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting
                                            and financial reporting practices of The Descartes Systems Group Inc. (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;)
                                            and the audits of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and to exercise the responsibilities
                                            and duties set forth below, including, but not limited to, assisting the Board of Directors
                                            (the &ldquo;<B>Board</B>&rdquo;) in fulfilling its responsibilities in reviewing the following:
                                            financial disclosures and internal controls over financial reporting; monitoring the system
                                            of internal control and compliance with Applicable Requirements (as defined below); selecting
                                            the auditors for shareholder approval; and reviewing the qualifications, independence and
                                            performance of the auditors and the qualifications and performance of the Company&rsquo;s
                                            financial management.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">2. MEMBERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Composition</B> - The Audit Committee shall consist of not less
                                            than three members of the Board. At the invitation of the Audit Committee, members of the
                                            Company&rsquo;s management and others may attend Audit Committee meetings as the Audit Committee
                                            considers necessary or desirable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Appointment and Removal of Audit Committee Members</B> - Each
                                            member of the Audit Committee shall be appointed by the Board on an annual basis and shall
                                            serve at the pleasure of the Board, or until the earlier of (a)&nbsp;the close of the next
                                            meeting of the Company&rsquo;s shareholders at which the Company&rsquo;s directors are elected,
                                            (b)&nbsp;the death of the member, or (c)&nbsp;the resignation, disqualification or removal
                                            of the member from the Audit Committee or from the Board. The Board may fill a vacancy in
                                            the membership of the Audit Committee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">3.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Chair</B> - At the time of each appointment of the members of
                                            the Audit Committee, the Board shall appoint a Chair of the Audit Committee. The Chair shall:
                                            be a member of the Audit Committee, preside over all Audit Committee meetings that they attend,
                                            coordinate the Audit Committee&rsquo;s compliance with this mandate, work with management
                                            to develop the Audit Committee&rsquo;s annual work-plan and provide reports of the Audit
                                            Committee to the Board.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Independence</B> - Each member of the Audit Committee shall meet
                                            the requirements of applicable law and any applicable requirements promulgated by any exchange
                                            upon which securities of the Company are traded, or any governmental or regulatory body exercising
                                            authority over the Company, as are in effect from time to time (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Applicable
                                            Requirements</B>&rdquo;) related to independence and audit committee composition.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Financial Expertise</B> - At the time of their appointment to
                                            the Audit Committee, each member of the Audit Committee shall be able to read and understand
                                            fundamental financial statements, including a balance sheet, cash flow statement and income
                                            statement, be &ldquo;<B>financially literate</B>&rdquo; as defined under Applicable Requirements,
                                            and shall not have participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the Company
                                            or any current subsidiary of the Company at any time during the preceding three years. At
                                            least one member of the Audit Committee shall have past employment experience in financing
                                            or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience
                                            or background which results in the individual&rsquo;s financial sophistication, including
                                            being or having been a Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial
                                            Officer or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities. Further, at least
                                            one member of the Audit Committee shall qualify as an &ldquo;<B>audit committee financial
                                            expert</B>&rdquo; (as such term is defined under the Securities and Exchange Commission&rsquo;s
                                            rules).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">3. MEETINGS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Meetings</B> - The members of the Audit Committee shall hold meetings
                                            as are required to carry out this mandate, and in any case no less than four meetings annually.
