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Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business AGCO Corporation and subsidiaries (“AGCO” or the “Company”) is a leading manufacturer and distributor of agricultural equipment and related replacement parts throughout the world. The Company sells a full range of agricultural equipment, including tractors, combines, hay tools, sprayers, forage equipment, tillage, implements and grain storage and protein production systems. The Company’s products are widely recognized in the agricultural equipment industry and are marketed under a number of well-known brand names including: Challenger®, Fendt®, GSI®, Massey Ferguson®, and Valtra®. The Company distributes most of its products through a combination of approximately 3,100 independent dealers and distributors. In addition, the Company provides retail financing in the United States, Canada, Europe, South America and Australia through its retail finance joint ventures with Coöperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A., or “Rabobank.” Basis of Presentation The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements represent the consolidation of all wholly-owned companies, majority-owned companies and joint ventures where the Company has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. The Company records investments in all other affiliate companies using the equity method of accounting when it has significant influence. Other investments, including those representing an ownership of less than 20%, are recorded at cost. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Basis of Consolidation of Joint Ventures and Other Variable Interest Entities GIMA is a joint venture between AGCO and Claas Tractor SAS to cooperate in the field of purchasing, design and manufacturing of components for agricultural tractors. Each party has a 50% ownership interest in the joint venture and has an investment of approximately €4.2 million in the joint venture. Both parties purchase all of the production output of the joint venture. The Company does not consolidate the GIMA joint venture into the Company’s results of operations or financial position, as the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in GIMA based on the shared powers of both joint venture partners to direct the activities that most significantly impact GIMA’s financial performance. Rabobank is a 51% owner in the Company’s retail finance joint ventures. The majority of the assets of the Company’s retail finance joint ventures represents finance receivables. The majority of the liabilities represents notes payable and accrued interest. Under the various joint venture agreements, Rabobank or its affiliates provide financing to the joint venture companies, primarily through lines of credit. The Company does not guarantee the debt obligations of the retail finance joint ventures. The Company’s retail finance joint ventures provide retail financing and wholesale financing to its dealers (Notes 3 and 12). The Company has determined that the retail finance joint ventures do not meet the consolidation requirements and should be accounted for under the voting interest model. In making this determination, the Company evaluated the sufficiency of the equity at risk for each retail finance joint venture, the ability of the joint venture investors to make decisions about the joint ventures’ activities that have a significant effect on the success of the entities and their economic performance, the obligations to absorb expected losses of the joint ventures, and the rights to receive expected residual returns. During 2011, the Company acquired 50% of AGCO-Amity JV, LLC (“AGCO-Amity JV”), thereby creating a joint venture between the Company and Amity Technology LLC. AGCO-Amity JV is located in North Dakota and manufactures air-seeding and tillage equipment. As the Company has a controlling voting interest to direct the activities that most significantly impact the joint venture, the Company has consolidated the joint venture’s operations in the Company’s results of operations and financial position commencing as of and from the date of the formation of the joint venture. During 2012, the Company acquired 61% of Santal Equipamentos S.A. Comércio e Indústria (“Santal”), a manufacturer and distributor of sugar cane planting, harvesting, handling and transportation equipment as well as replacement parts across Brazil. As the Company has a controlling voting interest to direct the activities that most significantly impact Santal, the Company has consolidated Santal’s operations in the Company’s results of operations and financial position commencing as of and from the date of acquisition. Revenue Recognition Sales of equipment and replacement parts are recorded by the Company when title and risks of ownership have been transferred to an independent dealer, distributor or other customer. In certain countries, sales of certain grain storage and protein production systems where the Company is responsible for construction or installation are recorded at the completion of the project. Payment terms vary by market and product, with fixed payment schedules on all sales. The terms of sale generally require that a purchase order or order confirmation accompany all shipments. Title generally passes to the dealer or distributor upon shipment, and the risk of loss upon damage, theft or destruction of the equipment is the responsibility of the dealer, distributor or third-party carrier. In