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Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The core principle of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," is that an entity should recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 62% of the Company’s total revenue was comprised of net interest income, which is not within the scope of this guidance. Of the remaining revenue, those items that were subject to this guidance mainly included fees for bank card, trust, deposit account services and consumer brokerage services.

The following table disaggregates non-interest income subject to ASU 2014-09 by major product line.
For the Years Ended December 31
(In thousands)202020192018
Bank card transaction fees$151,797 $167,879 $171,576 
Trust fees160,637 155,628 147,964 
Deposit account charges and other fees93,227 95,983 94,517 
Consumer brokerage services15,095 15,804 15,807 
Other non-interest income31,040 48,597 37,440 
Total non-interest income from contracts with customers451,796 483,891 467,304 
Other non-interest income (1)
54,071 40,812 34,037 
Total non-interest income$505,867 $524,703 $501,341 
(1) This revenue is not within the scope of ASU 2014-09, and includes fees relating to capital market activities, loan fees and sales, derivative instruments, standby letters of credit and various other transactions.

The following table presents the opening and closing receivable balances for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 for the Company’s significant revenue categories subject to ASU 2014-09.
(In thousands)December 31, 2020December 31, 2019December 31, 2018
Bank card transaction fees$14,199 $13,915 $13,035 
Trust fees2,071 2,093 2,721 
Deposit account charges and other fees6,933 6,523 6,107 
Consumer brokerage services432 596 559 

For these revenue categories, none of the transaction price has been allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of a reporting period. A description of these revenue categories follows.
Bank Card Transaction Fees
The following table presents the components of bank card fee income.
For the Years Ended December 31
(In thousands)202020192018
Debit card:
Fee income$39,862 $42,106 $41,522 
Expense for network charges(2,218)(2,081)(1,784)
Net debit card fees37,644 40,025 39,738 
Credit card:
Fee income24,921 27,416 26,799 
Expense for network charges and rewards(11,528)(13,239)(13,834)
Net credit card fees13,393 14,177 12,965 
Corporate card:
Fee income179,251 196,984 199,651 
Expense for network charges and rewards(96,877)(102,596)(100,011)
Net corporate card fees82,374 94,388 99,640 
Merchant:
Fee income29,660 31,517 30,241 
Fees to cardholder banks(8,115)(8,779)(7,831)
Expense for network charges(3,159)(3,449)(3,177)
Net merchant fees18,386 19,289 19,233 
Total bank card transaction fees$151,797 $167,879 $171,576 

The majority of debit and credit card fees are reported in the Consumer segment, while corporate card and merchant fees are reported in the Commercial segment.

Debit and Credit Card Fees
The Company issues debit and credit cards to its retail and commercial banking customers who use the cards to purchase goods and services from merchants through an electronic payment system. As a card issuer, the Company earns fees, including interchange income, for processing the cardholder’s purchase transaction with a merchant through a settlement network. Purchases are charged directly to a customer’s checking account (in the case of a debit card), or are posted to a customer’s credit card account. The fees earned are established by the settlement network and are dependent on the type of transaction processed but are typically based on a per unit charge. Interchange income, the largest component of debit and credit card fees, is settled daily through the networks. The services provided to the cardholders include issuing and maintaining cards, settling purchases with merchants, and maintaining memberships in various card networks to facilitate processing. These services are considered one performance obligation, as one of the services would not be performed without the others. The performance obligation is satisfied as services are rendered for each purchase transaction, and income is immediately recognized.

In order to participate in the settlement network process, the Company must pay various transaction-related costs, established by the networks, including membership fees and a per unit charge for each transaction. These expenses are recorded net of the card fees earned.

Consumer credit card products offer cardholders rewards that can be later redeemed for cash or goods or services to encourage card usage. Reward programs must meet network requirements based on the type of card issued. The expense associated with the rewards granted are recorded net of the credit card fees earned.

Commercial card products offer cash rewards to corporate cardholders to encourage card usage in facilitating corporate payments. The Company pays cash rewards based on contractually agreed upon amounts, normally as a percent of each sales transaction. The expense associated with the cash rewards program is recorded net of the corporate card fees earned.
Merchant Fees
The Company offers merchant processing services to its business customers to enable them to accept credit and debit card payments. Merchant processing activities include gathering merchant sales information, authorizing sales transactions and collecting the funds from card issuers using the networks. The merchant is charged a merchant discount fee for the services based on agreed upon pricing between the merchant and the Company. Merchant fees are recorded net of outgoing interchange costs paid to the card issuing banks and net of other network costs as shown in the table above.

Merchant services provided are considered one performance obligation, as one of the services would not be performed without the others. The performance obligation is satisfied as services are rendered for each settlement transaction and income is immediately recognized. Income earned from merchant fees settles with the customer according to terms negotiated in individual customer contracts.  The majority of customers settle with the Company at least monthly. 

Trust Fees
The following table shows the components of revenue within trust fees, which are reported within the Wealth segment.
For the Years Ended December 31
(In thousands)
202020192018
Private client
$123,941 $118,832 $111,533 
Institutional
30,544 29,468 29,241 
Other
6,152 7,328 7,190 
Total trust fees
$160,637 $155,628 $147,964 

The Company provides trust and asset management services to both private client and institutional trust customers including asset custody, investment advice, and reporting and administrative services. Other specialized services such as tax preparation, financial planning, representation and other related services are provided as needed. Trust fees are generally earned monthly and billed based on a rate multiplied by the fair value of the customer's trust assets. The majority of customer trust accounts are billed monthly. However, some accounts are billed quarterly, and a small number of accounts are billed semi-annually or annually, in accordance with agreements in place with the customer. The Company accrues trust fees monthly based on an estimate of fees due and either directly charges the customer’s account the following month or invoices the customer for fees due according to the billing schedule.

The Company maintains written product pricing information which is used to bill each trust customer based on the services provided. Providing trust services is considered to be a single performance obligation that is satisfied on a monthly basis, involving the monthly custody of customer assets, statement rendering, periodic investment advice where applicable, and other specialized services as needed. As such, performance obligations are considered to be satisfied at the conclusion of each month while trust fee income is also recorded monthly.

Deposit Account Charges and Other Fees
The following table shows the components of revenue within deposit account charges and other fees.
For the Years Ended December 31
(In thousands)202020192018
Corporate cash management fees$46,762 $41,442 $38,468 
Overdraft and return item fees22,951 30,596 31,468 
Other service charges on deposit accounts23,514 23,945 24,581 
Total deposit account charges and other fees$93,227 $95,983 $94,517 

Approximately half of this revenue is reported in the Consumer segment, while the remainder is reported in the Commercial segment.        

The Company provides corporate cash management services to its business and non-profit customers to meet their various transaction processing needs. Such services include deposit and check processing, lockbox, remote deposit, reconciliation, online banking and other similar transaction processing services. The Company maintains unit prices for each type of service, and the customer is billed based on transaction volumes processed monthly. The customer is usually billed either monthly or quarterly, however, some customers may be billed semi-annually or annually. The customer may pay for the cash management services provided either by paying in cash or using the value of deposit balances (formula provided to the customer) held at the
Company. The Company’s performance obligation for corporate cash management services is the processing of items over a monthly term, and the obligations are satisfied at the conclusion of each month.

Overdraft fees are charged to customers when daily checks and other withdrawals to customers’ accounts exceed balances on hand. Fees are based on a unit price multiplied by the number of items processed whose total amounts exceed the available account balance. The daily overdraft charge is calculated and the fee is posted to the customer’s account each day. The Company’s performance obligation for overdraft transactions is based on the daily transaction processed and the obligation is satisfied as each day’s transaction processing is concluded.

Other deposit fees include numerous smaller fees such as monthly statement fees, foreign ATM processing fees, identification restoration fees, and stop payment fees. Such fees are mostly billed to customers directly on their monthly deposit account statements, or in the case of foreign ATM processing fees, the fee is charged to the customer on the day that transactions are processed. Performance obligations for all of these various services are satisfied at the time that the service is rendered.

Consumer Brokerage Services
The following shows the components of revenue within consumer brokerage services, and nearly all of this revenue is reported in the Company's Wealth segment.    
For the Years Ended December 31
(In thousands)202020192018
Commission income$8,002 $9,071 $8,956 
Managed account services7,093 6,733 6,851 
Total consumer brokerage services$15,095 $15,804 $15,807 

Consumer brokerage services revenue is comprised of commissions received upon the execution of purchases and sales of mutual fund shares and equity securities, in addition to sales of annuities and certain limited insurance products in an agency capacity. Also, fees are earned on professionally managed advisory programs through arrangements with sub-advisors. Payment from the customer is due upon settlement date for purchases and sales of securities, at the purchase date for annuities and insurance products, and upon inception of the service period for advisory programs.        

Most of the contracts (except advisory contracts) encompass two types of performance obligations. The first is an obligation to provide account maintenance, record keeping and custodial services throughout the contract term. The second is the obligation to provide trade execution services for the customers' purchases and sales of products mentioned above. The first obligation is satisfied over time as the service period elapses, while the second type of obligation is satisfied upon the execution of each purchase/sale transaction. Contracts for advisory services contain a single performance obligation comprised of providing the management services and related reporting/administrative services over the contract term.

The transaction price of the contracts (except advisory contracts) is a commission charged at the time of trade execution. The commission varies across different security types, insurance products and mutual funds. It is generally determined by standardized price lists published by the Company and its mutual fund and insurance vendors. Because the transaction price relates specifically to the trade execution, it has been allocated to that performance obligation and is recorded at the time of execution. The fee for advisory services is charged to the customer in advance of the quarterly service period, based on the account balance at the beginning of the period. Revenue is recognized ratably over the service period.

Other Non-Interest Income from Contracts with Customers
Other non-interest income from contracts with customers consists mainly of various customer deposit related fees such as ATM fees and gains on sales of tax credits, foreclosed assets, and bank premises and equipment. Performance obligations for these services consist mainly of the execution of transactions for sales of various properties or providing specific deposit related transactions. Fees from these revenue sources are recognized when the performance obligation is completed, at which time cash is received by the Company.