Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company has significant manufacturing operations in the United States, France, Germany, Finland and Brazil, and it purchases a portion of its tractors, combines and components from third-party foreign suppliers, primarily in various European countries and in Japan. The Company also sells products in approximately 140 countries throughout the world. The Company’s most significant transactional foreign currency exposures are the Euro, Brazilian real and the Canadian dollar in relation to the United States dollar, and the British pound in relation to the Euro. The Company attempts to manage its transactional foreign exchange exposure by hedging foreign currency cash flow forecasts and commitments arising from the anticipated settlement of receivables and payables and from future purchases and sales. Where naturally offsetting currency positions do not occur, the Company hedges certain, but not all, of its exposures through the use of foreign currency contracts. The Company’s translation exposure resulting from translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries into United States dollars may be partially hedged from time to time. The Company’s most significant translation exposures are the Euro, the British pound and the Brazilian real in relation to the United States dollar. When practical, the translation impact is reduced by financing local operations with local borrowings.

The Company uses floating rate and fixed rate debt to finance its operations. The floating rate debt obligations expose the Company to variability in interest payments due to changes in the EURIBOR and LIBOR benchmark interest rates. The Company believes it is prudent to limit the variability of a portion of its interest payments, and to meet that objective, the Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s borrowings. The Company designates interest rate contracts used to convert the interest rate exposure on a portion of the Company’s debt portfolio from a floating rate to a fixed rate as cash flow hedges, while those contracts converting the Company’s interest rate exposure from a fixed rate to a floating rate are designated as fair value hedges.

To protect the value of the Company’s investment in foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company from time to time, may hedge a portion of the Company’s net investment in the foreign subsidiaries by using a cross currency swap. The component of the gains and losses on the Company’s net investment in the designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates are economically offset by movements in the fair value of the cross currency swap contracts.

The Company’s senior management establishes the Company’s foreign currency and interest rate risk management policies. These policies are reviewed periodically by the Finance Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The policies allow for the use of derivative instruments to hedge exposures to movements in foreign currency and interest rates. The Company’s policies prohibit the use of derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

All derivatives are recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as either (1) a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction, (2) a fair value hedge of a recognized liability, (3) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, or (4) a non-designated derivative instrument.

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Company formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flow of hedged items or the net investment hedges in foreign operations. When it is determined that a derivative is no longer highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued on a prospective basis.

The Company categorizes its derivative assets and liabilities into one of three levels based on the assumptions used in valuing the asset or liability. See Note 13 for a discussion of the fair value hierarchy as per the guidance in ASC 820. The Company’s valuation techniques are designed to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

Counterparty Risk

The Company regularly monitors the counterparty risk and credit ratings of all the counterparties to the derivative instruments. The Company believes that its exposures are appropriately diversified across counterparties and that these counterparties are creditworthy financial institutions. If the Company perceives any risk with a counterparty, then the Company would cease to do business with that counterparty. There have been no negative impacts to the Company from any non-performance of any counterparties.

Derivative Transactions Designated as Hedging Instruments

Cash Flow Hedges

Foreign Currency Contracts

The Company uses cash flow hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows of assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The changes in the fair values of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and are subsequently reclassified into “Cost of goods sold” during the period the sales and purchases are recognized. These amounts offset the effect of the changes in foreign currency rates on the related sale and purchase transactions.

During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company designated certain foreign currency contracts as cash flow hedges of expected future sales and purchases. The total notional value of derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges was $127.0 million and $96.8 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Interest Rate Swap Contract

The Company monitors the mix of short-term and long-term debt regularly. From time to time, the Company manages the risk to interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. During 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate swap instrument with a notional amount of €312.0 million and an expiration date of June 26, 2020. The swap was designated and accounted for as a cash flow hedge. Under the swap agreement, the Company paid a fixed interest rate of 0.33% plus the applicable margin, and the counterparty to the agreement paid a floating interest rate based on the three-month EURIBOR. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and were subsequently reclassified into “Interest expense, net” as a rate adjustment in the same period in which the related interest on the Company’s floating rate term loan facility affected earnings. As a result of the Company’s new credit facility agreement entered into in October 2018 and the repayment of the €312.0 million (or approximately $360.8 million) term loan under the Company’s former revolving credit facility, as well as the change in the mix of the Company’s short-term and long-term debt, the Company terminated the interest rate swap instrument and recorded a loss of approximately $3.9 million which was recorded in “Interest expense, net” for the year ended December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 7 for further information.

The following table summarizes the after-tax impact that changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on accumulated other comprehensive loss and net income during 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):



				Recognized in Net Income
	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Classification of Gain (Loss)	(Loss) Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income			Total Amount of the Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Containing Hedge Gains (Losses)
2018
Foreign currency contracts⁽¹⁾	$	0.4		Cost of goods sold	$	(2.2	)	$	7,355.3
Interest rate swap contract	(1.5		)	Interest expense, net	(5.0		)	53.8
Total	$	(1.1	)		$	(7.2	)
2017
Foreign currency contracts	$	2.7		Cost of goods sold	$	0.4		$	6,541.2
Interest rate swap contract	(0.7		)	Interest expense, net	(2.4		)	45.1
Total	$	2.0			$	(2.0	)
2016
Foreign currency contracts	$	(2.6	)	Cost of goods sold	$	1.0		$	5,895.0
Interest rate swap contract	(5.1		)	Interest expense, net	(2.0		)	52.1
Total	$	(7.7	)		$	(1.0	)

⁽¹⁾ The outstanding contracts as of December 31, 2018 range in maturity through December 2019.

