Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements represent the consolidation of all wholly-owned companies, majority-owned companies and joint ventures in which the Company has been determined to be the primary beneficiary. The Company consolidates a variable interest entity (“VIE”) if the Company determines it is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that potentially could be significant to the VIE. The Company also consolidates all entities that are not considered VIEs if it is determined that the Company has a controlling voting interest to direct the activities that most significantly impact the joint venture or entity. The Company records investments in all other affiliate companies using the equity method of accounting when it has significant influence. Other investments, including those representing an ownership interest of less than 20%, are recorded at cost. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The estimates made by management primarily relate to accounts and notes receivable, inventories, deferred income tax valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, and certain accrued liabilities, principally relating to reserves for volume discounts and sales incentives, warranty obligations, product liability and workers’ compensation obligations, and pensions and postretirement benefits.

Foreign Currency Transaction

Foreign Currency Translation

The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States currency in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Assets and liabilities are translated to United States dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in stockholders’ equity within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses, which result from foreign currency transactions, are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash at December 31, 2018 and 2017 of $290.5 million and $317.0 million, respectively, consisted primarily of cash on hand and bank deposits. The Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at December 31, 2018 and 2017 of $35.6 million and $50.7 million, respectively, consisted primarily of money market deposits, certificates of deposits and overnight investments.

Accounts and Notes Receivable

Accounts and notes receivable arise from the sale of equipment and replacement parts to independent dealers, distributors or other customers. In the United States and Canada, amounts due from sales to dealers are immediately due upon a retail sale of the underlying equipment by the dealer with the exception of sales of grain storage and protein production systems as discussed further below. If not previously paid by the dealer in the United States and Canada, installment payments are required generally beginning after the interest-free period with the remaining outstanding equipment balance generally due within 12 months after shipment or delivery. These interest-free periods vary by product and generally range from one to 12 months. In limited circumstances, the Company provides sales terms, and in some cases, interest-free periods that are longer than 12 months for certain products. These are typically specified programs predominately in the United States and Canada, that allow for interest-free periods and due dates of up to 24 months for certain products depending on the year of the sale and the dealer or distributor’s ordering or sales volume during the preceding year. Interest generally is charged at or above prime lending rates on the outstanding receivable balances after shipment or delivery and after interest-free periods. Sales terms of some highly seasonal products provide for payment and due dates based on a specified date during the year regardless of the shipment date. Equipment sold to dealers in the United States and Canada is paid in full on average within 12 months of shipment. Sales of replacement parts generally are payable within 30 days of shipment, with terms for some larger, seasonal stock orders generally requiring payment within six months of shipment. Under normal circumstances, equipment may not be returned. In certain regions, with respect to most equipment sales, including the United States and Canada, the Company is obligated to repurchase equipment and replacement parts upon cancellation of a dealer or distributor contract. These obligations are required by national, state or provincial laws and require the Company to repurchase a dealer or distributor’s unsold inventory, including inventories for which the receivable already has been paid. Actual interest-free periods are shorter than described above because the equipment receivable from dealers or distributors in some countries, such as in the United States and Canada, is generally due immediately upon sale of the equipment to a retail customer as discussed above. Receivables can also be paid prior to terms specified in sales agreements. Under normal circumstances, interest is not forgiven and interest-free periods are not extended.

In other international markets, equipment sales generally are payable in full within 30 to 180 days of shipment or delivery. Payment terms for some highly seasonal products have a specified due date during the year regardless of the shipment or delivery date. For sales in most markets outside of the United States and Canada, the Company generally does not charge interest on outstanding receivables with its dealers and distributors. Sales of replacement parts generally are payable within 30 to 90 days of shipment, with terms for some larger, seasonal stock orders generally payable within six months of shipment.

In certain markets, there is a time lag, which varies based on the timing and level of retail demand, between the date the Company records a sale and when the dealer sells the equipment to a retail customer.

Sales of grain storage and protein production systems generally are payable within 30 days of shipment. In certain countries, sales of such systems in which the Company is responsible for construction or installation may be contingent upon customer acceptance, payment terms vary by market and product, with fixed payment schedules on all sales.