                                            The external auditors are entitled to attend and be heard at each quarterly Audit Committee
                                            meeting scheduled to consider the Company&rsquo;s financial statements. The Chair, any member
                                            of the Audit Committee, the external auditors, the Chair of the Board, the Lead Director,
                                            the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer may call a meeting of the Audit
                                            Committee by notifying the Company&rsquo;s Corporate Secretary who will notify the members
                                            of the Audit Committee. The Chair shall preside over all Audit Committee meetings or, in
                                            the absence of the Chair, the members of the Audit Committee present may appoint a chair
                                            from their number for a meeting.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Secretary and Minutes</B> - The Corporate Secretary, their designate
                                            or any other person the Audit Committee requests, shall act as secretary at Audit Committee
                                            meetings. Minutes of Audit Committee meetings shall be recorded and maintained by the Corporate
                                            Secretary and subsequently presented to the Audit Committee for approval.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">3.</TD><TD><B>Quorum</B> - A majority of the members of the Audit Committee
                                            shall constitute a quorum.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Access to Management and Outside Advisors</B> - The Audit Committee
                                            shall have unrestricted access to the Company&rsquo;s management and employees and the books
                                            and records of the Company, and, from time to time may hold unscheduled or regularly scheduled
                                            meetings or portions of regularly scheduled meetings with the auditor, the Chief Financial
                                            Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, President or the Chief Executive Officer. The Audit
                                            Committee shall have the authority to conduct investigations into any matters within its
                                            scope of responsibilities, retain external legal counsel, consultants or other advisors to
                                            assist it in fulfilling its responsibilities and to set and pay the respective compensation
                                            for these advisors without consulting or obtaining the approval of the Board or any Company
                                            officer. The Company shall provide appropriate funding, as determined by the Audit Committee,
                                            for the services of these advisors.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Meetings Without Management</B> - As part of each meeting, the
                                            Audit Committee shall hold an <I>in camera</I> session, at which management and non-independent
                                            directors are not present, and the agenda for each Audit Committee meeting shall afford an
                                            opportunity for such a session.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">4. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Audit Committee shall have the functions and responsibilities
set out below as well as any other functions that are specifically delegated to the Audit Committee by the Board and that the Board is
authorized to delegate by applicable laws and regulations. In addition to these functions and responsibilities, the Audit Committee shall
perform the duties required of an audit committee by Applicable Requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD><B>Financial Reports</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">a.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">General - The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the Company&rsquo;s
                                            accounting and financial reporting practices and the audits of the Company&rsquo;s financial
                                            statements. Management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of
                                            the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and financial disclosures and for the appropriateness
                                            of the accounting principles and the reporting policies used by the Company. The auditors
                                            are responsible for auditing the Company&rsquo;s annual consolidated financial statements
                                            and for reviewing the Company&rsquo;s unaudited interim financial statements.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">b.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Review of Annual Financial Reports - The Audit Committee shall review
                                            the annual consolidated audited financial statements of the Company prepared by management,
                                            the auditors&rsquo; report thereon and the related management&rsquo;s discussion and analysis
                                            of the Company&rsquo;s financial condition and results of operation (&ldquo;<B>MD&amp;A</B>&rdquo;).
                                            After completing its review, if advisable, the Audit Committee shall approve and recommend
                                            for Board approval the annual financial statements and the related MD&amp;A.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Review of Interim Financial Reports - The Audit Committee shall review
                                            the interim consolidated financial statements of the Company prepared by management, the
                                            auditors&rsquo; review report thereon and the related MD&amp;A. After completing its review,
                                            if advisable, the Audit Committee shall approve and recommend for Board approval the interim
                                            financial statements and the related MD&amp;A.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Review Considerations - In conducting its review of the annual financial
                                            statements or the interim financial statements, the Audit Committee shall:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">i.</TD><TD>meet with management and the auditors to discuss the financial statements
                                            and MD&amp;A;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">ii.</TD><TD>review the disclosures in the financial statements;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">iii.</TD><TD>review the audit report or review report prepared by the auditors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">iv.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">review the qualitative judgments of the auditors about the appropriateness,
                                            not just the acceptability, of accounting principles and financial disclosure practices used
                                            or proposed to be adopted by the Company;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">v.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">discuss with management, the auditors and internal legal counsel,
                                            as requested, any litigation claim or other contingency that could have a material effect
                                            on the financial statements;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">vi.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">review the accounting policies followed and critical accounting
