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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number |  | 1-8491

HECLA MINING COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

| Delaware |  | 77-0664171 |
| State or Other Jurisdiction of |  | I.R.S. Employer |
| Incorporation or Organization |  | Identification No. |
| 6500 N. Mineral Drive, Suite 200 |  |  |
| Coeur d'Alene, Idaho |  | 83815-9408 |
| Address of Principal Executive Offices |  | Zip Code |
208-769-4100
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.25 per share | HL | New York Stock Exchange
Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.25 per share | HL-PB | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ . No ☐ .

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ . No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☒. | Accelerated filer ☐.
Non-accelerated filer ☐. | Smaller reporting company ☐.
Emerging growth company ☐. |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐. No ☒.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | Shares Outstanding May 4, 2021
Common stock, par value $0.25 per share |  | 535,551,426

Table of Contents

Hecla Mining Company and Subsidiaries

Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2021

INDEX*

| Page
PART I - Financial Information |
Item 1 – Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
Forward-Looking Statements | 21
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 55
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 56
PART II - Other Information |
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 56
Item 1A – Risk Factors | 56
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds | 56
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures | 56
Item 6 – Exhibits | 57
Signatures | 58

*Items 3 and 5 of Part II are omitted as they are not applicable.

2

Table of Contents

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Hecla Mining Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except for per-share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | March 31, 2020 |
Sales of products |  | $ | 210,852 |  |  | $ | 136,925 |
Cost of sales and other direct production costs |  |  | 96,709 |  |  |  | 85,887 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 49,331 |  |  |  | 39,666 |
Total cost of sales |  |  | 146,040 |  |  |  | 125,553 |
Gross profit |  |  | 64,812 |  |  |  | 11,372 |
Other operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative |  |  | 8,007 |  |  |  | 8,939 |
Exploration |  |  | 5,951 |  |  |  | 2,530 |
Pre-development |  |  | 739 |  |  |  | 535 |
Other operating expense |  |  | 3,639 |  |  |  | 920 |
Ramp-up and suspension costs |  |  | 4,318 |  |  |  | 12,996 |
Provision for closed operations and environmental matters |  |  | 3,709 |  |  |  | 516 |
Total other operating expense |  |  | 26,363 |  |  |  | 26,436 |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | 38,449 |  |  |  | (15,064 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on exchange of investments |  |  | 1,158 |  |  |  | — |
Unrealized loss on investments |  |  | (3,506 | ) |  |  | (978 | )
Gain on derivative contracts |  |  | 473 |  |  |  | 7,893 |
Net foreign exchange (loss) gain |  |  | (2,064 | ) |  |  | 6,636 |
Other non-operating expense |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | (423 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (10,744 | ) |  |  | (16,311 | )
Total other expense |  |  | (14,844 | ) |  |  | (3,183 | )
Income (loss) before income and mining taxes |  |  | 23,605 |  |  |  | (18,247 | )
Income and mining tax (provision) benefit |  |  | (4,634 | ) |  |  | 1,062 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | 18,971 |  |  |  | (17,185 | )
Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | (138 | )
Income (loss) applicable to common stockholders |  | $ | 18,833 |  |  | $ | (17,323 | )
Comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 18,971 |  |  | $ | (17,185 | )
Change in fair value of derivative contracts designated as hedge transactions |  |  | 1,832 |  |  |  | (19,335 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 20,803 |  |  | $ | (36,520 | )
Basic income (loss) per common share after preferred dividends |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Diluted income (loss) per common share after preferred dividends |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 534,101 |  |  |  | 523,215 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 540,527 |  |  |  | 523,215 |
Cash dividends per common share |  | $ | 0.00875 |  |  | $ | 0.0025 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

Hecla Mining Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | March 31, 2020 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 18,971 |  |  | $ | (17,185 | )
Non-cash elements included in net income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | 49,546 |  |  |  | 41,630 |
Unrealized loss on investments |  |  | 3,506 |  |  |  | 978 |
Gain on exchange of investments |  |  | (1,158 | ) |  |  | — |
Provision for reclamation and closure costs |  |  | 4,529 |  |  |  | 1,548 |
Stock compensation |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 1,219 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | (3,252 | )
Amortization of loan origination fees and loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | 2,140 |
Gain on derivative contracts |  |  | (10,962 | ) |  |  | (10,437 | )
Foreign exchange loss (gain) |  |  | 1,755 |  |  |  | (8,066 | )
Other non-cash items, net |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | (104 | )
Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (2,664 | ) |  |  | 9,955 |
Inventories |  |  | 2,120 |  |  |  | (6,602 | )
Other current and non-current assets |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | (2,642 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | (24,545 | ) |  |  | (11,879 | )
Accrued payroll and related benefits |  |  | (7,995 | ) |  |  | 9,495 |
Accrued taxes |  |  | 2,031 |  |  |  | 1,332 |
Accrued reclamation and closure costs and other non-current liabilities |  |  | 195 |  |  |  | (3,203 | )
Cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 37,936 |  |  |  | 4,927 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to properties, plants, equipment and mineral interests |  |  | (21,413 | ) |  |  | (19,870 | )
Proceeds from disposition of properties, plants and equipment |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 154 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (21,394 | ) |  |  | (19,716 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid to common stockholders |  |  | (4,688 | ) |  |  | (1,304 | )
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | (138 | )
Credit facility fees paid |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (458 | )
Borrowings on debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 679,500 |
Repayments of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | (506,500 | )
Repayments of finance leases |  |  | (1,881 | ) |  |  | (1,284 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (6,789 | ) |  |  | 169,816 |
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | (1,736 | )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 9,920 |  |  |  | 153,291 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 130,883 |  |  |  | 63,477 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 140,803 |  |  | $ | 216,768 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 18,406 |  |  | $ | 13,984 |
Significant non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Addition of finance lease obligations and right-of-use assets |  | $ | 3,120 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable for proceeds on exchange of investments |  | $ | 1,832 |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

Hecla Mining Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except shares)

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
ASSETS |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 139,750 |  |  | $ | 129,830 |
Accounts receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  |  | 35,274 |  |  |  | 27,864 |
Other, net |  |  | 8,475 |  |  |  | 11,329 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Concentrates, doré, and stockpiled ore |  |  | 56,917 |  |  |  | 57,936 |
Materials and supplies |  |  | 37,335 |  |  |  | 38,608 |
Derivatives assets |  |  | 7,195 |  |  |  | 3,470 |
Other current assets |  |  | 12,971 |  |  |  | 15,644 |
Total current assets |  |  | 297,917 |  |  |  | 284,681 |
Investments |  |  | 11,717 |  |  |  | 15,148 |
Restricted cash and investments |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | 1,053 |
Properties, plants, equipment and mineral interests, net |  |  | 2,320,547 |  |  |  | 2,345,219 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 9,775 |  |  |  | 10,628 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 3,886 |  |  |  | 2,912 |
Derivatives assets |  |  | 6,346 |  |  |  | 4,558 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 3,836 |  |  |  | 3,525 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,655,077 |  |  | $ | 2,667,724 |
LIABILITIES |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 53,130 |  |  | $ | 68,516 |
Accrued payroll and related benefits |  |  | 22,800 |  |  |  | 31,807 |
Accrued taxes |  |  | 7,854 |  |  |  | 8,349 |
Finance leases |  |  | 6,706 |  |  |  | 6,491 |
Operating leases |  |  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 3,008 |
Accrued reclamation and closure costs |  |  | 6,592 |  |  |  | 5,582 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 5,175 |  |  |  | 14,157 |
Derivatives liabilities |  |  | 3,906 |  |  |  | 11,737 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 138 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 109,118 |  |  |  | 149,785 |
Finance leases |  |  | 10,304 |  |  |  | 9,274 |
Operating leases |  |  | 6,954 |  |  |  | 7,634 |
Accrued reclamation and closure costs |  |  | 113,671 |  |  |  | 110,466 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 507,992 |  |  |  | 507,242 |
Deferred tax liability |  |  | 149,220 |  |  |  | 144,330 |
Pension liability |  |  | 28,797 |  |  |  | 44,144 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 4,146 |  |  |  | 4,364 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 930,202 |  |  |  | 977,239 |
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 4, 7, 8, and 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series B preferred stock, $0.25 par value, 157,816 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference — $7,891 |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 39 |
Common stock, $0.25 par value, 750,000,000 authorized shares; issued March 31, 2021 — 542,154,997 shares and December 31, 2020 — 538,487,415 shares |  |  | 135,546 |  |  |  | 134,629 |
Capital surplus |  |  | 2,021,072 |  |  |  | 2,003,576 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (377,229 | ) |  |  | (391,374 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (31,057 | ) |  |  | (32,889 | )
Less treasury stock, at cost; March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 - 6,821,044 shares issued and held in treasury |  |  | (23,496 | ) |  |  | (23,496 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 1,724,875 |  |  |  | 1,690,485 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 2,655,077 |  |  | $ | 2,667,724 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Hecla Mining Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Dollars are in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Series B Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Total |
Balances, January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 134,629 |  |  | $ | 2,003,576 |  |  | $ | (391,374 | ) |  | $ | (32,889 | ) |  | $ | (23,496 | ) |  | $ | 1,690,485 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,971 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,971 |
Restricted stock units granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 483 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 483 |
Common stock dividends declared ($0.00875 per common share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,688 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,688 | )
Series B Preferred Stock dividends declared ($0.875 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (138 | )
Common stock issued for 401(k) match (165,000 shares) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 1,088 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,130 |
Shares issued to pension plans (3,500,000 shares) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 875 |  |  |  | 15,925 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,800 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,832 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,832 |
Balances, March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 135,546 |  |  | $ | 2,021,072 |  |  | $ | (377,229 | ) |  | $ | (31,057 | ) |  | $ | (23,496 | ) |  | $ | 1,724,875 |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |
|  | Series B Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Total |
Balances, January 1, 2020, as revised (see Note 1) |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 132,292 |  |  |  | 1,973,700 |  |  |  | (365,186 | ) |  |  | (37,310 | ) |  |  | (22,967 | ) |  |  | 1,680,568 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17,185 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,185 | )
Restricted stock units granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,219 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,219 |
Common stock dividends declared ($0.0025 per common share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,304 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,304 | )
Series B Preferred Stock dividends declared ($0.875 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (138 | )
Common stock issued for 401(k) match (352,000 shares) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | 1,114 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,203 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,335 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,335 | )
Balances, March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 132,381 |  |  | $ | 1,976,033 |  |  | $ | (383,813 | ) |  | $ | (56,645 | ) |  | $ | (22,967 | ) |  | $ | 1,645,028 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Note 1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Hecla Mining Company and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Hecla”, “the Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”, except where the context requires otherwise) have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all information and disclosures required annually by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Therefore, this information should be read in conjunction with Hecla Mining Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”). The consolidated December 31, 2020 balance sheet data was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The information furnished herein reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods reported. All such adjustments are, in the opinion of management, of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

The 2019 novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") was characterized as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and COVID-19 resulted in travel restrictions and business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas. In late March 2020, the Government of Quebec ordered the mining industry to reduce to minimum operations as part of the fight against COVID-19, causing us to suspend our Casa Berardi operations from March 24, 2020 until April 15, 2020 when mining operations resumed. In early April 2020, the Government of Mexico issued a similar order causing us to suspend our San Sebastian operations until May 30, 2020. In addition, restrictions imposed by the State of Alaska in late March caused us to revise the normal operating procedures for staffing operations at Greens Creek. These suspension orders impacted us in the first half of 2020 by curtailing our expected production of gold at Casa Berardi by approximately 11,700 ounces, which resulted in a reduction in related revenue for that period. We continued to incur costs at Casa Berardi and San Sebastian while operations were suspended. At Casa Berardi and San Sebastian, suspension costs in 2020 totaled $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. In addition, we incurred costs of approximately $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2021 and $2.3 million for the full year of 2020 related to quarantining employees at Greens Creek, which started in late March 2020. At Lucky Friday and Nevada Operations, COVID-19 procedures have been implemented without a significant impact on production or operating costs. It is possible that future restrictions at any of our operations could have an adverse impact on operations or financial results beyond the first quarter of 2021.

We have taken precautionary measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, including implementing operational plans and practices. As long as they are required, the operational practices implemented could have an adverse impact on our operating results due to deferred production and revenues or additional costs. We continue to monitor the rapidly evolving situation and guidance from federal, state, local and foreign governments and public health authorities and may take additional actions based on their recommendations. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business and financial results will also depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and the success of the current vaccination programs being rolled out within the markets in which we operate and the related impact on prices, demand, creditworthiness and other market conditions and governmental reactions, all of which are highly uncertain.

Correction of an Immaterial Error

During the first quarter of 2021 we reclassified certain state mining income taxes from Cost of sales and other direct production costs to Income and mining tax provision prospectively effective January 1, 2021. The reclassification required us to recognize previously unrecognized deferred taxes. The impact of this was an adjustment of $11.9 million to accumulated deficit at January 1, 2019 to recognize the deferred tax liability. This adjustment resulted in the January 1, 2020 accumulated deficit balance presented in this Form 10-Q to increase to $365.2 million.

Note 2. Business Segments and Sales of Products

We discover, acquire and develop mines and other mineral interests and produce and market concentrates, carbon material and doré containing silver, gold, lead and zinc. We are currently organized and managed in five segments, which represent our operating units: the Greens Creek unit, the Lucky Friday unit, the Casa Berardi unit, the San Sebastian exploration unit, and the Nevada Operations unit.

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General corporate activities not associated with operating units and their various exploration activities, as well as discontinued operations and idle properties, are presented as “other.” Interest expense, interest income and income and mining taxes are considered general corporate items, and are not allocated to our segments.

The following tables present information about our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net sales to unaffiliated customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greens Creek |  | $ | 98,409 |  |  | $ | 53,833 |
Lucky Friday |  |  | 29,122 |  |  |  | 2,830 |
Casa Berardi |  |  | 72,911 |  |  |  | 46,172 |
San Sebastian |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | 9,927 |
Nevada Operations |  |  | 10,237 |  |  |  | 24,163 |
|  | $ | 210,852 |  |  | $ | 136,925 |
Income (loss) from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greens Creek |  | $ | 44,600 |  |  | $ | 4,117 |
Lucky Friday |  |  | 6,323 |  |  |  | (8,120 | )
Casa Berardi |  |  | 9,117 |  |  |  | (3,880 | )
San Sebastian |  |  | (2,263 | ) |  |  | 679 |
Nevada Operations |  |  | (3,140 | ) |  |  | 2,889 |
Other |  |  | (16,188 | ) |  |  | (10,749 | )
|  | $ | 38,449 |  |  | $ | (15,064 | )

The following table presents identifiable assets by reportable segment as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Identifiable assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greens Creek |  | $ | 609,612 |  |  | $ | 610,360 |
Lucky Friday |  |  | 513,645 |  |  |  | 520,463 |
Casa Berardi |  |  | 683,103 |  |  |  | 694,522 |
San Sebastian |  |  | 41,238 |  |  |  | 42,617 |
Nevada Operations |  |  | 510,514 |  |  |  | 513,309 |
Other |  |  | 296,965 |  |  |  | 286,453 |
|  | $ | 2,655,077 |  |  | $ | 2,667,724 |

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Sales of products by metal for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Silver |  | $ | 77,760 |  |  | $ | 37,572 |
Gold |  |  | 101,408 |  |  |  | 90,694 |
Lead |  |  | 15,893 |  |  |  | 6,420 |
Zinc |  |  | 29,191 |  |  |  | 17,308 |
Less: Smelter and refining charges |  |  | (13,400 | ) |  |  | (15,069 | )
Sales of products |  | $ | 210,852 |  |  | $ | 136,925 |

Sales of products for the first three months of 2021 and 2020 included net gains of $2.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, on financially-settled forward and put option contracts for silver, gold, lead and zinc contained in our sales. See Note 8 for more information.