The following summarizes by geographic region, as a percentage of our consolidated net sales, amounts with maximum interest-free periods as presented below (in millions):



Year Ended December 31, 2018	North America		South America		Europe/Middle East		Asia/Pacific/Africa		Consolidated
0 to 6 months	$	1,639.6	$	959.0	$	5,368.0	$	827.8	$	8,794.4	94.0	%
7 to 12 months	523.1		—		17.1		—		540.2		5.8	%
13 to 24 months	17.4		—		—		—		17.4		0.2	%
	$	2,180.1	$	959.0	$	5,385.1	$	827.8	$	9,352.0	100.0	%

The Company has an agreement to permit transferring, on an ongoing basis, a majority of its wholesale interest-bearing and non-interest bearing accounts receivable in North America, Europe and Brazil to its U.S., Canadian, European and Brazilian finance joint ventures. Qualified dealers may obtain additional financing through the Company’s U.S., Canadian, European and Brazilian finance joint ventures at the joint ventures’ discretion.

The Company provides various volume bonus and sales incentive programs with respect to its products. These sales incentive programs include reductions in invoice prices, reductions in retail financing rates, dealer commissions and dealer incentive allowances. In most cases, incentive programs are established and communicated to the Company’s dealers on a quarterly basis. The incentives are paid either at the time of the cash settlement of the receivable (which is generally at the time of retail sale), at the time of retail financing, at the time of warranty registration, or at a subsequent time based on dealer purchase volumes. The incentive programs are product-line specific and generally do not vary by dealer. The cost of sales incentives associated with dealer commissions and dealer incentive allowances is estimated based upon the terms of the programs and historical experience, is based on a percentage of the sales price, and estimates for sales incentives are made and recorded at the time of sale for existing incentive programs using the expected value method. These estimates are reassessed each reporting period and are revised in the event of subsequent modifications to incentive programs, as they are communicated to dealers. The related provisions and accruals are made on a product or product-line basis and are monitored for adequacy and revised at least quarterly in the event of subsequent modifications to the programs. Interest rate subsidy payments, which are a reduction in retail finance rates, are recorded in the same manner as dealer commissions and dealer incentive allowances. Volume discounts are estimated and recognized based on historical experience, and related reserves are monitored and adjusted based on actual dealer purchase volumes and the dealer’s progress towards achieving specified cumulative target levels. All incentive programs are recorded and presented as a reduction of revenue, due to the fact that the Company does not receive a distinct good or service in exchange for the consideration provided. In the United States and Canada, reserves for incentive programs related to accounts receivable not sold to Company’s U.S. and Canadian finance joint ventures are recorded as “accounts receivable allowances” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets due to the fact that the incentives are paid through a reduction of future cash settlement of the receivable. Globally, reserves for incentive programs that will be paid in cash or credit memos, as is the case with most of the Company’s volume discount programs, as well as sales with incentives associated with accounts receivable sold to its finance joint ventures, are recorded within “Accrued expenses” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Accounts and notes receivable are shown net of allowances for sales incentive discounts available to dealers and for doubtful accounts. Cash flows related to the collection of receivables are reported within “Cash flows from operating activities” within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accounts and notes receivable allowances at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions):



	2018		2017
Sales incentive discounts	$	24.2	$	33.1
Doubtful accounts	31.7		38.7
	$	55.9	$	71.8

In the United States and Canada, sales incentives can be paid through future cash settlements of receivables and through credit memos to Company’s dealers or through reductions in retail financing rates paid to the Company’s finance joint ventures. Outside of the United States and Canada, sales incentives can be paid through cash or credit memos to the Company’s dealers or through reductions in retail financing rates paid to the Company’s finance joint ventures. The Company transfers certain accounts receivable under its accounts receivable sales agreements with its finance joint ventures (Note 4). The Company records such transfers as sales of accounts receivable when it is considered to have surrendered control of such receivables under the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-16, “Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets.” Cash payments made to the Company’s finance joint ventures for sales incentive discounts provided to dealers related to outstanding accounts receivables sold are recorded within “Accrued expenses”.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method. Market is current replacement cost (by purchase or by reproduction, dependent on the type of inventory). In cases where market exceeds net realizable value (i.e., estimated selling price less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal), inventories are stated at net realizable value. Market is not considered to be less than net realizable value reduced by an allowance for an approximately normal profit margin. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had recorded $156.6 million and $165.7 million, respectively, as an adjustment for surplus and obsolete inventories. These adjustments are reflected within “Inventories, net” within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of ten to 40 years for buildings and improvements, three to 15 years for machinery and equipment and three to ten years for furniture and fixtures. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets

The Company tests goodwill for impairment, at the reporting unit level, annually and when events or circumstances indicate that fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, for example, a component. The Company combines and aggregates two or more components of an operating segment as a single reporting unit if the components have similar economic characteristics. The Company’s reportable segments are not its reporting units.

