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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Warranty Reserve
Warranty Reserve
Some of our salvage mechanical products are sold with a standard six month warranty against defects. Additionally, some of our remanufactured engines are sold with a standard three year warranty against defects. We also provide a limited lifetime warranty for certain of our aftermarket products. These assurance-type warranties are not considered a separate performance obligation, and thus no transaction price is allocated to them. We record the warranty costs in Cost of goods sold in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Our warranty reserve is calculated using historical claim information to project future warranty claims activity and is recorded within Other accrued expenses and Other noncurrent liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of the related payments.
The changes in the warranty reserve are as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
23,151

Warranty expense
43,682

Warranty claims
(43,571
)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
23,262

Warranty expense
58,253

Warranty claims
(56,074
)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
25,441


Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]
Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries was $139 million and $179 million as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Europe Segment
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries in Europe was $122 million and $163 million as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We recorded equity in losses of $33 million and $65 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and equity in earnings of $6 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to our investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries in our Europe segment, mainly related to our investment in Mekonomen.
On December 1, 2016, we acquired a 26.5% equity interest in Mekonomen for an aggregate purchase price of $181 million. In October 2018, we acquired an additional $48 million of equity in Mekonomen at a discounted share price as part of its rights issue, increasing our equity interest to 26.6%. We are accounting for our interest in Mekonomen using the equity method of accounting, as our investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. As of December 31, 2019, our share of the book value of Mekonomen's net assets exceeded the book value of our investment in Mekonomen by $5 million; this difference is primarily related to Mekonomen's Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income balance as of our acquisition date in 2016. We are recording our equity in the net earnings of Mekonomen on a one quarter lag.
During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $40 million and $71 million, respectively, which represented the difference in the carrying value and the fair value of our investment in Mekonomen. The fair value of our investment in Mekonomen was determined using the Mekonomen share prices as of the dates of our impairment tests. The impairment charges are recorded in Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
In May 2018, we received a cash dividend of $8 million (SEK 67 million) related to our investment in Mekonomen. Mekonomen announced in February 2019 that the Mekonomen Board of Directors proposed no dividend payment in 2019. The Level 1 fair value of our equity investment in the publicly traded Mekonomen common stock at December 31, 2019 was $149 million (using the Mekonomen share price of SEK 93 as of December 31, 2019) compared to a carrying value of $111 million.
In 2018, we participated in a rights issue with preferential rights for Mekonomen's existing shareholders, who were given the right to subscribe for four new Mekonomen shares per seven existing owned shares at a discounted share price. The rights issue represented a derivative instrument related to our right to acquire Mekonomen shares at a discount. We measured the derivative instrument at fair value, and we recorded a derivative loss of $5 million in Interest income and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income in October 2018 upon the settlement of the derivative instrument.
North America Segment
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries in the North America segment was $18 million and $16 million as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The equity in earnings for the North America equity investments was
$1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and an immaterial amount for the year ended December 31, 2018; we did not have any equity in earnings in the North America segment in 2017.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major additions and improvements that extend the useful life of the related asset are capitalized. As property, plant and equipment are sold or retired, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss thereon is recognized. Construction in progress consists primarily of building and land improvements at our existing facilities. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the term of the related lease and reasonably assured renewal periods, if shorter.
Our estimated useful lives are as follows:
Land improvements
10-20 years
Buildings and improvements
20-40 years
Machinery and equipment
3-20 years
Computer equipment and software
3-10 years
Vehicles and trailers
3-10 years
Furniture and fixtures
5-7 years

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Land and improvements
$
194,437

 
$
177,998

Buildings and improvements
384,918

 
351,733

Machinery and equipment
679,292

 
617,424

Computer equipment and software
153,900

 
143,547

Vehicles and trailers
156,334

 
150,824

Furniture and fixtures
52,601

 
58,919

Leasehold improvements
295,534

 
278,687

Finance lease assets
71,724

 
61,310

 
1,988,740

 
1,840,442

Less—Accumulated depreciation
(807,680
)
 
