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Note 18 - Redeemable Non-controlling Interests | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements |
Noncontrolling Interest Disclosure [Text Block] | 18. Redeemable non-controlling interests The minority equity positions in the Company’s subsidiaries are referred to as redeemable non-controlling interests (“RNCI”). The RNCI are considered to be redeemable securities. Accordingly, the RNCI is recorded at the greater of (i) the redemption amount or (ii) the amount initially recorded as RNCI at the date of inception of the minority equity position. This amount is recorded in the “mezzanine” section of the balance sheet, outside of shareholders’ equity. Changes in the RNCI amount are recognized immediately as they occur. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending RNCI amounts:
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Balance, January 1 |  | $ | 1,079,306 |  |  | $ | 536,903 |
RNCI share of earnings |  |  | 53,621 |  |  |  | 51,084 |
RNCI redemption increment |  |  | 22,588 |  |  |  | 94,372 |
Distributions paid to RNCI |  |  | (74,268 | ) |  |  | (60,623 | )
Purchase of interests from RNCI |  |  | (36,922 | ) |  |  | (43,061 | )
Sale of interests to RNCI |  |  | 3,550 |  |  |  | 1,994 |
Disposal of operations (note 5) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,361 | )
RNCI recognized on business acquisitions |  |  | 24,191 |  |  |  | 501,243 |
Other |  |  | - |  |  |  | (245 | )
Balance, December 31 |  | $ | 1,072,066 |  |  | $ | 1,079,306 |
The Company has shareholders’ agreements in place at each of its non-wholly owned subsidiaries. These agreements allow the Company to “call” the RNCI at a price determined with the use of a formula price, which is usually equal to a fixed multiple of average annual net earnings before income taxes, interest, depreciation, and amortization. The agreements also have redemption features which allow the owners of the RNCI to “put” their equity to the Company at the same price subject to certain limitations. The formula price is referred to as the redemption amount and may be paid in cash or in Subordinate Voting Shares. The redemption amount as of December 31, 2023, was $943,235 ( December 31, 2022 - $1,027,124). The redemption amount is lower than that recorded on the balance sheet as the formula price of certain RNCI are lower than the amount initially recorded at the inception of the minority equity position. If all put or call options were settled with Subordinate Voting Shares as at December 31, 2023, approximately 8,200,000 such shares would be issued. Increases or decreases to the formula price of the underlying shares are recognized in the statement of earnings as the NCI redemption increment.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries, which could include the name of the subsidiary, the ownership percentage held by the parent, the ownership percentage held by the noncontrolling owners, the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the location of this amount on the balance sheet (when not reported separately), an explanation of the increase or decrease in the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the noncontrolling interest share of the net Income or Loss of the subsidiary, the location of this amount on the income statement (when not reported separately), the nature of the noncontrolling interest such as background information and terms, the amount of the noncontrolling interest represented by preferred stock, a description of the preferred stock, and the dividend requirements of the preferred stock. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 810 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//810/tableOfContent + Details
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