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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended May 3, 2019
o Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Transition Period from to
THE TORO COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 1-8649 | 41-0580470
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization | Commission File Number | I.R.S. Employer Identification Number

8111 Lyndale Avenue South
Bloomington, Minnesota 55420
Telephone Number: (952) 888-8801
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share | TTC | New York Stock Exchange

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of May 29, 2019 was 106,435,227.

Table of Contents
THE TORO COMPANY
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

|  | Page Number
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION: |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 48
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 49
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION: |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 51
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 51
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 52
Item 6. | Exhibits | 53
| Signatures | 54

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
THE TORO COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 962,036 |  |  | $ | 875,280 |  |  | $ | 1,564,992 |  |  | $ | 1,423,526 |
Cost of sales |  | 640,738 |  |  | 551,224 |  |  | 1,028,077 |  |  | 895,231 |
Gross profit |  | 321,298 |  |  | 324,056 |  |  | 536,915 |  |  | 528,295 |
Selling, general and administrative expense |  | 183,573 |  |  | 153,783 |  |  | 329,136 |  |  | 291,100 |
Operating earnings |  | 137,725 |  |  | 170,273 |  |  | 207,779 |  |  | 237,195 |
Interest expense |  | (6,694 | ) |  | (4,720 | ) |  | (11,436 | ) |  | (9,538 | )
Other income, net |  | 6,149 |  |  | 3,613 |  |  | 10,857 |  |  | 7,894 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 137,180 |  |  | 169,166 |  |  | 207,200 |  |  | 235,551 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 21,610 |  |  | 37,877 |  |  | 32,090 |  |  | 81,658 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 115,570 |  |  | $ | 131,289 |  |  | $ | 175,110 |  |  | $ | 153,893 |
Basic net earnings per share of common stock |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.64 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |
Diluted net earnings per share of common stock |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.62 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding — Basic |  | 106,679 |  |  | 106,423 |  |  | 106,466 |  |  | 106,830 |
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding — Diluted |  | 108,007 |  |  | 108,835 |  |  | 107,909 |  |  | 109,353 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
THE TORO COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Net earnings |  | $ | 115,570 |  |  | $ | 131,289 |  |  | $ | 175,110 |  |  | $ | 153,893 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (3,767 | ) |  | (8,748 | ) |  | (336 | ) |  | 2,124 |
Derivative instruments, net of tax of $998; $1,412; $(354); and $833, respectively |  | 3,166 |  |  | 4,035 |  |  | (843 | ) |  | 1,256 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | (601 | ) |  | (4,713 | ) |  | (1,179 | ) |  | 3,380 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 114,969 |  |  | $ | 126,576 |  |  | $ | 173,931 |  |  | $ | 157,273 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
THE TORO COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

|  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 180,078 |  |  | $ | 206,100 |  |  | $ | 289,124 |
Receivables, net |  | 428,567 |  |  | 329,570 |  |  | 193,178 |
Inventories, net |  | 611,331 |  |  | 394,801 |  |  | 358,259 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 50,298 |  |  | 47,758 |  |  | 54,076 |
Total current assets |  | 1,270,274 |  |  | 978,229 |  |  | 894,637 |
Property, plant and equipment, gross |  | 1,108,978 |  |  | 901,768 |  |  | 928,981 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | 683,597 |  |  | 656,420 |  |  | 657,522 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 425,381 |  |  | 245,348 |  |  | 271,459 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 4,484 |  |  | 42,994 |  |  | 38,252 |
Goodwill |  | 372,343 |  |  | 225,736 |  |  | 225,290 |
Other intangible assets, net |  | 333,177 |  |  | 109,710 |  |  | 105,649 |
Other assets |  | 60,341 |  |  | 33,730 |  |  | 35,697 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,466,000 |  |  | $ | 1,635,747 |  |  | $ | 1,570,984 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 90,000 |  |  | $ | 13,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts payable |  | 391,692 |  |  | 303,911 |  |  | 256,575 |
Accrued liabilities |  | 360,082 |  |  | 335,496 |  |  | 276,060 |
Total current liabilities |  | 841,774 |  |  | 652,407 |  |  | 532,635 |
Long-term debt, less current portion |  | 721,079 |  |  | 299,302 |  |  | 312,549 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 50,665 |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | 1,397 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 47,205 |  |  | 58,941 |  |  | 55,487 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share, authorized 1,000,000 voting and 850,000 non-voting shares, none issued and outstanding |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share, authorized 175,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 106,433,714 shares as of May 3, 2019, 105,456,188 shares as of May 4, 2018, and 105,600,652 shares as of October 31, 2018 |  | 106,434 |  |  | 105,456 |  |  | 105,601 |
Retained earnings |  | 723,959 |  |  | 538,470 |  |  | 587,252 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (25,116 | ) |  | (20,599 | ) |  | (23,937 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 805,277 |  |  | 623,327 |  |  | 668,916 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 2,466,000 |  |  | $ | 1,635,747 |  |  | $ | 1,570,984 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
THE TORO COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 175,110 |  |  | $ | 153,893 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash income from finance affiliate |  | (5,825 | ) |  | (5,370 | )
Contributions to finance affiliate, net |  | (1,743 | ) |  | (2,959 | )
Provision for depreciation and amortization |  | 43,452 |  |  | 30,141 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 7,025 |  |  | 5,565 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (193 | ) |  | 21,121 |
Other |  | 42 |  |  | (40 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables, net |  | (169,820 | ) |  | (143,947 | )
Inventories, net |  | (4,683 | ) |  | (62,575 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 534 |  |  | (8,402 | )
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities |  | 120,091 |  |  | 151,007 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 163,990 |  |  | 138,434 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  | (33,421 | ) |  | (35,365 | )
Proceeds from asset disposals |  | 105 |  |  | — |
Investment in unconsolidated entities |  | (150 | ) |  | (333 | )
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  | (692,077 | ) |  | (31,202 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (725,543 | ) |  | (66,900 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings under debt arrangements |  | 700,000 |  |  | — |
Repayments under debt arrangements |  | (201,004 | ) |  | (20,239 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  | 24,408 |  |  | 5,778 |
Payments of withholding taxes for stock awards |  | (1,894 | ) |  | (3,212 | )
Purchases of Toro common stock |  | (20,043 | ) |  | (116,490 | )
Dividends paid on Toro common stock |  | (47,930 | ) |  | (42,679 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 453,537 |  |  | (176,842 | )
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents |  | (1,030 | ) |  | 1,152 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | (109,046 | ) |  | (104,156 | )
Cash and cash equivalents as of the beginning of the fiscal period |  | 289,124 |  |  | 310,256 |
Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of the fiscal period |  | $ | 180,078 |  |  | $ | 206,100 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Table of Contents
THE TORO COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance as of February 1, 2019 |  | $ | 105,747 |  |  | $ | 613,165 |  |  | $ | (24,515 | ) |  | $ | 694,397 |
Cash dividends paid on common stock - $0.225 per share |  | — |  |  | (24,007 | ) |  | — |  |  | (24,007 | )
Issuance of 687,522 shares for stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested |  | 687 |  |  | 16,152 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,839 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 3,101 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,101 |
Purchase of 345 shares of common stock |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | (22 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (601 | ) |  | (601 | )
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | 115,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 115,570 |
Balance as of May 3, 2019 |  | $ | 106,434 |  |  | $ | 723,959 |  |  | $ | (25,116 | ) |  | $ | 805,277 |
Balance as of October 31, 2018 |  | $ | 105,601 |  |  | $ | 587,252 |  |  | $ | (23,937 | ) |  | $ | 668,916 |
Cash dividends paid on common stock - $0.45 per share |  | — |  |  | (47,930 | ) |  | — |  |  | (47,930 | )
Issuance of 1,225,308 shares for stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested |  | 1,225 |  |  | 21,779 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,004 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 7,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,025 |
Contribution of stock to a deferred compensation trust |  | — |  |  | 1,404 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,404 |
Purchase of 392,245 shares of common stock |  | (392 | ) |  | (21,545 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21,937 | )
Cumulative transition adjustment due to the adoption of ASU 2014-09 |  | — |  |  | 864 |  |  | — |  |  | 864 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,179 | ) |  | (1,179 | )
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | 175,110 |  |  | — |  |  | 175,110 |
Balance as of May 3, 2019 |  | $ | 106,434 |  |  | $ | 723,959 |  |  | $ | (25,116 | ) |  | $ | 805,277 |
Balance as of February 2, 2018 |  | $ | 106,435 |  |  | $ | 490,373 |  |  | $ | (16,027 | ) |  | $ | 580,781 |
Cash dividends paid on common stock - $0.20 per share |  | — |  |  | (21,254 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21,254 | )
Issuance of 102,262 shares for stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested |  | 102 |  |  | 1,240 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,342 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 2,441 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,441 |
Purchase of 1,080,729 shares of common stock |  | (1,081 | ) |  | (65,478 | ) |  | — |  |  | (66,559 | )
Reclassification due to the adoption of ASU 2018-02 |  | — |  |  | (141 | ) |  | 141 |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,713 | ) |  | (4,713 | )
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | 131,289 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,289 |
Balance as of May 4, 2018 |  | $ | 105,456 |  |  | $ | 538,470 |  |  | $ | (20,599 | ) |  | $ | 623,327 |
Balance as of October 31, 2017 |  | $ | 106,883 |  |  | $ | 534,329 |  |  | $ | (24,120 | ) |  | $ | 617,092 |
Cash dividends paid on common stock - $0.40 per share |  | — |  |  | (42,679 | ) |  | — |  |  | (42,679 | )
Issuance of 609,253 shares for stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested |  | 609 |  |  | 3,732 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,341 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 5,565 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,565 |
Contribution of stock to a deferred compensation trust |  | — |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,437 |
Purchase of 2,036,037 shares of common stock |  | (2,036 | ) |  | (117,666 | ) |  | — |  |  | (119,702 | )
Reclassification due to the adoption of ASU 2018-02 |  | — |  |  | (141 | ) |  | 141 |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,380 |  |  | 3,380 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | 153,893 |  |  | — |  |  | 153,893 |
Balance as of May 4, 2018 |  | $ | 105,456 |  |  | $ | 538,470 |  |  | $ | (20,599 | ) |  | $ | 623,327 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE TORO COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
May 3, 2019
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all the information and notes required by United States ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms "company," "Toro," "we," "our," or "us" refer to The Toro Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated from the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In the opinion of management, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting primarily of recurring accruals, considered necessary for the fair presentation of the company's Consolidated Financial Position, Results of Operations, and Cash Flows for the periods presented. Since the company’s business is seasonal, operating results for the six months ended May 3, 2019 cannot be annualized to determine the expected results for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2019.
The company’s fiscal year ends on October 31, and quarterly results are reported based on three-month periods that generally end on the Friday closest to the quarter end. For comparative purposes, however, the company’s second and third quarters always include exactly 13 weeks of results so that the quarter end date for these two quarters is not necessarily the Friday closest to the calendar month end.
The company completed its acquisition of The Charles Machine Works, Inc. ("CMW") on April 1, 2019. CMW's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows are reported based on a calendar month end; and accordingly, April 30, 2019 was the period end closest to the company's fiscal second quarter ended May 3, 2019. This reporting period difference did not have a significant impact on the Consolidated Financial Position, Results of Operations, and Cash Flows of the company as of and for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019. Refer to Note 2, Business Combinations, for additional information regarding the company's acquisition of CMW.
For further information regarding the company's basis of presentation, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018. The policies described in that report are used for preparing quarterly reports.
Accounting Policies
In preparing the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management must make decisions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the related disclosures, including disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Such decisions include the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. Estimates are used in determining, among other items, sales promotion and incentive accruals, incentive compensation accruals, income tax accruals, inventory valuation, warranty reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, pension and post-retirement accruals, self-insurance accruals, useful lives for tangible and definite-lived intangible assets, future cash flows associated with impairment testing for goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets, and valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, when applicable. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgments at the time they are made and are generally derived from management's understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances, historical experience, and actuarial and other independent external third-party specialist valuations, when applicable. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual amounts could differ significantly from those estimated at the time the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared.
New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers that updates the principles for recognizing revenue. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The guidance also requires enhanced
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disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which deferred the effective date of this standard by one year. The company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective November 1, 2018, during the first quarter of fiscal 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption, which was applied to all contracts for which the company's performance obligations were not completed as of October 31, 2018. In adopting ASU 2014-09, the company elected the following allowable exemptions or practical expedients:

• | Portfolio approach practical expedient relative to the estimation of variable consideration.

• | Shipping and handling practical expedient to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers as fulfillment activities.

• | Costs of obtaining a contract practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset is one year or less.

• | Immaterial goods or services practical expedient to not assess whether promised goods or services are performance obligations if they are immaterial in the context of the contract with the customer.

• | Sales taxes practical expedient to exclude sales taxes and other similar taxes from the transaction price.

• | Exemption to not disclose the unfulfilled performance obligation balance for contracts with an original length of one year or less.

Upon adoption of ASU 2014-09, the company recognized an immaterial transition adjustment within the company's fiscal 2019 beginning retained earnings balance on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for the cumulative effect of the change in accounting standard. Results for reporting periods beginning after November 1, 2018 are presented under the guidelines of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, while prior reporting period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not materially impact the amount of revenue recognized or any other financial statement line item as of and for the three and six months ended May 3, 2019. Additionally, the company identified and implemented the appropriate changes to its business processes, information systems, and internal controls to support the preparation of financial information, which did not materially affect the company's internal controls over financial reporting. Refer to Note 4, Revenue, for the additional disclosures required under ASC 606.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The amended guidance was adopted in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and did not have a material impact on the company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 2 — Business Combinations
The Charles Machine Works, Inc.
On April 1, 2019 ("closing date"), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated February 14, 2019 ("merger agreement"), the company completed the acquisition of CMW, a privately held Oklahoma corporation. CMW designs, manufactures, and sells a range of professional products to serve the underground construction market, including horizontal directional drills, walk and ride trenchers, utility loaders, vacuum excavators, asset locators, pipe rehabilitation solutions, and after-market tools. CMW provides innovative product offerings that broaden and strengthen the company's Professional segment product portfolio and expands its dealer network, while also providing a complementary geographic manufacturing footprint. The transaction was structured as a merger, pursuant to which a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company merged with and into CMW, with CMW continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company. As a result of the merger, all of the outstanding equity securities of CMW were canceled and now only represent the right to receive the applicable consideration as described in the merger agreement. The preliminary aggregate merger consideration was $679.6 million ("purchase price"), and remains subject to customary adjustments based on, among other things, the amount of actual cash, debt and working capital in the business of CMW at the closing date. Such customary adjustments are expected to be completed during fiscal 2019. The company funded the preliminary purchase price for the acquisition by using a combination of cash proceeds from the issuance of borrowings under the company's unsecured senior term loan credit agreement and borrowings from the company's unsecured senior revolving credit facility. For additional information regarding the financing agreements utilized to fund the purchase price, refer to Note 6, Indebtedness. The company has incurred approximately $8.0 million and $9.7 million of acquisition-related transaction costs during the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019, respectively. These acquisition-related transaction costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expense within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
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Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The company accounted for the acquisition in accordance with the accounting standards codification guidance for business combinations, whereby the total purchase price was allocated to the acquired net tangible and intangible assets of CMW based on their fair values as of the closing date. The company believes that the information available as of the closing date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed; however, the company is continuing to finalize these amounts, particularly with respect to income taxes and valuations of inventories, fixed assets, and intangible assets. Thus, the preliminary measurements of fair value reflected are subject to change as additional information becomes available and as additional analysis is performed. The company expects to finalize the valuation and complete the allocation of the purchase price as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the closing date of the acquisition, as required.
The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase price to the values assigned to the CMW assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These values are based on internal company and independent external third-party valuations and are subject to change as certain asset and liability valuations are finalized:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 1, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 16,036 |
Receivables |  | 65,618 |
Inventories |  | 243,721 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 8,209 |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 142,700 |
Goodwill |  | 145,538 |
Other intangible assets |  | 232,980 |
Other long-term assets |  | 12,956 |
Accounts payable |  | (36,644 | )
Accrued liabilities |  | (44,260 | )
Deferred income tax liabilities |  | (83,254 | )
Other long-term liabilities |  | (7,985 | )
Total fair value of net assets acquired |  | 695,615 |
Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired |  | (16,036 | )
Total purchase price |  | $ | 679,579 |

The goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to the value of the workforce, the reputation of CMW and its family of brands, customer and dealer growth opportunities, and expected synergies. Key areas of expected cost synergies include increased purchasing power for commodities and component parts, supply chain consolidation, and administrative efficiencies. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of CMW was recognized within the company's Professional segment and increased Professional segment goodwill to $360.3 million as of May 3, 2019 from $215.0 million as of February 1, 2019. Goodwill is expected to be mostly non-deductible for tax purposes.
Other Intangible Assets Acquired
The allocation of the preliminary purchase price to the net assets acquired resulted in the recognition of $233.0 million of other intangible assets as of the closing date. The preliminary fair values of the acquired trade name, customer-related, developed technology and backlog intangible assets were estimated using the income approach. Under the income approach, an intangible asset's fair value is equal to the present value of future economic benefits to be derived from ownership of the asset. The preliminary fair values of the trade names were estimated using the relief from royalty method, which is based on the hypothetical royalty stream that would be received if the company were to license the trade name and was based on expected future revenues. The preliminary fair values of the customer-related, developed technology, and backlog intangible assets were determined using the excess earnings method. The preliminary fair values of such other intangible assets under the excess earnings method are based on the expected operating cash flows attributable to the respective other intangible asset, which were estimated by deducting economic costs, including operating expenses and contributory asset charges, from revenue expected to be generated from the respective other intangible asset. The preliminary useful lives of the intangible assets were determined based on the period of expected cash flows used to measure the preliminary fair value of the intangible assets adjusted as appropriate for entity-specific factors including legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, and/or other factors that may limit the useful life of the respective intangible asset.
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The preliminary fair values of the other intangible assets acquired on the closing date, related accumulated amortization from the closing date through May 3, 2019, and preliminary weighted-average useful lives were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Useful Life |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Customer-related |  | 18.1 |  | $ | 111,400 |  |  | $ | (576 | ) |  | $ | 110,824 |
Developed technology |  | 7.7 |  | 19,300 |  |  | (266 | ) |  | 19,034 |
Trade names |  | 20.0 |  | 5,300 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 5,278 |
Backlog |  | 0.5 |  | 6,580 |  |  | (1,097 | ) |  | 5,483 |
Total amortizable |  | 16.0 |  | 142,580 |  |  | (1,961 | ) |  | 140,619 |
Non-amortizable - trade names |  |  |  | 90,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,400 |
Total other intangible assets, net |  |  |  | $ | 232,980 |  |  | $ | (1,961 | ) |  | $ | 231,019 |

Amortization expense for the definite-lived intangible assets resulting from the acquisition of CMW for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 was $2.0 million. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2019 and succeeding fiscal years is as follows: fiscal 2019 (remainder), $10.7 million; fiscal 2020, $10.4 million; fiscal 2021, $10.4 million; fiscal 2022, $9.8 million; fiscal 2023, $8.8 million; fiscal 2024, $8.4 million; and after fiscal 2024, $82.1 million.
Results of Operations
CMW's results of operations have been included within the Professional segment in the company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from the closing date. During the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019, the company recognized $70.9 million and $4.1 million of net sales and segment loss from CMW's operations, respectively. Segment loss for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 includes a $9.5 million charge for amortization of the inventory fair value step-up amount and backlog intangible asset resulting from purchase accounting adjustments.
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
Unaudited pro forma financial information has been prepared as if the acquisition had taken place on November 1, 2017 and has been prepared for comparative purposes only. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the acquisition actually taken place on November 1, 2017 and the unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of future Consolidated Results of Operations. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not reflect any synergies, operating efficiencies, and/or cost savings that may be realized from the integration of the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018 have been adjusted to exclude the pro forma impact of amortization of the inventory fair value step-up amount and backlog intangible asset; include the pro forma impact of amortization of other intangible assets, excluding backlog, based on the estimated purchase price allocations and estimated useful lives; include the pro forma impact of the depreciation of property, plant, and equipment based on the estimated purchase price allocations and estimated useful lives; include the pro forma impact of additional interest expense relating to the acquisition; exclude the pro forma impact of transaction costs incurred by the company directly attributable to the acquisition; and include the pro forma tax effect of both earnings before income taxes and the pro forma adjustments.
The following table presents the unaudited pro forma financial information:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 1,086,708 |  |  | $ | 1,046,932 |  |  | $ | 1,864,243 |  |  | $ | 1,749,535 |
Net earnings 1 |  | 176,481 |  |  | 131,022 |  |  | 233,404 |  |  | 152,102 |
Basic net earnings per share of common stock |  | 1.65 |  |  | 1.23 |  |  | 2.19 |  |  | 1.42 |
Diluted net earnings per share of common stock 1 |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |  |  | $ | 1.39 |

1 | On January 1, 2019, CMW amended its retiree medical plans so that no employee hired, or rehired, after that date would be eligible for such retiree medical plans. CMW further amended its retiree medical plans on February 14, 2019 so that no employee who terminates employment after February 14, 2019 is eligible to participate in the retiree medical plans and to terminate its retiree medical plans effective December 31, 2019. The amendments and resulting termination of CMW's retiree medical plans resulted in a gain of approximately $45.8 million. This gain is reflected within net earnings

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in the unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019. The impact on diluted net earnings per share of common stock for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 was $0.42 per diluted share of common stock.
Northeastern U.S. Distribution Company
Effective November 30, 2018, during the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of, and assumed certain liabilities of, a Northeastern U.S. distribution company. The purchase price of this acquisition was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimates of their fair value, with the excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. This acquisition was immaterial based on the company's Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Additional purchase accounting disclosures have been omitted given the immateriality of this acquisition in relation to the company's Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
L.T. Rich Products, Inc.
Effective March 19, 2018, during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of, and assumed certain liabilities of, L.T. Rich Products, Inc., a manufacturer of professional zero-turn spreader/sprayers, aerators, and snow and ice management equipment. The addition of these products has broadened and strengthened the company’s Professional segment solutions for landscape contractors and grounds professionals. The purchase price of this acquisition was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimates of their fair value, with the excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. This acquisition was immaterial based on the company's Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Additional purchase accounting disclosures have been omitted given the immateriality of this acquisition in relation to the company's Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Note 3 — Segment Data
The company's businesses are organized, managed, and internally grouped into segments based on similarities in products and services. Segment selection is based on the manner in which management organizes segments for making operating and investment decisions and assessing performance. The company has determined it has ten operating segments and has aggregated certain of those operating segments into two reportable segments: Professional and Residential. The aggregation of the company's operating segments is based on the operating segments having the following similarities: economic characteristics, types of products and services, types of production processes, type or class of customers, and method of distribution. The company's remaining activities are presented as "Other" due to their insignificance. These Other activities consist of the company's wholly-owned domestic distribution companies, the company's corporate activities, and the elimination of intersegment revenues and expenses.
The following tables present the summarized financial information concerning the company’s reportable segments:

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended May 3, 2019 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Net sales |  | $ | 723,506 |  |  | $ | 232,147 |  |  | $ | 6,383 |  |  | $ | 962,036 |
Intersegment gross sales |  | 23,716 |  |  | 80 |  |  | (23,796 | ) |  | — |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 150,119 |  |  | $ | 22,030 |  |  | $ | (34,969 | ) |  | $ | 137,180 |

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Six Months Ended May 3, 2019 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Net sales |  | $ | 1,178,512 |  |  | $ | 377,305 |  |  | $ | 9,175 |  |  | $ | 1,564,992 |
Intersegment gross sales |  | 37,325 |  |  | 179 |  |  | (37,504 | ) |  | — |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  | 238,097 |  |  | 35,102 |  |  | (65,999 | ) |  | 207,200 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,848,351 |  |  | $ | 271,224 |  |  | $ | 346,425 |  |  | $ | 2,466,000 |

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended May 4, 2018 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Net sales |  | $ | 660,373 |  |  | $ | 212,169 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 875,280 |
Intersegment gross sales |  | 10,664 |  |  | 107 |  |  | (10,771 | ) |  | — |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 164,979 |  |  | $ | 26,304 |  |  | $ | (22,117 | ) |  | $ | 169,166 |

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(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Six Months Ended May 4, 2018 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Net sales |  | $ | 1,064,042 |  |  | $ | 354,676 |  |  | $ | 4,808 |  |  | $ | 1,423,526 |
Intersegment gross sales |  | 17,122 |  |  | 163 |  |  | (17,285 | ) |  | — |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  | 240,891 |  |  | 42,017 |  |  | (47,357 | ) |  | 235,551 |
Total assets |  | $ | 963,564 |  |  | $ | 288,248 |  |  | $ | 383,935 |  |  | $ | 1,635,747 |

The following table presents the details of operating loss before income taxes for the company's Other activities:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Corporate expenses |  | $ | (34,357 | ) |  | $ | (21,096 | ) |  | $ | (62,671 | ) |  | $ | (45,497 | )
Interest expense |  | (6,694 | ) |  | (4,720 | ) |  | (11,436 | ) |  | (9,538 | )
Other income |  | 6,082 |  |  | 3,699 |  |  | 8,108 |  |  | 7,678 |
Total operating loss |  | $ | (34,969 | ) |  | $ | (22,117 | ) |  | $ | (65,999 | ) |  | $ | (47,357 | )

Note 4 — Revenue
The company enters into contracts with its customers for the sale of products or rendering of services in the ordinary course of business. A contract with commercial substance exists at the time the company receives and accepts a purchase order under a sales contract with a customer. The company recognizes revenue when, or as, performance obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied, which occurs with the transfer of control of product or services. Control is typically transferred to the customer at the time a product is shipped, or in the case of certain agreements, when a product is delivered or as services are rendered. Revenue is recognized based on the transaction price, which is measured as the amount of consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for transferring product or rendering services pursuant to the terms of the contract with a customer. The amount of consideration the company receives and the revenue the company recognizes varies with changes in sales promotions and incentives offered to customers, as well as anticipated product returns. A provision is made at the time revenue is recognized as a reduction of the transaction price for expected product returns, rebates, floor plan costs, and other sales promotion and incentive expenses. If a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of the respective promised good or service. The company does not recognize revenue in situations where collectability from the customer is not probable, and defers the recognition of revenue until collection is probable or payment is received and performance obligations are satisfied.
Freight and shipping revenue billed to customers concurrent with revenue producing activities is included within revenue and the cost for freight and shipping is recognized as an expense within cost of sales when control has transferred to the customer. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related products is transferred are treated as a fulfillment activity rather than a promised service, and therefore, are not considered a performance obligation. Sales, use, value-added, and other excise taxes the company collects concurrent with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract for which the performance obligations will be satisfied within the next twelve months are expensed as incurred. Incidental items, including goods or services, that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense when incurred. Additionally, the company has elected not to disclose the balance of unfulfilled performance obligations for contracts with a contractual term of twelve months or less.
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The following tables disaggregate our reportable segment net sales by major product type and geographic market (in thousands):

Three Months Ended May 3, 2019 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Revenue by product type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment |  | $ | 618,099 |  |  | $ | 225,456 |  |  | $ | 2,661 |  |  | $ | 846,216 |
Irrigation |  | 105,407 |  |  | 6,691 |  |  | 3,722 |  |  | 115,820 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 723,506 |  |  | $ | 232,147 |  |  | $ | 6,383 |  |  | $ | 962,036 |
Revenue by geographic market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 546,413 |  |  | $ | 190,163 |  |  | $ | 6,383 |  |  | $ | 742,959 |
Foreign Countries |  | 177,093 |  |  | 41,984 |  |  | — |  |  | 219,077 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 723,506 |  |  | $ | 232,147 |  |  | $ | 6,383 |  |  | $ | 962,036 |

Six Months Ended May 3, 2019 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Revenue by product type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment |  | $ | 1,005,649 |  |  | $ | 358,966 |  |  | $ | 4,630 |  |  | $ | 1,369,245 |
Irrigation |  | 172,863 |  |  | 18,339 |  |  | 4,545 |  |  | 195,747 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,178,512 |  |  | $ | 377,305 |  |  | $ | 9,175 |  |  | $ | 1,564,992 |
Revenue by geographic market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 894,517 |  |  | $ | 300,678 |  |  | $ | 9,175 |  |  | $ | 1,204,370 |
Foreign Countries |  | 283,995 |  |  | 76,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 360,622 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,178,512 |  |  | $ | 377,305 |  |  | $ | 9,175 |  |  | $ | 1,564,992 |

Three Months Ended May 4, 2018 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Revenue by product type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment |  | $ | 554,068 |  |  | $ | 203,932 |  |  | $ | 1,488 |  |  | $ | 759,488 |
Irrigation |  | 106,305 |  |  | 8,237 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 115,792 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 660,373 |  |  | $ | 212,169 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 875,280 |
Revenue by geographic market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 495,017 |  |  | $ | 170,446 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 668,201 |
Foreign Countries |  | 165,356 |  |  | 41,723 |  |  | — |  |  | 207,079 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 660,373 |  |  | $ | 212,169 |  |  | $ | 2,738 |  |  | $ | 875,280 |

Six Months Ended May 4, 2018 |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Revenue by product type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment |  | $ | 882,710 |  |  | $ | 333,239 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |  |  | $ | 1,218,705 |
Irrigation |  | 181,332 |  |  | 21,437 |  |  | 2,052 |  |  | 204,821 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,064,042 |  |  | $ | 354,676 |  |  | $ | 4,808 |  |  | $ | 1,423,526 |
Revenue by geographic market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 790,707 |  |  | $ | 274,142 |  |  | $ | 4,808 |  |  | $ | 1,069,657 |
Foreign Countries |  | 273,335 |  |  | 80,534 |  |  | — |  |  | 353,869 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,064,042 |  |  | $ | 354,676 |  |  | $ | 4,808 |  |  | $ | 1,423,526 |

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Product Revenue
The company's product revenues are generated through sales of manufactured equipment and irrigation products, including related replacement parts and accessories. For the majority of the company's products, control is transferred and revenue is recognized when the product is shipped from the company's manufacturing facilities or distribution centers to the company's customers, which primarily consist of distributors, dealers, and mass retailers. In certain situations, the company transfers control and recognizes revenue when delivery to the customer has occurred. Additionally, the company ships some of its products to a key retailer's distribution centers on a consignment basis. The company retains control of its products stored at the key retailer's distribution centers. As the company's products are removed from the distribution centers by the key retailer and shipped to the key retailer's stores, control is transferred from the company to the key retailer. At that time, the company invoices the key retailer and recognizes revenue for these consignment transactions. The company does not offer a right of return for products shipped to the key retailer's stores from the distribution centers.
The company and TCF Inventory Finance, Inc. ("TCFIF"), a subsidiary of TCF National Bank, established Red Iron Acceptance, LLC ("Red Iron"), a joint venture that primarily provides inventory financing to certain dealers and distributors of our equipment and irrigation products. The company also has floor plan financing arrangements with separate third-party financial institutions to provide floor plan financing to certain dealers not financed through Red Iron. When product sales are financed by Red Iron or other third-party financial institutions, the transactions are structured as an advance in the form of a payment to the company on behalf of a dealer or distributor with respect to invoices financed by the financial institutions. These payments extinguish the obligation of such dealer or distributor to make payment to the company under the terms of the applicable invoice. Under a separate agreement between the financial institutions and such dealer or distributor, the financial institution provides a loan to such dealer or distributor for the advances paid by the financial institutions to the company. The company's sales of product to customers that do not elect to finance purchases through Red Iron or the third-party financial institutions are generally on open account with terms that generally approximate 30 to 120 days and the resulting receivables are included within receivables, net on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Product revenue is recognized based on the transaction price, which is measured as the amount of consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for transferring control of a product to a customer. When determining the transaction price, the company estimates variable consideration by applying the portfolio approach practical expedient under ASC 606. The primary sources of variable consideration for the company are rebate programs, volume incentive programs, floor plan and retail financing programs, cash discounts, and product returns. These sales promotions and incentives are recorded as a reduction to revenue at the time of the initial sale. The company estimates variable consideration related to equipment and irrigation products sold under its sales promotion and incentive programs using the expected value method, which is based on sales terms with customers, historical experience, field inventory levels, volume purchases, and known changes in relevant trends. There are no material instances where variable consideration is constrained and not recorded at the initial time of sale. Additionally, the company may offer to its customers the right to return eligible equipment and irrigation products, replacement parts, and accessories. Returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on anticipated sales returns estimated from sales terms, historical experience, and trend analysis. The company records obligations for returns within accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the right-of-return asset in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The refund liability and right-of-return asset are remeasured for changes in the estimate at each reporting date with a corresponding adjustment to net sales and cost of sales within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Service Revenue
In certain cases, the company renders service contracts to customers, which typically range from 12 to 36 months. The company receives payment at the inception of the service contract and recognizes revenue over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the performance obligations under the service contract.
Warranty Revenue
In addition to the standard warranties offered by the company on its equipment and irrigation products intended to provide assurance that the product will function as expected, the company also sells separately priced extended warranty coverage on select products for a prescribed period after the standard warranty period expires, which typically range from 12 to 24 months. The company receives payment at the inception of the separately priced extended warranty contract and recognizes revenue over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the performance obligations under the separately priced extended warranty contract.
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Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities relate to deferred revenue recognized for payments received at contract inception in advance of the company's performance under the contract and generally relate to the sale of separately priced extended warranty contracts, service contracts, and non-refundable customer deposits. The company recognizes revenue over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred in satisfying the performance obligations under the separately priced extended warranty and service contracts. For non-refundable customer deposits, the company recognizes revenue as of the point in time in which the performance obligation has been satisfied under the contract with the customer, which typically occurs upon change in control at the time a product is shipped, or in the case of certain agreements, when a product is delivered. As of May 3, 2019 and October 31, 2018, $14.8 million and $14.0 million, respectively, of unearned revenue associated with outstanding separately priced extended warranty contracts, service contracts, and non-refundable customer deposits was reported within accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three and six months ended May 3, 2019, the company recognized $1.5 million and $3.2 million of the October 31, 2018 unearned revenue balance within net sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The company expects to recognize approximately $2.6 million of the October 31, 2018 unearned amount within net sales throughout the remainder of fiscal 2019, $4.3 million in fiscal 2020, and $3.9 million thereafter.
As a result of the company's acquisition of CMW on April 1, 2019, the company assumed $8.0 million of contract liabilities related to separately priced extended warranty contracts, service contracts, and non-refundable customer deposits. For the three and six months ended May 3, 2019, the company recognized $1.7 million of the April 1, 2019 assumed unearned revenue balance related to the CMW acquisition within net sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The company expects to recognize approximately $2.7 million of the unearned amount of the April 1, 2019 assumed unearned revenue balance related to the CMW acquisition within net sales throughout the remainder of fiscal 2019, $2.2 million in fiscal 2020, and $1.4 million thereafter. For additional information on the company's acquisition of CMW, refer to Note 2, Business Combinations.
Note 5 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The company's acquisition of CMW on April 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of $145.5 million and $233.0 million of preliminary goodwill and other intangible assets, respectively. For additional information on the company's acquisition of CMW, refer to Note 2, Business Combinations.
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the first six months of fiscal 2019 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Professional |  | Residential |  | Other |  | Total
Balance as of October 31, 2018 |  | $ | 214,827 |  |  | $ | 10,463 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 225,290 |
Goodwill acquired |  | 145,538 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,534 |  |  | 147,072 |
Translation adjustments |  | (47 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | (19 | )
Balance as of May 3, 2019 |  | $ | 360,318 |  |  | $ | 10,491 |  |  | $ | 1,534 |  |  | $ | 372,343 |