certain foreign countries, the Company retains a form of title to goods delivered to dealers until the dealer makes payment so that the Company can recover the goods in the event of customer default on payment. This occurs as the laws of some foreign countries do not provide for a seller’s retention of a security interest in goods in the same manner as established in the United States Uniform Commercial Code. The only right the Company retains with respect to the title are those enabling recovery of the goods in the event of customer default on payment. The dealer or distributor may not return equipment or replacement parts while its contract with the Company is in force. Replacement parts may be returned only under promotional and annual return programs. Provisions for returns under these programs are made at the time of sale based on the terms of the program and historical returns experience. The Company may provide certain sales incentives to dealers and distributors. Provisions for sales incentives are made at the time of sale for existing incentive programs. These provisions are revised in the event of subsequent modification to the incentive program. See “Accounts and Notes Receivable” for further discussion. In the United States and Canada, all equipment sales to dealers are immediately due upon a retail sale of the equipment by the dealer with the exception of sales of grain storage and protein production systems. If not previously paid by the dealer in the United States and Canada, installment payments are required generally beginning after the interest-free period with the remaining outstanding equipment balance generally due within 12 months after shipment. Interest generally is charged on the outstanding balance six to 12 months after shipment. Sales terms of some highly seasonal products provide for payment and due dates based on a specified date during the year regardless of the shipment date. Equipment sold to dealers in the United States and Canada is paid in full on average within 12 months of shipment. Sales of replacement parts generally are payable within 30 days of shipment, with terms for some larger, seasonal stock orders generally requiring payment within six months of shipment. Sales of grain storage and protein production systems generally are payable within 30 days of shipment. In other international markets, equipment sales are generally payable in full within 30 to 180 days of shipment. Payment terms for some highly seasonal products have a specified due date during the year regardless of the shipment date. Sales of replacement parts generally are payable within 30 to 90 days of shipment, with terms for some larger, seasonal stock orders generally payable within six months of shipment. In certain markets, particularly in North America, there is a time lag, which varies based on the timing and level of retail demand, between the date the Company records a sale and when the dealer sells the equipment to a retail customer. Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States currency in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Assets and liabilities are translated to United States dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in stockholders’ equity within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses, which result from foreign currency transactions, are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The estimates made by management primarily relate to accounts and notes receivable, inventories, deferred income tax valuation allowances, goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, and certain accrued liabilities, principally relating to reserves for volume discounts and sales incentives, warranty obligations, product liability and workers’ compensation obligations, and pensions and postretirement benefits. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash at December 31, 2013 and 2012 of $465.2 million and $403.6 million, respectively, consisted primarily of cash on hand and bank deposits. The Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at December 31, 2013 and 2012 of $582.0 million and $377.7 million, respectively, consisted primarily of money market deposits, certificates of deposits and overnight investments. Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable arise from the sale of equipment and replacement parts to independent dealers, distributors or other customers. Payments due under the Company’s terms of sale generally range from one to 12 months and are not contingent upon the sale of the equipment by the dealer or distributor to a retail customer. Under normal circumstances, payment terms are not extended and equipment may not be returned. In certain regions, with respect to most equipment sales, including the United States and Canada, the Company is obligated to repurchase equipment and replacement parts upon cancellation of a dealer or distributor contract. These obligations are required by national, state or provincial laws and require the Company to repurchase a dealer or distributor’s unsold inventory, including inventories for which the receivable has already been paid. The Company offers various sales terms with respect to its products. For sales in most markets outside of the United States and Canada, the Company does not normally charge interest on outstanding receivables with its dealers and distributors. For sales to certain dealers or distributors in the United States and Canada, interest is charged at or above