Note 3. Income and Mining Taxes

Major components of our income and mining tax (provision) benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | (2,277 | ) |  | $ | (732 | )
Foreign |  |  | (2,286 | ) |  |  | (2,069 | )
Total current income and mining tax provision |  |  | (4,563 | ) |  |  | (2,801 | )
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  | 319 |  |  |  | 1,250 |
Foreign |  |  | (390 | ) |  |  | 2,613 |
Total deferred income and mining tax (provision) benefit |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  | 3,863 |
Total income and mining tax (provision) benefit |  | $ | (4,634 | ) |  | $ | 1,062 |

The income and mining tax (provision) benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 varies from the amounts that would have resulted from applying the statutory tax rates to pre-tax income due primarily to the impact of taxation in foreign jurisdictions and reversal of the valuation allowance portion related to net operating loss utilization.

Effective January 1, 2021, we prospectively reclassified certain income based state and provincial taxes from Cost of Sales and other direct production costs to Income and mining tax (provision) benefit. The income and mining tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2021 increased by $3.1 million due to the reclassification.

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Note 4. Employee Benefit Plans

We sponsor defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all U.S. employees. Net periodic pension cost for the plans consisted of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Service cost |  | $ | 1,455 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |
Interest cost |  |  | 1,248 |  |  |  | 1,404 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (2,313 | ) |  |  | (1,872 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 29 |
Amortization of net loss |  |  | 1,125 |  |  |  | 1,163 |
Net periodic pension cost |  | $ | 1,614 |  |  | $ | 2,058 |

The service cost component of net periodic pension cost is included in the same line items of our condensed consolidated financial statements as other employee compensation costs, and the net expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 of $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to all other components of net periodic pension cost is included in other (expense) income on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In January 2021, we contributed $16.8 million in shares of our common stock to our supplemental executive retirement plan, and expect to contribute approximately $0.8 million during the remainder of 2021. We do not expect to be required to contribute to our defined benefit pension plans in 2021, but may do so.

Note 5. Income (Loss) Per Common Share

We calculate basic income (loss) per common share on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus the effect of potential dilutive common shares during the period using the treasury stock and if-converted methods.

Potential dilutive shares of common stock include outstanding unvested restricted stock awards, performance-based share awards, stock units, warrants and convertible preferred stock for periods in which we have reported net income. For periods in which we report net losses, potential dilutive shares of common stock are excluded, as their conversion and exercise would be anti-dilutive.

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The following table represents net income (loss) per common share – basic and diluted (in thousands, except income (loss) per share):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 18,971 |  |  | $ | (17,185 | )
Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | (138 | )
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares |  | $ | 18,833 |  |  | $ | (17,323 | )
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average common shares |  |  | 534,101 |  |  |  | 523,215 |
Dilutive restricted stock units, warrants and deferred shares |  |  | 6,426 |  |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average common shares |  |  | 540,527 |  |  |  | 523,215 |
Basic income (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )
Diluted income (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | )

Diluted income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 excludes the potential effects of outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock, as their conversion would have no effect on the calculation of dilutive shares.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the calculation of diluted income per common share included (i) 2,863,038 restricted stock units that were unvested during the period, (ii) 1,536,615 warrants to purchase one share of common stock and (iii) 2,026,440 deferred shares that were dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, all outstanding restricted stock units, warrants and deferred shares were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, as our reported net losses for those periods would cause their conversion and exercise to have no effect on the calculation of loss per share.

Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock unit and performance-based grants to employees and shares issued to non-employee directors totaled $0.5 million and $1.2 million for the first three months of 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Common Stock Dividends

On February 18, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.00875 per share of common stock, consisting of $0.00375 per share for the minimum dividend component of our common stock dividend policy and $0.005 per share for the silver-linked dividend component of the policy, for a total dividend of $4.7 million paid in March 2021. The realized silver price of $25.16 in the fourth quarter of 2020 satisfied the criterion for the silver-linked dividend component of our common stock dividend policy.

During May 2021, our Board of Directors approved an increase in our silver-linked dividend by $0.01 per year and approved a quarterly silver-linked dividend of $0.075 based on the first quarter of 2021 realized silver price of $25.66. The table below provides an overview of the augmented silver-linked dividend policy and the increased minimum dividends.

Quarterly Average Realized Silver Price per Ounce |  |  | Quarterly Silver-Linked Dividend per Share |  |  | Annualized Silver-Linked Dividend per Share |  |  | Annualized Minimum Dividend |  |  | Annualized Dividends per Share: Silver-Linked and Minimum |
$25 |  |  | $0.0075 |  |  | $0.03 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.045 |
$30 |  |  | $0.0125 |  |  | $0.05 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.065 |
$35 |  |  | $0.0225 |  |  | $0.09 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.105 |
$40 |  |  | $0.0325 |  |  | $0.13 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.145 |
$45 |  |  | $0.0425 |  |  | $0.17 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.185 |
$50 |  |  | $0.0525 |  |  | $0.21 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.225 |

At-The-Market Equity Distribution Agreement

Pursuant to an equity distribution agreement dated February 18, 2021, we may offer and sell up to 60 million shares of our common stock from time to time to or through sales agents. Sales of the shares, if any, will be made by means of ordinary brokers transactions or as otherwise agreed between the Company and the agents as principals. Whether or not we engage in sales from time to time may depend on a variety of factors, including share price, our cash resources, customary black-out restrictions, and whether we have any material inside information. The agreement can be terminated by us at any time. Any shares issued under the equity distribution agreement are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3. No shares have been sold under the agreement as of March 31, 2021.

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Note 7. Debt, Credit Facility and Leases

Our debt as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of our 7.25% Senior Notes due February 15, 2028 ("Senior Notes") and our Series 2020-A Senior Notes due July 9, 2025 (the “IQ Notes”). The following tables summarize our long-term debt balances, excluding interest, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | Senior Notes |  |  | IQ Notes |  |  | Total |
Principal |  | $ | 475,000 |  |  | $ | 38,359 |  |  | $ | 513,359 |
Unamortized discount/premium and issuance costs |  |  | (6,234 | ) |  |  | 867 |  |  |  | (5,367 | )
Long-term debt balance |  | $ | 468,766 |  |  | $ | 39,226 |  |  | $ | 507,992 |

|  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Senior Notes |  |  | IQ Notes |  |  | Total |
Principal |  | $ | 475,000 |  |  | $ | 37,886 |  |  | $ | 512,886 |
Unamortized discount/premium and issuance costs |  |  | (6,462 | ) |  |  | 818 |  |  |  | (5,644 | )
Long-term debt balance |  | $ | 468,538 |  |  | $ | 38,704 |  |  | $ | 507,242 |

The following table summarizes the scheduled annual future payments, including interest, for our Senior Notes, IQ Notes, and finance and operating leases as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands). The amounts for the IQ Notes are stated in U.S. dollars ("USD") based on the USD/Canadian dollar ("CAD") exchange rate as of March 31, 2021.

Twelve-month period ending March 31, |  | Senior Notes |  |  | IQ Notes |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Operating Leases |
2022 |  | $ | 34,438 |  |  | $ | 2,499 |  |  | $ | 7,329 |  |  | $ | 3,696 |
2023 |  |  | 34,438 |  |  |  | 2,499 |  |  |  | 5,132 |  |  |  | 2,706 |
2024 |  |  | 34,438 |  |  |  | 2,499 |  |  |  | 3,643 |  |  |  | 2,002 |
2025 |  |  | 34,438 |  |  |  | 2,499 |  |  |  | 2,076 |  |  |  | 549 |
2026 |  |  | 34,438 |  |  |  | 39,045 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 525 |
Thereafter |  |  | 539,568 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,213 |
Total |  | $ | 711,758 |  |  | $ | 49,041 |  |  | $ | 18,180 |  |  | $ | 11,691 |

Credit Facility

In July 2018, we entered into a $250 million senior secured revolving credit facility which has a term ending on February 7, 2023. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no amounts were outstanding under the facility.

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We are also able to obtain letters of credit under the facility, and for any such letters we are required to pay a participation fee of between 2.25% and 4.00% of the amount of the letters of credit based on our total leverage ratio, as well as a fronting fee to each issuing bank of 0.20% annually on the average daily dollar amount of any outstanding letters of credit. There were $20.3 million in letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2021.

We believe we were in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement as of March 31, 2021.

Note 8. Derivative Instruments

General

Our current risk management policy provides that up to 75% of:

| • | our future foreign currency-related operating cost exposure for five years into the future may be hedged and for potential additional programs to manage other foreign currency-related exposure areas; and

| • | our planned lead and zinc metals price exposure for five years into the future, with certain other limitations, to be covered under derivatives programs that would establish a ceiling for prices to be realized on future metals sales.

These instruments do, however, expose us to (i) credit risk in the form of non-performance by counterparties for contracts in which the contract price exceeds the spot price of the hedged commodity or foreign currency and (ii) price risk to the extent that the spot price exceeds the contract price for quantities of our production and/or forecasted costs covered under contract positions.

Foreign Currency

Our wholly-owned subsidiaries owning the Casa Berardi and San Sebastian operations are USD-functional entities which routinely incur expenses denominated in CAD and Mexican pesos ("MXN"), respectively. Such expenses expose us to exchange rate fluctuations between the USD and CAD and MXN. We have a program to manage our exposure to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the USD and CAD and MXN for these subsidiaries' future operating costs denominated in CAD and MXN. The programs utilize forward contracts to buy CAD and MXN, and each contract is designated as a cash flow hedge. As of March 31, 2021, we have 133 forward contracts outstanding to buy a total of CAD$256.8 million having a notional amount of USD$194.8 million. The CAD contracts are related to forecasted cash operating costs at Casa Berardi to be incurred from 2021 through 2024 and have CAD-to-USD exchange rates ranging between 1.2702 and 1.3785. There were no outstanding contracts for MXN as of March 31, 2021.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we recorded the following balances for the fair value of the contracts (in millions):

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
Balance sheet line item: |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Current derivatives assets |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |
Non-current derivatives assets |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | 4.2 |

Net unrealized gains of approximately $9.5 million related to the effective portion of the hedges were included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2021. Unrealized gains and losses will be transferred from accumulated other comprehensive loss to current earnings as the underlying operating expenses are recognized. We estimate approximately $4.8 million in net unrealized gains included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2021 will be reclassified to current earnings in the next twelve months. Net realized gains of approximately $0.6 million on contracts related to underlying expenses which have been recognized were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive loss and included in cost of sales and other direct production costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021. No net unrealized gains or losses related to ineffectiveness of the hedges were included in current earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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Metals Prices

We are currently using financially-settled forward contracts to manage the exposure to:

| • | changes in prices of silver, gold, zinc and lead contained in our concentrate shipments between the time of shipment and final settlement; and

| • | changes in prices of zinc and lead (but not silver and gold) contained in our forecasted future concentrate shipments.

The following tables summarize the quantities of metals committed under forward sales contracts at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

March 31, 2021 |  | Ounces/pounds under contract (in 000's) |  |  | Average price per ounce/pound |
|  | Silver |  |  | Gold |  |  | Zinc |  |  | Lead |  |  | Silver |  |  | Gold |  |  | Zinc |  |  | Lead |
|  | (ounces) |  |  | (ounces) |  |  | (pounds) |  |  | (pounds) |  |  | (ounces) |  |  | (ounces) |  |  | (pounds) |  |  | (pounds) |
Contracts on provisional sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 settlements |  |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 12,070 |  |  |  | 1,587 |  |  | $ | 25.48 |  |  | $ | 1,736 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |
Contracts on forecasted sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33,841 |  |  |  | 30,479 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 1.20 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |
2022 settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53,407 |  |  |  | 42,715 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |
2023 settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,171 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  |  | N/A |

December 31, 2020 |  | Ounces/pounds under contract (in 000's) |  |  | Average price per ounce/pound |
|  | Silver |  |  | Gold |  |  | Zinc |  |  | Lead |  |  | Silver |  |  | Gold |  |  | Zinc |  |  | Lead |
|  | (ounces) |  |  | (ounces) |  |  | (pounds) |  |  | (pounds) |  |  | (ounces) |  |  | (ounces) |  |  | (pounds) |  |  | (pounds) |
Contracts on provisional sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 settlements |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 23,314 |  |  |  | 4,905 |  |  | $ | 25.00 |  |  | $ | 1,858 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |
Contracts on forecasted sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,577 |  |  |  | 30,876 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 1.17 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |
2022 settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,519 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 1.28 |  |  |  | N/A |

In June 2019, we began utilizing financially-settled put option contracts to manage the exposure of our forecasted future gold and silver sales to potential declines in market prices for those metals. These put contracts gave us the option, but not the obligation, to realize established prices on quantities of silver and gold to be sold in the future. As of December 31, 2020, we had put contracts that provided average floor prices of $16.50 per ounce for silver and $1,650 per ounce for gold for a total of 1.1 million silver ounces and 12,992 gold ounces. We had no put option contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2021.

These forward and put option contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes and are marked-to-market through earnings each period.

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We recorded the following balances for the fair value of the forward contracts as of March 31, 2021 and forward and put option contracts as of December 31, 2020 (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Balance sheet line item: |  | Contracts in an asset position |  |  | Contracts in a liability position |  |  | Net asset (liability) |  |  | Contracts in an asset position |  |  | Contracts in a liability position |  |  | Net asset (liability) |
Current derivatives assets |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | (1.1 | ) |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | — |
Non-current derivatives assets |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 0.4 |
Current derivatives liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3.9 | ) |  |  | (3.9 | ) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | (11.8 | ) |  |  | (11.7 | )
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

We recognized $2.8 million and $1.7 million net gains during the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively, on the contracts utilized to manage exposure to prices of metals in our concentrate shipments, which is included in sales of products. The net gains recognized on the contracts offsets losses related to price adjustments on our provisional concentrate sales due to changes to silver, gold, lead and zinc prices between the time of sale and final settlement.

