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Segment and Geographic Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment and Geographic Information | Segment and Geographic Information We have four operating segments: Wholesale – North America, Europe, Specialty and Self Service. Our Wholesale – North America and Self Service operating segments are aggregated into one reportable segment, North America, because they possess similar economic characteristics and have common products and services, customers, and methods of distribution. Our reportable segments are organized based on a combination of geographic areas served and type of product lines offered. The reportable segments are managed separately as each business serves different customers (i.e. geographic in the case of North America and Europe and product type in the case of Specialty) and is affected by different economic conditions. Therefore, we present three reportable segments: North America, Europe and Specialty. The following tables present our financial performance by reportable segment for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| North America |  | Europe |  | Specialty |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third Party | $ | 5,208,589 |  |  | $ | 5,838,124 |  |  | $ | 1,459,396 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,506,109 |
Intersegment | 705 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,646 |  |  | (5,351 | ) |  | — |
Total segment revenue | $ | 5,209,294 |  |  | $ | 5,838,124 |  |  | $ | 1,464,042 |  |  | $ | (5,351 | ) |  | $ | 12,506,109 |
Segment EBITDA | $ | 712,957 |  |  | $ | 454,220 |  |  | $ | 161,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,328,361 |
Depreciation and amortization (1) | 93,747 |  |  | 191,195 |  |  | 29,464 |  |  | — |  |  | 314,406 |
Year Ended December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third Party | $ | 5,181,964 |  |  | $ | 5,221,754 |  |  | $ | 1,472,956 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,876,674 |
Intersegment | 645 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,724 |  |  | (5,369 | ) |  | — |
Total segment revenue | $ | 5,182,609 |  |  | $ | 5,221,754 |  |  | $ | 1,477,680 |  |  | $ | (5,369 | ) |  | $ | 11,876,674 |
Segment EBITDA | $ | 660,153 |  |  | $ | 422,721 |  |  | $ | 168,525 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,251,399 |
Depreciation and amortization (1) | 87,348 |  |  | 178,473 |  |  | 28,256 |  |  | — |  |  | 294,077 |
Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third Party | $ | 4,798,901 |  |  | $ | 3,636,811 |  |  | $ | 1,301,197 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,736,909 |
Intersegment | 750 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,319 |  |  | (5,069 | ) |  | — |
Total segment revenue | $ | 4,799,651 |  |  | $ | 3,636,811 |  |  | $ | 1,305,516 |  |  | $ | (5,069 | ) |  | $ | 9,736,909 |
Segment EBITDA | $ | 655,275 |  |  | $ | 319,156 |  |  | $ | 142,159 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,116,590 |
Depreciation and amortization (1) | 86,303 |  |  | 120,805 |  |  | 23,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 230,203 |
(1) Amounts presented include depreciation and amortization expense recorded within cost of goods sold. The key measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, is Segment EBITDA. Segment EBITDA includes revenue and expenses that are controllable by the segment. Corporate general and administrative expenses are allocated to the segments based on usage, with shared expenses apportioned based on the segment's percentage of consolidated revenue. We calculate Segment EBITDA as EBITDA excluding restructuring and acquisition related expenses (which includes restructuring expenses recorded in Cost of goods sold), change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, other gains and losses related to acquisitions, equity method investments or divestitures, equity in losses and earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries, and impairment charges. EBITDA, which is the basis for Segment EBITDA, is calculated as net income, less net income (loss) attributable to continuing and discontinued noncontrolling interest, excluding discontinued operations and discontinued noncontrolling interest, depreciation, amortization, interest (which includes gains and losses on debt extinguishment) and income tax expense. The table below provides a reconciliation of Net Income to Segment EBITDA (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income | $ | 545,034 |  |  | $ | 483,168 |  |  | $ | 530,228 |
Less: net income attributable to continuing noncontrolling interest | 2,800 |  |  | 3,050 |  |  | (3,516 | )
Less: net income attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest | 974 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders | 541,260 |  |  | 480,118 |  |  | 533,744 |
Subtract: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations | 1,619 |  |  | (4,397 | ) |  | (6,746 | )
Net income attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest | (974 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income from continuing operations attributable to LKQ stockholders | 540,615 |  |  | 484,515 |  |  | 540,490 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 290,770 |  |  | 274,213 |  |  | 219,546 |
Depreciation and amortization - cost of goods sold | 21,007 |  |  | 19,864 |  |  | 10,657 |
Depreciation and amortization - restructuring expenses - cost of goods sold | 305 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization - restructuring expenses | 2,324 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest expense, net of interest income | 136,274 |  |  | 144,536 |  |  | 100,620 |
(Gain) loss on debt extinguishment | (128 | ) |  | 1,350 |  |  | 456 |
Provision for income taxes | 215,330 |  |  | 191,395 |  |  | 235,560 |
EBITDA | 1,206,497 |  |  | 1,115,873 |  |  | 1,107,329 |
Subtract: |  |  |  |  |
Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries (1) | (32,277 | ) |  | (64,471 | ) |  | 5,907 |
Fair value loss on Mekonomen derivative instrument (1) | — |  |  | (5,168 | ) |  | — |
Gain due to resolution of acquisition related matter | 12,063 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gains on bargain purchases and previously held equity interests (2) | 1,157 |  |  | 2,418 |  |  | 3,870 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses (3) | 34,658 |  |  | 32,428 |  |  | 19,672 |
Restructuring expenses - cost of goods sold (4) | 20,654 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Inventory step-up adjustment - acquisition related | — |  |  | 403 |  |  | 3,584 |
Impairment of net assets held for sale and goodwill (5) (6) | 47,102 |  |  | 35,682 |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities | 393 |  |  | (208 | ) |  | (4,218 | )
Segment EBITDA | $ | 1,328,361 |  |  | $ | 1,251,399 |  |  | $ | 1,116,590 |
(1) | Refer to "Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries" in Note 4, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," for further information.