prime lending rates on outstanding receivable balances after interest-free periods. These interest-free periods vary by product and generally range from one to 12 months, with the exception of certain seasonal products, which bear interest after various periods up to 23 months depending on the time of year of the sale and the dealer or distributor’s sales volume during the preceding year. The Company’s North American geographical reportable segment comprised approximately 25.6% of the Company’s total net sales during 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2013, 20.8% and 4.3% of the Company’s net sales had maximum interest-free periods ranging from one to six months and seven to 12 months, respectively, related to its North American geographical reporting segment. Net sales with maximum interest-free periods ranging from 13 to 23 months were approximately 0.5% of the Company’s net sales during 2013. Actual interest-free periods are shorter than described above because the equipment receivable from dealers or distributors in the United States and Canada is due immediately upon sale of the equipment to a retail customer. Under normal circumstances, interest is not forgiven and interest-free periods are not extended. The Company has an agreement to permit transferring, on an ongoing basis, substantially all of its wholesale interest-bearing and non-interest bearing accounts receivable in North America to its U.S. and Canadian retail finance joint ventures. Upon transfer, the receivables maintain standard payment terms, including required regular principal payments on amounts outstanding, and interest charges at market rates. The Company also has accounts receivable sales agreements that permit the sale, on an ongoing basis, of a majority of its accounts receivables in Europe to its European retail finance joint ventures. Upon transfer, the receivables maintain standard payment terms. Qualified dealers may obtain additional financing through the Company’s U.S., Canadian and European retail finance joint ventures at the joint ventures’ discretion. The Company provides various volume bonus and sales incentive programs with respect to its products. These sales incentive programs include reductions in invoice prices, reductions in retail financing rates, dealer commissions and dealer incentive allowances. In most cases, incentive programs are established and communicated to the Company’s dealers on a quarterly basis. The incentives are paid either at the time of invoice (through a reduction of invoice price), at the time of the settlement of the receivable, at the time of retail financing, at the time of warranty registration, or at a subsequent time based on dealer purchases. The incentive programs are product-line specific and generally do not vary by dealer. The cost of sales incentives associated with dealer commissions and dealer incentive allowances is estimated based upon the terms of the programs and historical experience, is based on a percentage of the sales price, and is recorded at the later of (a) the date at which the related revenue is recognized, or (b) the date at which the sales incentive is offered. The related provisions and accruals are made on a product or product-line basis and are monitored for adequacy and revised at least quarterly in the event of subsequent modifications to the programs. Volume discounts are estimated and recognized based on historical experience, and related reserves are monitored and adjusted based on actual dealer purchases and the dealers’ progress towards achieving specified cumulative target levels. The Company records the cost of interest subsidy payments, which is a reduction in the retail financing rates, at the later of (a) the date at which the related revenue is recognized, or (b) the date at which the sales incentive is offered. Estimates of these incentives are based on the terms of the programs and historical experience. All incentive programs are recorded and presented as a reduction of revenue due to the fact that the Company does not receive an identifiable benefit in exchange for the consideration provided. Reserves for incentive programs that will be paid either through the reduction of future invoices or through credit memos are recorded as “accounts receivable allowances” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reserves for incentive programs that will be paid in cash, as is the case with most of the Company’s volume discount programs, as well as sales with incentives associated with accounts receivable sold to its U.S. and Canadian retail finance joint ventures, are recorded within “Accrued expenses” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounts and notes receivable are shown net of allowances for sales incentive discounts available to dealers and for doubtful accounts. Cash flows related to the collection of receivables are reported within “Cash flows from operating activities” within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accounts and notes receivable allowances at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows (in millions):
| 2013 |  | 2012
Sales incentive discounts | $ | 30.4 |  |  | $ | 21.5 |
Doubtful accounts | 34.9 |  |  | 38.1 |
| $ | 65.3 |  |  | $ | 59.6 |