                                            and other significant estimates and judgments underlying the financial statements as presented
                                            by management;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">vii.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">review any material effects of regulatory accounting initiatives
                                            or off-balance sheet structures on the financial statements as presented by management;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">viii.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">review any material changes in accounting policies and any significant
                                            changes in accounting practices and their impact on the financial statements as presented
                                            by management;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">ix.</TD><TD>review the methods used to account for significant unusual transactions;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">x.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">review the effect of significant accounting policies in controversial
                                            or emerging areas for which there is a lack of authoritative guidance or consensus;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">xi.</TD><TD>review significant recorded and unrecorded audit adjustments;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">xii.</TD><TD>review any material accounting issues among management and the
                                            auditors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">xiii.</TD><TD>review management&rsquo;s report on the effectiveness of internal
                                            controls over financial reporting;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">xiv.</TD><TD>review the factors identified by management as factors that may
                                            affect future financial results;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">xv.</TD><TD>review results of the Company&rsquo;s audit committee hotline program;
                                            and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">xvi.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">review any other matters, related to the financial statements,
                                            that are brought forward by the auditors, management or which are required to be communicated
                                            to the Audit Committee under accounting policies, auditing standards or Applicable Requirements.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">e.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Approval of Other Financial Disclosures - The Audit Committee shall
                                            review and, if advisable, approve and recommend for Board approval financial disclosure in
                                            a prospectus or other securities offering document of the Company, press releases disclosing
                                            financial results of the Company and any other material financial disclosure, including financial
                                            guidance provided to rating agencies or otherwise publicly disseminated, and material non-GAAP
                                            financial measures, non-GAAP ratios, total of segments measures, capital management measures,
                                            and supplementary financial measures (each as defined in National Instrument 52-112 &ndash;
                                            <I>Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure</I>).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD><B>Independent Auditors</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">a.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">General - The Audit Committee shall be responsible for oversight
                                            of the work of the auditors, including the auditors&rsquo; work in preparing or issuing an
                                            audit report, performing other audit, review or attest services or any other related work.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">b.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Appointment and Compensation - The Audit Committee shall review and,
                                            if advisable, select and recommend for Board and shareholder approval the appointment of
                                            the auditors. The Audit Committee shall have ultimate authority to approve all audit engagement
                                            terms and fees, including the auditors&rsquo; audit plan.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Resolution of Disagreements - Review all reportable events, including
                                            any disagreements, unresolved issues and consultations (as those terms are defined by Applicable
                                            Requirements), with the Company&rsquo;s auditors, whether or not there is to be a change
                                            of auditors.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Change of Auditors - When the Audit Committee determines to recommend
                                            a change of auditors or the auditors are otherwise terminated or resign, the Audit Committee
                                            shall review all issues related to the change of auditors, including the information required
                                            to be disclosed by applicable legal requirements and the planned steps for an orderly transition.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">e.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Discussions with Auditors - At least annually, the Audit Committee
                                            shall discuss with the auditors such matters as are required by applicable auditing standards
                                            to be discussed by the auditors with the audit committee, including the matters required
                                            to be discussed by applicable auditing standards.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">f.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Audit Plan - At least annually, the Audit Committee shall review
                                            a summary of the auditors&rsquo; annual audit plan. The Audit Committee shall consider and
                                            review with the auditors any material changes to the scope of the plan.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">g.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Quarterly Review Report - The Audit Committee shall review a report
                                            prepared by the auditors in respect of each of the interim financial statements of the Company.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">h.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Independence of Auditors - At least annually, and before the auditors
                                            issue their report on the annual financial statements, the Audit Committee shall: obtain
                                            from the auditors a formal written statement describing all relationships between the auditors
                                            and the Company; discuss with the auditors any disclosed relationships or services that may
                                            impact the objectivity and independence of the auditors; and obtain written confirmation
                                            from the auditors that they are objective and independent within the meaning of the applicable
                                            Rules&nbsp;of Professional Conduct/Code of Ethics adopted by the provincial institute or
                                            order of chartered accountants to which it belongs and other Applicable Requirements. The