(685,751
)
Construction in progress
53,340

 
65,471

Total property, plant and equipment, net
$
1,234,400

 
$
1,220,162


We record depreciation expense associated with our refurbishing, remanufacturing, manufacturing and furnace operations as well as our distribution centers in Cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We report depreciation expense resulting from restructuring programs in Restructuring and acquisition related expenses. All other depreciation expense is reported in Depreciation and amortization. Total depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $174 million, $157 million, and $129 million, respectively.
Schedule Of Inventory
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Aftermarket and refurbished products
$
2,297,895

 
$
2,309,458

Salvage and remanufactured products
447,908

 
503,199

Manufactured products
26,974

 
23,418

Total inventories
$
2,772,777

 
$
2,836,075


Schedule Of Estimated Useful Lives
Our estimated useful lives are as follows:
Land improvements
10-20 years
Buildings and improvements
20-40 years
Machinery and equipment
3-20 years
Computer equipment and software
3-10 years
Vehicles and trailers
3-10 years
Furniture and fixtures
5-7 years

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Land and improvements
$
194,437

 
$
177,998

Buildings and improvements
384,918

 
351,733

Machinery and equipment
679,292

 
617,424

Computer equipment and software
153,900

 
143,547

Vehicles and trailers
156,334

 
150,824

Furniture and fixtures
52,601

 
58,919

Leasehold improvements
295,534

 
278,687

Finance lease assets
71,724

 
61,310

 
1,988,740

 
1,840,442

Less—Accumulated depreciation
(807,680
)
 
(685,751
)
Construction in progress
53,340

 
65,471

Total property, plant and equipment, net
$
1,234,400

 
$
1,220,162


Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of goodwill (the cost of purchased businesses in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired) and other specifically identifiable intangible assets, such as trade names, trademarks, customer and supplier relationships, software and other technology related assets, and covenants not to compete.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, and we performed annual impairment tests during the fourth quarters of 2019, 2018 and 2017. Goodwill impairment testing may also be performed on an interim basis when events or circumstances arise that may lead to impairment. The fair value estimates of our reporting units are established using weightings of the results of a discounted cash flow methodology and a comparative market multiples approach.
Based on the annual goodwill impairment test in 2019, we determined no impairment existed as all of our reporting units had a fair value estimate which exceeded the carrying value by at least 25%.
Based on our annual goodwill impairment test in 2018, we determined the carrying value of our Aviation reporting unit exceeded the fair value estimate by more than the carrying value, thus we recorded an impairment charge of $33 million, which represented the total carrying value of goodwill in our Aviation reporting unit (subsequently sold in the third quarter of 2019). The impairment charge was due to a decrease in the fair value estimate from the prior year fair value estimate, primarily driven by a significant deterioration in the outlook for the Aviation reporting unit due to competition, customer financial issues and changing market conditions for the airplane platforms that the business services, which lowered our projected gross margin and related future cash flows. We reported the impairment charge in Impairment of net assets held for sale and goodwill in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment are as follows (in thousands):
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Specialty
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
1,709,354

 
$
1,414,898

 
$
412,259

 
$
3,536,511

Business acquisitions and adjustments to previously recorded goodwill
6,805

 
970,923

 
(4,838
)
 
972,890

Impairment of goodwill
(33,244
)
 

 

 
(33,244
)
Exchange rate effects
(9,383
)
 
(85,532
)
 
216

 
(94,699
)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
1,673,532

 
$
2,300,289

 
$
407,637

 
$
4,381,458

Business acquisitions and adjustments to previously recorded goodwill
38,913

 
15,099

 

 
54,012

Reclassified to net assets held for sale and discontinued operations

 
(4,721
)
 

 
(4,721
)
Disposal of business

 
(1,919
)
 

 
(1,919
)
Exchange rate effects
5,599

 
(27,847
)
 
(47
)
 