Goodwill is evaluated annually as of October 1 for impairment using a qualitative assessment or a quantitative two-step assessment. If the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and determines the fair value of its reporting units more likely than not exceed their carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where the Company performs a two-step quantitative assessment, the first step requires the Company to compare the fair value of each reporting unit, which is determined based on a combination of a discounted cash flow valuation approach and a market multiple valuation approach, to its respective carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is higher than the fair value of the reporting unit, the second step of the quantitative process is required to measure the amount of impairment, if any. The second step of the quantitative assessment results in a calculation of the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, which is determined as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss.

Amortization of certain Intangible Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, which include intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The evaluation for recoverability is performed at a level where independent cash flows may be attributed to either an asset or asset group. If the Company determines that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable based on the expected undiscounted future cash flows of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the excess of the carrying amounts over the estimated fair value of the long-lived assets. Estimates of future cash flows are based on many factors, including current operating results, expected market trends and competitive influences. The Company also evaluates the amortization periods assigned to its intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell.

The results of the Company’s goodwill and long-lived assets impairment analyses conducted as of October 1, 2018, 2017 and 2016 indicated that no reduction in the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill and long-lived assets was required.

The Company’s accumulated goodwill impairment is approximately $180.5 million related to impairment charges the Company recorded during 2012 and 2006 pertaining to its Chinese harvesting reporting unit and former sprayer reporting unit, respectively. The Chinese harvesting business operates within the Asia/Pacific/Africa geographical reportable segment and the former sprayer reporting unit operates within the North American geographical reportable segment.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows (in millions):



	North America		South America			Europe/Middle East			Asia/Pacific/Africa			Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	518.7	$	114.4		$	411.2		$	70.2		$	1,114.5
Acquisitions	25.2		—			196.4			47.6			269.2
Foreign currency translation	—		24.4			(25.7		)	(6.0		)	(7.3		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	543.9		138.8			581.9			111.8			1,376.4
Acquisitions	67.2		—			17.4			—			84.6
Foreign currency translation	—		(2.4		)	71.7			11.1			80.4
Balance as of December 31, 2017	611.1		136.4			671.0			122.9			1,541.4
Adjustments	—		—			8.4			—			8.4
Foreign currency translation	—		(19.7		)	(29.8		)	(4.8		)	(54.3		)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	611.1	$	116.7		$	649.6		$	118.1		$	1,495.5

The Company amortizes certain acquired identifiable intangible assets primarily on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which range from three to 50 years.

Warranty Reserves

The Company’s agricultural equipment products generally are under warranty against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one to four years. The Company accrues for future warranty costs at the time of sale based on historical warranty experience. Approximately $52.3 million and $42.4 million of warranty reserves are included in “Other noncurrent liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Insurance Reserves

Under the Company’s insurance programs, coverage is obtained for significant liability limits as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. It is the policy of the Company to self-insure a portion of certain expected losses primarily related to workers’ compensation and comprehensive general liability, product and vehicle liability. Provisions for losses expected under these programs are recorded based on the Company’s estimates of the aggregate liabilities for the claims incurred.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred and are included in engineering expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Cooperative advertising costs normally are expensed at the time the revenue is earned.

Shipping and Handling Expenses

All shipping and handling fees charged to customers are included as a component of net sales. Shipping and handling costs are included as a part of cost of goods sold, with the exception of certain handling costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the amount of $37.9 million, $35.4 million and $30.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Refer to Note 6 for additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes.