The Company transfers certain accounts receivable under its accounts receivable sales agreements with its retail finance joint ventures (Note 3). The Company records such transfers as sales of accounts receivable when it is considered to have surrendered control of such receivables under the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-16, “Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets.” Cash payments are made to the Company’s U.S. and Canadian retail finance joint ventures for sales incentive discounts provided to dealers related to outstanding accounts receivables sold. The balances of such sales discount reserves that are recorded within “Accrued expenses” as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were approximately $206.2 million and $143.7 million, respectively. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method. Market is current replacement cost (by purchase or by reproduction, dependent on the type of inventory). In cases where market exceeds net realizable value (i.e., estimated selling price less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal), inventories are stated at net realizable value. Market is not considered to be less than net realizable value reduced by an allowance for an approximately normal profit margin. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had recorded $119.9 million and $99.2 million, respectively, as an adjustment for surplus and obsolete inventories. These adjustments are reflected within “Inventories, net” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Inventories, net at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows (in millions):
| 2013 |  | 2012
Finished goods | $ | 775.7 |  |  | $ | 598.5 |
Repair and replacement parts | 550.2 |  |  | 505.6 |
Work in process | 109.0 |  |  | 137.5 |
Raw materials | 581.2 |  |  | 461.5 |
Inventories, net | $ | 2,016.1 |  |  | $ | 1,703.1 |
Cash flows related to the sale of inventories are reported within “Cash flows from operating activities” within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment, and 3 to 10 years for furniture and fixtures. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Property, plant and equipment, net at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consisted of the following (in millions):
| 2013 |  | 2012
Land | $ | 109.3 |  |  | $ | 100.1 |
Buildings and improvements | 714.8 |  |  | 618.8 |
Machinery and equipment | 1,852.0 |  |  | 1,616.2 |
Furniture and fixtures | 288.7 |  |  | 244.5 |
Gross property, plant and equipment | 2,964.8 |  |  | 2,579.6 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,362.5 | ) |  | (1,173.5 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 1,602.3 |  |  | $ | 1,406.1 |
Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets ASC 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other,” establishes a method of testing goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company’s annual qualitative or quantitative assessments involve determining an estimate of the fair value of the Company’s reporting units in order to evaluate whether an impairment of the current carrying amount of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets exists. A qualitative assessment evaluates whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. The first step of a quantitative goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired, and, thus, the second step of the quantitative impairment test is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. Fair values are derived based on an evaluation of past and expected future performance of the Company’s reporting units. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, for example, a component. A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and the Company’s executive management team regularly reviews the operating results of that component. In addition, the Company combines and aggregates two or more components of an operating segment as a single reporting unit if the components have similar economic characteristics. The Company’s reportable segments are not its reporting units. The second step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test, used to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any, compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The loss recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination; that is, the Company allocates the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the price paid to acquire the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. The Company utilizes a combination of valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow approach and a market multiple approach, when making quantitative goodwill assessments. The Company reviews its long-lived assets, which include intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset to be held and used are not sufficient to recover the unamortized balance of the asset. An impairment loss would be recognized based on the difference between the carrying values and estimated fair value. The estimated fair value is determined based on either the discounted future cash flows or other appropriate fair value methods with the amount of any such deficiency charged to income in the current year. If the asset being tested for recoverability was acquired in a business combination, intangible assets resulting from the acquisition that are related to the asset are included in the assessment. Estimates of future cash flows are based on many factors, including current operating results, expected market trends and competitive influences. The Company also evaluates the amortization periods assigned to its intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company conducted a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis of its Chinese harvesting business and also reviewed its long-lived assets for impairment, including its trademark, distribution network and land use right identifiable intangible assets. The goodwill and long-lived asset impairment analyses indicated that a reduction in the carrying amount of the Chinese harvesting business’s goodwill and certain other identifiable intangible assets was required. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $22.4 million within “Impairment charge” in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2012. The Chinese harvesting business operates within the Asia/Pacific geographical reportable segment. The Company’s accumulated goodwill impairment is approximately $180.5 million, which is comprised of approximately $9.1 million recorded in 2012 related to the Chinese harvesting reporting unit and approximately $171.4 million recorded in 2006 related to the Company’s sprayer reporting unit. The sprayer reporting unit operates within the North American geographical reportable segment. The results of the Company’s goodwill and long-lived assets impairment analyses conducted as of October 1, 2013 and 2011 indicated that no reduction in the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill and long-lived assets was required. The results of the Company’s goodwill impairment analysis conducted as of October 1, 2012 indicated that no other reduction in the carrying amount of goodwill and long-lived assets was required. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are summarized as follows (in millions):
| North America |  | South America |  | Europe/Africa/ Middle East |  | Asia/Pacific |  | Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | 196.7 |  |  | $ | 432.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 632.7 |
Acquisition | 412.8 |  |  | 38.3 |  |  | 85.3 |  |  | 69.3 |  |  | 605.7 |
Adjustments related to income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9.1 | )
Foreign currency translation | — |  |  | (22.8 | ) |  | (12.3 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (34.8 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | 415.9 |  |  | 212.2 |  |  | 496.8 |  |  | 69.6 |  |  | 1,194.5 |
Acquisition | 0.8 |  |  | 29.0 |  |  | — |  |  | (3.7 | ) |  | 26.1 |
Impairment charge | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9.1 | ) |  | (9.1 | )
Adjustments related to income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7.8 | )
Foreign currency translation | — |  |  | (21.9 | ) |  | 9.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | (11.3 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | 416.7 |  |  | 219.3 |  |  | 498.3 |  |  | 58.1 |  |  | 1,192.4 |
Acquisition | 7.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.3 |
Adjustments related to income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8.0 | )
Foreign currency translation | — |  |  | (28.6 | ) |  | 16.3 |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (13.0 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | $ | 424.0 |  |  | $ | 190.7 |  |  | $ | 506.6 |  |  | $ | 57.4 |  |  | $ | 1,178.7 |
During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company reduced goodwill for financial reporting purposes by approximately $8.0 million, $7.8 million and $9.1 million, respectively, related to the realization of tax benefits associated with the excess tax basis deductible goodwill resulting from the Company’s acquisition of Valtra. The Company amortizes certain acquired identifiable intangible assets primarily on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which range from 5 to 50 years. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life as follows:
Intangible Asset |  | Weighted-Average Useful Life
Patents and technology |  | 13 | years
Customer relationships |  | 14 | years
Trademarks and trade names |  | 21 | years
Land use rights |  | 47 | years
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, acquired intangible asset amortization was $47.8 million, $49.3 million and $21.6 million, respectively. The Company estimates amortization of existing intangible assets will be $39.9 million for 2014, $39.9 million for 2015, $38.8 million for 2016, $38.4 million for 2017, and $38.3 million for 2018. The Company has previously determined that two of its trademarks have an indefinite useful life. The Massey Ferguson trademark has been in existence since 1952 and was formed from the merger of Massey-Harris (established in the 1890’s) and Ferguson (established in the 1930’s). The Massey Ferguson brand is currently sold in over 140 countries worldwide, making it one of the most widely sold tractor brands in the world. The Company has also identified the Valtra trademark as an indefinite-lived asset. The Valtra trademark has been in existence since the late 1990’s, but is a derivative of the Valmet trademark which has been in existence since 1951. The Valmet name transitioned to the Valtra name over a period of time in the marketplace. The Valtra brand is currently sold in approximately 50 countries around the world. Both the Massey Ferguson brand and the Valtra brand are primary product lines of the Company’s business, and the Company plans to use these trademarks for an indefinite period of time. The Company plans to continue to make investments in product development to enhance the value of these brands into the future. There are no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that the Company is aware of or that the Company believes would limit the useful lives of the trademarks. The Massey Ferguson and Valtra trademark registrations can be renewed at a nominal cost in the countries in which the Company operates. Changes in the carrying amount of acquired intangible assets during 2013 and 2012 are summarized as follows (in millions):