Other Intangible Assets
The components of other intangible assets as of May 3, 2019 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Useful Life |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Patents |  | 9.9 |  | $ | 18,254 |  |  | $ | (12,728 | ) |  | $ | 5,526 |
Non-compete agreements |  | 5.5 |  | 6,889 |  |  | (6,797 | ) |  | 92 |
Customer-related |  | 18.3 |  | 201,022 |  |  | (26,719 | ) |  | 174,303 |
Developed technology |  | 7.6 |  | 50,338 |  |  | (29,292 | ) |  | 21,046 |
Trade names |  | 15.5 |  | 7,599 |  |  | (1,903 | ) |  | 5,696 |
Backlog and other |  | 0.6 |  | 7,380 |  |  | (1,897 | ) |  | 5,483 |
Total amortizable |  | 15.1 |  | 291,482 |  |  | (79,336 | ) |  | 212,146 |
Non-amortizable - trade names |  |  |  | 121,031 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,031 |
Total other intangible assets, net |  |  |  | $ | 412,513 |  |  | $ | (79,336 | ) |  | $ | 333,177 |

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The components of other intangible assets as of May 4, 2018 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Useful Life |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Patents |  | 9.7 |  | $ | 18,287 |  |  | $ | (11,937 | ) |  | $ | 6,350 |
Non-compete agreements |  | 5.5 |  | 6,918 |  |  | (6,806 | ) |  | 112 |
Customer-related |  | 18.5 |  | 89,874 |  |  | (21,284 | ) |  | 68,590 |
Developed technology |  | 7.6 |  | 31,180 |  |  | (27,872 | ) |  | 3,308 |
Trade names |  | 5.0 |  | 2,351 |  |  | (1,724 | ) |  | 627 |
Other |  | 1.0 |  | 800 |  |  | (800 | ) |  | — |
Total amortizable |  | 14.2 |  | 149,410 |  |  | (70,423 | ) |  | 78,987 |
Non-amortizable - trade names |  |  |  | 30,723 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,723 |
Total other intangible assets, net |  |  |  | $ | 180,133 |  |  | $ | (70,423 | ) |  | $ | 109,710 |

The components of other intangible assets as of October 31, 2018 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Useful Life |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Patents |  | 9.9 |  | $ | 18,235 |  |  | $ | (12,297 | ) |  | $ | 5,938 |
Non-compete agreements |  | 5.5 |  | 6,872 |  |  | (6,771 | ) |  | 101 |
Customer-related |  | 18.5 |  | 89,622 |  |  | (23,653 | ) |  | 65,969 |
Developed technology |  | 7.6 |  | 31,029 |  |  | (28,471 | ) |  | 2,558 |
Trade names |  | 5.0 |  | 2,307 |  |  | (1,805 | ) |  | 502 |
Other |  | 1.0 |  | 800 |  |  | (800 | ) |  | — |
Total amortizable |  | 14.3 |  | 148,865 |  |  | (73,797 | ) |  | 75,068 |
Non-amortizable - trade names |  |  |  | 30,581 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,581 |
Total other intangible assets, net |  |  |  | $ | 179,446 |  |  | $ | (73,797 | ) |  | $ | 105,649 |

Amortization expense for definite-lived intangible assets during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 was $3.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Amortization expense for definite-lived intangible assets during the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018 was $5.5 million and $3.6 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2019 and succeeding fiscal years is as follows: fiscal 2019 (remainder), $13.9 million; fiscal 2020, $16.5 million; fiscal 2021, $16.1 million; fiscal 2022, $15.4 million; fiscal 2023, $14.0 million; fiscal 2024, $13.3 million; and after fiscal 2024, $122.9 million.
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Note 6 — Indebtedness
The following is a summary of the company's indebtedness:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 90,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 91,000 |
$200 million term loan |  | 200,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
$300 million term loan |  | 300,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
7.800% debentures |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
6.625% senior notes |  | 123,885 |  |  | 123,823 |  |  | 123,854 |
$130 million term loan |  | — |  |  | 91,000 |  |  | — |
Less: unamortized discounts, debt issuance costs and deferred charges |  | (2,806 | ) |  | (2,521 | ) |  | (2,305 | )
Total indebtedness, net |  | 811,079 |  |  | 312,302 |  |  | 312,549 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt |  | (90,000 | ) |  | (13,000 | ) |  | — |
Long-term debt, less current portion |  | $ | 721,079 |  |  | $ | 299,302 |  |  | $ | 312,549 |

Principal payments required on the company's outstanding indebtedness, based on the maturity dates defined within the company's debt arrangements, for the remainder of fiscal 2019 and succeeding five fiscal years are as follows: fiscal 2019 (remainder), $0.0 million; fiscal 2020, $0.0 million; fiscal 2021, $0.0 million; fiscal 2022, $215.0 million; fiscal 2023, $120.0 million; fiscal 2024, $255.0 million; and after fiscal 2024, $225.0 million.
Revolving Credit Facility
In June 2018, the company replaced its prior revolving credit facility and term loan, which were scheduled to mature in October 2019, with an unsecured senior five-year revolving credit facility that, among other things, increased the company's borrowing capacity to $600 million, from $150 million, and expires in June 2023. Included in the company's $600 million revolving credit facility is a $10 million sublimit for standby letters of credit and a $30 million sublimit for swingline loans. At the company's election, and with the approval of the named borrowers on the revolving credit facility and the election of the lenders to fund such increase, the aggregate maximum principal amount available under the facility may be increased by an amount up to $300 million. Funds are available under the revolving credit facility for working capital, capital expenditures, and other lawful corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, acquisitions and common stock repurchases, subject in each case to compliance with certain financial covenants described below. In connection with the entry into the new revolving credit facility during June 2018, the company incurred approximately $1.9 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized over the life of the revolving credit facility under the straight-line method as the results obtained are not materially different from those that would result from the use of the effective interest method. The company classifies the debt issuance costs related to its revolving credit facility within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, regardless of whether the company has any outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility.
As of May 3, 2019, the company had $90.0 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility resulting from amounts drawn to fund the portion of the purchase price of the company's acquisition of CMW not financed under the company's term loan credit agreement, $1.9 million outstanding under the sublimit for standby letters of credit, and $508.1 million of unutilized availability under the revolving credit facility. As of October 31, 2018, the company had $91.0 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility, $1.5 million outstanding under the sublimit for standby letters of credit, and $507.5 million of unutilized availability under the revolving credit facility. As of May 4, 2018, the company had no borrowings under the revolving credit facility that was in place at that time. Typically, the company's revolving credit facility is classified as long-term debt within the company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as the company has the ability to extend the outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility for the full-term of the facility. However, if the company intends to repay a portion of the outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility within the next twelve months, the company reclassifies the portion of outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility that the company intends to repay within the next twelve months to current portion of long-term debt within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of May 3, 2019, the company reclassified $90.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility to current portion of long-term debt within the company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of October 31, 2018, the $91.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the company's revolving credit facility were classified as long-term debt within the company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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The company's revolving credit facility contains customary covenants, including, without limitation, financial covenants, such as the maintenance of minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios; and negative covenants, which among other things, limit disposition of assets, consolidations and mergers, restricted payments, liens, and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. Most of these restrictions are subject to certain minimum thresholds and exceptions. The company was in compliance with all covenants related to the credit agreement for the company's revolving credit facility as of May 3, 2019 and October 31, 2018. As of May 4, 2018, the company was in compliance with all covenants related to the credit agreement for the revolving credit facility that was in place at that time.
Outstanding loans under the revolving credit facility, if applicable, other than swingline loans, bear interest at a variable rate generally based on LIBOR or an alternative variable rate based on the highest of the Bank of America prime rate, the federal funds rate or a rate generally based on LIBOR, in each case subject to an additional basis point spread as defined in the credit agreement. Swingline loans under the revolving credit facility bear interest at a rate determined by the swingline lender or an alternative variable rate based on the highest of the Bank of America prime rate, the federal funds rate or a rate generally based on LIBOR, in each case subject to an additional basis point spread as defined in the credit agreement. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. For the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019, the company made interest payments of approximately $1.8 million and $1.0 million on the outstanding borrowings of the revolving credit facility. The company did not incur interest expense on the revolving credit facility that was in place during the three and six months ended May 4, 2018, as the company had no borrowings under the facility that was in place at that time.
Term Loan Credit Agreement
In March 2019, the company entered into a term loan credit agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions for the purpose of partially funding the purchase price of the company's acquisition of CMW and the related fees and expenses incurred in connection with such acquisition. The term loan credit agreement provided for a $200 million three year unsecured senior term loan facility maturing on April 1, 2022 and a $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility maturing on April 1, 2024. The funds under both term loan facilities were received on April 1, 2019 in connection with the closing of the company's acquisition of CMW. There are no scheduled principal amortization payments prior to maturity on the $200 million three year unsecured senior term loan facility. For the $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility, the company is required to make quarterly amortization payments of 2.5 percent of the aggregate principal balance beginning with the last business day of the thirteenth calendar quarter ending after April 1, 2019, with the remainder of the unpaid principal balance due at maturity. No payments are required during the first three years of the $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility. The term loan facilities may be prepaid and terminated at the company's election at any time without penalty or premium.
In connection with the company's entry into the term loan credit agreement in March 2019, the company incurred approximately $0.6 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized over the life of the respective term loans under the straight-line method as the results obtained are not materially different from those that would result from the use of the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred debt issuance costs are netted against the outstanding borrowings under the term loan credit agreement on the company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of May 3, 2019, there were $200 million and $300 million of outstanding borrowings under the term loan credit agreement for the $200 million three year unsecured senior term loan facility and the $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility, respectively, which are classified as long-term debt within the company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The term loan credit agreement contains customary covenants, including, without limitation, financial covenants, such as the maintenance of minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios; and negative covenants, which among other things, limit disposition of assets, consolidations and mergers, restricted payments, liens, and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. Most of these restrictions are subject to certain minimum thresholds and exceptions. The company was in compliance with all covenants related to the company's term loan credit agreement as of May 3, 2019.
Outstanding borrowings under the term loan credit agreement bear interest at a variable rate generally based on LIBOR or an alternative variable rate, based on the highest of the Bank of America prime rate, the federal funds rate, or a rate generally based on LIBOR, in each case subject to an additional basis point spread as defined in the term credit loan agreement. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. For the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019, the company made interest payments of approximately $1.6 million on the outstanding borrowings under the term loan credit agreement.
7.8% Debentures
In June 1997, the company issued $175 million of debt securities consisting of $75 million of 7.125 percent coupon 10-year notes and $100 million of 7.8 percent coupon 30-year debentures. The $75 million of 7.125 percent coupon 10-year notes were repaid at maturity during fiscal 2007. In connection with the issuance of $175 million in long-term debt securities, the company paid
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$23.7 million to terminate three forward-starting interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts totaling $125 million. These swap agreements had been entered into to reduce exposure to interest rate risk prior to the issuance of the new long-term debt securities. As of the inception of one of the swap agreements, the company had received payments that were recorded as deferred income to be recognized as an adjustment to interest expense over the term of the new debt securities. As of the date the swaps were terminated, this deferred income totaled $18.7 million. The excess termination fees over the deferred income recorded was deferred and is being recognized as an adjustment to interest expense over the term of the debt securities issued.
6.625% Senior Notes
On April 26, 2007, the company issued $125 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.625 percent senior notes due May 1, 2037 and priced at 98.513 percent of par value. The resulting discount of $1.9 million and the underwriting fee and direct debt issuance costs of $1.5 million associated with the issuance of these senior notes are being amortized over the term of the notes using the straight-line method as the results obtained are not materially different from those that would result from the use of the effective interest method. Although the coupon rate of the senior notes is 6.625 percent, the effective interest rate is 6.741 percent after taking into account the issuance discount. Interest on the senior notes is payable semi-annually on May 1 and November 1 of each year. The senior notes are unsecured senior obligations of the company and rank equally with the company's other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The indentures under which the senior notes were issued contain customary covenants and event of default provisions. The company may redeem some or all of the senior notes at any time at the greater of the full principal amount of the senior notes being redeemed or the present value of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the treasury rate plus 30 basis points, plus, in both cases, accrued and unpaid interest. In the event of the occurrence of both (i) a change of control of the company, and (ii) a downgrade of the notes below an investment grade rating by both Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor's Ratings Services within a specified period, the company would be required to make an offer to purchase the senior notes at a price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount of the senior notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase.
$130 Million Term Loan
In October 2014, the company obtained a $130 million term loan with various banks, which, at that time, was a part of a new credit agreement that included a new revolving credit facility. Under the credit agreement, interest on outstanding term loan borrowings was based on a LIBOR rate (or other rates quoted by the Administrative Agent, Bank of America, N.A.) plus a basis point spread defined in the credit agreement. As described in further detail in the section titled "Revolving Credit Facility" within this Note, in June 2018, the company replaced its term loan and prior revolving credit facility, which were scheduled to mature in October 2019, with an unsecured senior five-year revolving credit facility that expires in June 2023.
Note 7 — Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method for a majority of the company's inventories and the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method for all other inventories. The company establishes a reserve for excess, slow-moving, and obsolete inventory that is equal to the difference between the cost and estimated net realizable value for that inventory. These reserves are based on a review and comparison of current inventory levels to planned production, as well as planned and historical sales of the inventory.
On April 1, 2019, with the acquisition of CMW, the company acquired $243.7 million of inventory, based on preliminary fair value purchase accounting adjustments. For additional information on the company's acquisition of CMW, refer to Note 2, Business Combinations.
Inventories were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
Raw materials and work in process |  | $ | 186,065 |  |  | $ | 112,435 |  |  | $ | 115,280 |
Finished goods and service parts |  | 497,467 |  |  | 349,167 |  |  | 315,179 |
Total FIFO value |  | 683,532 |  |  | 461,602 |  |  | 430,459 |
Less: adjustment to LIFO value |  | 72,201 |  |  | 66,801 |  |  | 72,200 |
Total inventories, net |  | $ | 611,331 |  |  | $ | 394,801 |  |  | $ | 358,259 |

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Note 8 — Property and Depreciation
Property, plant, and equipment assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. The company provides for depreciation of property, plant and equipment utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings and leasehold improvements are generally depreciated over 10 to 40 years, machinery and equipment are generally depreciated over two to 15 years, tooling is generally depreciated over three to five years, and computer hardware and software and web site development costs are generally depreciated over two to five years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements, which substantially increase the useful lives of existing assets, are capitalized, and expenditures for general maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. Interest is capitalized during the construction period for significant capital projects.
On April 1, 2019, with the acquisition of CMW, the company acquired $142.7 million of property, plant, and equipment, based on preliminary fair value purchase accounting adjustments. For additional information on the company's acquisition of CMW, refer to Note 2, Business Combinations.
Property, plant and equipment was as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
Land and land improvements |  | $ | 53,123 |  |  | $ | 38,085 |  |  | $ | 39,607 |
Buildings and leasehold improvements |  | 263,103 |  |  | 195,463 |  |  | 209,686 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 421,927 |  |  | 341,702 |  |  | 349,550 |
Tooling |  | 223,621 |  |  | 204,018 |  |  | 211,756 |
Computer hardware and software |  | 91,353 |  |  | 86,500 |  |  | 83,338 |
Construction in Process |  | 55,851 |  |  | 36,000 |  |  | 35,044 |
Gross property, plant, and equipment |  | 1,108,978 |  |  | 901,768 |  |  | 928,981 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  | 683,597 |  |  | 656,420 |  |  | 657,522 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | 425,381 |  |  | $ | 245,348 |  |  | $ | 271,459 |

Note 9 — Warranty Guarantees
The company’s products are warranted to provide assurance that the product will function as expected and to ensure customer confidence in design, workmanship, and overall quality. Warranty coverage is generally provided for specified periods of time and on select products’ hours of usage, and generally covers parts, labor, and other expenses for non-maintenance repairs. Warranty coverage generally does not cover operator abuse or improper use. An authorized company distributor or dealer must perform warranty work. Distributors and dealers submit claims for warranty reimbursement and are credited for the cost of repairs, labor, and other expenses as long as the repairs meet the company's prescribed standards. Warranty expense is accrued at the time of sale based on the estimated number of products under warranty, historical average costs incurred to service warranty claims, the trend in the historical ratio of claims to sales, the historical length of time between the sale and resulting warranty claim, and other minor factors. Special warranty reserves are also accrued for major rework campaigns. Service support outside of the warranty period is provided by authorized distributors and dealers at the customer's expense. In addition to the standard warranties offered by the company on its products, the company also sells separately priced extended warranty coverage on select products for a prescribed period after the original warranty period expires. For additional information on the contract liabilities associated with the company's separately priced extended warranties, refer to Note 4, Revenue.
The changes in accrued warranties were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Beginning balance |  | $ | 76,745 |  |  | $ | 74,885 |  |  | $ | 76,214 |  |  | $ | 74,155 |
Provisions |  | 17,946 |  |  | 17,219 |  |  | 28,502 |  |  | 27,789 |
Acquisitions |  | 14,272 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,272 |  |  | — |
Claims |  | (11,356 | ) |  | (8,876 | ) |  | (22,171 | ) |  | (18,716 | )
Changes in estimates |  | (1,855 | ) |  | 1,040 |  |  | (1,065 | ) |  | 1,040 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 95,752 |  |  | $ | 84,268 |  |  | $ | 95,752 |  |  | $ | 84,268 |