We recognized $0.5 million and $7.9 million net gains during the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively, on the contracts utilized to manage exposure to prices for forecasted future sales. The net gains on these contracts are included as a separate line item under other income (expense), as they relate to forecasted future sales, as opposed to sales that have already taken place but are subject to final pricing as discussed in the preceding paragraph. The net gain for the first quarter of 2021 is the result of a decrease in zinc and lead prices.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

Certain of our derivative contracts contain cross default provisions which provide that a default under our revolving credit agreement would cause a default under the derivative contract. As of March 31, 2021, we have not posted any collateral related to these contracts. The fair value of derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements was $6.4 million as of March 31, 2021, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk. If we were in breach of any of these provisions at March 31, 2021, we could have been required to settle our obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $6.4 million.

Note 9. Fair Value Measurement

Accounting guidance has established a hierarchy for inputs used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. The three levels included in the hierarchy are:

Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: significant other observable inputs; and

Level 3: significant unobservable inputs.

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The table below sets forth our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and the fair value calculation input hierarchy level that we have determined applies to each asset and liability category (in thousands).

Description |  | Balance at March 31, 2021 |  |  | Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | Input Hierarchy Level
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds and other bank deposits |  | $ | 139,750 |  |  | $ | 129,830 |  | Level 1
Current and non-current investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities – mining industry |  |  | 11,717 |  |  |  | 19,389 |  | Level 1
Trade accounts receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables from provisional concentrate sales |  |  | 35,274 |  |  |  | 27,864 |  | Level 2
Restricted cash balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit and other bank deposits |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | 1,053 |  | Level 1
Derivative contracts - current and non-current derivatives assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal forward and put option contracts |  |  | 4,349 |  |  |  | 381 |  | Level 2
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 9,192 |  |  |  | 7,647 |  | Level 2
Total assets |  | $ | 201,335 |  |  | $ | 186,164 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contracts - current derivatives liabilities and other non-current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal forward and put option contracts |  | $ | 4,742 |  |  | $ | 11,737 |  | Level 2
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |  | Level 2
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 4,742 |  |  | $ | 11,756 |  |

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds and are valued at cost, which approximates fair value, and a small portion consists of municipal bonds having maturities of less than 90 days, which are recorded at fair value.

Current and non-current restricted cash balances consist primarily of certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury securities, and other deposits and are valued at cost, which approximates fair value.

Our non-current available for sale securities consist of marketable equity securities of companies in the mining industry which are valued using quoted market prices for each security.

Trade accounts receivable from provisional concentrate sales are subject to final pricing and valued using quoted prices based on forward curves for the particular metal. The embedded derivative contained in our concentrate sales is adjusted to fair market value through earnings each period prior to final settlement.

We use financially-settled forward contracts to manage exposure to changes in the exchange rate between USD and CAD and MXN, and the impact on CAD- and MXN-denominated operating costs incurred at our Casa Berardi and San Sebastian units (see Note 8 for more information). The fair value of each contract represents the present value of the difference between the forward exchange rate for the contract settlement period as of the measurement date and the contract settlement exchange rate.

We use financially-settled forward contracts to manage the exposure to changes in prices of silver, gold, zinc and lead contained in our concentrate shipments that have not reached final settlement. We also use financially-settled forward and put option contracts to manage the exposure to changes in prices of silver, gold, zinc and lead contained in our forecasted future sales (see Note 8 for more information). The fair value of each forward contract represents the present value of the difference between the forward metal price for the contract settlement period as of the measurement date and the contract settlement metal price. The fair value of each put option contract is measured using the Black-Scholes pricing model, with inputs for the period-end metal price and assumed metal price volatility and discount rate.

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Our Senior Notes, which were recorded at their carrying value of $468.8 million, net of unamortized initial purchaser discount and issuance costs, had a fair value of $509.7 million at March 31, 2021. Quoted market prices, which we consider to be Level 1 inputs, are utilized to estimate fair values of the Senior Notes. See Note 7 for more information.

Note 10. Commitments, Contingencies and Obligations

General

We follow GAAP guidance in determining our accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies, and evaluate such accruals and contingencies for each reporting period. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability could be incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred.

Lucky Friday Water Permit Matters

In December 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") issued to Hecla Limited a request for information under Section 308 of the Clean Water Act directing Hecla Limited to undertake a comprehensive groundwater investigation of Lucky Friday’s tailings pond no. 3 to evaluate whether the pond is causing the discharge of pollutants via seepage to groundwater that is discharging to surface water. We completed the investigation mandated by the EPA and submitted a draft report to the agency in December 2015. We are waiting for the EPA’s response and we cannot predict what further action, if any, the agency may take.

Johnny M Mine Area near San Mateo, McKinley County and San Mateo Creek Basin, New Mexico

In May 2011, the EPA made a formal request to Hecla Mining Company for information regarding the Johnny M Mine Area near San Mateo, McKinley County, New Mexico, and asserted that Hecla Mining Company may be responsible under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA") for environmental remediation and past costs the EPA has incurred at the site. Mining at the Johnny M Mine was conducted for a limited period of time by a predecessor of our subsidiary, Hecla Limited. In August 2012, Hecla Limited and the EPA entered into a Settlement Agreement and Administrative Order on Consent for Removal Action (“Consent Order”), pursuant to which Hecla Limited agreed to pay (i) $1.1 million to the EPA for its past response costs at the site and (ii) any future response costs at the site under the Consent Order, in exchange for a covenant not to sue by the EPA. Hecla Limited paid the $1.1 million to the EPA for its past response costs and in December 2014 submitted to EPA the Engineering Evaluation and Cost Analysis (“EE/CA”) for the site which recommended on-site disposal of mine-related material. In January 2021, the EPA contacted Hecla Limited to begin negotiations on a new consent order to design and implement the on-site disposal response action recommended in the EE/CA. Based on the foregoing, we believe it is probable that Hecla Limited will incur a liability for the CERCLA removal action and we have increased our accrual to $9.0 million in the first quarter of 2021 ($6.1 million at December 31, 2020) primarily representing estimated costs to begin design and implementation of the remedy. It is possible that Hecla Limited’s liability will be more than $9.0 million, and any increase in liability could have a material adverse effect on Hecla Limited’s or our results of operations or financial position.

The Johnny M Mine is in an area known as the San Mateo Creek Basin (“SMCB”), which is an approximately 321 square mile area in New Mexico that contains numerous legacy uranium mines and mills. In addition to Johnny M, Hecla Limited's predecessor was involved at other mining sites within the SMCB. The EPA appears to have deferred consideration of listing the SMCB site on CERCLA’s National Priorities List ("Superfund") by removing the site from its emphasis list, and is working with various potentially responsible parties ("PRPs") at the site in order to study and potentially address perceived groundwater issues within the SMCB. The EE/CA discussed above relates primarily to contaminated rock and soil at the Johnny M site, not groundwater and not elsewhere within the SMCB site. It is possible that Hecla Limited’s liability at the Johnny M Site, and for any other mine site within the SMCB at which Hecla Limited's predecessor may have operated, will be greater than our current accrual of $9.0 million due to the increased scope of required remediation.

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In July 2018, the EPA informed Hecla Limited that it and several other PRPs may be liable for cleanup of the SMCB site or for costs incurred by the EPA in cleaning up the site. The EPA stated it has incurred approximately $9.6 million in response costs to date. Hecla Limited cannot with reasonable certainty estimate the amount or range of liability, if any, relating to this matter because of, among other reasons, the lack of information concerning the site, including the relative contributions of contamination by the various PRPs.

Carpenter Snow Creek and Barker-Hughesville Sites in Montana

In July 2010, the EPA made a formal request to Hecla Mining Company for information regarding the Carpenter Snow Creek Superfund site located in Cascade County, Montana. The Carpenter Snow Creek site is located in a historic mining district, and in the early 1980s Hecla Limited leased 6 mining claims and performed limited exploration activities at the site. Hecla Limited terminated the mining lease in 1988.

In June 2011, the EPA informed Hecla Limited that it believes Hecla Limited, and several other PRPs, may be liable for cleanup of the site or for costs incurred by the EPA in cleaning up the site. The EPA stated in the letter that it has incurred approximately $4.5 million in response costs and estimated that total remediation costs may exceed $100 million. Hecla Limited cannot with reasonable certainty estimate the amount or range of liability, if any, relating to this matter because of, among other reasons, the lack of information concerning the site, including the relative contributions of contamination by various other PRPs.

In February 2017, the EPA made a formal request to Hecla Mining Company for information regarding the Barker-Hughesville Mining District Superfund site located in Judith Basin and Cascade Counties, Montana. Hecla Limited submitted a response in April 2017. The Barker-Hughesville site is located in a historic mining district, and between approximately June and December 1983, Hecla Limited was party to an agreement with another mining company under which limited exploration activities occurred at or near the site.

In August 2018, the EPA informed Hecla Limited that it and several other PRPs may be liable for cleanup of the site or for costs incurred by the EPA in cleaning up the site. The EPA did not include an amount of its alleged response costs to date. Hecla Limited cannot with reasonable certainty estimate the amount or range of liability, if any, relating to this matter because of, among other reasons, the lack of information concerning past or anticipated future costs at the site and the relative contributions of contamination by various other PRPs.

Claim for Indemnification Against CoCa Mines, Inc.

In 1991, Hecla Limited acquired CoCa Mines, Inc. (“CoCa”) and its subsidiary Creede Resources, Inc. (“CRI”). CoCa and CRI previously operated in the State of Colorado, but presently have limited assets and operations. Between 2014 and 2019, a PRP alleged that CoCa and CRI are required by a 1989 agreement to indemnify it for certain environmental costs and liabilities it may incur with respect to the Nelson Tunnel/Commodore Waste Rock Pile Superfund site in Creede, Colorado. In 2016, without admitting any liability, Hecla Limited, CoCa and CRI entered into a Consent Decree with the United States and the State of Colorado settling any regulatory liability they may have had at the site. On October 30, 2019, the PRP filed a lawsuit in Mineral County, Colorado alleging, among other things, that CoCa and CRI are in breach of contract for failure to indemnify the PRP for its liability to the U.S. under CERCLA with respect to the site. In addition, the lawsuit names Hecla Limited as a defendant in its role as the shareholder of CoCa. The PRP seeks in excess of $5 million in damages, including attorneys’ fees and costs. The lawsuit will be vigorously defended and we believe strong defenses exist against all claims made therein and, as noted above, both CoCa and CRI have limited assets with which to satisfy any claim.

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Litigation Related to Klondex Acquisition

On May 24, 2019, a purported Hecla stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against Hecla and certain of our executive officers, one of whom is also a director. The complaint, purportedly brought on behalf of all purchasers of Hecla common stock from March 19, 2018 through and including May 8, 2019, asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and seeks, among other things, damages and costs and expenses. Specifically, the complaint alleges that Hecla, under the authority and control of the individual defendants, made certain material false and misleading statements and omitted certain material information regarding Hecla’s Nevada Operations unit. The complaint alleges that these misstatements and omissions artificially inflated the market price of Hecla common stock during the class period, thus purportedly harming investors. Filings with the court regarding our motion to dismiss the lawsuit were completed in the first quarter of 2021. We cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits or estimate damages if plaintiffs were to prevail. We believe that these claims are without merit and intend to defend them vigorously.

Debt

See Note 7 for information on the commitments related to our debt arrangements as of March 31, 2021.

Other Commitments

Our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2021 included approximately $2.1 million for various costs. In addition, our open purchase orders at March 31, 2021 included approximately $4.0 million, $0.7 million, $2.8 million and $2.7 million for various capital and non-capital items at the Lucky Friday, Casa Berardi, Greens Creek and Nevada Operations units, respectively. We also have total commitments of approximately $18.2 million relating to scheduled payments on finance leases, including interest, primarily for equipment at our Greens Creek, Lucky Friday, Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations units, and total commitments of approximately $11.7 million relating to payments on operating leases (see Note 7 for more information). As part of our ongoing business and operations, we are required to provide surety bonds, bank letters of credit, and restricted deposits for various purposes, including financial support for environmental reclamation obligations and workers compensation programs. As of March 31, 2021, we had surety bonds totaling $176.8 million and letters of credit totaling $20.3 million in place as financial support for future reclamation and closure costs, self-insurance, and employee benefit plans. The obligations associated with these instruments are generally related to performance requirements that we address through ongoing operations. As the requirements are met, the beneficiary of the associated instruments cancels or returns the instrument to the issuing entity. Certain of these instruments are associated with operating sites with long-lived assets and will remain outstanding until closure of the sites. We believe we are in compliance with all applicable bonding requirements and will be able to satisfy future bonding requirements as they arise.

Other Contingencies

We also have certain other contingencies resulting from litigation, claims, EPA investigations, and other commitments and are subject to a variety of environmental and safety laws and regulations incident to the ordinary course of business. We currently have no basis to conclude that any or all of such contingencies will materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the future, there may be changes to these contingencies, or additional contingencies may occur, any of which might result in an accrual or a change in current accruals recorded by us, and there can be no assurance that their ultimate disposition will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Note 11. Developments in Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Updates Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The update contains a number of provisions intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We adopted the update as of January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Accounting Standards Updates to Become Effective in Future Periods

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic

470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The update is to address issues identified as a result of the complexity associated with applying generally accepted accounting principles for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years and with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q, including in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk, are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided for under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our forward-looking statements include our current expectations and projections about future results, performance, results of litigation, prospects and opportunities, including reserves and other mineralization. We have tried to identify these forward-looking statements by using words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “feel,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us and are expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, our forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements.

These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors in our annual report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to Hecla Mining Company or to persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Except as required by federal securities laws, we do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A"), “Hecla”,” the Company”, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Hecla Mining Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where the context requires otherwise. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the related MD&A and the discussion of our Business and Properties in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 ("2020 Form 10-K"), filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The results of operations reported and summarized below are not necessarily indicative of future operating results (refer to “Forward-Looking Statements” above for further discussion). References to “Notes” are Notes included in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). Throughout MD&A, all references to losses or income per share are on a diluted basis.

Overview

Established in 1891 in northern Idaho’s Silver Valley, we believe we are the oldest operating precious metals mining company in the United States and the largest silver producer in the United States. Our corporate offices are in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho and Vancouver, British Columbia. Our production profile includes:

| • | concentrates containing silver, gold, lead and zinc, which is shipped to various smelters or sold to metal traders;

| • | unrefined doré containing gold and silver, which is sold to refiners or further refined before sale of the metals to traders; and

| • | carbon material containing gold and silver, which is sold to third-party processors.

