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Financial Statement Information
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Inventory
Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Aftermarket and refurbished products
$
2,229,681

 
$
2,309,458

Salvage and remanufactured products
437,463

 
503,199

Manufactured products
24,862

 
23,418

Total inventories (1)
$
2,692,006

 
$
2,836,075


(1)
During the first quarter of 2019, $62 million of inventory was classified as held for sale. Refer to the "Net Assets Held for Sale" section for further information.
Aftermarket and refurbished products and salvage and remanufactured products are primarily composed of finished goods. As of March 31, 2019, manufactured products inventory was composed of $17 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $6 million of finished goods. As of December 31, 2018, manufactured products inventory was composed of $17 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $4 million of finished goods.
Receivables, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We have a reserve for uncollectible accounts, which was approximately $55 million and $57 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Financial Statement Information
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We have a reserve for uncollectible accounts, which was approximately $55 million and $57 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Aftermarket and refurbished products
$
2,229,681

 
$
2,309,458

Salvage and remanufactured products
437,463

 
503,199

Manufactured products
24,862

 
23,418

Total inventories (1)
$
2,692,006

 
$
2,836,075


(1)
During the first quarter of 2019, $62 million of inventory was classified as held for sale. Refer to the "Net Assets Held for Sale" section for further information.
Aftermarket and refurbished products and salvage and remanufactured products are primarily composed of finished goods. As of March 31, 2019, manufactured products inventory was composed of $17 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $6 million of finished goods. As of December 31, 2018, manufactured products inventory was composed of $17 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $4 million of finished goods.
Net Assets Held for Sale
During the first quarter of 2019, we committed to plans to sell certain businesses in our North America and Europe segments. As a result, these businesses were classified as net assets held for sale and were required to be adjusted to the lower of fair value less cost to sell or carrying value, resulting in total impairment charges of $15 million, which were recorded within Impairment of net assets held for sale in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. As of March 31, 2019, there were $88 million of assets held for sale, including $5 million of goodwill that was reclassified as held for sale related to our Europe segment, and $8 million of liabilities held for sale, which are recorded within Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other current liabilities, respectively, on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. We expect these businesses to be disposed of during the next twelve months. The businesses do not meet the requirements to be considered discontinued operations. These businesses generated annualized revenue of approximately $170 million during the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2019.
We are required to record net assets of our held for sale businesses at the lower of fair value less cost to sell or carrying value. Fair values were based on projected discounted cash flows and/or estimated selling prices. Management's assumptions for our discounted cash flow analysis of the businesses were based on projecting revenues and profits, tax rates, capital expenditures, working capital requirements and discount rates. For businesses for which we utilized estimated selling prices to calculate the fair value, factors included projected market multiples and any legitimate offers. Due to the uncertainties in the estimation process, it is possible that actual results could differ from the estimates used in the Company's historical analysis. The inputs utilized in the fair value estimates are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of the net assets were measured on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2019.
Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries was $134 million and $179 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. On December 1, 2016, we acquired a 26.5% equity interest in Mekonomen AB ("Mekonomen") for an aggregate purchase price of $181 million. In October 2018, we acquired an additional $48 million of equity in Mekonomen at a discounted share price as part of its rights issue, increasing our equity interest to 26.6%. We are accounting for our interest in Mekonomen using the equity method of accounting, as our investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. As of March 31, 2019, our share of the book value of Mekonomen's net assets exceeded the book value of our investment in Mekonomen by $5 million; this difference is primarily related to Mekonomen's Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income balance as of our acquisition date in 2016. We are recording our equity in the net earnings of Mekonomen on a one quarter lag. We recorded an equity loss of $40 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to equity in earnings of $2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to our investment in Mekonomen, including adjustments to convert the results to GAAP and to recognize the impact of our purchase accounting adjustments and the other-than-temporary impairment (three months ended March 31, 2019 only) described below. In May 2018, we received a cash dividend of $8 million (SEK 67 million) related to our investment in Mekonomen. Mekonomen announced in February 2019 that the Mekonomen Board of Directors has proposed no dividend payment in 2019.
We evaluated our investment in Mekonomen for other-than-temporary impairment as of March 31, 2019, and concluded the decline in fair value was other-than-temporary due to a significant stock price decrease since December 31, 2018, the last date at which we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge related to our investment. Therefore, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment of $40 million, which represented the difference in the carrying value and the fair value of our investment in Mekonomen. The fair value of our investment in Mekonomen was determined using the Mekonomen share price of SEK 65 as of March 31, 2019. The impairment charge is recorded in Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Equity in losses and earnings from our investment in Mekonomen are reported in the Europe segment. As a result of the impairment charge, the Level 1 fair value of our equity investment in the publicly traded Mekonomen common stock at March 31, 2019 approximated the carrying value of $110 million.
Warranty Reserve
Some of our salvage mechanical products are sold with a standard six month warranty against defects. Additionally, some of our remanufactured engines are sold with a standard three year warranty against defects. We also provide a limited lifetime warranty for certain of our aftermarket products. These assurance-type warranties are not considered a separate performance obligation, and thus no transaction price is allocated to them. We record the warranty costs in Cost of goods sold on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Our warranty reserve is calculated using historical claim information to project future warranty claims activity and is recorded within Other accrued expenses and Other noncurrent liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of the related payments.
The changes in the warranty reserve are as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
23,262