                                            Audit Committee shall take appropriate action to oversee the independence of the auditors.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">i.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Evaluation and Rotation of Lead Partner - At least annually, the
                                            Audit Committee shall review the qualifications and performance of the lead partner(s)&nbsp;of
                                            the auditors. The Audit Committee shall obtain a report from the auditors annually verifying
                                            that the lead partner of the auditors has served in that capacity for no more than five fiscal
                                            years of the Company and that the engagement team collectively possesses the experience and
                                            competence to perform an appropriate audit.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">j.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Evaluation of performance and audit quality - the Audit Committee
                                            shall review and evaluate the performance of the external auditor to assess the quality of
                                            the audit and the services performed by the external auditor.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">k.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Requirement for Pre-Approval of Non-Audit Services - The Audit Committee
                                            shall approve in advance any retainer of the auditors to perform any non-audit service to
                                            the Company that it deems advisable in accordance with Applicable Requirements, and Board
                                            approved policies and procedures. The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority
                                            to a member of the Audit Committee. The decisions of any member of the Audit Committee to
                                            whom this authority has been delegated must be presented to the full Audit Committee at its
                                            next scheduled Audit Committee meeting.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">l.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Review of Professional Services - The Audit Committee shall review
                                            reports from management at each quarterly Audit Committee meeting scheduled to consider the
                                            Company&rsquo;s financial statements concerning expenses incurred in the quarter for the
                                            services of any accounting firm (other than the appointed auditor) engaged to provide services
                                            to the Company, in each case to the extent that the amount of such expenses in respect of
                                            any such firm exceeds $100,000.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">m.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Approval of Hiring Policies - The Audit Committee shall review and
                                            approve the Company&rsquo;s hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners
                                            and employees of the present and former external auditors of the Company.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">3.</TD><TD><B>Internal Controls</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">a.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">General - The Audit Committee shall review reports from management
                                            on the nature, establishment, monitoring and effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s system
                                            of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures (as those
                                            terms are defined in Applicable Requirements).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">b.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Establishment, Review and Approval - The Audit Committee shall require
                                            management to establish and maintain appropriate systems of internal control over financial
                                            reporting and disclosure controls and procedures in accordance with Applicable Requirements
                                            and guidance and to review, evaluate and approve these controls and procedures. At least
                                            annually, the Audit Committee shall consider and review with management and the auditors:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">i.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">the effectiveness of, or weaknesses or deficiencies in the design
                                            or operation of the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting and disclosure
                                            controls and procedures, and the impact of any identified weaknesses in these controls and
                                            procedures on management&rsquo;s conclusions;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">ii.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">any significant changes in internal control over financial reporting
                                            that are disclosed, or considered for disclosure, including those in the Company&rsquo;s
                                            periodic regulatory filings;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">iii.</TD><TD>the auditors&rsquo; report on the Company&rsquo;s internal control
                                            over financial reporting;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">iv.</TD><TD>any material issues raised by any inquiry or investigation by the
                                            Company&rsquo;s regulators;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">v.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">the Company&rsquo;s fraud prevention and detection program, including
                                            deficiencies in internal controls that may impact the integrity of financial information,
                                            or may expose the Company to other significant internal or external fraud losses and the
                                            extent of those losses and any disciplinary action in respect of fraud taken against management
                                            or other employees who have a significant role in financial reporting; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">vi.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">any related significant issues and recommendations of the auditors
                                            together with management&rsquo;s responses thereto, including the timetable for implementation
                                            of recommendations to correct weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting and
                                            disclosure controls.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><B>4.</B></TD><TD><B>Risk Management</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">a.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">General - In addition to being responsible for overseeing risks related
                                            to the Company&rsquo;s accounting, financial statements, financial reporting process and
                                            internal controls related to financial reporting, the Audit Committee is also responsible
                                            for overseeing management&rsquo;s implementation and operation of the enterprise risk management
                                            program, as documented in the Risk Management Policy established by the Board of Directors.
                                            The risk oversight process is the means by which the Board of Directors determines that the
                                            Company has in place an effective process for identifying, assessing, managing and monitoring
                                            key risks in the business on a continuous basis as the business evolves.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">b.</TD><TD>Management Responsibilities - Management is responsible for:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">i.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">ensuring the development and implementation of the Risk Management process.
                                            Risk Management is the framework required to identify, assess and develop strategies to manage
                                            and monitor control risks;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">ii.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">the design and implementation of the actions, measures and/or processes
                                            to mitigate to an appropriate level all material risks in the business (the &ldquo;<B>Risk
                                            Controls</B>&rdquo;) including the design and implementation of appropriate crisis preparedness,
                                            business continuity and disaster recovery plans; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">iii.</TD><TD>monitoring overall compliance with and adherence to the Risk Management
                                            Policy as established by the Board of Directors.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c.</TD><TD>Audit Committee Responsibilities - The Audit Committee is responsible
                                            for:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">i.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">at least annually, reviewing the effectiveness of the Risk Management
                                            program that is in place. As part of its review, the Audit Committee will review reports
                                            prepared by management that assess the risks in the business, identifies the Risk Controls
                                            that are in place to mitigate and manage these risks to an appropriate level, and evaluate
                                            the residual risk in the business (the risk that remains after implementation of the Risk
                                            Controls);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">ii.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">periodically monitor risk and risk management capabilities within the
                                            Company including crisis preparedness, business continuity and disaster recovery plans; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">iii.</TD><TD>reporting to the Board of Directors on its oversight of the Company&rsquo;s
                                            Risk Management program, including an assessment of whether the program is being followed
                                            and is effective.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">Computerized Information Systems - The Audit Committee shall review
                                            reports from the Company&rsquo;s management containing its assessment of the adequacy of
                                            the Company&rsquo;s computerized information system controls and security and related risks,
                                            including cybersecurity risk.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Conflicts of Interest</B> - The Audit Committee shall review the
                                            Company&rsquo;s policies relating to the avoidance of conflicts of interest and review and
                                            approve all payments to be made pursuant to any related party transactions involving executive
                                            officers and members of the Board, as may be necessary or desirable under Applicable Requirements.
                                            The Audit Committee shall consider the results of any review of these policies and procedures
                                            by the Company&rsquo;s external auditors.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">6.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Internal Audit</B> - the Audit Committee may choose to establish
                                            and maintain an Internal Audit function from time to time. If so established, the internal
                                            audit function will report directly to the Chair of the Audit Committee and administratively
                                            to the Chief Financial Officer. In relation to the internal audit function, if so established
                                            and maintained, the Audit Committee shall:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">a.</TD><TD>Establish an internal audit charter and review and approve any necessary
                                            revisions to such charter on an annual basis;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">b.</TD><TD>review and evaluate the effectiveness of the internal audit function;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c.</TD><TD>review the operating budget for the internal audit function including
                                            staffing levels and resources; and</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d.</TD><TD>On a regular basis, meet with the head of the internal audit function
                                            without other members of management present.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">7.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Compliance with Legal and Regulatory Requirements</B> - The Audit
                                            Committee shall review reports from the Company&rsquo;s Corporate Secretary and other management
                                            members on: legal or compliance matters that may have a material impact on the Company; the
                                            effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s compliance policies; and any material communications
                                            received from regulators. The Audit Committee shall review management&rsquo;s evaluation
                                            of and representations relating to compliance with specific Applicable Requirements, and
                                            management&rsquo;s plans to remediate any deficiencies identified.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">8.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Audit Committee Hotline Procedures</B> - The Audit Committee shall
                                            establish procedures for (a)&nbsp;the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received
                                            by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and
                                            (b)&nbsp;the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding
                                            questionable accounting or auditing matters. Any such complaints or concerns that are received
                                            shall be reviewed by the Audit Committee and, if the Audit Committee determines that the
                                            matter requires further investigation, it will direct the Chair of the Audit Committee to
                                            engage outside advisors, as it deems necessary or appropriate, to investigate the matter
                                            and will work with management and the Company&rsquo;s general counsel to reach a satisfactory
                                            conclusion.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">9.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Audit Committee Disclosure</B> - The Audit Committee shall prepare,
                                            review and approve any audit committee disclosures required by Applicable Requirements in
                                            the Company&rsquo;s disclosure documents.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">10.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Requirement for Review and Approval of the CEO Business Expenses
                                            </B>- The Chair of the Audit Committee shall review and approve the reimbursable business
                                            expenses incurred by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company in connection with the performance
                                            of their duties. Such approval may be provided subsequent to reimbursement of such expenses.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">11.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Review of Audit Committee Charter </B>- On at least an annual
                                            basis, the Audit Committee shall, in conjunction with the Corporate Governance Committee,
                                            review and reassess the adequacy of this Audit Committee Charter.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">12.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><B>Delegation</B> - The Audit Committee may, to the extent permissible
                                            by Applicable Requirements, designate a sub-committee to review any matter within this mandate
                                            as the Audit Committee deems appropriate.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;A&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">6. REPORTING TO THE BOARD</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">The Chair shall report to the Board, as required by Applicable Requirements
                                            or as deemed necessary by the Audit Committee or as requested by the Board, on matters arising
                                            at Audit Committee meetings and, where applicable, shall present the Audit Committee&rsquo;s
                                            recommendation to the Board for its approval.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">7. GENERAL</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee shall, to the extent permissible by Applicable
                                            Requirements, have such additional authority as may be reasonably necessary or desirable,
                                            in the Audit Committee&rsquo;s discretion, to exercise its powers and fulfill the duties
                                            under this mandate.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">8. CURRENCY OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD>This charter was last approved by the Audit Committee and Board on
                                            March&nbsp;6, 2024.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Appendix &ldquo;B&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PRE-APPROVAL POLICY AND PROCEDURE FOR ENGAGEMENTS
OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The responsibilities of the Company&rsquo;s audit committee are set
out in the Company&rsquo;s Audit Committee Charter, which responsibilities include pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided
by the independent auditors in order to ensure the services do not impair the auditors' independence. Applicable securities commissions
and accounting standards boards have issued rules&nbsp;specifying the permissible services independent auditors may provide to audit
clients, as well as the pre-approval of fees. Accordingly, the Company&rsquo;s Audit Committee has adopted the following Pre-Approval
Policy and Procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the Audit Committee's approach, an annual program of work will
be approved each year for the following categories of services: Audit, Audit-Related, and Tax. Each engagement or category of service
will be presented in appropriate detail by business function and geographic area to provide the Audit Committee sufficient understanding
of the services provided. Additional engagements may be brought forward from time to time for pre-approval by the Audit Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee will consider whether any service to be obtained
from the independent auditors is consistent with applicable rules&nbsp;on auditor independence. Also, the Audit Committee will consider
the level of Audit and Audit-Related fees in relation to all other fees paid to the independent auditors, and will review such level
each year. In carrying out this responsibility, the Audit Committee may obtain input from Company management on the general level of
fees, and the process for determining and reporting fees from the numerous locations where the Company operates and the independent auditors
provide services.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term of any pre-approval applies to the Company&rsquo;s financial
year. Thus, Audit fees for the financial year may include work performed after the close of the calendar year. The pre-approval for Audit-Related
and Tax fees is on a calendar-year basis. Unused pre-approval amounts will not be carried forward to the next financial year. Pre-approvals
will apply to engagements within a category of service, and cannot be transferred between categories. If fees might otherwise exceed
pre-approved amounts for any category of permissible services, then time will be scheduled so that incremental amounts can be reviewed
and pre-approved prior to commitment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Audit Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Audit services include the annual financial statement audit engagement
(including required quarterly reviews), affiliate and subsidiary statutory audits, and other procedures required to be performed by the
independent auditors to render an opinion on the Company&rsquo;s consolidated financial statements. Audit services also include information
systems reviews, tests performed on the system of internal controls, and other procedures necessary to support the independent auditors'
attestation of management's report on internal controls for financial reporting consistent with applicable securities legislation, as
applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;B&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The independent auditors are responsible for cost-effectively providing
audit services and confirming that audit services are not undertaken prior to review and pre-approval by the Audit Committee. The independent
auditors and Company management will jointly manage a process for collecting and reporting Audit fees billed by the independent auditors