Our operating properties comprise our five business segments for financial reporting purposes: the Greens Creek operating unit on Admiralty Island in Alaska, the Lucky Friday operating unit in Idaho, the Casa Berardi operating unit in Quebec, Canada, the San Sebastian operating unit in Durango, Mexico, and the Nevada Operations unit in northern Nevada. Since our operating mines are located in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, we believe they have low or relatively moderate political risk, and less economic risk than mines located in other parts of the world. Our exploration interests are also in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and are located in historical mining districts. The map below shows the locations of our operating units, our exploration and pre-development projects, as well as our corporate offices located in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and Vancouver, British Columbia.

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Our current business strategy is to focus our financial and human resources in the following areas:

| • | rapidly responding to the threats from the COVID-19 pandemic to protect our workforce, operations and communities while maintaining liquidity;

| • | operating our properties safely, in an environmentally responsible manner, and cost-effectively;

| • | optimizing and improving operations at our units, which includes incurring costs for new technologies and equipment that may not result in measurable benefits;

| • | expanding our proven and probable reserves and production capacity at our units;

| • | conducting our business with financial stewardship to preserve our financial position in varying metals price and operational environments;

| • | advancing permitting of the Rock Creek and Montanore projects;

| • | maintaining and investing in exploration and pre-development projects in the vicinities of seven mining districts and projects we believe to be under-explored and under-invested: North Idaho's Silver Valley in the historic Coeur d'Alene Mining District; our Greens Creek unit on Alaska's Admiralty Island located near Juneau; the silver-producing district near Durango, Mexico; the Abitibi region of northwestern Quebec, Canada; our projects in northern Nevada; the Rock Creek and Montanore projects in northwestern Montana; and the Creede district of southwestern Colorado; and

| • | continuing to seek opportunities to acquire or invest in mining properties and companies.

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The COVID-19 outbreak impacted our operations in 2020, including adversely impacting our expected production of gold at Casa Berardi, and has continued to impact our operations in 2021. We incurred additional costs of approximately $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2021 and $2.3 million for the full year of 2020 related to quarantining employees at Greens Creek, which started in late March 2020. See each segment section below for information on how those operations have been impacted by COVID-19. To mitigate the impact of COVID-19, we have taken precautionary measures, including implementing operational plans and practices and increasing our cash reserves through a temporary draw-down of our revolving credit facility, which has since been fully repaid. As long as they are required, the operational practices implemented could continue to have an adverse impact on our operating results due to additional costs or deferred production and revenues. There is uncertainty related to the potential additional impacts COVID-19 could have on our operations and financial results for the remainder of 2021. In our 2020 Form 10-K, see Item IA. Risk Factors - Natural disasters, public health crises (including COVID-19), political crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control may materially and adversely affect our business or financial results and COVID-19 virus pandemic may heighten other risks for information on how restrictions related to COVID-19 have recently affected some of our operations.

A number of key factors may impact the execution of our strategy, including regulatory issues and metals prices. Metals prices can be very volatile and are influenced by a number of factors beyond our control (except on a limited basis through the use of derivative contracts). See Item 7. Critical Accounting Estimates in our 2020 Form 10-K. The average realized prices of silver, gold lead and zinc were higher in the first three months of 2021 than in the comparable period last year, as illustrated by the table in Results of Operations below. While we believe longer-term global economic and industrial trends could result in continued demand for the metals we produce, prices have been volatile and there can be no assurance that current prices will continue.

Volatility in global financial markets and other factors can pose a significant challenge to our ability to access credit and equity markets, should we need to do so, and to predict sales prices for our products. To help mitigate this challenge, we utilize forward contracts to manage exposure to declines in the prices of (i) silver, gold, zinc and lead contained in our concentrates that have been shipped but have not yet settled, and (ii) zinc and lead that we forecast for future concentrate shipments. We have also utilized put option contracts to manage exposure to declines in the prices of silver and gold in our forecasted future sales of those metals. In addition, we have in place a $250 million revolving credit agreement, of which $20.3 million was used as of March 31, 2021 for letters of credit, leaving approximately $229.7 million available for borrowing.

We strive to achieve excellent mine safety and health performance. We seek to implement this goal by: training employees in safe work practices; establishing, following and improving safety standards; investigating accidents, incidents and losses to avoid recurrence; involving employees in the establishment of safety standards; and participating in the National Mining Association’s CORESafety program. We attempt to implement reasonable best practices with respect to mine safety and emergency preparedness. We work with MSHA to address issues outlined in its investigations and inspections and continue to evaluate our safety practices. Achieving and maintaining compliance with MSHA regulations will be challenging and may increase our operating costs. See Item 1A. Risk Factors - We face substantial governmental regulation, including the Mine Safety and Health Act, various environmental laws and regulations and the 1872 Mining Law in our 2020 Form 10-K.

Another challenge for us is the risk associated with environmental litigation and ongoing reclamation activities. As described Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2020 Form 10-K and in Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), it is possible that our estimate of these liabilities (and our ability to estimate liabilities in general) may change in the future, affecting our strategic plans. We are involved in various environmental legal matters and the estimate of our environmental liabilities and liquidity needs, as well as our strategic plans, may be significantly impacted as a result of these matters or new matters that may arise. We strive to ensure that our activities are conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and attempt to resolve environmental litigation on terms as favorable to us as possible.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

Sales of products by metal for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Silver |  | $ | 77,760 |  |  | $ | 37,572 |
Gold |  |  | 101,408 |  |  |  | 90,694 |
Lead |  |  | 15,893 |  |  |  | 6,420 |
Zinc |  |  | 29,191 |  |  |  | 17,308 |
Less: Smelter and refining charges |  |  | (13,400 | ) |  |  | (15,069 | )
Sales of products |  | $ | 210,852 |  |  | $ | 136,925 |

The fluctuations in sales for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 were primarily due to the following two reasons:

| • | Higher average realized prices for silver, gold, lead and zinc. These price variances are illustrated in the table below.

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Silver – London PM Fix ($/ounce) |  | $ | 26.29 |  |  | $ | 16.94 |
Realized price per ounce |  | $ | 25.66 |  |  | $ | 14.48 |
Gold – London PM Fix ($/ounce) |  | $ | 1,798 |  |  | $ | 1,583 |
Realized price per ounce |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | 1,588 |
Lead – LME Final Cash Buyer ($/pound) |  | $ | 0.92 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |
Realized price per pound |  | $ | 0.92 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Zinc – LME Final Cash Buyer ($/pound) |  | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |
Realized price per pound |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |

Average realized prices typically differ from average market prices primarily because concentrate sales are generally recorded as revenues at the time of shipment at forward prices for the estimated month of settlement, which differ from average market prices. Due to the time elapsed between shipment of concentrates and final settlement with the customers, we must estimate the prices at which sales of our metals will be settled. Previously recorded sales are adjusted to estimated settlement metals prices each period through final settlement. For the first quarter of 2021, we recorded net positive price adjustments to provisional settlements of $0.6 million compared to net positive price adjustments to provisional settlements of $2.6 million in the first quarter of 2020. The price adjustments related to silver, gold, lead and zinc contained in our concentrate shipments were largely offset by gains and losses on forward contracts for those metals for the first quarter of 2021. See Note 8 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information. The gains and losses on these contracts are included in revenues and impact the realized prices for silver, gold, lead and zinc. Realized prices are calculated by dividing gross revenues for each metal (which include the price adjustments and gains and losses on the forward contracts discussed above) by the payable quantities of each metal included in concentrate and doré shipped during the period.

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| • | Higher quantities of silver, gold, zinc and lead sold as a result of the timing of shipments and higher production of silver, lead and zinc. See The Greens Creek Segment, The Lucky Friday Segment, The Casa Berardi Segment, The San Sebastian Segment and The Nevada Operations Segment sections below for more information on metals production and sales volumes at each of our operating segments. Total metals production and sales volumes for each period are shown in the following table:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Silver - Ounces produced |  |  | 3,459,446 |  |  |  | 3,245,469 |
Payable ounces sold |  |  | 3,030,026 |  |  |  | 2,582,279 |
Gold - Ounces produced |  |  | 52,004 |  |  |  | 58,792 |
Payable ounces sold |  |  | 57,286 |  |  |  | 57,103 |
Lead - Tons produced |  |  | 10,704 |  |  |  | 5,893 |
Payable tons sold |  |  | 8,668 |  |  |  | 4,130 |
Zinc - Tons produced |  |  | 16,107 |  |  |  | 12,847 |
Payable tons sold |  |  | 11,027 |  |  |  | 9,836 |

The difference between what we report as "ounces/tons produced" and "payable ounces/tons sold" is attributable to the difference between the quantities of metals contained in our products versus the portion of those metals actually paid for by our customers according to the terms of our sales contracts. Differences can also arise from inventory changes incidental to shipping schedules, or variances in ore grades which impact the amount of metals contained in concentrates produced and sold.

Sales, total cost of sales, gross profit, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce ("Cash Cost") (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce ("AISC") (non-GAAP) at our operating units for the three-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands, except for Cash Cost and AISC):

|  | Silver |  |  | Gold |
|  | Greens Creek |  |  | Lucky Friday |  |  | San Sebastian |  |  | Total Silver |  |  | Casa Berardi |  |  | Nevada Operations |  |  | Total Gold |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales |  | $ | 98,409 |  |  | $ | 29,122 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 127,704 |  |  | $ | 72,911 |  |  | $ | 10,237 |  |  | $ | 83,148 |
Total cost of sales |  |  | (53,181 | ) |  |  | (22,794 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (76,069 | ) |  |  | (62,516 | ) |  |  | (7,455 | ) |  |  | (69,971 | )
Gross profit |  | $ | 45,228 |  |  | $ | 6,328 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 51,635 |  |  | $ | 10,395 |  |  | $ | 2,782 |  |  | $ | 13,177 |
Cash Cost per silver or gold ounce |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 7.62 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.40 |  |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 1,052 |
AISC per silver or gold ounce |  | $ | 1.59 |  |  | $ | 14.24 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7.21 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,284 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales |  | $ | 53,833 |  |  | $ | 2,830 |  |  | $ | 9,927 |  |  | $ | 66,590 |  |  | $ | 46,172 |  |  | $ | 24,163 |  |  | $ | 70,335 |
Total cost of sales |  |  | (49,182 | ) |  |  | (2,832 | ) |  |  | (8,300 | ) |  |  | (60,314 | ) |  |  | (48,325 | ) |  |  | (16,914 | ) |  |  | (65,239 | )
Gross profit |  | $ | 4,651 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1,627 |  |  | $ | 6,276 |  |  | $ | (2,153 | ) |  | $ | 7,249 |  |  | $ | 5,096 |
Cash Cost per silver or gold ounce |  | $ | 5.63 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.91 |  |  | $ | 5.77 |  |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |
AISC per silver or gold ounce |  | $ | 7.90 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9.59 |  |  | $ | 11.06 |  |  | $ | 1,615 |  |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |

| (1) | A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, the most comparable GAAP measure, can be found below in Reconciliation of Cost of Sales and Other Direct Production Costs and Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (GAAP) to Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and Cash Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, Before By-product Credits and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP).

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While revenue from zinc, lead and gold by-products is significant, we believe that identification of silver as the primary product of Greens Creek, Lucky Friday and San Sebastian is appropriate because:

| • | silver has historically accounted for a higher proportion of revenue than any other metal and is expected to do so in the future;

| • | we have historically presented these units as a producer primarily of silver, based on the original analysis that justified putting the project into production, and believe that consistency in disclosure is important to our investors regardless of the relationships of metals prices and production from year to year;

| • | metallurgical treatment maximizes silver recovery;

| • | the Greens Creek deposit is a massive sulfide deposit containing an unusually high proportion of silver; and in most of its working areas, Greens Creek utilizes selective mining methods in which silver is the metal targeted for highest recovery.

Likewise, we believe the identification of gold, lead and zinc as by-product credits at Greens Creek, Lucky Friday and San Sebastian is appropriate because of their lower economic value compared to silver and due to the fact that silver is the primary product we intend to produce. In addition, we have not consistently received sufficient revenue from any single by-product metal to warrant classification of such as a co-product.

We periodically review our revenues to ensure that reporting of primary products and by-products is appropriate. Because for Greens Creek, Lucky Friday and San Sebastian we consider zinc, lead and gold to be by-products of our silver production, the values of these metals offset operating costs within our calculations of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce.

We believe the identification of silver as a by-product credit is appropriate at Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations because of its lower economic value compared to gold and due to the fact that gold is the primary product we intend to produce there. In addition, we do not receive sufficient revenue from silver at Casa Berardi to warrant classification of such as a co-product. Because we consider silver to be a by-product of our gold production at Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations, the value of silver offsets operating costs within our calculations of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce.

For the first quarter of 2021, we recorded income applicable to common stockholders of $18.8 million ($0.04 per basic common share), compared to a loss of $17.3 million ($0.03 per basic common share) during the first quarter of 2020. The following factors contributed to the results for the first three months of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020:

| • | Variances in gross profit (loss) at our operating units as illustrated in the table above. See The Greens Creek Segment, The Lucky Friday Segment, The Casa Berardi Segment, The San Sebastian Segment and The Nevada Operations Segment sections below.

| • | Ramp-up costs at Lucky Friday decreased by $8.1 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 due to the return to full production starting in the fourth quarter of 2020. See The Lucky Friday Segment section below.

| • | Lower interest expense by $5.6 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020, with the decrease due to the following items in 2020: (i) interest recognized on both our 7.25% Senior Notes due February 15, 2028 ("Senior Notes") and our previously-outstanding 6.875% Senior Notes that were due in 2021 ("2021 Notes") for an overlapping period of almost one month, as the Senior Notes were issued on February 19, 2020 and the 2021 Notes were redeemed on March 19, 2020, (ii) $1.7 million in unamortized initial purchaser discount on the 2021 Notes recognized as expense upon their redemption and (iii) higher interest related to amounts drawn on our revolving credit facility.

| • | A net loss on investments in other mining companies of $2.4 million, including a $3.6 million unrealized loss and a $1.2 million gain on exchange of investments, in the first quarter of 2021 compared to a net loss of $1.0 million in the first quarter of 2020.

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| • | Higher other operating expense by $2.7 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 due to project costs incurred to identify and implement potential operational improvements at Casa Berardi.

| • | Provision for closed operations and environmental matters increased by $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 primarily due to a $2.9 million increase in the accrual for estimated costs at the Johnny M site in New Mexico (see Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information).

| • | Exploration and pre-development expense increased by $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020. In the first quarter of 2021, exploration was primarily at our San Sebastian, Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations units.

| • | A gain on metal derivatives contracts of $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to a gain of $7.9 million in the first quarter of 2020. See Note 8 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information.

| • | A net foreign exchange loss in the first quarter of 2021 of $2.1 million versus a net gain of $6.6 million in the first quarter of 2020, with the variance primarily related to the impact of a weakening of the Canadian dollar ("CAD") relative to the U.S. dollar ("USD") on remeasurement of our assets and liabilities in Quebec. During the first quarter of 2021, the applicable CAD-to-USD exchange rate decreased from 1.2732 to 1.2575, compared to an increase in the rate from 1.2989 to 1.4186 during the first quarter of 2020.

| • | An income and mining tax provision of $4.6 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to an income and mining tax benefit of $1.1 million in the first quarter of 2020. The provision in the 2021 period is primarily the result of income in Quebec and the reclassification of certain income-based state and provincial taxes from Cost of sales and other direct production costs to Income and mining tax provision (see Note 3 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information).