| Trademarks and trade names |  | Customer Relationships |  | Patents and Technology |  | Land Use Rights |  | Total
Gross carrying amounts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 118.1 |  |  | $ | 511.4 |  |  | $ | 85.7 |  |  | $ | 8.6 |  |  | $ | 723.8 |
Acquisition | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.6 |
Foreign currency translation | (0.7 | ) |  | (3.6 | ) |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (3.4 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | 118.9 |  |  | 507.8 |  |  | 87.6 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 723.0 |
Acquisition | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 6.0 |
Foreign currency translation | (0.3 | ) |  | (5.1 | ) |  | 1.5 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (3.7 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | $ | 118.6 |  |  | $ | 502.7 |  |  | $ | 89.1 |  |  | $ | 14.9 |  |  | $ | 725.3 |
| Trademarks and trade names |  | Customer Relationships |  | Patents and Technology |  | Land Use Rights |  | Total
Accumulated amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 13.1 |  |  | $ | 85.3 |  |  | $ | 50.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 148.7 |
Amortization expense | 6.7 |  |  | 39.4 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 49.3 |
Impairment charge | 5.6 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 13.3 |
Foreign currency translation | (0.5 | ) |  | (3.5 | ) |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | (3.2 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | 24.9 |  |  | 126.6 |  |  | 54.1 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 208.1 |
Amortization expense | 6.2 |  |  | 38.4 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 47.8 |
Foreign currency translation | (0.1 | ) |  | (4.3 | ) |  | 1.9 |  |  | — |  |  | (2.5 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | $ | 31.0 |  |  | $ | 160.7 |  |  | $ | 59.0 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 253.4 |
| Trademarks and trade names
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 91.4 |
Foreign currency translation | 0.8 |
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | 92.2 |
Foreign currency translation | 1.5 |
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | $ | 93.7 |
Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consisted of the following (in millions):
| 2013 |  | 2012
Reserve for volume discounts and sales incentives | $ | 499.8 |  |  | $ | 403.9 |
Warranty reserves | 255.9 |  |  | 223.9 |
Accrued employee compensation and benefits | 276.9 |  |  | 249.7 |
Accrued taxes | 167.3 |  |  | 169.3 |
Other | 189.3 |  |  | 179.7 |
| $ | 1,389.2 |  |  | $ | 1,226.5 |
Warranty Reserves The warranty reserve activity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following (in millions):
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Balance at beginning of the year | $ | 256.9 |  |  | $ | 240.5 |  |  | $ | 199.5 |
Acquisitions | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 7.2 |
Accruals for warranties issued during the year | 200.3 |  |  | 184.5 |  |  | 195.1 |
Settlements made (in cash or in kind) during the year | (165.7 | ) |  | (171.7 | ) |  | (152.6 | )
Foreign currency translation | 3.4 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | (8.7 | )
Balance at the end of the year | $ | 294.9 |  |  | $ | 256.9 |  |  | $ | 240.5 |
The Company’s agricultural equipment products are generally under warranty against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one to four years. The Company accrues for future warranty costs at the time of sale based on historical warranty experience. Approximately $39.0 million and $33.0 million of warranty reserves are included in “Other noncurrent liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Insurance Reserves Under the Company’s insurance programs, coverage is obtained for significant liability limits as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. It is the policy of the Company to self-insure a portion of certain expected losses related primarily to workers’ compensation and comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability. Provisions for losses expected under these programs are recorded based on the Company’s estimates of the aggregate liabilities for the claims incurred. Stock Incentive Plans Stock compensation expense was recorded as follows (in millions). Refer to Note 9 for additional information regarding the Company’s stock incentive plans during 2013, 2012 and 2011:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Cost of goods sold | $ | 2.3 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 32.6 |  |  | 34.6 |  |  | 23.0 |
Total stock compensation expense | $ | 34.9 |  |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | $ | 24.6 |
Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred and are included in engineering expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising Costs The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Cooperative advertising costs are normally expensed at the time the revenue is earned. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 totaled approximately $60.5 million, $60.2 million and $50.1 million, respectively. Shipping and Handling Expenses All shipping and handling fees charged to customers are included as a component of net sales. Shipping and handling costs are included as a part of cost of goods sold, with the exception of certain handling costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the amount of $29.3 million, $31.0 million and $29.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following (in millions):
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Interest expense | $ | 78.8 |  |  | $ | 77.7 |  |  | $ | 59.0 |
Interest income | (20.8 | ) |  | (20.1 | ) |  | (28.8 | )
| $ | 58.0 |  |  | $ | 57.6 |  |  | $ | 30.2 |
Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Refer to Note 5 for additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes. Net Income Per Common Share Basic income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted income per common share assumes the exercise of outstanding stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SSARs”), the vesting of restricted stock and performance share awards, and the appreciation of the excess conversion value of the contingently convertible senior subordinated notes using the treasury stock method when the effects of such assumptions are dilutive. The Company’s $201.2 million aggregate principal amount of 1 1/4% convertible senior subordinated notes provided for the settlement upon conversion in cash up to the principal amount of the converted notes with any excess conversion value settled in shares of the Company’s common stock. Dilution of weighted shares outstanding depends on the Company’s stock price for the excess conversion value using the treasury stock method (Note 6). A reconciliation of net income attributable to AGCO Corporation and its subsidiaries and weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted net income per share during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is as follows (in millions, except per share data):
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Basic net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to AGCO Corporation and subsidiaries | $ | 597.2 |  |  | $ | 522.1 |  |  | $ | 583.3 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 97.3 |  |  | 97.1 |  |  | 95.6 |
Basic net income per share attributable to AGCO Corporation and subsidiaries | $ | 6.14 |  |  | $ | 5.38 |  |  | $ | 6.10 |
Diluted net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to AGCO Corporation and subsidiaries | $ | 597.2 |  |  | $ | 522.1 |  |  | $ | 583.3 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 97.3 |  |  | 97.1 |  |  | 95.6 |
Dilutive stock options, SSARs, performance share awards and restricted stock awards | 0.8 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.6 |
Weighted average assumed conversion of contingently convertible senior subordinated notes | 1.3 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 1.9 |
Weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for purposes of computing diluted net income per share | 99.4 |  |  | 98.6 |  |  | 98.1 |
Diluted net income per share attributable to AGCO Corporation and subsidiaries | $ | 6.01 |  |  | $ | 5.30 |  |  | $ | 5.95 |
SSARs to purchase 0.8 million shares, 0.6 million shares and 0.3 million shares, respectively, were outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, but not included in the calculation of weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding because they had an antidilutive impact. Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company reports comprehensive income (loss), defined as the total of net income (loss) and all other non-owner changes in equity and the components thereof in its Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The components of other comprehensive loss and the related tax effects for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are as follows (in millions):
| AGCO Corporation and Subsidiaries |  | Noncontrolling Interests
| 2013 |  | 2013
| Before-tax Amount |  | Income Taxes |  | After-tax Amount |  | After-tax Amount
Defined benefit pension plans | $ | 75.8 |  |  | $ | (19.3 | ) |  | $ | 56.5 |  |  | $ | — |
Net loss on derivatives | (1.4 | ) |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (86.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (86.9 | ) |  | (0.3 | )
Total components of other comprehensive loss | $ | (12.5 | ) |  | $ | (18.8 | ) |  | $ | (31.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.3 | )
| AGCO Corporation and Subsidiaries |  | Noncontrolling Interests
| 2012 |  | 2012
| Before-tax Amount |  | Income Taxes |  | After-tax Amount |  | After-tax Amount
Defined benefit pension plans | $ | (32.5 | ) |  | $ | 9.8 |  |  | $ | (22.7 | ) |  | $ | — |
Net gain on derivatives | 6.5 |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (61.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (61.1 | ) |  | (1.6 | )
Total components of other comprehensive loss | $ | (87.1 | ) |  | $ | 8.3 |  |  | $ | (78.8 | ) |  | $ | (1.6 | )
| AGCO Corporation and Subsidiaries |  | Noncontrolling Interests
| 2011 |  | 2011
| Before-tax Amount |  | Income Taxes |  | After-tax Amount |  | After-tax Amount
Defined benefit pension plans | $ | (76.0 | ) |  | $ | 14.9 |  |  | $ | (61.1 | ) |  | $ | — |
Net loss on derivatives | (7.1 | ) |  | 1.7 |  |  | (5.4 | ) |  | — |
Unrealized gain on derivatives held by affiliates | 2.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (204.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (204.5 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Total components of other comprehensive loss | $ | (285.1 | ) |  | $ | 16.6 |  |  | $ | (268.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.1 | )
Financial Instruments The carrying amounts reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for “Cash and cash equivalents,” “Accounts and notes receivable” and “Accounts payable” approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts of long-term debt under the Company’s 4 1/2% senior term loan and credit facility (Note 6) approximate fair value based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms and average maturities. At December 31, 2013, the estimated fair values of the Company’s 5 7/8% senior notes and 1 1/4% convertible notes (Note 6), based on their listed market values, were $322.1 million and $290.5 million, respectively, compared to their carrying values of $300.0 million and $201.2 million, respectively. At December 31, 2012, the estimated fair values of the Company’s 5 7/8% senior notes and 1 1/4% convertible notes (Note 6), based on their listed market values, were $327.2 million and $250.6 million, respectively, compared to their carrying values of $300.0 million and $192.1 million, respectively. The Company uses foreign currency contracts to hedge the foreign currency exposure of certain receivables and payables. The contracts are for periods consistent with the exposure being hedged and generally have maturities of one year or less. These contracts are classified as non-designated derivative instruments. The Company also enters into foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges of expected sales. The Company’s foreign currency contracts mitigate risk due to exchange rate fluctuations because gains and losses on these contracts generally offset losses and gains on the exposure being hedged. The notional amounts of the foreign currency contracts do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a measure of the Company’s risk. The amounts exchanged are calculated on the basis of the notional amounts and other terms of the contracts. The credit and market risks under these contracts are not considered to be significant. The Company’s hedging policy prohibits it from entering into any foreign currency contracts for speculative trading purposes. Refer to Note 10 for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-11, “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists” (“ASU 2013-11”). ASU 2013-11 requires an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, to be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. To the extent a net operating loss carryfoward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position, or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit is presented in the financial statements as a liability and is not combined with deferred tax assets. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this standard on January 1, 2014. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2013-11 to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2013-02”). ASU 2013-02 does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. The standard requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component. The standard also requires an entity to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the footnotes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, the standard requires an entity to cross-reference other disclosures that provide additional detail on those amounts. The Company adopted ASU 2013-02 as of January 1, 2013 by presenting the required amounts in its footnote disclosures (Note 8). In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-02, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment” (“ASU 2012-02”). ASU 2012-02 permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If an entity concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of such an asset exceeds its carrying amount, it need not calculate the fair value of the asset in that year. This standard is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. Early adoption was permitted. The adoption of ASU 2012-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment” (“ASU 2011-08”). ASU 2011-08 permits an entity to make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the two-step goodwill impairment test. If an entity concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it need not perform the two-step impairment test. This standard is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption was permitted. The adoption of ASU 2011-08 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2011-05”). ASU 2011-05 increases the prominence of other comprehensive income in financial statements. ASU 2011-05 does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The standard initially required that reclassification adjustments from other comprehensive income be measured and presented by income statement line item on the face of the statement of operations. In December 2011, however, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in ASU 2011-05” (“ASU 2011-12”). ASU 2011-12 defers the requirement to present components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the statement of operations. The Company adopted ASU 2011-05 and 2011-12 by consecutively presenting the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.

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