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Note 10 — Investment in Joint Venture
In fiscal 2009, the company and TCFIF established Red Iron to primarily provide inventory financing to certain distributors and dealers of the company’s products in the U.S. On November 29, 2016, during the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the company entered into amended agreements for its Red Iron joint venture with TCFIF. As a result, the amended term of Red Iron will continue until October 31, 2024, subject to two-year extensions thereafter. Either the company or TCFIF may elect not to extend the amended term, or any subsequent term, by giving one-year written notice to the other party.
The company owns 45 percent of Red Iron and TCFIF owns 55 percent of Red Iron. The company accounts for its investment in Red Iron under the equity method of accounting. The company and TCFIF each contributed a specified amount of the estimated cash required to enable Red Iron to purchase the company’s inventory financing receivables and to provide financial support for Red Iron’s inventory financing programs. Red Iron borrows the remaining requisite estimated cash utilizing a $550 million secured revolving credit facility established under a credit agreement between Red Iron and TCFIF. The company’s total investment in Red Iron as of May 3, 2019 was $30.1 million. The company has not guaranteed the outstanding indebtedness of Red Iron.
The company has agreed to repurchase products repossessed by Red Iron and the TCFIF Canadian affiliate, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $7.5 million in a calendar year. Under the repurchase agreement between Red Iron and the company, Red Iron provides financing for certain dealers and distributors. These transactions are structured as an advance in the form of a payment by Red Iron to the company on behalf of a distributor or dealer with respect to invoices financed by Red Iron. These payments extinguish the obligation of the dealer or distributor to make payment to the company under the terms of the applicable invoice.
Under separate agreements between Red Iron and the dealers and distributors, Red Iron provides loans to the dealers and distributors for the advances paid by Red Iron to the company. The net amount of receivables financed for dealers and distributors under this arrangement for the six months ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018 were $1,031.3 million and $990.4 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2019, Red Iron’s total assets were $600.8 million and total liabilities were $533.9 million.
Note 11 — Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation costs related to stock-based awards were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Stock option awards |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  | $ | 3,163 |  |  | $ | 2,415 |
Restricted stock units |  | 759 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 1,452 |  |  | 1,655 |
Performance share awards |  | 1,014 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 1,818 |  |  | 965 |
Unrestricted common stock awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 592 |  |  | 530 |
Total compensation cost for stock-based awards |  | $ | 3,101 |  |  | $ | 2,441 |  |  | $ | 7,025 |  |  | $ | 5,565 |

During the first six months of fiscal years 2019 and 2018, 10,090 and 8,388 shares, respectively, of fully vested unrestricted common stock awards were granted to certain members of the company's Board of Directors as a component of their compensation for their service on the Board of Directors and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. No shares of fully vested unrestricted common stock awards were granted during the second quarter of fiscal years 2019 and 2018.
Stock Option Awards
Under The Toro Company Amended and Restated 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the "2010 plan"), stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the closing price of the company’s common stock on the date of grant, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange. Options are generally granted to executive officers, other employees, and non-employee members of the company’s Board of Directors on an annual basis in the first quarter of the company’s fiscal year. Options generally vest one-third each year over a three-year period and have a ten-year term. Other options granted to certain employees vest in full on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant and have a ten-year term. Compensation cost equal to the grant date fair value is generally recognized for these awards over the vesting period. Stock options granted to executive officers and other employees are subject to accelerated vesting if the option holder meets the retirement definition set forth in the 2010 plan. In that case, the fair value of the options is expensed in the fiscal year of grant because generally the option holder must be employed as of the end of the fiscal year in which the options are granted in order for the options to continue to vest following retirement. Similarly, if a non-employee director has served on the company’s Board of Directors for ten full fiscal years or more, the awards
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vest immediately upon retirement, and therefore, the fair value of the options granted is fully expensed on the date of the grant.
The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation method with the assumptions noted in the table below. The expected life is a significant assumption as it determines the period for which the risk-free interest rate, stock price volatility, and dividend yield must be applied. The expected life is the average length of time in which executive officers, other employees, and non-employee directors are expected to exercise their stock options, which is primarily based on historical exercise experience. The company groups executive officers and non-employee directors for valuation purposes based on similar historical exercise behavior. Expected stock price volatilities are based on the daily movement of the company’s common stock over the most recent historical period equivalent to the expected life of the option. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury rate over the expected life at the time of grant. Dividend yield is estimated over the expected life based on the company’s historical cash dividends paid, expected future cash dividends and dividend yield, and expected changes in the company’s stock price.
The table below illustrates the weighted-average valuation assumptions for options granted in the following fiscal periods:

|  | Fiscal 2019 |  | Fiscal 2018
Expected life of option in years |  | 6.31 |  | 6.04
Expected stock price volatility |  | 19.84% |  | 20.58%
Risk-free interest rate |  | 2.77% |  | 2.21%
Expected dividend yield |  | 1.18% |  | 0.97%
Per share weighted-average fair value at date of grant |  | $12.82 |  | $14.25

Performance Share Awards
Under the 2010 plan, the company grants performance share awards to executive officers and other employees under which they are entitled to receive shares of the company’s common stock contingent on the achievement of performance goals of the company and businesses of the company, which are generally measured over a three-year period. The number of shares of common stock a participant receives will be increased (up to 2 00 percent of target levels) or reduced (down to zero) based on the level of achievement of performance goals and will vest at the end of a three-year period. Performance share awards are generally granted on an annual basis in the first quarter of the company’s fiscal year. Compensation cost is recognized for these awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the per share fair value as of the date of grant and the probability of achieving each performance goal. The per share weighted-average fair value of performance share awards granted during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018 was $59.58 and $65.40, respectively. No performance share awards were granted during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018.
Restricted Stock Unit Awards
Under the 2010 plan, restricted stock unit awards are generally granted to certain employees that are not executive officers. Occasionally, restricted stock unit awards may be granted, including to executive officers, in connection with hiring, mid-year promotions, leadership transition, or retention. Restricted stock unit awards generally vest one-third each year over a three-year period, or vest in full on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant. Such awards may have performance-based rather than time-based vesting requirements. Compensation cost equal to the grant date fair value, which is equal to the closing price of the company’s common stock on the date of grant multiplied by the number of shares subject to the restricted stock unit awards, is recognized for these awards over the vesting period. The per share weighted-average fair value of restricted stock unit awards granted during the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018 was $64.75 and $65.82, respectively.
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Note 12 — Stockholders’ Equity
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"), net of tax, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | $ | 30,047 |  |  | $ | 19,094 |  |  | $ | 29,711 |
Pension and post-retirement benefits |  | 561 |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 561 |
Cash flow derivative instruments |  | (5,492 | ) |  | (176 | ) |  | (6,335 | )
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | 25,116 |  |  | $ | 20,599 |  |  | $ | 23,937 |

The components and activity of AOCL for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits |  | Cash Flow Hedging Derivative Instruments |  | Total
Balance as of Balance as of February 1, 2019 |  | $ | 26,280 |  |  | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | (2,326 | ) |  | $ | 24,515 |
Other comprehensive (income) loss before reclassifications |  | 3,767 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,812 | ) |  | 1,955 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,354 | ) |  | (1,354 | )
Net current period other comprehensive (income) loss |  | 3,767 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,166 | ) |  | 601 |
Balance as of May 3, 2019 |  | $ | 30,047 |  |  | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | (5,492 | ) |  | $ | 25,116 |

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits |  | Cash Flow Hedging Derivative Instruments |  | Total
Balance as of October 31, 2018 |  | $ | 29,711 |  |  | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | (6,335 | ) |  | $ | 23,937 |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications |  | 336 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,678 |  |  | 4,014 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,835 | ) |  | (2,835 | )
Net current period other comprehensive loss |  | 336 |  |  | — |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1,179 |
Balance as of May 3, 2019 |  | $ | 30,047 |  |  | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | (5,492 | ) |  | $ | 25,116 |

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits |  | Cash Flow Hedging Derivative Instruments |  | Total
Balance as of Balance as of February 2, 2018 |  | $ | 10,162 |  |  | $ | 2,281 |  |  | $ | 3,584 |  |  | $ | 16,027 |
Other comprehensive (income) loss before reclassifications |  | 8,932 |  |  | (184 | ) |  | (7,432 | ) |  | 1,316 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,397 |  |  | 3,397 |
Net current period other comprehensive (income) loss |  | 8,932 |  |  | (184 | ) |  | (4,035 | ) |  | 4,713 |
Reclassification due to the adoption of ASU 2018-02 |  | — |  |  | (416 | ) |  | 275 |  |  | (141 | )
Balance as of May 4, 2018 |  | $ | 19,094 |  |  | $ | 1,681 |  |  | $ | (176 | ) |  | $ | 20,599 |

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(Dollars in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits |  | Cash Flow Hedging Derivative Instruments |  | Total
Balance as of October 31, 2017 |  | $ | 21,303 |  |  | $ | 2,012 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | 24,120 |
Other comprehensive (income) loss before reclassifications |  | (2,209 | ) |  | 85 |  |  | (3,820 | ) |  | (5,944 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCL |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,564 |  |  | 2,564 |
Net current period other comprehensive (income) loss |  | (2,209 | ) |  | 85 |  |  | (1,256 | ) |  | (3,380 | )
Reclassification due to the adoption of ASU 2018-02 |  | — |  |  | (416 | ) |  | 275 |  |  | (141 | )
Balance as of May 4, 2018 |  | $ | 19,094 |  |  | $ | 1,681 |  |  | $ | (176 | ) |  | $ | 20,599 |

For additional information on the components reclassified from AOCL to the respective line items within net earnings for the company's cash flow hedging derivative instruments, refer to Note 15, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Note 13 — Per Share Data
Reconciliations of basic and diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Shares in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock |  | 106,679 |  |  | 106,423 |  |  | 106,445 |  |  | 106,804 |
Assumed issuance of contingent shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 26 |
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock and assumed issuance of contingent shares |  | 106,679 |  |  | 106,423 |  |  | 106,466 |  |  | 106,830 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock and assumed issuance of contingent shares |  | 106,679 |  |  | 106,423 |  |  | 106,466 |  |  | 106,830 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  | 1,328 |  |  | 2,412 |  |  | 1,443 |  |  | 2,523 |
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock, assumed issuance of contingent shares, and effect of dilutive securities |  | 108,007 |  |  | 108,835 |  |  | 107,909 |  |  | 109,353 |

Incremental shares from options and restricted stock units are computed under the treasury stock method. Options to purchase 757,083 and 464,557 shares of common stock during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively, were excluded from diluted net earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. Options to purchase 837,936 and 385,434 shares of common stock during the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively, were excluded from diluted net earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
Note 14 — Contingencies
Litigation
The company is party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are generally subject to uncertainties and to outcomes that are not predictable with assurance and that may not be known for extended periods of time. Litigation occasionally involves claims for punitive, as well as compensatory, damages arising out of the use of the company’s products. Although the company is self-insured to some extent, the company maintains insurance against certain product liability losses. The company is also subject to litigation and administrative and judicial proceedings with respect to claims involving asbestos and the discharge of hazardous substances into the environment. Some of these claims assert damages and liability for personal injury, remedial investigations or clean up and other costs and damages. The company is also typically involved in commercial disputes, employment disputes, and patent litigation cases in which it is asserting or defending against patent infringement claims. To prevent possible infringement of the company’s patents by others, the company periodically reviews competitors’ products. To avoid potential liability with respect to others’ patents, the company regularly reviews certain patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark
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Office and foreign patent offices. Management believes these activities help minimize its risk of being a defendant in patent infringement litigation. The company is currently involved in patent litigation cases, including cases by or against competitors, where it is asserting and defending against claims of patent infringement. Such cases are at varying stages in the litigation process.
The company records a liability in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for costs related to claims, including future legal costs, settlements and judgments, where the company has assessed that a loss is probable and an amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, the company records the most probable estimate of the loss or the minimum amount when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount. The company discloses a contingent liability even if the liability is not probable or the amount is not estimable, or both, if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred. In the opinion of management, the amount of liability, if any, with respect to these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not materially affect its Consolidated Results of Operations, Financial Position, or Cash Flows.
Note 15 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk arising from transactions in the normal course of business, such as sales to third-party customers, sales and loans to wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, foreign plant operations, and purchases from suppliers. The company’s primary currency exchange rate exposures are with the Euro, the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, the Mexican peso, the Japanese yen, the Chinese Renminbi, and the Romanian New Leu against the U.S. dollar, as well as the Romanian New Leu against the Euro.
To reduce its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, the company actively manages the exposure of its foreign currency exchange rate risk by entering into various derivative instruments to hedge against such risk, authorized under company policies that place controls on these hedging activities, with counterparties that are highly rated financial institutions. The company’s policy does not allow the use of derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The company has also made an accounting policy election to use the portfolio exception with respect to measuring counterparty credit risk for derivative instruments, and to measure the fair value of a portfolio of financial assets and financial liabilities on the basis of the net open risk position with each counterparty.
The company’s hedging activities primarily involve the use of forward currency contracts to hedge most foreign currency transactions, including forecasted sales and purchases denominated in foreign currencies. The company uses derivative instruments only in an attempt to limit underlying exposure from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and to minimize earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Decisions on whether to use such derivative instruments are primarily based on the amount of exposure to the currency involved and an assessment of the near-term market value for each currency.
The company recognizes all derivative instruments at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedging instrument.
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
The company formally documents relationships between cash flow hedging instruments and the related hedged transactions, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking cash flow hedging instruments. This process includes linking all cash flow hedging instruments to the forecasted transactions, such as sales to third parties, foreign plant operations, and purchases from suppliers. At the cash flow hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, the company formally assesses whether the cash flow hedging instruments have been highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged transactions and whether those cash flow hedging instruments may be expected to remain highly effective in future periods.
Changes in the fair values of the spot rate component of outstanding, highly effective cash flow hedging instruments included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recorded in other comprehensive income within AOCL on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are subsequently reclassified to net earnings within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the same period in which the cash flows of the underlying hedged transaction affect net earnings. Changes in the fair values of hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized immediately in net earnings under the mark-to-market approach. The classification of gains or losses recognized on cash flow hedging instruments and excluded components within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings is the same as that of the underlying exposure. Results of cash flow hedging instruments, and the related excluded components, of sales and foreign plant operations are recorded in net sales and cost
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of sales, respectively. The maximum amount of time the company hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted trade sales and purchases is two years. Results of cash flow hedges of intercompany loans are recorded in other income, net as an offset to the remeasurement of the foreign loan balance.
When it is determined that a derivative instrument is not, or has ceased to be, highly effective as a cash flow hedge, the company discontinues cash flow hedge accounting prospectively. The gain or loss on the dedesignated derivative instrument remains in AOCL and is reclassified to net earnings within the same Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings line item as the underlying exposure when the forecasted transaction affects net earnings. When the company discontinues cash flow hedge accounting because it is no longer probable, but it is still reasonably possible that the forecasted transaction will occur by the end of the originally expected period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument remains in AOCL and is reclassified to net earnings within the same Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings line item as the underlying exposure when the forecasted transaction affects net earnings. However, if it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter, the gains and losses that were in AOCL are immediately recognized in net earnings within other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In all situations in which cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative instrument remains outstanding, the company carries the derivative instrument at its fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, recognizing future changes in the fair value within other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
As of May 3, 2019, the notional amount outstanding of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments was $255.2 million.
Derivatives Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
The company also enters into foreign currency contracts that include forward currency contracts to mitigate the remeasurement of specific assets and liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These contracts are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of hedges of recorded balance sheet positions, such as cash, receivables, payables, intercompany notes, and other various contractual claims to pay or receive foreign currencies other than the functional currency, are recognized immediately in other income, net, on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings together with the transaction gain or loss from the hedged balance sheet position.
The following table presents the fair value and location of the company’s derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 8,980 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 8,596 |
Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | 3,881 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 2,305 |
Total assets |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 10,901 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | 3 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 13 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | 13 |

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The company entered into an International Swap Dealers Association ("ISDA") Master Agreement with each counterparty that permits the net settlement of amounts owed under their respective contracts. The ISDA Master Agreement is an industry standardized contract that governs all derivative contracts entered into between the company and the respective counterparty. Under these master netting agreements, net settlement generally permits the company or the counterparty to determine the net amount payable or receivable for contracts due on the same date or in the same currency for similar types of derivative transactions. The company records the fair value of its derivative instruments at the net amount in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table shows the effects of the master netting arrangements on the fair value of the company’s derivative instruments that are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | October 31, 2018
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | 1,343 |  |  | $ | 10,901 |
Gross liabilities offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | — |  |  | (130 | ) |  | — |
Net amounts of assets presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 10,901 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (1,726 | ) |  | $ | (13 | )
Gross assets offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | — |  |  | 221 |  |  | — |
Net amounts of liabilities presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (1,505 | ) |  | $ | (13 | )

The following table presents the impact and location of the amounts reclassified from AOCL into net earnings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and the impact of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the company's derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments for the three and six months ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended
|  | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  | $ | (2,026 | ) |  | $ | 2,766 |  |  | $ | 4,143 |
Cost of sales |  | 114 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 400 |  |  | (108 | )
Total derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | (1,731 | ) |  | $ | 3,166 |  |  | $ | 4,035 |

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|  | Six Months Ended
|  | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCL into Earnings |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 2,478 |  |  | $ | (3,037 | ) |  | $ | (715 | ) |  | $ | 1,465 |
Cost of sales |  | 357 |  |  | 473 |  |  | (128 | ) |  | (209 | )
Total derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments |  | $ | 2,835 |  |  | $ | (2,564 | ) |  | $ | (843 | ) |  | $ | 1,256 |

For the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2019, the company did not discontinue cash flow hedge accounting on any forward currency contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments. The company recognized immaterial gains within other income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the second quarter and first six months of fiscal 2018 due to the discontinuance of cash flow hedge accounting on certain forward currency contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments. As of May 3, 2019, the company expects to reclassify approximately $5.2 million of gains from AOCL to earnings during the next twelve months.
The following tables present the impact and location of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments and the related components excluded from effectiveness testing:

|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Three Months Ended |  | Net Sales |  | Cost of Sales |  | Net Sales |  | Cost of Sales
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings income (expense) amounts in which the effects of cash flow hedging instruments are recorded |  | $ | 962,036 |  |  | $ | (640,738 | ) |  | $ | 875,280 |  |  | $ | (551,224 | )
Gain (loss) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCL into earnings |  | 1,240 |  |  | 114 |  |  | (2,026 | ) |  | 295 |
Gain (loss) on components excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on changes in fair value |  | $ | 1,094 |  |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | (93 | )
|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Six Months Ended |  | Net Sales |  | Cost of Sales |  | Net Sales |  | Cost of Sales
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings income (expense) amounts in which the effects of cash flow hedging instruments are recorded |  | $ | 1,564,992 |  |  | $ | (1,028,077 | ) |  | $ | 1,423,526 |  |  | $ | (895,231 | )
Gain (loss) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCL into earnings |  | 2,478 |  |  | 357 |  |  | (3,037 | ) |  | 473 |
Gain (loss) on components excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on changes in fair value |  | $ | 2,317 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (101 | ) |  | $ | (118 | )

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The following table presents the impact and location of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the company’s derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Gain (loss) on derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net |  | $ | 1,790 |  |  | $ | 1,200 |  |  | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | (616 | )
Total gain (loss) on derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging instruments |  | $ | 1,790 |  |  | $ | 1,200 |  |  | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | (616 | )

Note 16 — Fair Value Measurements
The company categorizes its assets and liabilities into one of three levels based on the assumptions (inputs) used in valuing the asset or liability. Estimates of fair value for financial assets and financial liabilities are based on the framework established in the accounting guidance for fair value measurements. The framework defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value, and requires certain disclosures. The framework discusses valuation techniques such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flows), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The framework utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, while Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The company's derivative instruments consist of forward currency contracts that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of forward currency contracts is determined based on observable market transactions of forward currency prices and spot currency rates as of the reporting date. There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three and six months ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018, or the twelve months ended October 31, 2018.
The following tables present, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the company's financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of May 3, 2019, May 4, 2018, and October 31, 2018, according to the valuation technique utilized to determine their fair values:

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as:
May 3, 2019 |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,861 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |

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(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as:
May 4, 2018 |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | — |

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as:
October 31, 2018 |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 10,901 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,901 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 10,901 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,901 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency contracts |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
The company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include long-lived assets, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which would generally be recorded at fair value as a result of an impairment charge. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of business combinations are measured at fair value. For additional information on the company's business combinations and the related non-recurring fair value measurement of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, refer to Note 2, Business Combinations.
Other Fair Value Disclosures
The carrying values of the company's short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt, when applicable, approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.
Note 17 — Subsequent Events
The company has evaluated all subsequent events and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the comparisons presented in this MD&A refer to the same period in the prior fiscal year. Our MD&A is presented as follows:
•Company Overview
•Results of Operations
•Business Segments
•Financial Position
•Non-GAAP Financial Measures
•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
•Forward-Looking Information
We have provided non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), as information supplemental and in addition to the financial measures presented in this report that are calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Management believes these measures may be useful in performing meaningful comparisons of past and present operating results, to understand the performance of our ongoing operations, and how management views the business. Reconciliations of adjusted non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable reported GAAP financial measures are included in the section titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within this MD&A. These measures, however, should not be construed as an alternative to any other measure of performance determined in accordance with GAAP.
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the MD&A included in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018. This discussion contains various "Forward-Looking Statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and we refer readers to the section titled "Forward-Looking Information" located at the end of Part I, Item 2 of this report for more information.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
The Toro Company ("Toro") is in the business of designing, manufacturing, and marketing professional turf maintenance equipment and services, turf irrigation systems, landscaping equipment and lighting products, snow and ice management products, agricultural irrigation systems, rental, specialty and underground construction equipment, and residential yard and snow thrower products. We sell our products worldwide through a network of distributors, dealers, mass retailers, hardware retailers, equipment rental centers, home centers, as well as online (direct to end-users). We strive to provide innovative, well-built, and dependable products supported by an extensive service network. A significant portion of our net sales has historically been, and we expect will continue to be, attributable to new and enhanced products. We define new products as those introduced in the current and previous two fiscal years.
We classify our operations into two reportable business segments: Professional and Residential. Our remaining activities are presented as "Other" due to their insignificance. These Other activities consist of earnings (loss) from our wholly-owned domestic distribution companies, corporate activities, and the elimination of intersegment revenues and expenses.
On April 1, 2019 ("closing date"), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated February 14, 2019 ("merger agreement"), we completed our acquisition of The Charles Machine Works, Inc. ("CMW"), a privately held Oklahoma corporation. CMW designs, manufactures, and sells a range of professional products to serve the underground construction market, including horizontal directional drills, walk and ride trenchers, utility loaders, vacuum excavators, asset locators, pipe rehabilitation solutions, and after-market tools. CMW provides innovative product offerings that broaden and strengthen our Professional segment product portfolio and expands our dealer network, while also providing a complementary geographic manufacturing footprint. The transaction was structured as a merger, pursuant to which a wholly-owned subsidiary of Toro merged with and into CMW, with CMW continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Toro. As a result of the merger, all of the outstanding equity securities of CMW were canceled and now only represent the right to receive the applicable consideration as described in the merger agreement. The preliminary aggregate merger consideration was $679.6 million ("purchase price"), and remains subject to customary adjustments based on, among other things, the amount of actual cash, debt and working capital in the business of CMW at the closing date. Such customary adjustments are expected to be completed during fiscal 2019. We funded the preliminary purchase price for the acquisition by using a combination of cash proceeds from the issuance of borrowings under our unsecured senior term loan credit agreement and borrowings from our unsecured senior revolving credit facility. For additional information
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regarding the acquisition and the financing agreements utilized to fund the purchase price, refer to Note 2, Business Combinations, and Note 6, Indebtedness, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part 1. Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
Our net sales increased 9.9 percent, for the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019, as compared to the same periods of fiscal 2018.
Professional segment net sales increased 9.6 percent for the second quarter comparison, primarily due to incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, and continued growth in our landscape contractor, Toro-branded rental and specialty construction, and snow and ice management businesses, partially offset by fewer shipments of our golf and grounds equipment and irrigation products. Professional segment net sales increased 10.8 percent for the year-to-date comparison, primarily driven by incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, and continued growth in our landscape contractor and snow and ice management businesses, partially offset by fewer shipments of our irrigation and ag-irrigation products.
Residential segment net sales increased 9.4 percent for the second quarter comparison, mainly due to the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, strong retail demand for our walk power mowers, snow products, and portable power products and increased shipments of zero-turn riding mowers, partially offset by reduced shipments of our Pope-branded irrigation products. Residential segment net sales increased 6.4 percent for the year-to-date comparison, primarily due to strong retail demand for our walk power mowers and snow products, partially offset by reduced shipments of our Pope-branded irrigation products.
Net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $115.6 million compared to $131.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2018. The decrease was primarily due to our acquisition of CMW resulting in integration and acquisition-related expenditures and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments. Net earnings for the first six months of fiscal 2019 were $175.1 million compared to reported net earnings of $153.9 million in the comparable fiscal 2018 period. This increase was primarily due to the one-time impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act") during the first six months of fiscal 2018, partially offset by integration and acquisition-related expenditures and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments, each as a result of our acquisition of CMW.
Adjusted non-GAAP net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $126.0 million compared to $130.3 million for the prior year comparative period, a decrease of 3.3 percent. The decrease was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts and unfavorable product mix, partially offset by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, and lower direct marketing and warranty expense. Adjusted non-GAAP net earnings for the first six months of fiscal 2019 were $182.7 million compared to adjusted non-GAAP net earnings of $182.4 million in the comparable fiscal 2018 period, an increase of 0.1 percent. The increase for the year-to-date period comparison was primarily driven by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, and lower direct marketing and warranty expense. These increases were partially offset by the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts and unfavorable product mix. Reconciliations of adjusted non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable reported GAAP financial measures are included in the section titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within this MD&A.
We increased our cash dividend for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 by 12.5 percent to $0.225 per share compared to the $0.20 per share cash dividend paid in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Inventory levels increased $216.5 million, or 54.8 percent, as of the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to $243.7 million of inventories acquired as part of the CMW acquisition on April 1, 2019 and higher work in process inventory, partially offset by lower finished goods inventory. Higher work in process inventory and lower finished goods inventory were both due to supply chain challenges and inclement weather resulting in production downtime. Accounts receivable increased $99.0 million, or 30.0 percent, primarily due to $65.6 million of receivables acquired as part of the CMW acquisition and timing of sales across the Professional and Residential segments near quarter end, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency exchange rates. As of the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2019, field inventory levels were higher than the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2018, primarily due to our acquisition of CMW, higher Professional segment field inventory for our landscape contractor zero-turn riding mowers driven by strong channel and retail demand in anticipation of the upcoming turf season, and higher Residential segment walk power mower inventory driven by strong channel demand, partially offset by lower Professional segment
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golf and grounds equipment inventory due to production delays caused by supply chain challenges and inclement weather, and lower Residential segment snow product inventory driven by strong retail demand due to higher snowfall totals in key regions.
Three-Year Employee Initiative - "Vision 2020"
Our current multi-year employee initiative, "Vision 2020", which began with our 2018 fiscal year, focuses on driving profitable growth with an emphasis on innovation and serving our customers, which we believe will generate further momentum for the organization. Through our Vision 2020 initiative, we have set specific internal goals intended to help us drive organic revenue and operating earnings growth.
Organic Revenue Growth
We intend to pursue strategic growth of our existing businesses and product categories with an organic revenue goal to achieve at least five percent or more of organic revenue growth in each of the three fiscal years of this initiative. For purposes of this goal, we define organic revenue growth as the increase in net sales, less net sales from acquisitions that occurred in the current fiscal year.
Operating Earnings
Additionally, as part of our Vision 2020 initiative growth goals, we have set an operating earnings goal to increase operating earnings as a percentage of net sales to 15.5 percent or higher by the end of fiscal 2020.
Net Sales
Worldwide consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $962.0 million, up 9.9 percent compared to $875.3 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. The net sales increase for the quarter comparison was primarily driven by incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, strong retail demand for our Residential segment walk power mowers, snow products, and portable power products, continued growth in our Professional segment landscape contractor, Toro-branded rental and specialty construction, and snow and ice management businesses driven by channel and retail demand, and increased shipments of our Residential segment zero-turn riding mowers. These net sales increases were partially offset by fewer shipments of our golf and grounds equipment due to unfavorable spring weather conditions and production delays caused by supply chain challenges, as well as decreased sales of irrigation products due to unfavorable weather conditions in key regions.
For the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019, worldwide consolidated net sales were $1,565.0 million, up 9.9 percent from the same period in the prior fiscal year. The year-to-date net sales increase was primarily driven by incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, continued growth in our Professional segment landscape contractor and snow and ice management businesses driven by channel and retail demand, and strong retail demand for our walk power mowers and snow products. These net sales increases were partially offset by fewer shipments of our irrigation and ag-irrigation products due to unfavorable weather conditions in key regions.
Net sales in international markets increased by 5.8 percent and 1.9 percent for the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates resulted in a decrease of our net sales of approximately $7.6 million and $10.6 million for the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019. The net sales increase for the quarter comparison was mainly driven by incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW and increased shipments of our golf and grounds equipment, partially offset by lower sales of Pope-branded irrigation products due to unfavorable weather in key regions. The net sales increase for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, increased shipments of our golf and grounds equipment, and higher sales of Residential segment walk power mowers driven by strong retail demand, partially offset by lower sales of Pope-branded irrigation products due to unfavorable weather in key regions and fewer shipments of Residential segment zero-turn riding mowers.
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The following table summarizes the major operating costs and other income as a percentage of net sales:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  | (66.6 | ) |  | (63.0 | ) |  | (65.7 | ) |  | (62.9 | )
Gross profit |  | 33.4 |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 37.1 |
Selling, general and administrative expense |  | (19.1 | ) |  | (17.5 | ) |  | (21.0 | ) |  | (20.4 | )
Operating earnings |  | 14.3 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 16.7 |
Interest expense |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.7 | )
Other income, net |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.5 |
Provision for income taxes |  | (2.3 | ) |  | (4.3 | ) |  | (2.0 | ) |  | (5.7 | )
Net earnings |  | 12.0 | % |  | 15.0 | % |  | 11.2 | % |  | 10.8 | %

Gross Profit
As a percentage of net sales, gross profit for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was 33.4 percent, a decrease of 360 basis points when compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the fiscal 2019 year-to-date period was 34.3 percent, a decrease of 280 basis points when compared with the prior fiscal year comparative period. The decreases for the second quarter and year-to-date comparisons were primarily due to the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts, amortization of purchase accounting adjustments related to our acquisition of CMW, unfavorable product mix, supply chain challenges and inclement weather resulting in manufacturing inefficiencies, increased freight costs, and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These decreases were partially offset by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, as well as productivity initiatives.
Adjusted non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of net sales excludes the amortization of certain purchase accounting adjustments resulting from our acquisition of CMW, including the inventory fair value step-up amount and backlog intangible asset. Adjusted non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 34.4 percent for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to 37.0 percent for the second quarter of fiscal 2018, a decrease of 260 basis points. Adjusted non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 34.9 percent for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 compared to 37.1 percent for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2018, a decrease of 220 basis points. This decrease was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts, unfavorable product mix, supply chain challenges and inclement weather resulting in manufacturing inefficiencies, increased freight costs, and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These decreases were partially offset by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, as well as productivity initiatives.
Reconciliations of adjusted non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable reported GAAP financial measures are included in the section titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within this MD&A.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense
SG&A expense increased $29.8 million, or 19.4 percent, for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and increased $38.0 million, or 13.1 percent, for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expense increased 160 basis points for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and increased 60 basis points for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019. The increases as a percentage of net sales for the second quarter and year-to-date comparisons were primarily due to our acquisition of CMW resulting in incremental integration and acquisition-related expenditures and driving higher administrative, indirect sales and marketing, intangible asset amortization, and engineering expense, partially offset by lower direct marketing and warranty expense.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $2.0 million and $1.9 million for the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019, respectively. These increases were primarily driven by interest expense incurred on higher outstanding borrowings resulting from the issuance and funding of our term loan credit agreement and amounts drawn on our revolving credit facility, each to fund the purchase price for our acquisition of CMW.
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Other Income, Net
Other income, net for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 increased $2.5 million when compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Other income, net for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 increased $3.0 million when compared to the year-to-date period of fiscal 2018. These increases were primarily due to decreased costs incurred for litigation settlements, higher interest income on marketable securities, increased gains realized on foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and higher earnings from our equity investment in Red Iron.
Provision for Income Taxes
The effective tax rate for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was 15.8 percent compared to 22.4 percent in the second quarter of 2018. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the quarter comparison was primarily driven by the benefit from the excess tax deduction for share-based compensation and the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from a blended 23.3 percent in fiscal 2018 to 21.0 percent in fiscal 2019 under the Tax Act. The effective tax rate for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 was 15.5 percent compared to 34.7 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. The fiscal 2018 effective tax rate was significantly impacted by the enactment of the Tax Act for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2018, including the provisional remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which resulted in a non-cash discrete tax charge of $20.5 million, and the provisional calculation of the deemed repatriation tax, which resulted in a discrete tax charge of $12.6 million, payable over eight years. In addition to these one-time charges resulting from the Tax Act, the decrease in the effective tax rate was driven by a $5.7 million year-over-year increase in the benefit of the excess tax deduction for share-based compensation and the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from a blended 23.3 percent in fiscal 2018 to 21.0 percent in fiscal 2019.
The adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate excludes integration and acquisition-related expenditures and certain purchase accounting adjustments related to our acquisition of CMW, the tax benefit related to the excess tax deduction for share-based compensation, and one-time charges incurred under the Tax Act. The adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was 19.9 percent, compared to an adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate of 23.0 percent in the same period last year. The adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 was 20.2 percent, compared to an adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate of 22.6 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. The decreases in the adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate for the second quarter and year-to-date comparisons were driven by the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from a blended 23.3 percent in fiscal 2018 to 21.0 percent in fiscal 2019 and the impact of the inclusion of CMW within the consolidated effective tax rate.
Reconciliations of adjusted non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable reported GAAP financial measures are included in the section titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within this MD&A.
Net Earnings
Net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $115.6 million, or $1.07 per diluted share, compared to $131.3 million, or $1.21 per diluted share, for the second quarter of fiscal 2018. The decrease in net earnings for the quarter comparison was primarily due to integration and acquisition-related expenditures and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments resulting from our acquisition of CMW, the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts, and unfavorable product mix, partially offset by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, the year-over-year increase in the benefit of the excess tax deduction for share-based compensation, and the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate. Year-to-date net earnings in fiscal 2019 were $175.1 million, or $1.62 per diluted share, compared to $153.9 million, or $1.41 per diluted share, in the prior year comparative period. The increase in net earnings for the year-to-date period comparison was primarily due to the significant impact of the Tax Act on net earnings for the first six months of fiscal 2018, improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, the year-over-year increase in the benefit of the excess tax deduction for share-based compensation, and the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate. These increases were partially offset by integration and acquisition-related expenditures and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments resulting from our acquisition of CMW, the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts, and unfavorable product mix.
Adjusted non-GAAP net earnings excludes integration and acquisition-related expenditures and certain purchase accounting adjustments related to our acquisition of CMW, the tax benefit for the excess tax deduction for share-based compensation, and one-time charges incurred under the Tax Act. Adjusted non-GAAP net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $126.0 million, or $1.17 per diluted share, compared to $130.3 million, or $1.20 per diluted share, for the second quarter of fiscal 2018, a decrease of 2.5 percent per diluted share. The primary factors contributing to the adjusted non-GAAP net earnings decrease for the second quarter comparison included the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts, and unfavorable product mix, partially offset by improved net price realization as
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a result of price increases across our product lines, the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, and lower direct marketing and warranty expense. Adjusted non-GAAP net earnings for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 were $182.7 million, or $1.69 per diluted share, compared to $182.4 million, or $1.68 per diluted share, for the prior year comparable period, an increase of 0.6 percent per diluted share. The increase for the year-to-date period comparison was primarily driven by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, and lower direct marketing and warranty expense. These increases were partially offset by the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts, and unfavorable product mix.
Reconciliations of adjusted non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable reported GAAP financial measures are included in the section titled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" within this MD&A.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We operate in two reportable business segments: Professional and Residential. Segment earnings for our Professional and Residential segments are defined as earnings from operations plus other income, net. Our remaining activities are presented as "Other" due to their insignificance. Operating loss for our Other activities includes earnings (loss) from our wholly-owned domestic distribution companies, corporate activities, other income, and interest expense. Corporate activities include general corporate expenditures (finance, human resources, legal, information services, public relations, and similar activities) and other unallocated corporate assets and liabilities, such as corporate facilities and deferred tax assets and liabilities.
The following table summarizes net sales for our reportable business segments and Other activities:

|  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Professional |  | $ | 723,506 |  |  | $ | 660,373 |  |  | $ | 63,133 |  |  | 9.6 | %
Residential |  | 232,147 |  |  | 212,169 |  |  | 19,978 |  |  | 9.4 |
Other |  | 6,383 |  |  | 2,738 |  |  | 3,645 |  |  | 133.1 |
Total net sales* |  | $ | 962,036 |  |  | $ | 875,280 |  |  | $ | 86,756 |  |  | 9.9 | %
*Includes international net sales of: |  | $ | 219,077 |  |  | $ | 207,079 |  |  | $ | 11,998 |  |  | 5.8 | %
|  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Professional |  | $ | 1,178,512 |  |  | $ | 1,064,042 |  |  | $ | 114,470 |  |  | 10.8 | %
Residential |  | 377,305 |  |  | 354,676 |  |  | 22,629 |  |  | 6.4 |
Other |  | 9,175 |  |  | 4,808 |  |  | 4,367 |  |  | 90.8 |
Total net sales* |  | $ | 1,564,992 |  |  | $ | 1,423,526 |  |  | $ | 141,466 |  |  | 9.9 | %
*Includes international net sales of: |  | $ | 360,622 |  |  | $ | 353,869 |  |  | $ | 6,753 |  |  | 1.9 | %

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The following table summarizes segment earnings for our reportable business segments and operating (loss) for our Other activities:

|  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Professional |  | $ | 150,119 |  |  | $ | 164,979 |  |  | $ | (14,860 | ) |  | (9.0 | )%
Residential |  | 22,030 |  |  | 26,304 |  |  | (4,274 | ) |  | (16.2 | )
Other |  | (34,969 | ) |  | (22,117 | ) |  | (12,852 | ) |  | (58.1 | )
Total segment earnings |  | $ | 137,180 |  |  | $ | 169,166 |  |  | $ | (31,986 | ) |  | (18.9 | )%
|  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Professional |  | $ | 238,097 |  |  | $ | 240,891 |  |  | $ | (2,794 | ) |  | (1.2 | )%
Residential |  | 35,102 |  |  | 42,017 |  |  | (6,915 | ) |  | (16.5 | )
Other |  | (65,999 | ) |  | (47,357 | ) |  | (18,642 | ) |  | (39.4 | )
Total segment earnings |  | $ | 207,200 |  |  | $ | 235,551 |  |  | $ | (28,351 | ) |  | (12.0 | )%

Professional Segment
Segment Net Sales
Worldwide net sales for our Professional segment increased 9.6 percent and 10.8 percent for the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019, respectively. The Professional segment net sales increase for the second quarter comparison was primarily driven by incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, and continued growth in our landscape contractor, Toro-branded rental and specialty construction, and snow and ice management businesses driven by channel and retail demand. These net sales increases were partially offset by fewer shipments of our golf and grounds equipment due to unfavorable spring weather conditions and production delays caused by supply chain challenges and inclement weather, as well as decreased sales of irrigation products due to unfavorable weather conditions in key regions.
Professional segment net sales growth for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019 was largely due to incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of CMW, the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, and continued growth in our landscape contractor and snow and ice management businesses driven by channel and retail demand. These net sales increases were partially offset by fewer shipments of our irrigation and ag-irrigation products due to unfavorable weather conditions in key regions.
Segment Earnings
Professional segment earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 decreased by 9.0 percent compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2018 and decreased to 20.7 percent from 25.0 percent when expressed as a percentage of net sales for the quarter comparison. For the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019, Professional segment earnings decreased by 1.2 percent compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year and decreased to 20.2 percent from 22.6 percent when expressed as a percentage of net sales for the year-to-date period comparison. As a percentage of net sales, the Professional segment earnings decreases for the second quarter and year-to-date comparisons were primarily due to the unfavorable impact of commodity cost increases and tariff-related expenses on purchased raw materials and component parts; the impact of our acquisition of CMW resulting in the amortization of purchase accounting adjustments of $9.5 million and higher administrative, indirect sales and marketing, intangible asset amortization, and engineering expense; unfavorable product mix; supply chain challenges and inclement weather resulting in manufacturing inefficiencies; increased freight costs, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These decreases were partially offset by improved net price realization driven by price increases across our product lines, productivity initiatives, and lower direct marketing and warranty expense.
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Residential Segment
Segment Net Sales
Worldwide net sales for our Residential segment for the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019 increased 9.4 percent and 6.4 percent, respectively, compared to the prior fiscal year periods. The Residential segment net sales increase for the second quarter comparison was primarily driven by the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, strong retail demand for our walk power mowers, snow products, and portable power products, and increased shipments of our zero-turn riding mowers. These net sales increases were partially offset by reduced shipments of our Pope-branded irrigation products due to unfavorable weather conditions in key regions.
The Residential segment net sales increase for the year-to-date comparison was primarily driven by the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines and strong retail demand for our walk power mowers and snow products. These net sales increases were partially offset by reduced shipments of our Pope-branded irrigation products due to unfavorable weather conditions in key regions.
Segment Earnings
Residential segment earnings for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 decreased 16.2 percent compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2018, and when expressed as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 9.5 percent from 12.4 percent. As a percentage of net sales, the Residential segment earnings decrease was mainly due to the unfavorable impact of commodity costs and tariff-related expenses on purchased components and raw materials, unfavorable product mix, higher freight costs, increased warranty expense, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These decreases were partially offset by the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, productivity initiatives, and decreased warehousing costs.
For the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019, Residential segment earnings decreased 16.5 percent compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, and when expressed as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 9.3 percent from 11.8 percent. As a percentage of net sales, the Residential segment earnings decrease was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of commodity costs and tariff-related expenses on purchased components and raw materials, unfavorable product mix, higher freight costs, increased warranty expense, and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These decreases were partially offset by the year-over-year impact of price increases across our product lines, productivity initiatives, and decreased warehousing and advertising costs.
Other Activities
Other Net Sales
Net sales for our Other activities include sales from our wholly-owned domestic distribution companies less sales from the Professional and Residential segments to the distribution companies. Net sales for our Other activities in the second quarter and year-to-date periods of fiscal 2019 increased by $3.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively, mainly due to increased sales of our golf and grounds equipment through our wholly-owned domestic distribution companies, which were partially driven by incremental sales as a result of our acquisition of a Northeastern U.S. distribution company.
Other Operating Loss
The operating loss for our Other activities increased $12.9 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to $10.6 million of integration and transaction costs related to our acquisition of CMW, interest expense incurred on higher outstanding borrowings resulting from the issuance and funding of our term loan credit agreement and amounts drawn on our revolving credit facility, each to fund the purchase price for our acquisition of CMW, and higher incentive compensation expense. These increases were partially offset by incremental earnings as a result of our acquisition of a Northeastern U.S. distribution company.
The Other segment loss increased $18.6 million for the year-to-date period of fiscal 2019, primarily due to $12.2 million of integration and transaction costs related to our acquisition of CMW, higher incentive compensation expense, and interest expense incurred on higher outstanding borrowings resulting from the issuance and funding of our term loan credit agreement and amounts drawn on our revolving credit facility, each to fund the purchase price for our acquisition of CMW. These increases were partially offset by higher interest income on marketable securities and higher earnings from our equity investment in Red Iron.
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FINANCIAL POSITION
Working Capital
Our strategy continues to place emphasis on improving asset utilization with a focus on reducing the amount of working capital in the supply chain, adjusting production plans, and maintaining or improving order replenishment and service levels to end-users. Inventory levels were up $216.5 million, or 54.8 percent, as of the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2018, primarily due to $243.7 million of inventories acquired as part of the CMW acquisition on April 1, 2019 and higher work in process inventory, partially offset by lower finished goods inventory. Higher work in process inventory and lower finished goods inventory were both due to supply chain challenges and inclement weather resulting in production downtime. Accounts receivable as of the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2019 increased $99.0 million, or 30.0 percent, compared to the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2018, primarily due to $65.6 million of receivables acquired as part of the CMW acquisition and timing of sales across the Professional and Residential segments near quarter end, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency exchange rates. Accounts payable increased $87.8 million, or 28.9 percent, as of the end of our second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2018, mainly due to negotiating more favorable payment terms with suppliers as a component of our working capital initiatives and the assumption of $36.6 million of accounts payable as part of our acquisition of CMW.
Cash Flow
Cash provided by operating activities for the first six months of fiscal 2019 increased $25.6 million compared to the first six months of fiscal 2018, primarily due to higher net earnings and lower inventory levels due to inclement weather and supply chain challenges resulting in production downtime, partially offset by a lower year-over-year benefit of extending accounts payable terms with suppliers as a component of our working capital initiatives. Cash used in investing activities increased $658.6 million during the first six months of fiscal 2019 compared to the first six months of fiscal 2018, primarily due to cash utilized for the acquisition of CMW and a Northeastern U.S. distribution company. Cash provided by financing activities for the first six months of fiscal 2019 increased $630.4 million compared to cash used in financing activities for the first six months of fiscal 2018, mainly due to cash provided by borrowings under of our term loan credit agreement and amounts drawn on our revolving credit facility to fund the purchase price for our acquisition of CMW and reduced cash utilized for common stock repurchases to facilitate our focus on repayment of outstanding indebtedness, partially offset by more cash utilized for repayments of amounts drawn on our revolving credit facility.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our businesses are seasonally working capital intensive and require funding for purchases of raw materials used in production, replacement parts inventory, payroll and other administrative costs, capital expenditures, establishment of new facilities, expansion and renovation of existing facilities, as well as for financing receivables from customers that are not financed with Red Iron or other third-party financial institutions. Our accounts receivable balances historically increase between January and April as a result of typically higher sales volumes and extended payment terms made available to our customers, and typically decrease between May and December when payments are received. We believe that the funds available through existing, and potential future, financing arrangements and forecasted cash flows will be sufficient to provide the necessary capital resources for our anticipated working capital needs, capital expenditures, investments, debt repayments, quarterly cash dividend payments, and common stock repurchases, all as applicable, for at least the next twelve months. As of May 3, 2019, cash and short-term investments held by our foreign subsidiaries were approximately $105.2 million.
Seasonal cash requirements are financed from operations, cash on hand, and with borrowings under our $600.0 million unsecured senior five-year revolving credit facility that expires in June 2023, as applicable. Included in our $600.0 million revolving credit facility is a $10.0 million sublimit for standby letters of credit and a $30.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. At our election, and with the approval of the named borrowers on the revolving credit facility and the election of the lenders to fund such increase, the aggregate maximum principal amount available under the facility may be increased by an amount up to $300.0 million. Funds are available under the revolving credit facility for working capital, capital expenditures, and other lawful corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, acquisitions and common stock repurchases, subject in each case to compliance with certain financial covenants described below.
Outstanding loans under the revolving credit facility (other than swingline loans), if applicable, bear interest at a variable rate generally based on LIBOR or an alternative variable rate based on the highest of the Bank of America prime rate, the federal funds rate or a rate generally based on LIBOR, in each case subject to an additional basis point spread that is calculated based on the better of the leverage ratio (as measured quarterly and defined as the ratio of total indebtedness to consolidated earnings before interest and taxes plus depreciation and amortization expense) and debt rating of Toro. Swingline loans under the revolving credit
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facility bear interest at a rate determined by the swingline lender or an alternative variable rate based on the highest of the Bank of America prime rate, the federal funds rate or a rate generally based on LIBOR, in each case subject to an additional basis point spread that is calculated based on the better of the leverage ratio and debt rating of Toro. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. Our debt rating for long-term unsecured senior, non-credit enhanced debt was unchanged during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 by Standard and Poor's Ratings Group at BBB and by Moody's Investors Service at Baa3. If our debt rating falls below investment grade and/or our leverage ratio rises above 1.50, the basis point spread we currently pay on outstanding debt under the revolving credit facility would increase. However, the credit commitment could not be canceled by the banks based solely on a ratings downgrade. For the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019, we made interest payments of approximately $1.8 million and $1.0 million on the outstanding borrowings of the revolving credit facility. We did not incur interest expense on the revolving credit facility that was in place during the three and six months ended May 4, 2018, as the company had no borrowings under the facility that was in place at that time.
Our revolving credit facility contains customary covenants, including, without limitation, financial covenants, such as the maintenance of minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios; and negative covenants, which among other things, limit disposition of assets, consolidations and mergers, restricted payments, liens, and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. Most of these restrictions are subject to certain minimum thresholds and exceptions. Under the revolving credit facility, we are not limited in the amount for payments of cash dividends and common stock repurchases as long as, both before and after giving pro forma effect to such payments, our leverage ratio from the previous quarter compliance certificate is less than or equal to 3.5 (or, at our option (which we may exercise twice during the term of the facility) after certain acquisitions with aggregate consideration in excess of $75.0 million, for the first four quarters following the exercise of such option, is less than or equal to 4.0), provided that immediately after giving effect of any such proposed action, no default or event of default would exist. As of May 3, 2019, we were not limited in the amount for payments of cash dividends and common stock repurchases. We were in compliance with all covenants related to the credit agreement for our revolving credit facility as of May 3, 2019, and we expect to be in compliance with all covenants during the remainder of fiscal 2019. If we were out of compliance with any covenant required by this credit agreement following the applicable cure period, the banks could terminate their commitments unless we could negotiate a covenant waiver from the banks. In addition, our long-term senior notes, debentures, term loan facilities, and any amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility could become due and payable if we were unable to obtain a covenant waiver or refinance our borrowings under our credit agreement.
In March 2019, we entered into a term loan credit agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions for the purpose of partially funding the purchase price of our acquisition of CMW and the related fees and expenses incurred in connection with such acquisition. The term loan credit agreement provided for a $200 million three year unsecured senior term loan facility maturing on April 1, 2022 and a $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility maturing on April 1, 2024. The funds under both term loan facilities were received on April 1, 2019 in connection with the closing of our acquisition of CMW. There are no scheduled principal amortization payments prior to maturity on the $200 million three year unsecured senior term loan facility. For the $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility, we are required to make quarterly amortization payments of 2.5 percent of the aggregate principal balance beginning with the last business day of the thirteenth calendar quarter ending after April 1, 2019, with the remainder of the unpaid principal balance due at maturity. No payments are required the first three years of the $300 million five year unsecured senior term loan facility. The term loan facilities may be prepaid and terminated at our election at any time without penalty or premium.
The term loan credit agreement contains customary covenants, including, without limitation, financial covenants, such as the maintenance of minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios; and negative covenants, which among other things, limit disposition of assets, consolidations and mergers, restricted payments, liens, and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. Most of these restrictions are subject to certain minimum thresholds and exceptions. The company was in compliance with all covenants related to the company's term loan credit agreement as of May 3, 2019. Outstanding borrowings under the term loan credit agreement bear interest at a variable rate generally based on LIBOR or an alternative variable rate, based on the highest of the Bank of America prime rate, the federal funds rate, or a rate generally based on LIBOR, in each case subject to an additional basis point spread as defined in the term loan credit agreement. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. For the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019, we made interest payments of approximately $1.6 million on the outstanding borrowings under the term loan credit agreement.
As of May 3, 2019, we had $811.1 million of outstanding indebtedness that included $100.0 million of 7.8 percent debentures due June 15, 2027, $123.9 million of 6.625 percent senior notes due May 1, 2037, $500.0 million outstanding under our term loan credit agreement, and $90.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility. The May 3, 2019 outstanding indebtedness amounts were partially offset by debt issuance costs and deferred charges of $2.8 million related to our outstanding indebtedness. As of May 4, 2018, we had $312.3 million of outstanding indebtedness that included $100.0 million of 7.8 percent debentures due June 15, 2027, $123.8 million of 6.625 percent senior notes due May 1, 2037, and a $91.0 million term loan. The May 4, 2018 outstanding indebtedness amounts were partially offset by debt issuance costs and deferred charges of $2.5 million related to our
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outstanding indebtedness. As of May 4, 2018, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility that was in place at that time. Typically, our revolving credit facility is classified as long-term debt within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as we have the ability to extend the outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility for the full-term of the facility. However, if we intend to repay a portion of the outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility within the next twelve months, we reclassify the portion of outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility that we intend to repay within the next twelve months to current portion of long-term debt within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of May 3, 2019, we reclassified $90.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility to current portion of long-term debt within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In addition to the $90.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility as of May 3, 2019, we had $1.9 million outstanding under the sublimit for standby letters of credit and $508.1 million of unutilized availability under our revolving credit facility as of May 3, 2019. Further, our domestic and non-U.S. operations maintained import letters of credit in the aggregate amount of approximately $13.4 million as of May 3, 2019. As of May 3, 2019, we had $2.0 million of outstanding letters of credit.
Cash Dividends
Our Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $0.225 per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 that was paid on April 12, 2019. This was an increase of 12.5 percent over our cash dividend of $0.20 per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Share Repurchases
As a result of our acquisition of CMW on April 1, 2019, we curtailed repurchasing shares of our common stock during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, we repurchased 359,758 shares of our common stock in the open market under our Board authorized repurchase plan, thereby reducing our total shares outstanding. We expect to curtail repurchasing shares of our common stock throughout the remainder of fiscal 2019.
Customer Financing Arrangements
Wholesale Financing
Our Red Iron joint venture with TCFIF provides inventory financing to certain distributors and dealers of our products that enables them to carry representative inventories of our products. Under separate agreements between Red Iron and the dealers and distributors, Red Iron provides loans to the dealers and distributors for the advances paid by Red Iron to us. The net amount of receivables financed for dealers and distributors under this arrangement for the six months ended May 3, 2019 were $1,031.3 million. We also have floor plan financing agreements with other third-party financial institutions to provide floor plan financing to certain dealers not financed through Red Iron, which include agreements with third-party financial institutions as a result of our acquisition of CMW. These third-party financing companies financed $46.3 million of receivables for such dealers and distributors during the first six months of fiscal 2019. As of May 3, 2019, $159.1 million of receivables financed by the third-party financing companies, excluding Red Iron, were outstanding. Our customer financing arrangements are described in further detail within our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to such arrangements, with the exception of the floor plan financing agreements as a result of our acquisition of CMW.
End-User Financing
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements where we provide recourse to third-party finance companies in the event of default by the customer to the third-party finance company. Our end-user financing arrangements are described in further detail within our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to such arrangements with the exception of recourse agreements with third-party financing companies as a result of our acquisition of CMW. Our maximum exposure for credit collection under our recourse agreements as of May 3, 2019 was $14.4 million.
Contractual Obligations
We are obligated to make future payments under various existing contracts, such as debt agreements, operating lease agreements, unconditional purchase obligations, and other long-term obligations. Our contractual obligations are described in further detail within our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to such contractual obligations, with the exception of our term loan credit agreement resulting from our acquisition of CMW as further described within the section titled "Liquidity and Capital Resources" within this MD&A and the following item:
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Senior Notes
In April 2019, we entered into a note purchase agreement (“Note Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors ("purchasers"), pursuant to which we have agreed to issue and sell to the purchasers, in a private placement offering, $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.81% Series A Senior Notes due June 15, 2029 and $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.91% Series B Senior Notes due June 15, 2031 (collectively, the "notes"). Subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, the notes may be issued under the Note Purchase Agreement at any time prior to June 27, 2019. As of May 3, 2019, we have not issued any notes pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement. If issued, the notes will be senior unsecured obligations. Interest on the notes will be payable semiannually on the 15 th of June and December in each year commencing on December 15, 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have off-balance sheet arrangements relating to our operating lease agreements for certain property, plant, or equipment assets utilized in the normal course of business, such as buildings for manufacturing facilities, office space, distribution centers, and warehouse facilities; land for product testing sites; machinery and equipment for research and development activities, manufacturing and assembly processes, and administrative tasks; and vehicles for sales, marketing and distribution activities. We also have off-balance sheet arrangements with Red Iron, our joint venture with TCFIF, and other third-party financial institutions in which inventory receivables for certain dealers and distributors are financed by Red Iron or such other third-party financial institutions. Our off-balance sheet arrangements are described in further detail within our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to such off-balance sheet arrangements, with the exception of the agreements with third-party financial institutions to provide inventory financing to certain distributors and dealers not financed through Red Iron resulting from our acquisition of CMW and described in further detail within the section titled "Customer Financing Arrangements" within this MD&A.
Inflation
We are subject to the effects of inflation, deflation, and changing prices. In the first six months of fiscal 2019, the average cost of commodities and components purchased was higher compared to the average cost of commodities and components purchased in the first six months of fiscal 2018. We strategically work to mitigate the impact of inflation on the cost of commodities and components that affect our product lines; however, we anticipate that the average cost for some commodities and components will be higher for the remainder of fiscal 2019, as compared to fiscal 2018. Historically, we have mitigated, and we currently expect that we would mitigate, any commodity and component cost increases, in part, by collaborating with suppliers, reviewing alternative sourcing options, substituting materials, utilizing Lean methods, engaging in internal cost reduction efforts, and increasing prices on some of our products, all as appropriate.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
We have provided non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, as information supplemental and in addition to the most directly comparable financial measures that are calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe these measures may be useful in performing meaningful comparisons of past and present operating results, to understand the performance of our ongoing operations, and how management views the business. Such non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for, or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures. The non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similar measures used by other companies.
The following table provides a reconciliation of financial measures calculated and reported in accordance with GAAP, as well as adjusted non-GAAP financial measures, for the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018 |  | May 3, 2019 |  | May 4, 2018
Gross profit |  | $ | 321,298 |  |  | $ | 324,056 |  |  | $ | 536,915 |  |  | $ | 528,295 |
Acquisition-related costs 1 |  | 9,519 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,519 |  |  | — |
Adjusted non-GAAP gross profit |  | $ | 330,817 |  |  | $ | 324,056 |  |  | $ | 546,434 |  |  | $ | 528,295 |
Operating earnings |  | $ | 137,725 |  |  | $ | 170,273 |  |  | $ | 207,779 |  |  | $ | 237,195 |
Acquisition-related costs 1 |  | 20,107 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,754 |  |  | — |
Adjusted non-GAAP operating earnings |  | $ | 157,832 |  |  | $ | 170,273 |  |  | $ | 229,533 |  |  | $ | 237,195 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 137,180 |  |  | $ | 169,166 |  |  | $ | 207,200 |  |  | $ | 235,551 |
Acquisition-related costs 1 |  | 20,107 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,754 |  |  | — |
Adjusted non-GAAP earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 157,287 |  |  | $ | 169,166 |  |  | $ | 228,954 |  |  | $ | 235,551 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 115,570 |  |  | $ | 131,289 |  |  | $ | 175,110 |  |  | $ | 153,893 |
Acquisition-related costs 1 |  | 16,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,862 |  |  | — |
Tax impact of share-based compensation 2 |  | (5,957 | ) |  | (1,037 | ) |  | (10,318 | ) |  | (4,613 | )
U.S. Tax Reform 3 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,113 |
Adjusted non-GAAP net earnings |  | $ | 125,965 |  |  | $ | 130,252 |  |  | $ | 182,654 |  |  | $ | 182,393 |
Diluted EPS |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | 1.62 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |
Acquisition-related costs 1 |  | 0.15 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | — |
Tax impact of share-based compensation 2 |  | (0.05 | ) |  | (0.01 | ) |  | (0.10 | ) |  | (0.04 | )
U.S. Tax Reform 3 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.31 |
Adjusted non-GAAP diluted EPS |  | $ | 1.17 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |  |  | $ | 1.69 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |
Effective tax rate |  | 15.8 | % |  | 22.4 | % |  | 15.5 | % |  | 34.7 | %
Acquisition-related costs 1 |  | (0.2 | )% |  | — | % |  | (0.3 | )% |  | — | %
Tax impact of share-based compensation 2 |  | 4.3 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  | 1.9 | %
U.S. Tax Reform 3 |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | (14.0 | )%
Adjusted non-GAAP effective tax rate |  | 19.9 | % |  | 23.0 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | 22.6 | %