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The Greens Creek Segment

Dollars are in thousands (except per ounce and per ton amounts) |  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Sales |  | $ | 98,409 |  |  | $ | 53,833 |
Cost of sales and other direct production costs |  |  | (38,360 | ) |  |  | (36,753 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (14,821 | ) |  |  | (12,429 | )
Total cost of sales |  |  | (53,181 | ) |  |  | (49,182 | )
Gross profit |  | $ | 45,228 |  |  | $ | 4,651 |
Tons of ore milled |  |  | 194,080 |  |  |  | 198,804 |
Production: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 2,584,870 |  |  |  | 2,775,707 |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 13,266 |  |  |  | 12,273 |
Zinc (tons) |  |  | 13,354 |  |  |  | 12,487 |
Lead (tons) |  |  | 4,924 |  |  |  | 5,198 |
Payable metal quantities sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 2,247,274 |  |  |  | 2,093,720 |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 10,547 |  |  |  | 10,321 |
Zinc (tons) |  |  | 9,097 |  |  |  | 9,652 |
Lead (tons) |  |  | 3,645 |  |  |  | 3,460 |
Ore grades: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver ounces per ton |  |  | 16.01 |  |  |  | 16.87 |
Gold ounces per ton |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | 0.08 |
Zinc percent |  |  | 7.62 |  |  |  | 6.89 |
Lead percent |  |  | 3.06 |  |  |  | 3.12 |
Total production cost per ton |  | $ | 182.61 |  |  | $ | 185.92 |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce (1) |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 5.63 |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce (1) |  | $ | 1.59 |  |  | $ | 7.90 |
Capital additions |  | $ | 4,892 |  |  | $ | 5,510 |

| (1) | A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, the most comparable GAAP measure, can be found below in Reconciliation of Cost of Sales and Other Direct Production Costs and Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (GAAP) to Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and Cash Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, Before By-product Credits and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP).

The $40.6 million increase in gross profit during the first quarter of 2021 compared to the same 2020 period was the result of higher sales due to:

| • | higher realized prices for silver, gold, zinc and lead;

| • | higher overall metals sales volumes due to the timing of concentrate shipments. Silver sales volume was higher in spite of lower silver production primarily resulting from lower grades due to normal variations in the ore body; and

| • | lower concentrate treatment costs of $5.7 million primarily as a result of favorable changes in smelter terms, with approximately $4 million to be non-recurring.

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The chart below illustrates the factors contributing to the variances in Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020:

The following table summarizes the components of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 18.98 |  |  | $ | 20.09 |
By-product credits |  |  | (19.65 | ) |  |  | (14.46 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 5.63 |

The following table summarizes the components of AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 21.24 |  |  | $ | 22.36 |
By-product credits |  |  | (19.65 | ) |  |  | (14.46 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 1.59 |  |  | $ | 7.90 |

The decrease in Cash Costs and AISC, After By-Product Credits, per Silver Ounce for the first quarter of 2021 compared to 2020 was primarily due to the higher by-product credits, lower treatment costs and reclassification of mine license tax from production costs to income and mining tax provision effective January 1, 2021.

Restrictions imposed by the State of Alaska beginning in late March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 virus pandemic, including the requirement for employees returning to Alaska to self-quarantine for 14 days (changed in June 2020 to 7 days), has caused us to revise the normal operating procedures and incur additional costs for staffing operations at Greens Creek. The changes at Greens Creek have not materially impacted our operations to date; however, restrictions could have a material impact if they continue longer than anticipated or become broader.

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The Lucky Friday Segment

Dollars are in thousands (except per ounce and per ton amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Sales |  | $ | 29,122 |  |  | $ | 2,830 |
Cost of sales and other direct production costs |  |  | (16,458 | ) |  |  | (2,530 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (6,336 | ) |  |  | (302 | )
Total cost of sales |  |  | (22,794 | ) |  |  | (2,832 | )
Gross profit (loss) |  | $ | 6,328 |  |  | $ | (2 | )
Tons of ore milled |  |  | 81,071 |  |  |  | 10,219 |
Production: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 863,901 |  |  |  | 95,748 |
Lead (tons) |  |  | 5,780 |  |  |  | 695 |
Zinc (tons) |  |  | 2,753 |  |  |  | 360 |
Payable metal quantities sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 763,823 |  |  |  | 101,102 |
Lead (tons) |  |  | 5,023 |  |  |  | 670 |
Zinc (tons) |  |  | 1,930 |  |  |  | 184 |
Ore grades: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver ounces per ton |  |  | 11.18 |  |  |  | 9.87 |
Lead percent |  |  | 7.51 |  |  |  | 7.23 |
Zinc percent |  |  | 3.70 |  |  |  | 3.85 |
Total production cost per ton |  | $ | 181.28 |  |  | $ | — |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce (1) |  | $ | 7.62 |  |  | $ | — |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce (1) |  | $ | 14.24 |  |  | $ | — |
Capital additions |  | $ | 5,912 |  |  | $ | 4,295 |

The increases in sales, gross profit, ore tonnage and metals production in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 was the result of a full quarter of production following the return to full production during the fourth quarter of 2020 (discussed further below).

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The chart below illustrates the factors contributing to Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce for the first quarter of 2021. Total production costs and Cash Cost and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce are not presented for the first quarter of 2020, as production was limited during the ramp-up after the strike and results are not comparable.

The following table summarizes the components of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  |  | 24.43 |
By-product credits |  |  | (16.81 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  |  | 7.62 |

The following table summarizes the components of AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 31.05 |
By-product credits |  |  | (16.81 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  |  | 14.24 |

Many of the employees at our Lucky Friday unit are represented by a union, and the current collective bargaining agreement with the union expires on January 6, 2023. The unionized employees were on strike from March 13, 2017 until January 7, 2020, when the union ratified a new collective bargaining agreement. Salaried personnel performed limited production and capital improvements from July 2017 until the end of the strike. Re-staffing of the mine commenced in the first quarter of 2020. We have substantially completed the re-staffing and ramp-up process, and the mine has returned to full production starting with the fourth quarter of 2020. Costs related to ramp-up activities totaled $8.1 million in the first quarter of 2020, which include non-cash depreciation expense of $1.8 million and are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations, with no ramp-up costs recognized in the first quarter of 2021. These ramp-up costs are excluded from the calculation of gross profit, total production cost per ton, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce, when presented.

See Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for a contingency related to groundwater monitoring at the Lucky Friday mine in prior periods.

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The Casa Berardi Segment

Dollars are in thousands (except per ounce and per ton amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Sales |  | $ | 72,911 |  |  | $ | 46,172 |
Cost of sales and other direct production costs |  |  | (36,975 | ) |  |  | (31,928 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (25,541 | ) |  |  | (16,397 | )
Total cost of sales |  |  | (62,516 | ) |  |  | (48,325 | )
Gross profit (loss) |  | $ | 10,395 |  |  | $ | (2,153 | )
Tons of ore milled |  |  | 368,403 |  |  |  | 331,618 |
Production: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 36,190 |  |  |  | 26,752 |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 10,675 |  |  |  | 5,934 |
Payable metal quantities sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 40,869 |  |  |  | 29,082 |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 8,715 |  |  |  | 8,423 |
Ore grades: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gold ounces per ton |  |  | 0.120 |  |  |  | 0.102 |
Silver ounces per ton |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Total production cost per ton |  | $ | 99.67 |  |  | $ | 102.45 |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce (1) |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | 1,268 |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce (1) |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,615 |
Capital additions |  | $ | 13,847 |  |  | $ | 8,506 |

| (1) | A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, the most comparable GAAP measure, can be found below in Reconciliation of Cost of Sales and Other Direct Production Costs and Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (GAAP) to Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and Cash Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, Before By-product Credits and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP).

Gross profit increased by $12.5 million for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 primarily due to higher sales resulting from higher average gold prices and volume, partially offset by higher total cost of sales resulting from the higher sales volume. The lower gold volume in the first quarter of 2020 resulted from reduced ore grades and lower production than anticipated due to a government COVID-19-related order. In late March 2020, the Government of Quebec ordered the mining industry to reduce to minimum operations as part of the fight against the COVID-19 virus, causing us to suspend our Casa Berardi operations from March 24, 2020 until April 15, 2020, when limited mining operations resumed, resulting in reduced mill throughput. As a result of the suspension of operations, gold production was negatively impacted by approximately 5,200 and 6,500 ounces in March and April 2020, respectively. Production may continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 mitigation practices in place until they are no longer required. Suspension-related costs totaling $0.9 million for the first quarter of 2020 are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, mining and milling cost per ton, and Cash Cost and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce.

Total capital additions increased by $5.3 million in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 primarily due to growth capital costs incurred for development of the new 160 zone open pit mine, partially offset by lower sustaining capital costs. We expect limited ore production from the 160 zone pit to begin in the fourth quarter of 2021.

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The chart below illustrates the factors contributing to Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020:

The following table summarizes the components of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |
By-product credits |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | 1,268 |

The following table summarizes the components of AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 1,619 |
By-product credits |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,615 |

The decrease in Cash Cost and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 was primarily the result of higher gold production, with AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce also impacted by lower sustaining capital spending, partially offset by higher exploration spending.

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The San Sebastian Segment

Dollars are in thousands (except per ounce and per ton amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Sales |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 9,927 |
Cost of sales and other direct production costs |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (6,827 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,473 | )
Total cost of sales |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (8,300 | )
Gross profit |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 1,627 |
Tons of ore milled |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,476 |
Production: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 346,625 |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,802 |
Payable metal quantities sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 3,392 |  |  |  | 353,696 |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 2,824 |
Ore grades: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver ounces per ton |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10.64 |
Gold ounces per ton |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.091 |
Total production cost per ton |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 178.02 |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.91 |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9.59 |
Capital additions |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 803 |

| (1) | A reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, the most comparable GAAP measure, can be found below in Reconciliation of Cost of Sales and Other Direct Production Costs and Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (GAAP) to Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and Cash Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, Before By-product Credits and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP).

The $1.5 million decrease in gross profit in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 is primarily due to lower metal volumes. Mining at San Sebastian was completed in the third quarter of 2020, and milling was completed in the fourth quarter of 2020, with exploration and evaluation activities ongoing.

Suspension-related costs at San Sebastian totaling $0.7 million for the first quarter of 2021 are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, total production costs and Cash Cost and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce.

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The chart below illustrates the factors contributing to Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, Per Silver Ounce for the first quarter of 2020:

The following table summarizes the components of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2020 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 19.67 |
By-product credits |  |  | (12.76 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 6.91 |

The following table summarizes the components of AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2020 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 22.35 |
By-product credits |  |  | (12.76 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce |  | $ | 9.59 |

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The Nevada Operations Segment

Dollars are in thousands (except per ounce and per ton amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Sales |  | $ | 10,237 |  |  | $ | 24,163 |
Cost of sales and other direct production costs |  |  | (4,822 | ) |  |  | (7,849 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (2,633 | ) |  |  | (9,065 | )
Total cost of sales |  |  | (7,455 | ) |  |  | (16,914 | )
Gross profit |  | $ | 2,782 |  |  | $ | 7,249 |
Tons of ore milled |  |  | 16,459 |  |  |  | 17,298 |
Production: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 16,965 |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,455 |
Payable metal quantities sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gold (ounces) |  |  | 5,823 |  |  |  | 14,876 |
Silver (ounces) |  |  | 6,821 |  |  |  | 25,339 |
Ore grades: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gold ounces per ton |  |  | 0.185 |  |  |  | 1.055 |
Silver ounces per ton |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.47 |
Total production cost per ton |  | $ | 360.72 |  |  | $ | 745.14 |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce (1) |  | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 735 |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce (1) |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 808 |
Capital additions |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 857 |

| (1) | A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, the most comparable GAAP measure, can be found below in Reconciliation of Cost of Sales and Other Direct Production Costs and Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (GAAP) to Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and Cash Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, Before By-product Credits and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP).

The decrease in gross profit for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 is a result of lower metals production. During the second half of 2020, all ore mined at the Nevada Operations was stockpiled, with no ore milled and no production reported during that period. Mining of non-refractory ore at Fire Creek in areas where development has already been performed was completed in the fourth quarter of 2020. Processing of the stockpiled non-refractory ore at the Midas mill commenced at the end of the first quarter of 2021, and is expected to be completed in the second quarter. In addition, third-party processing of a bulk sample of Fire Creek refractory ore commenced in the first quarter of 2021 and is expected to be completed in the second quarter. Fire Creek is expected to be placed on care-and-maintenance in the second quarter of 2021 after its remaining non-refractory ore stockpile is processed. We also expect to process an additional 10,000 tons of Fire Creek refractory ore at the third-party facility in the second half of 2021.

Production was suspended at the Hollister mine in the third quarter of 2019 and at the Midas mine and Aurora mill in late-2019. Suspension-related costs at Nevada Operations totaling $3.6 million and $4.0 million for the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively, are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, total production costs per ton and Cash Cost and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce.

Total production costs per ton were lower by 52% for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020, primarily due to lower mining and milling costs, as production for the 2021 period was from stockpiled bulk sample material processed at a third-party facility.

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The chart below illustrates the factors contributing to Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, Per Gold Ounce for the first quarter of 2021 and 2020:

The following table summarizes the components of Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 756 |
By-product credits |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 735 |

The following table summarizes the components of AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 829 |
By-product credits |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 808 |

The increase in Cash Costs and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold ounce in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 was due to lower gold production resulting from decreased grades and ore volume.

See Item 1A. Risk Factors - Operation, Development, Exploration and Acquisition Risks in our 2020 Form 10-K for a discussion of certain risks relating to our recent and ongoing analysis of the carrying value of the Nevada assets.

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Corporate Matters

Employee Benefit Plans

Our defined benefit pension plans provide a significant benefit to our employees, but represent a significant liability to us. The liability recorded for the underfunded status of our plans was $29.6 million and $44.9 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. In January 2021, we contributed $16.8 million in shares of our common stock to our supplemental executive retirement plan ("SERP"), and expect to contribute an additional approximately $0.8 million to the SERP in 2021. We do not expect to be required to contribute to our defined benefit pension plans in 2021, but we may choose to do so. While the economic variables which will determine future funding requirements are uncertain, we expect contributions to continue to be required in future years under current plan provisions, and we periodically examine the plans for affordability and competitiveness. See Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K for more information.

Income and Mining Taxes

During the first quarter of 2021, an income and mining tax provision of approximately $4.6 million resulted in an effective tax rate of 19.6% for that period. This compares to an income and mining tax benefit of $1.1 million, or an effective tax rate of 5.8%, for the first quarter of 2020. The comparability of our income and mining tax (provision) benefit and effective tax rate for the reported periods was impacted by multiple factors, primarily: (i) mining taxes; (ii) variations in our income before income taxes; (iii) geographic distribution of that income; (iv) foreign exchange rates; (v) percentage depletion; (vi) the non-recognition of tax assets; and (vii) the reclassification of the Alaska mine license tax effective January 1, 2021, which increased our income and mining tax provision by $3.0 million. Therefore, the effective tax rate will fluctuate, sometimes significantly, period to period.

Each reporting period we assess our deferred tax balances based on a review of long-range forecasts and quarterly activity. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not the related tax benefits will not be realized. We analyze our deferred tax assets and, if it is determined that we will not realize all or a portion of our deferred tax assets, we will record or increase a valuation allowance. Conversely, if it is determined we will ultimately more likely than not be able to realize all or a portion of the related benefits for which a valuation allowance has been provided, all or a portion of the related valuation allowance will be reduced. There are a number of factors that impact our ability to realize our deferred tax assets. For additional information, please see Item 1A - Risk Factors in our 2020 10-K.

Reconciliation of Cost of Sales and Other Direct Production Costs and Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (GAAP) to Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and Cash Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP) and All-In Sustaining Cost, Before By-product Credits and All-In Sustaining Cost, After By-product Credits (non-GAAP)

The tables below present reconciliations between the most comparable GAAP measure of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization to the non-GAAP measures of (i) Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, (ii) Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, (iii) AISC, Before By-product Credits and (iv) AISC, After By-product Credits for our operations at the Greens Creek, Lucky Friday, San Sebastian, Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations units and for the Company for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce are measures developed by precious metals companies (including the Silver Institute and the World Gold Council) in an effort to provide a uniform standard for comparison purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that these non-GAAP measures as we report them are the same as those reported by other mining companies.

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Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce is an important operating statistic that we utilize to measure each mine's operating performance. We use AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce as a measure of our mines' net cash flow after costs for exploration, pre-development, reclamation, and sustaining capital. This is similar to the Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce non-GAAP measure we report, but also includes on-site exploration, reclamation, and sustaining capital costs. Current GAAP measures used in the mining industry, such as cost of goods sold, do not capture all the expenditures incurred to discover, develop and sustain silver and gold production. Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce also allow us to benchmark the performance of each of our mines versus those of our competitors. As a silver and gold mining company, we also use these statistics on an aggregate basis - aggregating the Greens Creek, Lucky Friday and San Sebastian mines to compare our performance with that of other silver mining companies, and aggregating Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations for comparison with other gold mining companies. Similarly, these statistics are useful in identifying acquisition and investment opportunities as they provide a common tool for measuring the financial performance of other mines with varying geologic, metallurgical and operating characteristics.

Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits and AISC, Before By-product Credits include all direct and indirect operating cash costs related directly to the physical activities of producing metals, including mining, processing and other plant costs, third-party refining expense, on-site general and administrative costs and royalties. AISC, Before By-product Credits for each mine also includes on-site exploration, reclamation, and sustaining capital costs. AISC, Before By-product Credits for our consolidated silver properties also includes corporate costs for general and administrative expense, exploration and sustaining capital projects. By-product credits include revenues earned from all metals other than the primary metal produced at each unit. As depicted in the tables below, by-product credits comprise an essential element of our silver unit cost structure, distinguishing our silver operations due to the polymetallic nature of their orebodies.

In addition to the uses described above, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce provide management and investors an indication of operating cash flow, after consideration of the average price received from production. We also use these measurements for the comparative monitoring of performance of our mining operations period-to-period from a cash flow perspective.

The Casa Berardi, Nevada Operations and combined gold properties information below reports Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Gold Ounce for the production of gold, their primary product, and by-product revenues earned from silver, which is a by-product at Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations. Only costs and ounces produced relating to units with the same primary product are combined to represent Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce. Thus, the gold produced at our Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations units is not included as a by-product credit when calculating Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce and AISC, After By-product Credits, per Silver Ounce for the total of Greens Creek, Lucky Friday and San Sebastian, our combined silver properties. Similarly, the silver produced at our other three units is not included as a by-product credit when calculating the gold metrics for Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations.

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In thousands (except per ounce amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Greens Creek |  |  | Lucky Friday(2) |  |  | San Sebastian(3) |  |  | Corporate(4) |  |  | Total Silver |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | 53,181 |  |  | $ | 22,794 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 76,069 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (14,821 | ) |  |  | (6,336 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21,157 | )
Treatment costs |  |  | 10,541 |  |  |  | 4,978 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,519 |
Change in product inventory |  |  | 401 |  |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 308 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | (261 | ) |  |  | (233 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (588 | )
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 49,041 |  |  |  | 21,110 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70,151 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 848 |  |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,112 |
Exploration |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 435 |  |  |  | 558 |
Sustaining capital |  |  | 4,892 |  |  |  | 5,454 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,346 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,007 |  |  |  | 8,007 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 54,904 |  |  |  | 26,828 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90,174 |
By-product credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zinc |  |  | (22,767 | ) |  |  | (4,753 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (27,520 | )
Gold |  |  | (20,996 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20,996 | )
Lead |  |  | (7,020 | ) |  |  | (9,775 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16,795 | )
Total By-product credits |  |  | (50,783 | ) |  |  | (14,528 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (65,311 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits |  | $ | (1,742 | ) |  | $ | 6,582 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,840 |
AISC, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 4,121 |  |  | $ | 12,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 24,863 |
Divided by ounces produced |  |  | 2,585 |  |  |  | 864 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,449 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 18.98 |  |  | $ | 24.43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20.34 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (19.65 | ) |  |  | (16.81 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (18.94 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 7.62 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.40 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 21.24 |  |  | $ | 31.05 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 26.15 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (19.65 | ) |  |  | (16.81 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (18.94 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1.59 |  |  | $ | 14.24 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.21 |

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In thousands (except per ounce amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Casa Berardi (5) |  |  | Nevada Operations (6) |  |  | Total Gold |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | 62,516 |  |  | $ | 7,455 |  |  | $ | 69,971 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (25,541 | ) |  |  | (2,633 | ) |  |  | (28,174 | )
Treatment costs |  |  | 714 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 725 |
Change in product inventory |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (1,084 | ) |  |  | (1,131 | )
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | (208 | ) |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (235 | )
Cash costs excluded |  |  | — |  |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (115 | )
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 37,434 |  |  |  | 3,607 |  |  |  | 41,041 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 235 |
Exploration |  |  | 907 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 907 |
Sustaining capital |  |  | 7,758 |  |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | 7,847 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
AISC, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 46,307 |  |  |  | 3,723 |  |  |  | 50,030 |
By-product credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver |  |  | (278 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (278 | )
Total By-product credits |  |  | (278 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (278 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 37,156 |  |  | $ | 3,607 |  |  | $ | 40,763 |
AISC, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 46,029 |  |  | $ | 3,723 |  |  | $ | 49,752 |
Divided by ounces produced |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 39 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 1,059 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |  |  | $ | 1,052 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,284 |

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In thousands (except per ounce amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Total Silver |  |  | Total Gold |  |  | Total |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | 76,069 |  |  | $ | 69,971 |  |  | $ | 146,040 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (21,157 | ) |  |  | (28,174 | ) |  |  | (49,331 | )
Treatment costs |  |  | 15,519 |  |  |  | 725 |  |  |  | 16,244 |
Change in product inventory |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | (1,131 | ) |  |  | (823 | )
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | (588 | ) |  |  | (235 | ) |  |  | (823 | )
Cash costs excluded |  |  | — |  |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (115 | )
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 70,151 |  |  |  | 41,041 |  |  |  | 111,192 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 1,112 |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | 1,347 |
Exploration |  |  | 558 |  |  |  | 907 |  |  |  | 1,465 |
Sustaining capital |  |  | 10,346 |  |  |  | 7,847 |  |  |  | 18,193 |
General and administrative |  |  | 8,007 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,007 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 90,174 |  |  |  | 50,030 |  |  |  | 140,204 |
By-product credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zinc |  |  | (27,520 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (27,520 | )
Gold |  |  | (20,996 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (20,996 | )
Lead |  |  | (16,795 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (16,795 | )
Silver |  |  |  |  |  |  | (278 | ) |  |  | (278 | )
Total By-product credits |  |  | (65,311 | ) |  |  | (278 | ) |  |  | (65,589 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 4,840 |  |  | $ | 40,763 |  |  | $ | 45,603 |
AISC, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 24,863 |  |  | $ | 49,752 |  |  | $ | 74,615 |
Divided by ounces produced |  |  | 3,449 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  |  |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 20.34 |  |  | $ | 1,059 |  |  |  |  |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (18.94 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1.40 |  |  | $ | 1,052 |  |  |  |  |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 26.15 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  |  |  |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (18.94 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 7.21 |  |  | $ | 1,284 |  |  |  |  |

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In thousands (except per ounce amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |
|  | Greens Creek |  |  | Lucky Friday(2) |  |  | San Sebastian |  |  | Corporate(4) |  |  | Total Silver |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | 49,182 |  |  | $ | 2,832 |  |  | $ | 8,300 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 60,314 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (12,429 | ) |  |  | (302 | ) |  |  | (1,473 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14,204 | )
Treatment costs |  |  | 15,826 |  |  |  | 432 |  |  |  | 104 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,362 |
Change in product inventory |  |  | 2,870 |  |  |  | 914 |  |  |  | 253 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,037 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 319 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (361 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (42 | )
Exclusion of Lucky Friday costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,876 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,876 | )
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 55,768 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,823 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,591 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 788 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 114 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 902 |
Exploration |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 767 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 1,121 |
Sustaining capital |  |  | 5,510 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,566 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,939 |  |  |  | 8,939 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 62,070 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,760 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79,119 |
By-product credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zinc |  |  | (16,026 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16,026 | )
Gold |  |  | (17,197 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,429 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21,626 | )
Lead |  |  | (6,926 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,926 | )
Total By-product credits |  |  | (40,149 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,429 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (44,578 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 15,619 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,394 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,013 |
AISC, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 21,921 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,331 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,541 |
Divided by ounces produced |  |  | 2,776 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,123 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 20.09 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19.67 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20.04 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (14.46 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12.76 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14.27 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 5.63 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.91 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.77 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 22.36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22.35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 25.33 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (14.46 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12.76 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14.27 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 7.90 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9.59 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11.06 |

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In thousands (except per ounce amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |
|  | Casa Berardi |  |  | Nevada Operations |  |  | Total Gold |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | 48,325 |  |  | $ | 16,914 |  |  | $ | 65,239 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (16,397 | ) |  |  | (9,065 | ) |  |  | (25,462 | )
Treatment costs |  |  | 574 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 600 |
Change in product inventory |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  | 5,280 |  |  |  | 6,888 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | (326 | ) |  |  | (423 | )
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 34,013 |  |  |  | 12,829 |  |  |  | 46,842 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 423 |
Exploration |  |  | 691 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 776 |
Sustaining capital |  |  | 8,506 |  |  |  | 826 |  |  |  | 9,332 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 43,306 |  |  |  | 14,067 |  |  |  | 57,373 |
By-product credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Silver |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (353 | ) |  |  | (453 | )
Total By-product credits |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (353 | ) |  |  | (453 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 33,913 |  |  | $ | 12,476 |  |  | $ | 46,389 |
AISC, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 43,206 |  |  | $ | 13,714 |  |  | $ | 56,920 |
Divided by ounces produced |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 44 |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 756 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,619 |  |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 1,312 |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 1,615 |  |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |

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In thousands (except per ounce amounts) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |
|  | Total Silver |  |  | Total Gold |  |  | Total |
Total cost of sales |  | $ | 60,314 |  |  | $ | 65,239 |  |  | $ | 125,553 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (14,204 | ) |  |  | (25,462 | ) |  |  | (39,666 | )
Treatment costs |  |  | 16,362 |  |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 16,962 |
Change in product inventory |  |  | 4,037 |  |  |  | 6,888 |  |  |  | 10,925 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | (423 | ) |  |  | (465 | )
Exclusion of Lucky Friday costs |  |  | (3,876 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,876 | )
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 62,591 |  |  |  | 46,842 |  |  |  | 109,433 |
Reclamation and other costs |  |  | 902 |  |  |  | 423 |  |  |  | 1,325 |
Exploration |  |  | 1,121 |  |  |  | 776 |  |  |  | 1,897 |
Sustaining capital |  |  | 5,566 |  |  |  | 9,332 |  |  |  | 14,898 |
General and administrative |  |  | 8,939 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,939 |
AISC, Before By-product Credits (1) |  |  | 79,119 |  |  |  | 57,373 |  |  |  | 136,492 |
By-product credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zinc |  |  | (16,026 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (16,026 | )
Gold |  |  | (21,626 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21,626 | )
Lead |  |  | (6,926 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,926 | )
Silver |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | (453 | ) |  |  | (453 | )
Total By-product credits |  |  | (44,578 | ) |  |  | (453 | ) |  |  | (45,031 | )
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 18,013 |  |  | $ | 46,389 |  |  | $ | 64,402 |
AISC, After By-product Credits |  | $ | 34,541 |  |  | $ | 56,920 |  |  | $ | 91,461 |
Divided by ounces produced |  |  | 3,123 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  |  |
Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 20.04 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |  |  |  |  |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (14.27 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 5.77 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  |  |  |
AISC, Before By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 25.33 |  |  | $ | 1,312 |  |  |  |  |
By-product credits per ounce |  |  | (14.27 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  |  |
AISC, After By-product Credits, per Ounce |  | $ | 11.06 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Includes all direct and indirect operating costs related to the physical activities of producing metals, including mining, processing and other plant costs, third-party refining and marketing expense, on-site general and administrative costs and royalties, before by-product revenues earned from all metals other than the primary metal produced at each unit. AISC, Before By-product Credits also includes on-site exploration, reclamation, and sustaining capital costs.

(2) | The unionized employees at Lucky Friday were on strike from March 2017 until January 2020, and production at Lucky Friday had been limited from the start of the strike until the ramp-up was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of 2020. Costs related to ramp-up activities totaling $6.3 million, along with $1.8 million in non-cash depreciation expense, in the first quarter of 2020 have been excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, AISC, Before By-product Credits, and AISC, After By-product Credits.

(3) | Mining at San Sebastian was completed in the third quarter of 2020, and milling was completed in the fourth quarter of 2020. Suspension-related costs at San Sebastian totaling $0.7 million for the first quarter of 2021 are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, AISC, Before By-product Credits, and AISC, After By-product Credits.

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(4) | AISC, Before By-product Credits for our consolidated silver properties includes corporate costs for general and administrative expense, exploration and sustaining capital.

(5) | In late March 2020, the Government of Quebec ordered the mining industry to reduce to minimum operations as part of the fight against the COVID-19 virus, causing us to suspend our Casa Berardi operations from approximately March 24 until April 15, when limited mining operations resumed, resulting in reduced mill throughput. Suspension-related costs totaling $0.9 million for the first quarter of 2020 are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, AISC, Before By-product Credits, and AISC, After By-product Credits.

(6) | Production was suspended at the Hollister and Midas mines and Aurora mill in the latter part of 2019. Suspension-related costs at Nevada Operations totaling $3.6 million and $4.0 million for the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively, are reported in a separate line item on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded from the calculations of cost of sales and other direct production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization, Cash Cost, Before By-product Credits, Cash Cost, After By-product Credits, AISC, Before By-product Credits, and AISC, After By-product Credits.

Financial Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have a disciplined cash management strategy of maintaining financial flexibility to execute our capital priorities and provide long-term value to our shareholders. Consistent with that strategy, we aim to reduce our net debt and maintain sufficient liquidity to fund debt service costs, operations, capital development and exploration projects, while returning cash to stockholders through dividends and potential share repurchases.

At March 31, 2021, we had $139.8 million in cash and cash equivalents, of which $16.8 million was held in foreign subsidiaries' local currency denominated accounts readily convertible to U.S. dollars that, if repatriated, may be subject to withholding taxes. We expect that there would be no additional tax burden upon repatriation after considering the cash cost associated with the withholding taxes. We believe that our liquidity and capital resources from our U.S. operations are adequate to fund our U.S. operations and corporate activities.

Our liquid assets include (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Cash and cash equivalents held in U.S. dollars |  | $ | 123.0 |  |  | $ | 116.4 |
Cash and cash equivalents held in foreign currency |  |  | 16.8 |  |  |  | 13.4 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 139.8 |  |  |  | 129.8 |
Marketable equity securities, current and non-current |  |  | 11.7 |  |  |  | 19.3 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments |  | $ | 151.5 |  |  | $ | 149.1 |

Cash and cash equivalents increased by $10.0 million in the first three months of 2021 as a result of operational performance. Cash held in foreign currencies represents balances in CAD and Mexican pesos ("MXN"), with a $3.4 million increase in the first quarter of 2021 resulting from an increase in CAD held. The value of marketable equity securities decreased by $7.6 million.

On February 19, 2020, we completed an offering of Senior Notes in the total principal amount of USD$475 million. The Senior Notes are due February 15, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 7.25% per year from the most recent payment date to which interest has been paid or provided for. In July 2020, we agreed to issue our Series 2020-A Senior Notes due July 9, 2025 (the “IQ Notes”) for CAD$50 million (approximately USD$36.8 million at the time of the transaction) in aggregate principal, which mature in July 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 6.515% per year. We also have a $250 million revolving credit facility, with interest is payable on amounts drawn at an annual rate of between 2.25% and 4.00% over the London Interbank Offered Rate, or between 1.25% and 3.00% over an alternative base rate. There was no amount outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2021, with the exception of $20.3 million utilized for letters of credit. See Note 7 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information on our debt arrangements.

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We continue to address the COVID-19 outbreak and face uncertainty related to the potential additional impact it could have on our operations. It is possible that future restrictions at any of our operations could have an adverse impact on operations or financial results, including materially so, beyond 2021. We have taken precautionary measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, including implementing revised operational plans. As long as they are required, the revised operational practices could continue to have an adverse impact on our operating results due to deferred production and revenues or additional costs. If required, increasing or prolonged restrictions on our operations could require access to additional sources of liquidity, which may not be available to us. See Item 1A. Risk Factors - Natural disasters, public health crises, political crises (including COVID-19), and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control may materially and adversely affect our business or financial results and COVID-19 virus pandemic may heighten other risks in our 2020 Form 10-K for information on how restrictions related to COVID-19 have affected some of our operations.

Pursuant to our common stock dividend policy described in Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K, our Board of Directors declared and paid dividends on common stock totaling $4.7 million in the first quarter of 2021 and $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2020. Our dividend policy has a silver-linked component which ties the amount of declared common stock dividends to our realized silver price for the preceding quarter. Another component of our common stock dividend policy anticipates paying an annual minimum dividend. During May 2021, our Board of Directors approved an increase in our silver-linked dividend by $0.01 per year and approved a quarterly silver-linked dividend of $0.075 based on the first quarter of 2021 realized silver price of $25.66. The table below provides an overview of the augmented silver-linked dividend policy and the increased minimum dividends.

Quarterly Average Realized Silver Price per Ounce |  |  | Quarterly Silver-Linked Dividend per Share |  |  | Annualized Silver-Linked Dividend per Share |  |  | Annualized Minimum Dividend |  |  | Annualized Dividends per Share: Silver-Linked and Minimum |
$25 |  |  | $0.0075 |  |  | $0.03 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.045 |
$30 |  |  | $0.0125 |  |  | $0.05 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.065 |
$35 |  |  | $0.0225 |  |  | $0.09 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.105 |
$40 |  |  | $0.0325 |  |  | $0.13 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.145 |
$45 |  |  | $0.0425 |  |  | $0.17 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.185 |
$50 |  |  | $0.0525 |  |  | $0.21 |  |  | $0.015 |  |  | $0.225 |

The declaration and payment of dividends on common stock is at the sole discretion of our board of directors, and there can be no assurance that we will continue to declare and pay common stock dividends in the future.

Pursuant to our stock repurchase program described in Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K, we are authorized to repurchase up to 20 million shares of our outstanding common stock from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending on prevailing market conditions and other factors. The repurchase program may be modified, suspended or discontinued by us at any time. Whether or not we engage in repurchases from time to time may depend on a variety of factors, including not only price and cash resources, but customary black-out restrictions, whether we have any material inside information, limitations on share repurchases or cash usage that may be imposed by our credit agreement or in connection with issuances of securities, alternative uses for cash, applicable law, and other investment opportunities from time to time. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 934,100 shares had been purchased in prior periods at an average price of $3.99 per share, leaving 19.1 million shares that may yet be purchased under the program. We have not repurchased any shares since June 2014. The closing price of our common stock at May 4, 2021, was $6.25 per share.

Pursuant to an equity distribution agreement dated February 18, 2021, we may offer and sell up to 60 million shares of our common stock from time to time to or through sales agents. Sales of the shares, if any, will be made by means of ordinary brokers transactions or as otherwise agreed between the Company and the agents as principals. Whether or not we engage in sales from time to time may depend on a variety of factors, including share price, our cash resources, customary black-out restrictions, and whether we have any material inside information. The agreement can be terminated by us at any time. Any shares issued under the equity distribution agreement are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3. No shares have been sold under the agreement as of March 31, 2021.

We may defer some capital investment and/or exploration and pre-development activities, engage in asset sales or secure additional capital if necessary to maintain liquidity. We also may pursue additional acquisition opportunities, which could require additional equity issuances or other forms of financing. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us.

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As a result of our current cash balances, the performance of our current and expected operations, current metals prices, proceeds from potential at-the-market sales of common stock, and availability of our revolving credit facility, we believe we will be able to meet our obligations and other potential cash requirements during the next 12 months from the date of this report. Our obligations and other uses of cash may include, but are not limited to: debt service obligations related to the Senior Notes and IQ Notes; principal and interest payments under our revolving credit facility; deferral of revenues, care-and-maintenance and other costs related to addressing the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations; capital expenditures at our operations; potential acquisitions of other mining companies or properties; regulatory matters; litigation; potential repurchases of our common stock under the program described above; and payment of dividends on common stock, if declared by our board of directors. We currently estimate a total of approximately $110 million will be spent in 2021 on capital expenditures, primarily for equipment, infrastructure, and development at our mines, including $21.4 million already incurred as of March 31, 2021. We also estimate exploration and pre-development expenditures will total approximately $38.5 million in 2021, including $6.7 million already incurred as of March 31, 2021. Our expenditures for these items and our related plans for 2021 may change based upon our financial position, metals prices, and other considerations. Our ability to fund the activities described above will depend on our operating performance, metals prices, our ability to estimate revenues and costs, sources of liquidity available to us, including the revolving credit facility, and other factors. A sustained downturn in metals prices, significant increase in operational or capital costs or other uses of cash, our inability to access the credit facility or the sources of liquidity discussed above, or other factors beyond our control could impact our plans.

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | March 31, 2020 |
Cash provided by operating activities (in millions) |  | $ | 37.9 |  |  | $ | 4.9 |

Cash provided by operating activities in the first quarter of 2021 increased by $33.0 million compared to the first quarter of 2020. The increase was due to a higher net income, generated from higher metal sales volumes and realized prices, and lower product inventory, partially offset by lower accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the timing of payment of incentive compensation related to prior-year performance and higher accounts receivable due to the timing of concentrate shipments. In the first quarter of 2021, we made interest payments on our Senior Notes and IQ Notes of $17.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, In the first quarter of 2020, we made interest payments on our previously-outstanding 2021 Notes, upon their redemption, and revolving credit facility of $13.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | March 31, 2020 |
Cash used in investing activities (in millions) |  | $ | (21.4 | ) |  | $ | (19.7 | )

During the first quarter of 2021 we invested $21.4 million in capital expenditures compared to $19.9 million in the first quarter of 2020, with the variance primarily due to increased spending at Casa Berardi.

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | March 31, 2020 |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities (in millions) |  | $ | (6.8 | ) |  | $ | 169.8 |

In the first quarter of 2020, we received $469.5 million in net proceeds from the issuance of our Senior Notes and drew $210.0 million on our revolving credit facility, and had debt repayments of $506.5 million for redemption of our 2021 Notes. We had no borrowings or repayments of debt in the first quarter of 2021. We paid cash dividends on our common stock of $4.7 million and $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and cash dividends of $0.1 million on our Series B Preferred Stock during each of those periods. We made repayments on our capital leases of $1.9 million and $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates resulted in a $0.2 million increase in cash and cash equivalents in the first quarter of 2021 compared to a decrease of $1.7 million in the first quarter of 2020, with the variance due to strengthening of the CAD and MXN relative to the USD in the 2021 period.

Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

The table below presents our fixed, non-cancelable contractual obligations and commitments primarily related to our Senior Notes, IQ Notes, credit facility, outstanding purchase orders, certain capital expenditures and lease arrangements as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | Payments Due By Period |
|  | Less than 1 year |  |  | 1-3 years |  |  | 4-5 years |  |  | More than 5 years |  |  | Total |
Purchase obligations (1) |  | $ | 10,162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,162 |
Contractual obligations (2) |  |  | 2,053 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,053 |
Credit facility (3) |  |  | 1,722 |  |  |  | 1,477 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,199 |
Finance lease commitments (4) |  |  | 7,329 |  |  |  | 8,775 |  |  |  | 2,076 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,180 |
Operating lease commitments (5) |  |  | 3,696 |  |  |  | 4,708 |  |  |  | 1,074 |  |  |  | 2,213 |  |  |  | 11,691 |
Supplemental executive retirement plan (6) |  |  | 758 |  |  |  | 1,691 |  |  |  | 2,575 |  |  |  | 6,985 |  |  |  | 12,009 |
Senior Notes (7) |  |  | 34,438 |  |  |  | 68,875 |  |  |  | 68,875 |  |  |  | 539,570 |  |  |  | 711,758 |
IQ Notes (8) |  |  | 2,499 |  |  |  | 4,998 |  |  |  | 41,544 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 49,041 |
Total contractual cash obligations |  | $ | 62,657 |  |  | $ | 90,524 |  |  | $ | 116,144 |  |  | $ | 548,768 |  |  | $ | 818,093 |

| (1) | Consists of open purchase orders of approximately $2.8 million at the Greens Creek unit, $4.0 million at the Lucky Friday unit, $0.7 million at the Casa Berardi unit and $2.7 million at the Nevada Operations unit.

| (2) | As of March 31, 2021, we were committed to approximately $2.1 million for various items.

| (3) | We have a $250 million revolving credit agreement under which we are required to pay a standby fee of between 0.5625% and 1.00% per annum on undrawn amounts and interest of between 2.25% and 4.00% over the London Interbank Offered Rate or between 1.25% and 3.00% over an alternative base rate on drawn amounts under the revolving credit agreement. We had $20.3 million in letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2021. The amounts in the table above assume no additional amounts will be drawn in future periods, and include only the standby fee on the current undrawn balance. For more information on our credit facility, see Note 7 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

| (4) | Includes scheduled finance lease payments of $17.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million (including interest), respectively, for equipment at our Greens Creek, Casa Berardi and Nevada Operations units.

| (5) | We enter into operating leases in the normal course of business. Substantially all lease agreements have fixed payment terms based on the passage of time. Some lease agreements provide us with the option to renew the lease or purchase the leased property. Our future operating lease obligations would change if we exercised these renewal options and if we entered into additional operating lease arrangements.

| (6) | We sponsor defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all U.S. employees and provide certain post-retirement benefits for qualifying retired employees, along with a supplemental executive retirement plan ("SERP"). These amounts represent our estimate of the future benefit payment requirements for the next 10 years for the SERP as of March 31, 2021. However, in January 2021, we contributed $16.8 million in shares of our common stock to the SERP in order to fund future benefit payments. We believe we will have future funding requirements related to our defined benefit pension plans and benefit payment obligations for the SERP beyond 10 years; however, such funding requirements are not fixed in nature and are difficult to estimate, as they involve significant assumptions. See Note 4 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information.

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| (7) | On February 19, 2020, we completed an offering of $475 million in aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes due February 15, 2028. The Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.25% per year from the original date of issuance or the most recent payment date to which interest has been paid or provided for. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2020. See Note 7 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information.

| (8) | On July 9, 2020, we entered into a note purchase agreement pursuant to which we issued our IQ Notes for CAD$50 million (approximately USD$36.8 million at the time of the transaction) in aggregate principal. The IQ Notes were issued at a premium of 103.65%, or CAD$1.8 million, implying an effective annual yield of 5.74% and an aggregate principal amount to be repaid of CAD$48.2 million. The IQ Notes were issued in four equal installments of CAD$12.5 million on July 9, August 9, September 9 and October 9, 2020. The IQ Notes bear interest on amounts outstanding at a rate of 6.515% per year, payable on January 9 and July 9 of each year, commencing January 9, 2021. See Note 7 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for more information.

We record liabilities for costs associated with mine closure, reclamation of land and other environmental matters. At March 31, 2021, our liabilities for these matters totaled $120.3 million. Future expenditures related to closure, reclamation and environmental expenditures at our sites are difficult to estimate, although we anticipate we will incur expenditures relating to these obligations over the next 30 years. For additional information relating to our environmental obligations, see Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At March 31, 2021, we had no existing off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC regulations, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that would be material to investors.