(22,295
)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
1,718,044

 
$
2,280,901

 
$
407,590

 
$
4,406,535

Accumulated impairment losses as of December 31, 2019
$
(33,244
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(33,244
)

Schedule of Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles [Table Text Block]
The components of other intangibles, net are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Intangible assets subject to amortization
$
769,038

 
$
847,452

Indefinite-lived intangible assets
 
 
 
Trademarks
81,300

 
81,300

Total
$
850,338

 
$
928,752


Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives, Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]
Our estimated useful lives for our finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
 
Method of Amortization
 
Useful Life
Trade names and trademarks
Straight-line
 
4-30 years
Customer and supplier relationships
Accelerated
 
3-20 years
Software and other technology related assets
Straight-line
 
3-15 years
Covenants not to compete
Straight-line
 
2-5 years

Components Of Other Intangibles
The components of intangible assets subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Trade names and trademarks
$
488,945

 
$
(119,957
)
 
$
368,988

 
$
496,166

 
$
(94,451
)
 
$
401,715

Customer and supplier relationships
580,052

 
(321,650
)
 
258,402

 
593,517

 
(247,464
)
 
346,053

Software and other technology related assets
248,941

 
(108,979
)
 
139,962

 
176,118

 
(79,283
)
 
96,835

Covenants not to compete
13,435

 
(11,749
)
 
1,686

 
13,344

 
(10,495
)
 
2,849

Total
$
1,331,373

 
$
(562,335
)
 
$
769,038

 
$
1,279,145

 
$
(431,693
)
 
$
847,452


Schedule of Product Warranty Liability [Table Text Block]
The changes in the warranty reserve are as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
23,151

Warranty expense
43,682

Warranty claims
(43,571
)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
23,262

Warranty expense
58,253

Warranty claims
(56,074
)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
25,441


Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination [Table Text Block]
The components of intangible assets acquired as part of our acquisitions in 2018 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ended
 
December 31, 2018
 
Stahlgruber
 
Other Acquisitions (1)
 
Total
Trade names and trademarks
$
173,946

 
$
8,870

 
$
182,816

Customer and supplier relationships
77,980

 
20,779

 
98,759

Software and other technology related assets
33,329

 
376

 
33,705

Covenants not to compete

 

 

Total
$
285,255

 
$
30,025

 
$
315,280


Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life [Table Text Block]
The weighted-average amortization periods for our intangible assets acquired during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (in years):
 
Year Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Stahlgruber
 
Other Acquisitions
 
Total
 
All Acquisitions
Trade names and trademarks
18.0

 
10.0

 
17.6

 
11.2
Customer and supplier relationships
3.0

 
7.9

 
4.0

 
18.6
Software and other technology related assets
5.2

 
6.5

 
5.2

 
11.1
Covenants not to compete

 

 

 
4.4
Total acquired finite-lived intangible assets
12.4

 
8.5

 
12.0

 
16.5

Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of goodwill (the cost of purchased businesses in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired) and other specifically identifiable intangible assets, such as trade names, trademarks, customer and supplier relationships, software and other technology related assets, and covenants not to compete.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, and we performed annual impairment tests during the fourth quarters of 2019, 2018 and 2017. Goodwill impairment testing may also be performed on an interim basis when events or circumstances arise that may lead to impairment. The fair value estimates of our reporting units are established using weightings of the results of a discounted cash flow methodology and a comparative market multiples approach.
Based on the annual goodwill impairment test in 2019, we determined no impairment existed as all of our reporting units had a fair value estimate which exceeded the carrying value by at least 25%.
Based on our annual goodwill impairment test in 2018, we determined the carrying value of our Aviation reporting unit exceeded the fair value estimate by more than the carrying value, thus we recorded an impairment charge of $33 million, which represented the total carrying value of goodwill in our Aviation reporting unit (subsequently sold in the third quarter of 2019). The impairment charge was due to a decrease in the fair value estimate from the prior year fair value estimate, primarily driven by a significant deterioration in the outlook for the Aviation reporting unit due to competition, customer financial issues and changing market conditions for the airplane platforms that the business services, which lowered our projected gross margin and related future cash flows. We reported the impairment charge in Impairment of net assets held for sale and goodwill in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment are as follows (in thousands):
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Specialty
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
1,709,354