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per common share assumes the exercise of outstanding stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SSARs”) and the vesting of performance share awards and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method when the effects of such assumptions are dilutive.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company reports comprehensive income (loss), defined as the total of net income (loss) and all other non-owner changes in equity, and the components thereof in its Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Derivatives

The Company uses foreign currency contracts to hedge the foreign currency exposure of certain receivables and payables. The contracts are for periods consistent with the exposure being hedged and generally have maturities of one year or less. These contracts are classified as non-designated derivative instruments. The Company also enters into foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges of expected sales. The Company’s foreign currency contracts mitigate risk due to exchange rate fluctuations because gains and losses on these contracts generally offset losses and gains on the exposure being hedged. The notional amounts of the foreign currency contracts do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a measure of the Company’s risk. The amounts exchanged are calculated on the basis of the notional amounts and other terms of the contracts. The credit and market risks under these contracts are not considered to be significant.

The Company’s interest expense is, in part, sensitive to the general level of interest rates, and the Company manages its exposure to interest rate risk through the mix of floating rate and fixed rate debt. From time to time, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements in order to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate fluctuations.

The Company uses non-derivative and, periodically, derivative instruments to hedge a portion of the Company’s net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates.

The Company’s hedging policy prohibits it from entering into any foreign currency contracts for speculative trading purposes. Refer to Note 11 for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” (“ASU 2018-14”). The standard revises the annual disclosure requirements by removing disclosures no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifying specific requirements of disclosures and adding certain disclosures identified as relevant. ASU 2018-14 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The standard should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the standard for the year ended December 31, 2018. The standard did not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). The standard revises the disclosure requirements by removing disclosures no longer considered cost beneficial, modifying specific requirements of disclosures and adding certain disclosures identified as relevant. ASU 2018-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Certain amendments of the standard should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments of the standard should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The standard will not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2018-02”), which allows for the election to reclassify the disproportionate income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) on items within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings. These disproportionate income tax effect items are referred to as “stranded tax effects.” The amendments within ASU 2018-02 only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. Certain disclosures are required in the period of adoption as to whether an entity has elected to reclassify the stranded tax effects. ASU 2018-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The standard should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. corporate income tax rate in the 2017 Tax Act is recognized. Early adoption is permitted for any interim or annual period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, but does not expect the impact to be material.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” (“ASU 2017-12”), which aligns an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedge relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The amendments include 1) the ability to apply hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships involving nonfinancial risk and interest rate risk, 2) new alternatives for measuring the hedged item for fair value hedges of interest rate risk, 3) elimination of the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, 4) requirement to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported and 5) less stringent requirements for effectiveness testing, hedge documentation and applying the critical terms match method. ASU 2017-12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods using a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted for any interim or annual period. The amendments should be applied to existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2018. The standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” (“ASU 2017-07”), which requires the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost be included in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees. The other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost are required to be classified outside the subtotal of income from operations. Of the components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost, only the service cost component will be eligible for asset capitalization. ASU 2017-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods, using a retrospective approach for the presentation of the service cost component and other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost in the statement of operations; and a prospective approach for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost in assets. Early adoption is permitted for any interim or annual period. ASU 2017-07 allows a practical expedient for applying the retrospective presentation requirements.The Company adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018 and restrospectively applied the standard to the presentation of the other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. As part of the adoption, the Company elected to use the practical expedient, which allowed the Company to use the information previously disclosed as the basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements of the standard. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company reclassified approximately $1.1 million of expense and $1.4 million of income related to the other components of net periodic pension and postretirement costs from “Selling, general and administrative expenses” and “Engineering expenses” to “Other expenses, net” as a result of the retrospective application of ASU 2017-07.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”), which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the standard, an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, resulting in an impairment charge that is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The impairment charge, however, should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to a reporting unit. The impairment assessment under ASU 2017-04 applies to all reporting units, including those with a zero or negative carrying amount. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods using a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted for any interim or annual goodwill impairment test performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company expects to adopt ASU 2017-04 effective January 1, 2020 and will apply the standard to all impairment tests performed thereafter.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Restricted Cash” (“ASU 2016-18”). which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim period within those annual periods using a retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 on January 1, 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on its cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” (“ASU 2016-16”), which requires recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the standard eliminates the exception to the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer other than for inventory until the asset has been sold to an outside party. ASU 2016-16 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. The Company adopted ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on its results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires measurement and recognition of expected versus incurred credit losses for financial assets held. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods as the adoption of the standard relates to the Company. However, the standard does not have to be adopted by the Company’s finance joint ventures until annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those annual periods. This standard will likely impact the results of operations and financial condition of the Company’s finance joint ventures and as a result, will likely impact the Company’s “Investment in affiliates” and “Equity in net earnings of affiliates” upon adoption. The Company’s finance joint ventures are currently evaluating the standard’s impact to their results of operations and financial condition.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”), which superseded the existing lease guidance under current U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is based on the principle that entities should recognize assets and liabilities arising from leases. The new standard does not significantly change the lessees’ recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows from the previous accounting standard and leases continue to be classified as finance or operating. ASU 2016-02’s primary change is the requirement for entities to recognize a lease liability for payments and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing the right to use the leased asset during the term of an operating lease arrangement. Lessees were permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize the asset and liability for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Lessors’ accounting under the new standard was largely unchanged from the previous accounting standard. In addition, ASU 2016-02 expanded the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The new standard was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Upon adoption, lessees and lessors were required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Targeted Improvements”, which allowed for a new, optional transition method that provided the option to use the effective date as the date of initial application on transition. Under this option, the comparative periods would continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, including the disclosure requirements, and a cumulative effect adjustment would be recognized in the period of adoption rather than the earliest period presented. Under this transition option, comparative reporting would not be required and the provisions of the standard would be applied prospectively to leases in effect at the date of adoption. The Company has completed the design of new processes and internal controls, which included the implementation of a software solution and the evaluation of the Company’s population of leased assets to assess the effect of the new guidance on the Company’s financial statements. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative effect adjustment to “Retained earnings” as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The new standard provided a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients” which permitted the Company not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The new standard has a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, as well as providing new disclosures about the Company’s leasing activities. The Company does not expect material changes in its leasing activities subsequent to adoption. Based on the Company’s current lease portfolio, the adoption of the standard as of January 1, 2019 is expected to result in ROU assets and liabilities ranging from $195.0 million to $215.0 million. The Company has elected the short-term lease exemption for all leases with a term of 12 months or less for both existing and ongoing leases. The Company elected the practical expedient to separate lease and non-lease components for a majority of its leases, other than real estate and office equipment leases.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers with a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures also are required to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including significant judgments and changes in those judgments. Entities have the option to apply the new standard under a full retrospective approach to each prior reporting period presented, or a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initial adoption and application within the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 with an application date of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Under this method, the Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2014-09 as an adjustment to the opening balance of stockholders’ equity as of January 1, 2018 within “Retained earnings.” The cumulative effect was approximately $0.4 million, which was related to the recognition of contract assets and contract liabilities for the value of the expected replacement parts returns. The comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASU 2009-13, “Revenue Recognition.” The details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are discussed below. The Company has enhanced its accounting policies and practices, business processes, systems and controls, as well as designed and implemented specific internal controls over the implementation and adherence to the standard, including new disclosure requirements.