to Company each year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Audit-Related Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Audit-Related services include services that are reasonably related
to the review of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements. These services include benefit plan and joint venture audits, attestation
procedures related to cost certifications and government compliance, consultations on accounting issues, due diligence procedures and
subscription costs for access to accounting literature and related tools. Each year the Audit Committee will review the proposed services
to ensure the independence of the independent auditors is not impaired.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pre-approval will occur each year coincident with pre-approval of
Audit services. Company management will monitor the engagement of the independent auditors for Audit-Related services using designated
process owners. This process will help provide assurance that the aggregate dollar amount of services obtained does not exceed pre-approval
amounts at any time, and that new engagements not initially identified are pre-approved prior to commitment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Tax Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee concurs that the independent auditors may provide
certain Tax services without impairing independence. These services include preparing local tax filings and related tax services, tax
planning, preparing individual employee expatriate tax returns, and other services permitted by applicable securities regulations. The
Audit Committee will not permit engaging the independent auditors (1)&nbsp;in connection with a transaction, the sole purpose of which
may be impermissible tax avoidance, or (2)&nbsp;for any tax services that may be prohibited by applicable securities rules&nbsp;now or
in the future. Company management will monitor the engagement of the independent auditors or other firms for such Tax services to help
provide assurance that aggregate dollar amounts of services obtained from the independent auditors do not exceed pre-approval amounts
at any time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>All Other Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company does not envision obtaining other services from the independent
auditors, except for the Audit, Audit-Related, and Tax services described previously. If permissible other services are requested by
the Company, each engagement must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee. Such requests should be supported by endorsement of the Chief
Financial Officer prior to review with the Audit Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Appendix &ldquo;B&rdquo; to Annual Information
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Prohibited Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Current securities regulations specify that independent auditors may
not provide the following prohibited services: Bookkeeping, Financial Information Systems Design and Implementation, Appraisals or Valuation
(other than Tax), Fairness Opinions, Actuarial Services,&nbsp;Internal Audit Outsourcing, Management Functions, Human Resources such
as Executive Recruiting, Broker-Dealer Services, Legal Services, or Expert Services such as providing expert testimony or opinions where
the purpose of the engagement is to advocate the client's position in an adversarial proceeding. Company personnel may not under any
circumstances engage the independent auditors for prohibited services. Potential engagements not clearly permissible should be referred
to the Chief Financial Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Delegation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to one or
more of its members. The member or members to whom such authority is delegated shall report any pre-approval decisions to the Audit Committee
at its next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committee may not delegate to management the Audit Committee&rsquo;s responsibilities to pre-approve
services performed by the independent auditor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.4
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm242227d1_ex99-4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.4
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;99.4</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Board of Directors of<BR>
The Descartes Systems Group Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We consent to the use of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our report dated March&nbsp;6, 2024, on the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as at January&nbsp;31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders&rsquo; equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January&nbsp;31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the &ldquo;consolidated financial statements&rdquo;), and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our report dated March&nbsp;6, 2024 on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of January&nbsp;31, 2024</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">each of which is included in the Annual Report on Form&nbsp;40-F of
the Company for the fiscal year ended January&nbsp;31, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We also consent to the incorporation by reference of such reports in
the Registration Statement (No.&nbsp;333-239754) on Form&nbsp;F-10/A and the Registration Statement (No.&nbsp;333-255087) on Form&nbsp;S-8
of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ KPMG LLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April&nbsp;22, 2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.5
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm242227d1_ex99-5.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.5
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;99.5</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 or 15d-14
OF THE</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF
2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">I, Edward J. Ryan, certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I have reviewed this annual report on Form&nbsp;40-F of The Descartes Systems Group Inc.;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The issuer&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)&nbsp;and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e)&nbsp;and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&nbsp;13a-15(f)&nbsp;and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The issuer&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)&nbsp;and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: April&nbsp;22, 2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Edward J. Ryan</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Edward J. Ryan </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.6
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm242227d1_ex99-6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.6
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;99.6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 or 15d-14
OF THE</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF
2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">I, Allan Brett, certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I have reviewed this annual report on Form&nbsp;40-F of The Descartes Systems Group Inc.;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The issuer&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)&nbsp;and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e)&nbsp;and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules&nbsp;13a-15(f)&nbsp;and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The issuer&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s)&nbsp;and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 48px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: April&nbsp;22, 2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Allan Brett</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allan Brett</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.7
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm242227d1_ex99-7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.7
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 465pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 465pt"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;99.7</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>18 U.S.C. SECTION&nbsp;1350,</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF
2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In connection with the annual report of The Descartes Systems Group
Inc., a Canadian company and foreign private issuer (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), on Form&nbsp;40-F for the fiscal year ended January&nbsp;31,
2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Report</U>&rdquo;), we, Edward J. Ryan and
Allan Brett, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&nbsp;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, to our knowledge, that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 95%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This Report fully complies with the requirements of Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 95%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Edward J. Ryan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Edward J. Ryan</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Allan Brett</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allan Brett</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April&nbsp;22, 2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This certification is being submitted solely for the purpose of complying
with Section&nbsp;1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code. This certification is not to be deemed &ldquo;filed&rdquo;
for purposes of Section&nbsp;18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor will
the certification be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>dsgx-20240131_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>dsgx-20240131_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>dsgx-20240131_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139704241326016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jan. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Addresses [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">40-F<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement', window );">Document Registration Statement</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport', window );">Document Annual Report</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan. 31,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--01-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-29970<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">THE
DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001050140<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">Z4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">120
Randall Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Waterloo<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">ON<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">N2V 1C6<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">519<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">746-8110<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AnnualInformationForm', window );">Annual Information Form</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements', window );">Audited Annual Financial Statements</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">85,183,455<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag', window );">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag', window );">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorName', window );">Auditor Name</a></td>
<td class="text">KPMG LLP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorLocation', window );">Auditor Location</a></td>
<td class="text">Vaughan, ON, Canada<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorFirmId', window );">Auditor Firm ID</a></td>
<td class="text">85<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Addresses [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Shares, no par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">DSGX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dsgx_RightsToPurchaseCommonSharesNoParValueMember', window );">Rights to purchase Common Shares, no par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Addresses [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Rights
    to purchase Common Shares, no par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">DSGX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember', window );">Business Contact [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Addresses [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">Powers
Ferry Business Park<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">2030
Powers Ferry Road SE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Three</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite&#160;350<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Atlanta<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">GA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">30339-5066<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">247-0400<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName', window );">Contact Personnel Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Descartes
Systems (USA) LLC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AnnualInformationForm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag with value true on a form if it is an annual report containing an annual information form.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AnnualInformationForm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag with value true on a form if it is an annual report containing audited financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorFirmId">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorFirmId</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:nonemptySequenceNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorLocation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_ContactPersonnelName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of contact personnel</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_ContactPersonnelName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates whether any of the financial statement period in the filing include a restatement due to error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a registration statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 3 such as an Office Park</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dsgx_RightsToPurchaseCommonSharesNoParValueMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=dsgx_RightsToPurchaseCommonSharesNoParValueMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_BusinessContactMember</td>
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