 
$
1,414,898

 
$
412,259

 
$
3,536,511

Business acquisitions and adjustments to previously recorded goodwill
6,805

 
970,923

 
(4,838
)
 
972,890

Impairment of goodwill
(33,244
)
 

 

 
(33,244
)
Exchange rate effects
(9,383
)
 
(85,532
)
 
216

 
(94,699
)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
1,673,532

 
$
2,300,289

 
$
407,637

 
$
4,381,458

Business acquisitions and adjustments to previously recorded goodwill
38,913

 
15,099

 

 
54,012

Reclassified to net assets held for sale and discontinued operations

 
(4,721
)
 

 
(4,721
)
Disposal of business

 
(1,919
)
 

 
(1,919
)
Exchange rate effects
5,599

 
(27,847
)
 
(47
)
 
(22,295
)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
1,718,044

 
$
2,280,901

 
$
407,590

 
$
4,406,535

Accumulated impairment losses as of December 31, 2019
$
(33,244
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(33,244
)

The components of other intangibles, net are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Intangible assets subject to amortization
$
769,038

 
$
847,452

Indefinite-lived intangible assets
 
 
 
Trademarks
81,300

 
81,300

Total
$
850,338

 
$
928,752



The components of intangible assets subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Trade names and trademarks
$
488,945

 
$
(119,957
)
 
$
368,988

 
$
496,166

 
$
(94,451
)
 
$
401,715

Customer and supplier relationships
580,052

 
(321,650
)
 
258,402

 
593,517

 
(247,464
)
 
346,053

Software and other technology related assets
248,941

 
(108,979
)
 
139,962

 
176,118

 
(79,283
)
 
96,835

Covenants not to compete
13,435

 
(11,749
)
 
1,686

 
13,344

 
(10,495
)
 
2,849

Total
$
1,331,373

 
$
(562,335
)
 
$
769,038

 
$
1,279,145

 
$
(431,693
)
 
$
847,452


The components of intangible assets acquired as part of our acquisitions in 2018 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ended
 
December 31, 2018
 
Stahlgruber
 
Other Acquisitions (1)
 
Total
Trade names and trademarks
$
173,946

 
$
8,870

 
$
182,816

Customer and supplier relationships
77,980

 
20,779

 
98,759

Software and other technology related assets
33,329

 
376

 
33,705

Covenants not to compete

 

 

Total
$
285,255

 
$
30,025

 
$
315,280


(1) The amounts recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018 exclude amounts related to our 2017 acquisitions, including a $5 million adjustment to increase other intangibles related to our 2017 acquisition of Warn.
The weighted-average amortization periods for our intangible assets acquired during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (in years):
 
Year Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Stahlgruber
 
Other Acquisitions
 
Total
 
All Acquisitions
Trade names and trademarks
18.0

 
10.0

 
17.6

 
11.2
Customer and supplier relationships
3.0

 
7.9

 
4.0

 
18.6
Software and other technology related assets
5.2

 
6.5

 
5.2

 
11.1
Covenants not to compete

 

 

 
4.4
Total acquired finite-lived intangible assets
12.4

 
8.5

 
12.0

 
16.5

Our estimated useful lives for our finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
 
Method of Amortization
 
Useful Life
Trade names and trademarks
Straight-line
 
4-30 years
Customer and supplier relationships
Accelerated
 
3-20 years
Software and other technology related assets
Straight-line
 
3-15 years
Covenants not to compete
Straight-line
 
2-5 years

Amortization expense for intangibles was $140 million, $137 million, and $102 million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for each of the five years in the period ending December 31, 2024 is $120 million, $93 million, $80 million, $70 million and $64 million, respectively.