The Company has various promotional and annual return programs with respect to the sale of replacement parts whereby the Company’s dealers, distributors and other customers can return specified replacement parts pursuant to such programs. The Company previously recognized revenue for the sale of replacement parts and recorded a corresponding provision for the amount of expected returns at the time of sale. Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2014-09, the Company recognized a contract asset for the right to recover returned replacement parts at cost, reflected within “Other current assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Conversely, the provision for expected returns is recorded at the sales value of expected returns, reflected as a contract liability within “Accrued expenses.” The Company’s estimates of returns are based on the terms of the promotional and annual return programs and anticipated returns in the future.

The following table summarizes the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on the Company’ s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 (in millions):



	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09		Increase (Decrease) Due to Adoption
Assets
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	880.3	$	880.1	$	0.2
Other current assets	422.3		410.9		11.4
Total current assets	3,537.4		3,525.8		11.6
Other assets	142.4		141.6		0.8
Total assets	7,626.4		7,614.0		12.4

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Accrued expenses	$	1,522.4	$	1,508.3	$	14.1
Total current liabilities	2,766.7		2,752.6		14.1
Other noncurrent liabilities	251.4		249.1		2.3
Total liabilities	4,632.9		4,616.5		16.4
Retained earnings	4,477.3		4,481.3		(4.0		)
Total stockholder’s equity	2,993.5		2,997.5		(4.0		)
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity	7,626.4		7,614.0		12.4

The impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 was not material.