Warranty expense
14,202

Warranty claims
(12,499
)
Balance as of March 31, 2019
$
24,965


Litigation and Related Contingencies
We have certain contingencies resulting from litigation, claims and other commitments and are subject to a variety of environmental and pollution control laws and regulations incident to the ordinary course of business. We currently expect that the resolution of such contingencies will not materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Treasury Stock    
On October 25, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program under which we may purchase up to $500 million of our common stock from time to time through October 25, 2021. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, with the amount and timing of repurchases depending on market conditions and corporate needs. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Delaware law imposes restrictions on stock repurchases. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we repurchased 2.6 million shares of common stock for an aggregate price of $70 million. During 2018, we repurchased 2.3 million shares of common stock for an aggregate price of $60 million. As of March 31, 2019, there is $370 million of remaining capacity under our repurchase program. Repurchased shares are accounted for as treasury stock using the cost method.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Lease Standard
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, "Leases" ("ASU 2016-02"), which represents the FASB Accounting Standard Codification Topic 842 ("ASC 842"), to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between the prior standard and ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under the prior standard.
We adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and took advantage of the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which, among other things, allows us to carryforward the historical lease classification. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, we elected the short-term lease exemption, which allowed us to not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for qualifying leases existing at transition and new leases we may enter into in the future. Additionally, we adopted the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components.
As of January 1, 2019, we recorded both an operating lease asset and operating lease liability of $1.3 billion. The preexisting deferred rent liability balances from the historical straight-line treatment of operating leases was reclassified as a reduction of the lease asset upon adoption. The adoption of the standard did not materially affect our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income or Statements of Cash Flows as operating lease payments will still be an operating cash outflow and capital lease payments will still be a financing cash outflow. The new standard did not have a material impact on our liquidity. The standard will have no impact on our debt covenant compliance under our current agreements as the covenant calculations are based on the prior lease accounting rules.
Other Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
During the first quarter of 2019, we adopted ASU No. 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 ("Derivatives and Hedging"). ASU 2017-12 significantly alters the hedge accounting model by making it easier for an entity to achieve and maintain hedge accounting and provides for accounting that better reflects an entity's risk management activities. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-12 by applying a modified retrospective approach to existing hedging relationships as of the adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2017-12 did not have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Disclosure Framework- Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2018-13"), which removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements in ASC 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of this standard on our disclosures but do not believe that it will have a material impact.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), and in November 2018 issued a subsequent amendment, ASU 2018-19, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" ("ASU 2018-19"). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2018-19 will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope of this amendment that represent the contractual right to receive cash. ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 should be applied on either a prospective transition or modified-retrospective approach depending on the subtopic. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Lease Standard
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, "Leases" ("ASU 2016-02"), which represents the FASB Accounting Standard Codification Topic 842 ("ASC 842"), to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between the prior standard and ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under the prior standard.
We adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and took advantage of the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which, among other things, allows us to carryforward the historical lease classification. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, we elected the short-term lease exemption, which allowed us to not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for qualifying leases existing at transition and new leases we may enter into in the future. Additionally, we adopted the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components.
As of January 1, 2019, we recorded both an operating lease asset and operating lease liability of $1.3 billion. The preexisting deferred rent liability balances from the historical straight-line treatment of operating leases was reclassified as a reduction of the lease asset upon adoption. The adoption of the standard did not materially affect our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income or Statements of Cash Flows as operating lease payments will still be an operating cash outflow and capital lease payments will still be a financing cash outflow. The new standard did not have a material impact on our liquidity. The standard will have no impact on our debt covenant compliance under our current agreements as the covenant calculations are based on the prior lease accounting rules.
Other Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
During the first quarter of 2019, we adopted ASU No. 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 ("Derivatives and Hedging"). ASU 2017-12 significantly alters the hedge accounting model by making it easier for an entity to achieve and maintain hedge accounting and provides for accounting that better reflects an entity's risk management activities. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-12 by applying a modified retrospective approach to existing hedging relationships as of the adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2017-12 did not have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Disclosure Framework- Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2018-13"), which removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements in ASC 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of this standard on our disclosures but do not believe that it will have a material impact.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), and in November 2018 issued a subsequent amendment, ASU 2018-19, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" ("ASU 2018-19"). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2018-19 will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope of this amendment that represent the contractual right to receive cash. ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 should be applied on either a prospective transition or modified-retrospective approach depending on the subtopic. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.