Guarantor Subsidiaries

Presented below are Hecla’s unaudited interim condensed consolidating financial statements as required by Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, resulting from the guarantees by certain of Hecla's subsidiaries of the Senior Notes (see Note 7 for more information). The Guarantors consist of the following of Hecla's 100%-owned subsidiaries: Hecla Limited; Silver Hunter Mining Company; Rio Grande Silver, Inc.; Hecla MC Subsidiary, LLC; Hecla Silver Valley, Inc.; Burke Trading, Inc.; Hecla Montana, Inc.; Revett Silver Company; RC Resources, Inc.; Troy Mine Inc.; Revett Exploration, Inc.; Revett Holdings, Inc.; Mines Management, Inc.; Newhi, Inc.; Montanore Minerals Corp.; Hecla Alaska LLC; Hecla Greens Creek Mining Company; Hecla Admiralty Company; Hecla Juneau Mining Company; Klondex Holdings Inc.; Klondex Gold & Silver Mining Co.; Klondex Midas Holdings Limited; Klondex Aurora Mine Inc.; Klondex Hollister Mine Inc; and Hecla Quebec, Inc.. We completed the offering of the Senior Notes on February 19, 2020 under our shelf registration statement previously filed with the SEC.

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The unaudited interim condensed consolidating financial statements below have been prepared from our financial information on the same basis of accounting as the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements set forth elsewhere in this report. Investments in the subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method. Accordingly, the entries necessary to consolidate Hecla, the Guarantors, and our non-guarantor subsidiaries are reflected in the intercompany eliminations column. In the course of preparing consolidated financial statements, we eliminate the effects of various transactions conducted between Hecla and its subsidiaries and among the subsidiaries. While valid at an individual subsidiary level, such activities are eliminated in consolidation because, when taken as a whole, they do not represent business activity with third-party customers, vendors, and other parties. Examples of such eliminations include the following:

| • | Investments in subsidiaries. The acquisition of a company results in an investment in debt or equity capital on the records of the parent company and a contribution to debt or equity capital on the records of the subsidiary. Such investments and capital contributions are eliminated in consolidation.

| • | Capital contributions. Certain of Hecla's subsidiaries do not generate cash flow, either at all or that is sufficient to meet their capital needs, and their cash requirements are routinely met with inter-company advances from their parent companies. Generally on an annual basis, when not otherwise intended as debt, the boards of directors of such parent companies declare contributions of capital to their subsidiary companies, which increase the parents' investment and the subsidiaries' additional paid-in capital. In consolidation, investments in subsidiaries and related additional paid-in capital are eliminated.

| • | Debt. At times, inter-company debt agreements have been established between certain of Hecla's subsidiaries and their parents. The related debt liability and receivable balances, accrued interest expense (if any) and income activity (if any), and payments of principal and accrued interest amounts (if any) by the subsidiary companies to their parents are eliminated in consolidation.

| • | Dividends. Certain of Hecla's subsidiaries which generate cash flow routinely provide cash to their parent companies through inter-company transfers. On at least an annual basis, the boards of directors of such subsidiary companies declare dividends to their parent companies, which reduces the subsidiaries' retained earnings and increases the parents' dividend income. In consolidation, such activity is eliminated.

| • | Deferred taxes. Our ability to realize deferred tax assets and liabilities is considered for two consolidated tax groups of subsidiaries within the United States: The Nevada U.S. Group and the Hecla U.S. Group. Within each tax group, all subsidiaries' estimated future taxable income contributes to the ability of their tax group to realize all such assets and liabilities. However, when Hecla's subsidiaries are viewed independently, we use the separate return method to assess the realizability of each subsidiary's deferred tax assets and whether a valuation allowance is required against such deferred tax assets. In some instances, a parent company or subsidiary may possess deferred tax assets whose realization depends on the future taxable incomes of other subsidiaries on a consolidated-return basis, but would not be considered realizable if such parent or subsidiary filed on a separate stand-alone basis. In such a situation, a valuation allowance is assessed on that subsidiary's deferred tax assets, with the resulting adjustment reported in the eliminations column of the guarantor and parent's financial statements, as is the case in the unaudited interim financial statements set forth below. The separate return method can result in significant eliminations of deferred tax assets and liabilities and related income tax provisions and benefits. Non-current deferred tax asset balances are included in other non-current assets on the consolidating balance sheets and make up a large portion of that item, particularly for the guarantor balances.

Separate financial statements of the Guarantors are not presented because the guarantees by the Guarantors are joint and several and full and unconditional, except for certain customary release provisions, including: (1) the sale or disposal of all or substantially all of the assets of the Guarantor; (2) the sale or other disposition of the capital stock of the Guarantor; (3) the Guarantor is designated as an unrestricted entity in accordance with the applicable provisions of the indenture; (4) Hecla ceases to be a borrower as defined in the indenture; and (5) upon legal or covenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the indenture.

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Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

|  | As of March 31, 2021 |
|  | Parent |  |  | Guarantors |  |  | Non- Guarantors |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 95,223 |  |  | $ | 16,876 |  |  | $ | 27,651 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139,750 |
Other current assets |  |  | 7,378 |  |  |  | 149,096 |  |  |  | 1,763 |  |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | 158,167 |
Properties, plants, equipment and mineral interests - net |  |  | 1,913 |  |  |  | 2,310,363 |  |  |  | 8,271 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,320,547 |
Intercompany receivable (payable) |  |  | (139,294 | ) |  |  | (367,504 | ) |  |  | 220,389 |  |  |  | 286,409 |  |  |  | — |
Investments in subsidiaries |  |  | 1,768,493 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,768,493 | ) |  |  | — |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 306,995 |  |  |  | 20,305 |  |  |  | (121,813 | ) |  |  | (168,874 | ) |  |  | 36,613 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,040,708 |  |  | $ | 2,129,136 |  |  | $ | 136,261 |  |  | $ | (1,651,028 | ) |  | $ | 2,655,077 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  | $ | (233,794 | ) |  | $ | 184,713 |  |  | $ | 5,705 |  |  | $ | 152,494 |  |  | $ | 109,118 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 507,992 |  |  |  | 17,088 |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 525,250 |
Non-current portion of accrued reclamation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 107,055 |  |  |  | 6,616 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 113,671 |
Non-current deferred tax liability |  |  | 15,384 |  |  |  | 168,865 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35,029 | ) |  |  | 149,220 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 26,251 |  |  |  | 5,992 |  |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,943 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 1,724,875 |  |  |  | 1,645,423 |  |  |  | 123,070 |  |  |  | (1,768,493 | ) |  |  | 1,724,875 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 2,040,708 |  |  | $ | 2,129,136 |  |  | $ | 136,261 |  |  | $ | (1,651,028 | ) |  | $ | 2,655,077 |

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Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Parent |  |  | Guarantors |  |  | Non- Guarantors |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Sales |  | $ | 2,846 |  |  | $ | 207,833 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 210,852 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 559 |  |  |  | (97,160 | ) |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (96,709 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | — |  |  |  | (49,331 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (49,331 | )
General and administrative |  |  | (3,113 | ) |  |  | (4,779 | ) |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,007 | )
Exploration and pre-development |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,892 | ) |  |  | (1,798 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,690 | )
Gain on derivative contracts |  |  | 473 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 473 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries |  |  | 14,566 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14,566 | ) |  |  | — |
Other (expense) income |  |  | 4,292 |  |  |  | (18,956 | ) |  |  | (5,102 | ) |  |  | (7,217 | ) |  |  | (26,983 | )
(Loss) income before income and mining taxes |  |  | 19,623 |  |  |  | 32,715 |  |  |  | (6,950 | ) |  |  | (21,783 | ) |  |  | 23,605 |
Income and mining tax (provision) benefit |  |  | (652 | ) |  |  | (11,850 | ) |  |  | 651 |  |  |  | 7,217 |  |  |  | (4,634 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  | 18,971 |  |  |  | 20,865 |  |  |  | (6,299 | ) |  |  | (14,566 | ) |  |  | 18,971 |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (138 | )
Income (loss) applicable to common stockholders |  |  | 18,833 |  |  |  | 20,865 |  |  |  | (6,299 | ) |  |  | (14,566 | ) |  |  | 18,833 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | 18,971 |  |  |  | 20,865 |  |  |  | (6,299 | ) |  |  | (14,566 | ) |  |  | 18,971 |
Changes in comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 1,832 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,832 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 20,803 |  |  | $ | 20,865 |  |  | $ | (6,299 | ) |  | $ | (14,566 | ) |  | $ | 20,803 |

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Parent |  |  | Guarantors |  |  | Non- Guarantors |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cash flows from operating activities |  | $ | (27,033 | ) |  | $ | 67,045 |  |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | (2,728 | ) |  | $ | 37,936 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to properties, plants, equipment and mineral interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21,413 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21,413 | )
Other investing activities, net |  |  | (28,804 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 28,804 |  |  |  | 19 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid to stockholders |  |  | (4,826 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,826 | )
Payments on debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,881 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,881 | )
Other financing activity |  |  | 66,630 |  |  |  | (38,466 | ) |  |  | (2,170 | ) |  |  | (26,076 | ) |  |  | (82 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | — |  |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,967 |  |  |  | 5,474 |  |  |  | (1,521 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,920 |
Beginning cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 89,256 |  |  |  | 12,455 |  |  |  | 29,172 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 130,883 |
Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 95,223 |  |  | $ | 17,929 |  |  | $ | 27,651 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 140,803 |

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion about our exposure to market risks and risk management activities includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as summarizes the financial instruments held by us at March 31, 2021, which are sensitive to changes in commodity prices and foreign exchange rates and are not held for trading purposes. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In the normal course of business, we also face risks that are either non-financial or non-quantifiable (See Item 1A. – Risk Factors of our 2020 Form 10-K).

Metals Prices

Changes in the market prices of silver, gold, lead and zinc can significantly affect our profitability and cash flow. Metal prices can and often do fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control (see Item 1A – Risk Factors – A substantial or extended decline in metals prices would have a material adverse effect on us in our 2020 Form 10-K ). We utilize financially-settled forward and put option contracts to manage our exposure to changes in prices for silver, gold, zinc and lead.

Provisional Sales

Sales of all metals products sold directly to customers, including by-product metals, are recorded as revenues when all performance obligations have been completed and the transaction price can be determined or reasonably estimated. For concentrate sales, revenues are generally recorded at the time of shipment at forward prices for the estimated month of settlement. Due to the time elapsed between shipment to the customer and the final settlement with the customer we must estimate the prices at which sales of our metals will be settled. Previously recorded sales are adjusted to estimated settlement metals prices until final settlement by the customer. Changes in metals prices between shipment and final settlement will result in changes to revenues previously recorded upon shipment. Metals prices can and often do fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control (see Item 1A – Risk Factors – A substantial or extended decline in metals prices would have a material adverse effect on us in our 2020 Form 10-K). At March 31, 2021, metals contained in concentrate sales and exposed to future price changes totaled 2.0 million ounces of silver, 5,523 ounces of gold, 8,831 tons of zinc, and 4,522 tons of lead. If the price for each metal were to change by 10%, the change in the total value of the concentrates sold would be approximately $8.8 million. As discussed in Commodity-Price Risk Management below, we utilize a program designed and intended to mitigate the risk of negative price adjustments with limited mark-to-market financially-settled forward contracts for our silver, gold, zinc and lead sales.

Commodity-Price Risk Management

See Note 8 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) and Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our 2020 Form 10-K for a description of our commodity-price risk management program.

Foreign Currency Risk Management

We operate or have mining interests in Canada and Mexico, which exposes us to risks associated with fluctuations in the exchange rates between the USD and the CAD and MXN, respectively. We have determined the functional currency for our Canadian and Mexican operations is the USD. As such, foreign exchange gains and losses associated with the re-measurement of monetary assets and liabilities from CAD and MXN to USD are recorded to earnings each period. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized a net foreign exchange loss of $2.1 million and gain of $6.6 million, respectively. Foreign currency exchange rates are influenced by a number of factors beyond our control. A 10% change in the exchange rate between the USD and CAD from the rate at March 31, 2021 would have resulted in a change of approximately $10.5 million in our net foreign exchange gain or loss. A 10% change in the exchange rate between the USD and MXN from the rate at March 31, 2021 would have resulted in a change of approximately $0.1 million in our net foreign exchange gain or loss.

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See Note 8 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) and Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Form 10-K for a description of our foreign currency risk management.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us is accumulated and communicated to our management (including our CEO and CFO), were effective as of March 31, 2021, in assuring them in a timely manner that material information required to be disclosed in this report has been properly recorded, processed, summarized and reported. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even a system which is determined to be effective cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues have been detected or prevented. Our systems of internal controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Part II - Other Information

Hecla Mining Company and Subsidiaries

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information concerning legal proceedings, refer to Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), which is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1A - Risk Factors of our annual report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 sets forth information relating to important risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds

On January 27, 2021, we issued 3,500,000 unregistered shares of our common stock to the Hecla Mining Company Pre-2005 Supplemental Excess Retirement Plan and the Hecla Mining Company Post-2004 Supplemental Excess Retirement Plan (together, the "SERP") in private placements in order to fund future benefit payment requirements for the SERP. The private placements were exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(a)(2) of that Act. The shares were subsequently registered for resale on a registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on February 18, 2021. We did not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the shares. The shares had a value of approximately $16.8 million at the time of issuance.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in exhibit 95 to this Quarterly Report.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Hecla Mining Company and Wholly Owned Subsidiaries

Form 10-Q - March 31, 2021

Index to Exhibits

1.1 | Equity Distribution Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2021, by and among Hecla Mining Company and the sales agents party thereto. Filed as exhibit 1.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2021 (File No. 1-8491) and incorporated herein by reference.

3.1 | Bylaws of Hecla Mining Company, as amended February 26, 2021. Filed as exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2021 (File No. 1-8491) and incorporated herein by reference.

10.1 | Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated February 26, 2021, between Registrant and Alice Wong, and dated March 1, 2021, between Registrant and Russell D. Lawlar, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, and filed on November 9, 2006.

10.2 | Form of Change of Control Agreement between Hecla Mining Company and Russell D. Lawlar, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and filed on February 23, 2016.

31.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

31.2 | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

32.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

32.2 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

95 | Mine safety information listed in Section 1503 of the Dodd-Frank Act. *

101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. **

101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.**

101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation.**

101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.**

101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels.**

101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation.**

104 | Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

** XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

Items 3 and 5 of Part II are not applicable and are omitted from this report.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | HECLA MINING COMPANY
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | May 6, 2021 | By: | /s/ Phillips S. Baker, Jr.
|  |  | Phillips S. Baker, Jr., President,
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Director
Date: | May 6, 2021 | By: | /s/ Russell D. Lawlar
|  |  | Russell D. Lawlar, Senior Vice President,
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

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