(2) | Reflects the gains on bargain purchases and previously held equity interests related to our acquisitions of wholesale businesses in Europe and Andrew Page. See Note 2, "Business Combinations," for further information on bargain purchases.
(3) | Excludes $2 million of depreciation expense that is reported in Restructuring and acquisition related expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 6, "Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses," for further information.
(4) | Refer to Note 6, "Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses," for further information.
(5) | Refer to "Intangible Assets" in Note 4, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," for further information on the impairment of goodwill recorded in 2018.
(6) | Refer to "Net Assets Held for Sale" in Note 4, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," for further information on the impairment charges recorded during 2019. In 2018, amounts were recorded in Interest income and other income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table presents capital expenditures by reportable segment (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Capital Expenditures |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 131,643 |  |  | $ | 129,391 |  |  | $ | 95,823 |
Europe | 121,596 |  |  | 99,885 |  |  | 71,494 |
Specialty | 12,491 |  |  | 20,751 |  |  | 8,175 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,598 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 265,730 |  |  | $ | 250,027 |  |  | $ | 179,090 |
The following table presents assets by reportable segment (in thousands):
| December 31,
2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Receivables, net |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 419,452 |  |  | $ | 411,818 |  |  | $ | 379,666 |
Europe | 636,216 |  |  | 649,174 |  |  | 555,372 |
Specialty | 75,464 |  |  | 93,091 |  |  | 92,068 |
Total receivables, net | 1,131,132 |  |  | 1,154,083 |  |  | 1,027,106 |
Inventories |  |  |  |  |
North America | 991,062 |  |  | 1,076,306 |  |  | 1,076,393 |
Europe | 1,401,801 |  |  | 1,410,264 |  |  | 964,068 |
Specialty | 379,914 |  |  | 349,505 |  |  | 340,322 |
Total inventories | 2,772,777 |  |  | 2,836,075 |  |  | 2,380,783 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  |  |  |
North America | 610,573 |  |  | 570,508 |  |  | 537,286 |
Europe | 538,951 |  |  | 562,600 |  |  | 293,539 |
Specialty | 84,876 |  |  | 87,054 |  |  | 82,264 |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | 1,234,400 |  |  | 1,220,162 |  |  | 913,089 |
Operating lease assets, net (1) |  |  |  |  |
North America | 768,164 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Europe | 457,035 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Specialty | 83,312 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total operating lease assets, net | 1,308,511 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity method investments |  |  |  |  |
North America | 17,624 |  |  | 16,404 |  |  | 336 |
Europe (2) | 121,619 |  |  | 162,765 |  |  | 208,068 |
Total equity method investments | 139,243 |  |  | 179,169 |  |  | 208,404 |
Other unallocated assets | 6,193,893 |  |  | 6,003,913 |  |  | 4,837,490 |
Total assets | $ | 12,779,956 |  |  | $ | 11,393,402 |  |  | $ | 9,366,872 |
(1) | Refer to Note 13, "Leases," for further information.
(2) | Refer to "Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries" in Note 4, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," for further information on the decrease in the balance from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019.
We report net receivables; inventories; net property, plant and equipment; net operating lease assets; and equity method investments by segment as that information is used by the chief operating decision maker in assessing segment performance. These assets provide a measure for the operating capital employed in each segment. Unallocated assets include cash and cash equivalents, prepaid and other current and noncurrent assets, goodwill and other intangibles. Our largest countries of operation are the U.S., followed by the U.K. and Germany. Additional European operations are located in the Netherlands, Italy, Czech Republic, Belgium, Poland, Slovakia, Austria, and other European countries. Our operations in other countries include operations in Canada, engine remanufacturing operations in Mexico, an aftermarket parts freight consolidation warehouse in Taiwan, and administrative support functions in India. Our net sales are attributed to geographic area based on the location of the selling operation. The following table sets forth our revenue by geographic area (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Revenue |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 6,220,267 |  |  | $ | 6,192,636 |  |  | $ | 5,662,016 |
United Kingdom | 1,599,074 |  |  | 1,665,317 |  |  | 1,548,212 |
Germany | 1,578,543 |  |  | 974,514 |  |  | 1,744 |
Other countries | 3,108,225 |  |  | 3,044,207 |  |  | 2,524,937 |
Total revenue | $ | 12,506,109 |  |  | $ | 11,876,674 |  |  | $ | 9,736,909 |
The following table sets forth our tangible long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Long-lived assets (1) |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 1,467,701 |  |  | $ | 620,125 |  |  | $ | 583,236 |
Germany | 340,995 |  |  | 217,476 |  |  | 41 |
United Kingdom | 330,113 |  |  | 165,145 |  |  | 178,021 |
Other countries | 404,102 |  |  | 217,416 |  |  | 151,791 |
Total long-lived assets | $ | 2,542,911 |  |  | $ | 1,220,162 |  |  | $ | 913,089 |
(1) The increase in long-lived assets is primarily related to the net operating lease assets added as a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting standard. Refer to Note 13, "Leases," for further information.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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