The following table summarizes the activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the derivatives held by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):



	Before-Tax Amount			Income Tax			After-Tax Amount
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2015	$	(3.3	)	$	(1.3	)	$	(2.0	)
Net changes in fair value of derivatives	(7.8		)	(0.1		)	(7.7		)
Net losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	1.0			—			1.0
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2016	(10.1		)	(1.4		)	(8.7		)
Net changes in fair value of derivatives	1.9			(0.1		)	2.0
Net losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	2.2			0.2			2.0
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2017	(6.0		)	(1.3		)	(4.7		)
Net changes in fair value of derivatives	(1.0		)	0.1			(1.1		)
Net losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	8.6			1.4			7.2
Accumulated derivative net gains as of December 31, 2018	$	1.6		$	0.2		$	1.4

Fair Value Hedges

The Company uses interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges to minimize exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate debt that results from fluctuations in benchmark interest rates. During 2016, the Company terminated an interest rate swap transaction with a notional amount of $300.0 million and received cash proceeds of approximately $7.3 million. The resulting gain was deferred and was being amortized as a reduction to “Interest expense, net” over the remaining term of the Company’s 5⁷/8% senior notes through December 1, 2021. During 2018, the remaining unamortized gain was recognized primarily through accelerated amortization due to the repurchase of the 5⁷/8% senior notes as is more fully described in Note 7.

Net Investment Hedges

The Company uses non-derivative and derivative instruments, to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. For instruments that are designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, to offset changes in the value of the net investments being hedged. When the net investment in foreign operations is sold or substantially liquidates, the amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss are reclassified to earnings. To the extent foreign currency denominated debt is de-designated from a net investment hedge relationship, changes in the value of the foreign currency denominated debt are recorded in earnings through the maturity date.

During 2015, the Company designated its €312.0 million term loan facility with a maturity date of June 26, 2020 as a hedge of its net investment in foreign operations to offset foreign currency translation gains or losses on the net investment. In October 2018, the Company repaid the term loan facility and the foreign currency denominated debt was de-designated as a net investment hedge. Refer to Note 7 for further information.

In January 2018, the Company entered into a cross currency swap contract as a hedge of its net investment in foreign operations to offset foreign currency translation gains or losses on the net investment. The cross currency swap has an expiration date of January 19, 2021. At maturity of the cross currency swap contract, the Company will deliver the notional amount of approximately €245.7 million (or approximately $281.0 million as of December 31, 2018) and will receive $300.0 million from the counterparties. The Company will receive quarterly interest payments from the counterparties based on a fixed interest rate until maturity of the cross currency swap.

The following table summarizes the notional values of the instrument designated as a net investment hedge (in millions):



	Notional Amount as of
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Foreign currency denominated debt	$	—	$	374.2
Cross currency swap contract	300.0		—

The following table summarizes the after-tax impact of changes in the fair value of the instrument designated as a net investment hedge (in millions):



	(Loss) Gain Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Foreign currency denominated debt	$	(14.4	)	$	(45.0	)	$	12.7
Cross currency swap contract	17.7			—			—

Derivative Transactions Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company entered into foreign currency contracts to economically hedge receivables and payables on the Company and its subsidiaries’ balance sheets that are denominated in foreign currencies other than the functional currency. These contracts were classified as non-designated derivative instruments. Gains and losses on such contracts are substantially offset by losses and gains on the remeasurement of the underlying asset or liability being hedged and are immediately recognized into earnings. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had outstanding foreign currency contracts with a notional amount of approximately $1,335.8 million and $1,701.4 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the impact that changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments had on net income (in millions):



		For the Years Ended
	Classification of (Loss) Gain	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Foreign currency contracts	Other expense, net	$	(1.4	)	$	38.3	$	(5.7	)

The table below sets forth the fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2018 (in millions):



	Asset Derivatives as of December 31, 2018			Liability Derivatives as of December 31, 2018
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	$	1.9	Other current liabilities	$	0.4
Cross currency swap contract	Other noncurrent assets	17.7		Other noncurrent liabilities	—
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	5.1		Other current liabilities	6.2
Total derivative instruments		$	24.7		$	6.6

The table below sets forth the fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2017 (in millions):



	Asset Derivatives as of December 31, 2017			Liability Derivatives as of December 31, 2017
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	1.2
Interest rate contract	Other noncurrent assets	—		Other noncurrent liabilities	4.8
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	7.8		Other current liabilities	11.0
Total derivative instruments		$	7.8		$	17.0