1 | During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we acquired CMW. These amounts represent integration and transaction costs, as well as amortization of the inventory fair value step-up amount and backlog intangible asset resulting from purchase accounting adjustments, related to our acquisition of CMW during the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019.

2 | In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Stock-based Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting, which requires that any excess tax deduction for share-based compensation be immediately recorded within income tax expense. These amounts represent the discrete tax benefits recorded as excess tax deductions for share-based compensation during the three and six month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018.

3 | Signed into law on December 22, 2017, the Tax Act, reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35.0 percent to 21.0 percent, effective January 1, 2018, resulting in a blended U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 23.3 percent for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018. This reduction in rate required the re-measurement of the company's net deferred taxes as of the date of enactment. The Tax Act also imposed a one-time deemed repatriation tax on the company's historical undistributed earnings and profits of foreign affiliates. The remeasurement of the company's net deferred taxes and the one-time deemed repatriation tax resulted in a combined charge of $33.1 million during the six month period ended May 4, 2018. No charges related to the Tax Act were recorded in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018. Refer to Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Part II, Item 8, Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Related Data, within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
New Accounting Pronouncements to be Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which, among other things, requires lessees to recognize most leases on-balance sheet. The standard requires the recognition of right-of-use assets ("ROU assets") and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. The standard also requires a greater level of quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the nature of the entity’s leasing activities than were previously required under U.S. GAAP. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which provides an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate existing or expired land easements under the amended lease guidance. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (Leases), which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. Additionally, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides an alternative transition method that permits an entity to use the effective date of ASU No. 2016-02 as the date of initial application through the recognition of a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings upon adoption. Consequently, an entity's reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new lease standard will continue to be in accordance with previous U.S. GAAP under ASC Topic 840, Leases. ASU No. 2016-02, as augmented by ASU No. 2018-01, ASU No. 2018-10, and ASU No. 2018-11 (the "amended guidance"), will become effective for the company commencing in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.
In order to identify and evaluate the impact of the amended guidance on the company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, business processes, internal controls, and information systems, the company has established a cross-functional project management team. This cross-functional project management team is tasked with evaluating the potential implications of the amended guidance, including compiling and analyzing existing explicit lease agreements, reviewing contractual agreements for embedded leases, determining the discount rate to be used in valuing ROU assets and lease liabilities under new and existing leases, and assessing the changes to the company's accounting policies, business processes, internal controls, and information systems that may be necessary to comply with the provisions and all applicable financial statement disclosures required by the amended guidance. At this point in the company's evaluation process, the company has compiled and analyzed existing explicit lease agreements, completed its initial assessment of its business and system requirements, and has selected its third-party lease accounting software solution. The company is in the process of implementing its third-party lease accounting software solution; assessing the impact of the amended guidance on its internal control environment; developing its business process for determining the discount rate to be utilized in valuing the ROU assets and lease liabilities for the company's operating leases; evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its accounting policies, business processes and procedures, and information systems; and, where applicable, reviewing contractual agreements for embedded leases.
The company will adopt the amended guidance on November 1, 2019, the first quarter of fiscal 2020, under the alternative cumulative effect transition method. Upon adoption, the company will recognize ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities for its operating lease agreements within its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. While the company's evaluation of the amended guidance and related implementation activities are ongoing and incomplete, based on the results of the company's evaluation process to date, the company believes the adoption of the amended guidance will have a material impact on the company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, business processes, internal controls, and information systems. However, the company does not believe the adoption of the amended guidance will have a material impact on the company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which expands the scope of ASC Topic 718 to include share-based payments granted to nonemployees in exchange for goods or services used or consumed in an entity's own operations and supersedes the guidance in ASC Topic 505-50. The amended guidance will become effective for us commencing in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Early adoption is permitted but not prior to adopting ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. The amended guidance will become effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans (Topic 715), which modifies the disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement plans. The amended guidance will become effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
We believe that all other recently issued accounting pronouncements from the FASB that we have not noted above, will not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or do not apply to our operations.
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains not only historical information, but also forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act"), and Section 21E under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and that are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. In addition, we or others on our behalf may make forward-looking statements from time to time in oral presentations, including telephone conferences and/or web casts open to the public, in press releases or reports, on our web sites or otherwise. Statements that are not historical are forward-looking and reflect expectations and assumptions. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations of future events, and often can be identified in this report and elsewhere by using words such as "expect," "strive," "looking ahead," "outlook," "guidance," "forecast," "goal," "optimistic," "anticipate," "continue," "plan," "estimate," "project," "believe," "should," "could," "will," "would," "possible," "may," "likely," "intend," "can," "seek," "potential," "pro forma," or the negative thereof and similar expressions or future dates. Our forward-looking statements generally relate to our future performance, including our anticipated operating results, liquidity requirements, and financial condition; our business strategies and goals; the integration of CMW; and the effect of laws, rules, policies, regulations, tax reform, new accounting pronouncements, and outstanding litigation on our business and future performance.
Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied. The following are some of the factors known to us that could cause our actual results to differ materially from what we have anticipated in our forward-looking statements:

• | Adverse economic conditions and outlook in the United States and in other countries in which we conduct business could adversely affect our net sales and earnings, which include but are not limited to recessionary conditions; slow or negative economic growth rates; the impact of U.S. federal debt, state debt and sovereign debt defaults and austerity measures by certain European countries; slow down or reductions in levels of golf course development, renovation, and improvement; golf course closures; reduced levels of home ownership, construction, and sales; home foreclosures; negative consumer confidence; reduced consumer spending levels; increased unemployment rates; prolonged high unemployment rates; higher commodity and component costs and fuel prices; inflationary or deflationary pressures; reduced credit availability or unfavorable credit terms for our distributors, dealers, and end-user customers; higher short-term, mortgage, and other interest rates; reduced infrastructure spending; and general economic and political conditions and expectations.

• | Weather conditions, including unfavorable weather conditions exacerbated by global climate changes or otherwise, may reduce demand for some of our products and/or cause disruptions in our operations, including as a result of disruption in our supply chain, and adversely affect our net sales and operating results, or may affect the timing of demand for some of our products and/or our ability to manufacture product to fulfill customer demand, which may adversely affect net sales and operating results in subsequent periods.

• | Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have in the past affected our operating results and could continue to result in declines in our net sales and net earnings.

• | Increases in the cost, or disruption in the availability, of raw materials, components, parts and accessories containing various commodities that we purchase, such as steel, aluminum, petroleum and natural gas-based resins, linerboard, copper, lead, rubber, engines, transmissions, transaxles, hydraulics, electric motors, and other commodities and components, and increases in our other costs of doing business, such as transportation costs or increased tariffs, duties or other charges as a result of changes to U.S. or international trade policies or agreements have in the past affected our profit margins and businesses and could continue to result in declines in our profit margins and businesses.

• | Our Professional segment net sales are dependent upon certain factors, including golf course revenues and the amount of investment in golf course renovations and improvements; the level of new golf course development and golf course closures; the extent to which property owners outsource their lawn care and snow and ice removal activities; residential

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and commercial construction activity; continued acceptance of, and demand for, ag-irrigation solutions; the timing and occurrence of winter weather conditions; demand for our products in the rental, specialty and underground construction markets; availability of cash or credit to Professional segment customers on acceptable terms to finance new product purchases; and the amount of government revenues, budget, and spending levels for grounds maintenance equipment.

• | Our Residential segment net sales are dependent upon consumers buying our products at dealers, mass retailers, and home centers, such as The Home Depot, Inc.; the amount of product placement at mass retailers and home centers; consumer confidence and spending levels; changing buying patterns of customers; and the impact of significant sales or promotional events.

• | Our financial performance, including our profit margins and net earnings, can be impacted depending on the mix of products we sell during a given period, as our Professional segment products generally have higher profit margins than our Residential segment products. Similarly, within each segment, if we experience lower sales of products that generally carry higher profit margins, our financial performance, including profit margins and net earnings, could be negatively impacted.

• | We intend to grow our business in part through acquisitions, including by our recently completed acquisition of CMW, and alliances, strong customer relations, and new joint ventures and partnerships, which could be risky and harm our business, reputation, financial condition, and operating results, particularly if we are not able to successfully integrate such acquisitions and alliances, joint ventures, and partnerships. If previous or future acquisitions do not produce the expected results or integration into our operations takes more time than expected, our business could be harmed. We cannot guarantee previous or future acquisitions, alliances, joint ventures or partnerships will in fact produce any benefits.

• | Our ability to manage our inventory levels to meet our customers' demand for our products is important for our business. If we underestimate or overestimate demand for our products and do not maintain appropriate inventory levels, our net sales and/or working capital could be negatively impacted.

• | Our business and operating results are subject to the inventory management decisions of our distribution channel customers. Any adjustments in the carrying amount of inventories by our distribution channel customers may impact our inventory management and working capital goals as well as operating results.

• | Changes in the composition of, financial viability of, and/or the relationships with, our distribution channel customers could negatively impact our business and operating results.

• | We face intense competition in all of our product lines with numerous manufacturers, including from some competitors that have larger operations and greater financial resources than us. We may not be able to compete effectively against competitors’ actions, which could harm our business and operating results.

• | A significant percentage of our consolidated net sales is generated outside of the United States, and we intend to continue to expand our international operations. Our international operations also require significant management attention and financial resources; expose us to difficulties presented by international economic, political, legal, regulatory, accounting, and business factors, including implications of withdrawal by the U.S. from, or revision to, international trade agreements, foreign trade or other policy changes between the U.S. and other countries, weakened international economic conditions, or the United Kingdom’s process for exiting the European Union; and may not be successful or produce desired levels of net sales. In addition, a portion of our international net sales are financed by third parties. The termination of our agreements with these third parties, any material change to the terms of our agreements with these third parties or in the availability or terms of credit offered to our international customers by these third parties, or any delay in securing replacement credit sources, could adversely affect our sales and operating results.

• | If we are unable to continue to enhance existing products, as well as develop and market new products, that respond to customer needs and preferences and achieve market acceptance, including by incorporating new or emerging technologies that may become preferred by our customers, we may experience a decrease in demand for our products, and our net sales could be adversely affected.

• | Any disruption, including as a result of natural or man-made disasters, inclement weather, including as a result of climate change-related events, work slowdowns, strikes, or other events, at any of our facilities or in our manufacturing or other operations, or those of our distribution channel customers or suppliers, or our inability to cost-effectively expand existing facilities, open and manage new facilities, and/or move production between manufacturing facilities could adversely affect our business and operating results.

• | Our production labor needs fluctuate throughout the year and any failure by us to hire and/or retain a production labor force to adequately staff our manufacturing operations, or by our production labor force to adequately and safely perform their jobs could adversely affect our business, operating results, and reputation.

• | Management information systems are critical to our business. If our information systems or information security practices, or those of our business partners or third-party service providers, fail to adequately perform and/or protect sensitive or confidential information, or if we, our business partners, or third-party service providers experience an interruption in, or breach of, the operation of such systems or practices, including by theft, loss or damage from unauthorized access, security breaches, natural or man-made disasters, cyber attacks, computer viruses, malware, phishing, denial of service attacks, power loss or other disruptive events, our business, reputation, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.

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• | Our reliance upon patents, trademark laws, and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient to protect our intellectual property from others who may sell similar products. Our products may infringe the proprietary rights of others.

• | Our business, properties, and products are subject to governmental policies and regulations with which compliance may require us to incur expenses or modify our products or operations and non-compliance may result in harm to our reputation and/or expose us to penalties. Governmental policies and regulations may also adversely affect the demand for some of our products and our operating results. In addition, changes in laws, policies, and regulations in the U.S. or other countries in which we conduct business also may adversely affect our financial results, including as a result of, (i) taxation and tax policy changes, tax rate changes, new tax laws, new or revised tax law interpretations or guidance, including as a result of the Tax Act, (ii) changes to, or adoption of new, healthcare laws or regulations, or (iii) changes to U.S. or international policies or trade agreements that could result in additional duties or other charges on raw materials, components, parts or accessories we import.

• | Changes in accounting standards or assumptions in applying accounting policies could adversely affect our financial statements, including our financial results and financial condition.

• | Climate change legislation, regulations, or accords may adversely impact our operations.

• | Costs of complying with the various environmental laws related to our ownership and/or lease of real property, such as clean-up costs and liabilities that may be associated with certain hazardous waste disposal activities, could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

• | Legislative enactments could impact the competitive landscape within our markets and affect demand for our products.

• | We operate in many different jurisdictions and we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws. The continued expansion of our international operations could increase the risk of violations of these laws in the future.

• | We are subject to product quality issues, product liability claims, and other litigation from time to time that could adversely affect our business, reputation, operating results, or financial condition.

• | If we are unable to retain our executive officers or other key employees, attract and retain other qualified personnel, or successfully implement executive officer, key employee or other qualified personnel transitions, we may not be able to meet strategic objectives and our business could suffer.

• | We are dependent upon various floor planning programs to provide competitive inventory financing programs to certain distributors and dealers of our products. Any material change in the availability or terms of credit offered to our customers by such programs or any termination or disruption of our various floor planning programs or any delay in securing replacement credit sources could adversely affect our net sales and operating results.

• | The terms of our credit arrangements and the indentures and other terms governing our senior notes and debentures could limit our ability to conduct our business, take advantage of business opportunities, and respond to changing business, market, and economic conditions. Additionally, we are subject to counterparty risk in our credit arrangements. If we are unable to comply with such terms, especially the financial covenants, our credit arrangements could be terminated and our senior notes, debentures, term loan facilities, and any amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility could become due and payable.

• | We are expanding and renovating our corporate and other facilities and could experience disruptions to our operations in connection with such efforts.

• | We may not achieve our projected financial information or other business initiatives, such as the goals of our "Vision 2020" initiative, in the time periods that we anticipate, or at all, which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

For more information regarding these and other uncertainties and factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from what we have anticipated in our forward-looking statements or otherwise could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results, see our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of this report.
All forward-looking statements included in this report are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement which speaks only as of the date made and to recognize that forward-looking statements are predictions of future results, which may not occur as anticipated. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and from historical results, due to the risks and uncertainties described above, the risks described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of this report, as well as others that we may consider immaterial or do not anticipate at this time. The foregoing risks and uncertainties are not exclusive and further information concerning the company and our businesses, including factors that potentially could materially affect our financial results or condition, may emerge from time to time. We make no commitment to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect actual results, events or circumstances occurring or existing after the date any forward-looking statement is made, or changes in factors or assumptions affecting such forward-looking statements. We advise you, however, to consult any further
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disclosures we make on related subjects in our future Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk stemming from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity costs. We are also exposed to equity market risk pertaining to the trading price of our common stock. Changes in these factors could cause fluctuations in our earnings and cash flows. There have been no material changes to the market risk information regarding equity market risk included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018. Refer to Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 for a complete discussion of our market risk. Refer below for further discussion on foreign currency exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, and commodity cost risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk arising from transactions in the normal course of business, such as sales to third-party customers, sales and loans to wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, foreign plant operations, and purchases from suppliers. Our primary foreign currency exchange rate exposures are with the Euro, the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, the Mexican peso, the Japanese yen, the Chinese Renminbi, the Romanian New Leu against the U.S. dollar, and the Romanian New Leu against the Euro. We may also experience foreign currency exchange rate exposure as a result of the volatility and uncertainty that may arise as a result of the United Kingdom’s process for exiting the European Union. Because our products are manufactured or sourced primarily from the United States and Mexico, a stronger U.S. dollar and Mexican peso generally have a negative impact on our results from operations, while a weaker U.S. dollar and Mexican peso generally have a positive effect.
To reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, we actively manage the exposure of our foreign currency exchange rate risk by entering into various derivative instruments to hedge against such risk, authorized under company policies that place controls on these hedging activities, with counterparties that are highly rated financial institutions. Our policy does not allow the use of derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Decisions on whether to use such derivative instruments are primarily based on the amount of exposure to the currency involved and an assessment of the near-term market value for each currency. Our worldwide foreign currency exchange rate exposures are reviewed monthly. The gains and losses on our derivative instruments offset changes in values of the related exposures. Therefore, changes in the values of our derivative instruments are highly correlated with changes in the market values of underlying hedged items both at inception and over the life of the derivative instrument.
Changes in the fair values of the spot rate component of outstanding, highly effective cash flow hedging instruments included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recorded in other comprehensive income within accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are subsequently reclassified to net earnings within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings during the same period in which the cash flows of the underlying hedged transaction affect net earnings. Certain derivative instruments we hold do not meet the cash flow hedge accounting criteria or have components that are excluded from cash flow hedge accounting; therefore, changes in their fair value are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings within the same line item as that of the underlying exposure. For additional information regarding our derivative instruments, see Note 15 in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The foreign currency exchange contracts in the table below have maturity dates in fiscal 2019 through fiscal 2021. All items are non-trading and stated in U.S. dollars. As of May 3, 2019, the average contracted rate, notional amount, and the gain at fair value of outstanding derivative instruments were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands, except average contracted rate) |  | Average Contracted Rate |  | Notional Amount |  | Gain at Fair Value
Buy U.S. dollar/Sell Australian dollar |  | 0.7359 |  |  | $ | 96,570.5 |  |  | $ | 3,744.1 |
Buy U.S. dollar/Sell Canadian dollar |  | 1.3073 |  |  | 30,290.6 |  |  | 608.9 |
Buy U.S. dollar/Sell Euro |  | 1.2089 |  |  | 155,898.3 |  |  | 7,479.4 |
Buy U.S. dollar/Sell British pound |  | 1.3457 |  |  | 55,847.8 |  |  | 930.0 |
Buy Mexican peso/Sell U.S. dollar |  | 20.6249 |  |  | $ | 1,697.0 |  |  | $ | 95.8 |

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Our net investment in foreign subsidiaries translated into U.S. dollars is not hedged. Any changes in foreign currency exchange rates would be reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of AOCL in stockholders’ equity on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and would not impact net earnings.
Interest Rate Risk
Our market risk on interest rates relates primarily to fluctuations in LIBOR-based interest rates on our revolving credit facility and term loan credit agreement, as well as the potential increase in the fair value of our fixed-rate long-term debt resulting from a potential decrease in interest rates. We generally do not use interest rate swaps to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates. Our indebtedness as of May 3, 2019 includes $223.9 million of fixed rate debt that is not subject to variable interest rate fluctuations, a LIBOR-based revolving credit facility with a $90.0 million outstanding balance, and a $500.0 million LIBOR-based term loan credit agreement. We have no earnings or cash flow exposure due to market risks on our fixed-rate long-term debt obligations.
Commodity Cost Risk
Most of the raw materials used in our products are exposed to commodity cost changes. Our primary commodity cost exposures are with steel, aluminum, petroleum and natural gas-based resins, and linerboard. In addition, we are a purchaser of components and parts containing various commodities, including steel, aluminum, copper, lead, rubber, and others that are integrated into our end products. We generally purchase commodities and components based upon market prices that are established with vendors as part of the purchase process and generally attempt to obtain firm pricing from most of our suppliers for volumes consistent with planned production. To the extent that commodity costs increase, as a result of inflation, tariffs, duties, or otherwise, and we do not have firm pricing from our suppliers, or our suppliers are not able to honor such prices, we may experience a decline in our gross margins to the extent we are not able to increase selling prices of our products or obtain manufacturing efficiencies to offset increases in commodity costs. Additionally, we enter into fixed-price contracts for future purchases of natural gas in the normal course of operations as a means to manage natural gas price risks. Further information regarding changing costs of commodities is presented in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in the section titled "Inflation."
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and we are required to apply our judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible internal controls.
Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of such period to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. With the exception of the acquisition of CMW noted below, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our second quarter ended May 3, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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On April 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of CMW. Prior to this acquisition, CMW was a privately-held company not subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations of the SEC, or other corporate governance requirements to which public companies may be subject. As part of our ongoing integration activities, we are beginning to incorporate internal controls over significant processes specific to CMW that we believe are appropriate and necessary to account for the acquisition and to consolidate and report our financial results. In accordance with guidance issued by the SEC, companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their final assessment of internal control over financial reporting during the year of acquisition. Accordingly, we expect to exclude CMW from the assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2019.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are a party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. Litigation occasionally involves claims for punitive, as well as compensatory, damages arising out of the use of our products. Although we are self-insured to some extent, we maintain insurance against certain product liability losses. We are also subject to litigation and administrative and judicial proceedings with respect to claims involving asbestos and the discharge of hazardous substances into the environment. Some of these claims assert damages and liability for personal injury, remedial investigations or clean-up, and other costs and damages. We are also typically involved in commercial disputes, employment disputes, and patent litigation cases in the ordinary course of business. To prevent possible infringement of our patents by others, we periodically review competitors’ products. To avoid potential liability with respect to others’ patents, we regularly review certain patents issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and foreign patent offices. We believe these activities help us minimize our risk of being a defendant in patent infringement litigation. We are currently involved in patent litigation cases, including cases by or against competitors, where we are asserting and defending against claims of patent infringement. Such cases are at varying stages in the litigation process.
For a description of our material legal proceedings, see Note 14 in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading "Contingencies - Litigation" included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated into this Part II. Item 1 by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are affected by risks specific to us as well as factors that affect all businesses operating in a global market. The significant factors known to us that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results or could cause our actual results to differ materially from our anticipated results or other expectations, including those expressed in any forward-looking statement made in this report, are described in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K (Item 1A. Risk Factors). There has been no material change in those risk factors, with the exception of the addition of the following risk factor:
Our recent acquisition of The Charles Machine Works, Inc. involves a number of risks, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
On April 1, 2019, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated February 14, 2019 ("merger agreement"), we completed our acquisition of The Charles Machine Works, Inc. (“CMW”). The acquisition involves certain risks, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results, including:

• | diversion of management's attention to integrate CMW’s operations;

• | disruption to our existing operations and plans or inability to effectively manage our expanded operations;

• | failure, difficulties or delays in securing, integrating and assimilating information, financial systems, internal controls, operations, manufacturing processes and products, or the distribution channel for CMW’s businesses and product lines;

• | potential loss of key CMW employees, suppliers, customers, distributors, or dealers or other adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers, customers, distributors, and dealers;

• | adverse impact on overall profitability if our expanded operations do not achieve the growth prospects, net sales, earnings, cost or revenue synergies, or other financial results projected in our valuation models, or delays in the realization thereof;

• | reallocation of amounts of capital from our other strategic initiatives;

• | the increase in our leverage and debt service requirements as a result of amounts drawn on our unsecured term loan credit agreement and unsecured revolving credit facility to fund the purchase price of the acquisition could restrict our ability to access additional capital when needed or to pursue other important elements of our business strategy;

• | inaccurate assessment of undisclosed, contingent or other liabilities, unanticipated costs associated with the acquisition, and despite the existence of representations, warranties and indemnities in the merger agreement and a representation and warranty insurance policy, an inability to recover or manage such liabilities and costs;

• | impacts as a result of purchase accounting adjustments, incorrect estimates made in the accounting for the acquisition or the potential future write-off of significant amounts of goodwill, intangible assets and/or other tangible assets if the CMW business does not perform in the future as expected, or other potential financial accounting or reporting impacts; and

• | other factors mentioned in our recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors”.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth information with respect to shares of our common stock purchased by the company during each of the three fiscal months in our second quarter ended May 3, 2019:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased 1,2,3 |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 1,2 |  | Maximum Number of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 1,2
February 2, 2019 through March 1, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,042,256 |
March 2, 2019 through March 29, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,042,256 |
March 30, 2019 through May 3, 2019 |  | 1,596 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,042,256 |
Total |  | 1,596 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |

1 | On December 3, 2015, the company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 8,000,000 shares of the company’s common stock in open-market or privately negotiated transactions. This program has no expiration date but may be terminated by the company’s Board of Directors at any time. No shares were repurchased under this program during the time period indicated above and 2,042,256 shares remained available to repurchase under this program as of May 3, 2019.

2 | On December 4, 2018, the company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 5,000,000 shares of the company’s common stock in open-market or privately negotiated transactions. This program has no expiration date but may be terminated by the company’s Board of Directors at any time. No shares were repurchased under this program during the time period indicated above and 5,000,000 shares remained available to repurchase under this program as of May 3, 2019.

3 | Includes 1,596 units (shares) of the company’s common stock purchased in open-market transactions at an average price of $71.83 per share on behalf of a rabbi trust formed to pay benefit obligations of the company to participants in deferred compensation plans. These 1,596 shares were not repurchased under the company’s repurchase programs described in footnotes 1 and 2 above.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

(a) | Exhibit No. | Description
| 2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of February 14, 2019, by and among The Toro Company, The Charles Machine Works, Inc., Helix Company, Inc., and Agent 186 LLC as Shareholders’ Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2019, Commission File No. 1-8649).
| 3.1 and 4.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Toro Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17, 2008, Commission File No. 1-8649).
| 3.2 and 4.2 | Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Toro Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 12, 2013, Commission File No. 1-8649).
| 3.3 and 4.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of The Toro Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 19, 2016, Commission File No. 1-8649).
| 4.4 | Indenture dated as of January 31, 1997, between Registrant and First National Trust Association, as Trustee, relating to The Toro Company’s 7.80% Debentures due June 15, 2027 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 24, 1997, Commission File No. 1-8649). (Filed on paper - hyperlink is not required pursuant to Rule 105 of Regulation S-T)
| 4.5 | Indenture dated as of April 20, 2007, between Registrant and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to The Toro Company’s 6.625% Notes due May 1, 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2007, Registration No. 333-142282).
| 4.6 | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 26, 2007, between Registrant and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to The Toro Company’s 6.625% Notes due May 1, 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 23, 2007, Commission File No. 1-8649).
| 4.7 | Form of The Toro Company 6.625% Note due May 1, 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 23, 2007, Commission File No. 1-8649).
| 10.1 | Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 19, 2019, by and among The Toro Company, as Borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on March 20, 2019).
| 10.2 | Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 30, 2019, by and among The Toro Company and the purchasers listed on the Purchaser Schedule thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on April 30, 2019).
| 31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) (filed herewith).
| 31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) (filed herewith).
| 32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
| 101 | The following financial information from The Toro Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended May 3, 2019, filed with the SEC on June 5, 2019, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six-month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six-month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 3, 2019, May 4, 2018, and October 31, 2018, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six-month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and six-month periods ended May 3, 2019 and May 4, 2018, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (filed herewith).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
THE TORO COMPANY
(Registrant)

Date: June 5, 2019 | By: | /s/ Renee J. Peterson
|  | Renee J. Peterson
|  | Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (duly authorized officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer)

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