Financial Statement Information

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We have a reserve for uncollectible accounts, which was approximately $63 million and $58 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):



	March 31,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Aftermarket and refurbished products	$	1,915,537	$	1,877,653
Salvage and remanufactured products	469,648		487,108
Manufactured products	16,124		16,022
Total inventories	$	2,401,309	$	2,380,783

Aftermarket and refurbished products and salvage and remanufactured products are primarily composed of finished goods. As of March 31, 2018, manufactured products inventory was composed of $9 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $5 million of finished goods. As of December 31, 2017, manufactured products inventory was composed of $10 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $4 million of finished goods.

Property, Plant and Equipment

We record depreciation expense associated with our refurbishing, remanufacturing, manufacturing and furnace operations as well as our distribution centers in Cost of goods sold on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. All other depreciation expense is reported in Depreciation and amortization. Total depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $37 million and $27 million, respectively.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist primarily of goodwill (the cost of purchased businesses in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired) and other specifically identifiable intangible assets, such as trade names, trademarks, customer and supplier relationships, software and other technology related assets, and covenants not to compete.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):



	North America			Europe		Specialty			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	1,709,354		$	1,414,898	$	412,259		$	3,536,511
Business acquisitions and adjustments to previously recorded goodwill	584			259		(4,977		)	(4,134		)
Exchange rate effects	(2,891		)	42,510		202			39,821
Balance as of March 31, 2018	$	1,707,047		$	1,457,667	$	407,484		$	3,572,198

The components of other intangibles, net are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Intangible assets subject to amortization	$	658,704	$	664,969
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trademarks	81,300		78,800
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets	800		—
Total	$	740,804	$	743,769

The components of intangible assets subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Trade names and trademarks	$	333,802	$	(79,437	)	$	254,365	$	327,332	$	(75,095	)	$	252,237
Customer and supplier relationships	520,386		(185,417		)	334,969		510,113		(167,532		)	342,581
Software and other technology related assets	129,851		(65,070		)	64,781		124,049		(59,081		)	64,968
Covenants not to compete	13,920		(9,331		)	4,589		14,981		(9,798		)	5,183
Total	$	997,959	$	(339,255	)	$	658,704	$	976,475	$	(311,506	)	$	664,969

Our estimated useful lives for our finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:



	Method of Amortization	Useful Life
Trade names and trademarks	Straight-line	4-30 years
Customer and supplier relationships	Accelerated	6-20 years
Software and other technology related assets	Straight-line	3-15 years
Covenants not to compete	Straight-line	2-5 years

Amortization expense for intangibles was $24 million and $23 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for each of the five years in the period ending December 31, 2022 is $75 million (for the remaining nine months of 2018), $85 million, $72 million, $60 million and $51 million, respectively.

Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries

Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries was $208 million at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. On December 1, 2016, we acquired a 26.5% equity interest in Mekonomen AB ("Mekonomen") from AxMeko AB, an affiliate of Axel Johnson AB, for an aggregate purchase price of $181 million. Headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, Mekonomen is the leading independent car parts and service chain in the Nordic region of Europe, offering a range of products including spare parts and accessories for cars, and workshop services for consumers and businesses. We are accounting for our interest in Mekonomen using the equity method of accounting, as our investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. As of March 31, 2018, the book value of our investment in Mekonomen exceeded our share of the book value of Mekonomen's net assets by $125 million; this difference is primarily related to goodwill and the fair value of other intangible assets. We are recording our equity in the net earnings of Mekonomen on a one quarter lag. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded equity in earnings totaling $2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to our investment in Mekonomen, which represents our share of the results for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, including adjustments to convert the results to GAAP and to recognize the impact of our purchase accounting adjustments. In May 2017, we received a cash dividend of $7 million (SEK 67 million) related to our investment in Mekonomen. The Level 1 fair value of our equity investment in the publicly traded Mekonomen common stock at March 31, 2018 was $163 million compared to a carrying value of $202 million. We evaluated our investment in Mekonomen for other-than-temporary impairment and concluded the decline in fair value was not other-than-temporary.

Warranty Reserve

Some of our salvage mechanical products are sold with a standard six month warranty against defects. Additionally, some of our remanufactured engines are sold with a standard three year warranty against defects. We also provide a limited lifetime warranty for certain of our aftermarket products. These assurance-type warranties are not considered a separate performance obligation and thus, no transaction price is allocated to it. We record the warranty costs in Cost of goods sold on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Our warranty reserve is calculated using historical claim information to project future warranty claims activity and is recorded within Other accrued expenses and Other noncurrent liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of the related payments.

The changes in the warranty reserve are as follows (in thousands):



Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	23,151
Warranty expense	10,000
Warranty claims	(9,294		)
Balance as of March 31, 2018	$	23,857

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adoption of New Revenue Standard

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"). This update outlines a new comprehensive revenue recognition model that supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance and requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB has issued several updates to ASU 2014-09, which collectively with ASU 2014-09, represent the FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 for all contracts using the modified retrospective method, which means the historical periods are presented under the previous revenue standards with the cumulative net income effect being adjusted through retained earnings.

Most of the changes resulting from our adoption of ASC 606 were changes in presentation within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Therefore, while we made adjustments to certain opening balances on our January 1, 2018 balance sheet, we made no adjustments to opening retained earnings. We expect the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 to be immaterial to our net income on an ongoing basis. See Note 5, "Revenue Recognition" for the required disclosures under ASC 606.

With the adoption of ASC 606, we reclassified certain amounts related to variable consideration. Under ASC 606, we are required to present a refund liability and a returns asset within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, whereas in periods prior to adoption, we presented the estimated margin impact of expected returns as a contra-asset within accounts receivable. Additionally, under ASC 606, the changes in the refund liability are reported in revenue, and the changes in the returns assets are reported in Cost of goods sold in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Prior to adoption, the change in the reserve for returns was generally reported as a net amount within revenue. As a result, the income statement presentation was adjusted concurrently with the balance sheet change beginning in 2018.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):



	Balance as of December 31, 2017		Adjustments Due to ASC 606		Balance as of January 1, 2018
Balance Sheet
Assets
Accounts receivable	$	1,027,106	$	38,511	$	1,065,617
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	134,479		44,508		178,987
Liabilities
Refund liability	—		83,019		83,019

The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):



	Balance as of March 31, 2018
	As Reported		Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Balance Sheet
Assets
Accounts receivable	$	1,211,788	$	1,165,618	$	46,170
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	180,367		127,358		53,009
Liabilities
Refund liability	99,179		—		99,179



	For the three months ended March 31, 2018
	As Reported		Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Income Statement
Revenue	$	2,720,764	$	2,728,712	$	(7,948	)
Cost of goods sold	1,666,793		1,674,173		(7,380		)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	766,891		767,459		(568		)

We have not included a table of the impact of the balance sheet adjustments on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as the adjustment will net to zero within the operating activities section of this statement.

Under ASC 606, we have elected not to adjust consideration for the effect of a significant financing component at contract inception if the period between the transfer of goods to the customer and payment received from the customer is one year or less. Generally, our payment terms are short term in nature, but in some instances we may offer extended terms to customers exceeding one year such that interest would be accrued with respect to those contracts. The interest that would be accrued related to these contracts is immaterial at March 31, 2018.

Under ASC 340, "Other Assets and Deferred Costs," we have elected to recognize incremental costs of obtaining a contract (commissions earned by our sales representatives on product sales) as an expense when incurred, as we believe the amortization period of the asset would be one year or less due to the short-term nature of our contracts.

Other Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”), which changes how entities will recognize, measure, present and make disclosures about certain financial assets and financial liabilities. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.

During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which includes guidance on classification for the following items: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims and corporate-owned or bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and other separately identifiable cash flows where application of the predominance principle is prescribed. No adjustments were required in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Within our Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows in Note 16, "Condensed Consolidating Financial Information," we now present a new line item, Payments of deferred purchase price on receivables securitization, as a result of adopting ASU 2016-15; prior year cash flow information within this footnote has been recast to reflect the impact of adopting this accounting standard. Other than the addition of this new line item, there was no impact to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows.

During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-01 "Clarifying the Definition of a Business" (“ASU 2017-01”), which requires an evaluation of whether substantially all of the fair value of assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction does not qualify as a business. The guidance also requires an acquired business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 did not have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2018-02, "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"), which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 21% from 35% due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"). In addition, under ASU 2018-02, an entity is required to provide certain disclosures regarding stranded tax effects. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-02, we recorded a $5 million reclassification to increase Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income and decrease Retained Earnings.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" ("ASU 2016-02"), to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between current GAAP and ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard requires that entities apply the effects of these changes using a modified retrospective approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients. While we are still in the process of quantifying the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, we anticipate the adoption will materially affect our consolidated balance sheet and disclosures, as the majority of our operating leases will be recorded on the balance sheet under ASU 2016-02. While we do not anticipate the adoption of this accounting standard to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of income at this time, this conclusion may change as we finalize our assessment. In order to assist in our timely implementation of the new standard, we have purchased new software to track our leases. We have engaged a third party to assist with the implementation of the new software with an expectation to complete the implementation by the end of 2018.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 ("Derivatives and Hedging"). ASU 2017-12 significantly alters the hedge accounting model by making it easier for an entity to achieve and maintain hedge accounting and provides for accounting that better reflects an entity's risk management activities. ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. Entities will adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-12 by applying a modified retrospective approach to existing hedging relationships as of the adoption date. At this time, we are still evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements.