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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________
FO RM 10-Q
________________________________________________

(Mark One)
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission File N umber 001-33642
________________________________________________
MASIMO CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
________________________________________________

Delaware |  |  |  |  |  | 33-0368882
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  |  |  |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
52 Discovery |  | Irvine, |  | California |  |  |  |  |  | 92618
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  |  |  |  |  | (Zip Code)
|  |  |  |  |  | (949) |  | 297-7000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |  |
Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value |  | MASI |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. |  | Yes |  | ☒ | No |  | ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). |  | Yes |  | ☒ | No |  | ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accelerated filer |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) |  | Yes |  | ☐ | No |  | ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: |  |
Class |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Number of Shares Outstanding as of July 1, 2023
Common stock, $0.001 par value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52,818,076

Table of Contents
MASIMO CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JULY 1, 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. Financial Information
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited): |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the thre e and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 | 8
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 45
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 56
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 57
PART II. Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 58
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 58
Item 5. | Other Information | 93
Item 6. | Exhibits | 94
Signatures | 96

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in millions, except par values)

| July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150.7 |  |  | $ | 202.9 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $11.8 million and $7.7 million at July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 348.8 |  |  | 445.9 |
Inventories | 542.6 |  |  | 501.0 |
Other current assets | 166.1 |  |  | 158.8 |
Total current assets | 1,208.2 |  |  | 1,308.6 |
Lease receivable, non-current | 77.5 |  |  | 73.1 |
Deferred costs and other contract assets | 42.3 |  |  | 41.9 |
Property and equipment, net | 410.0 |  |  | 402.5 |
Customer relationships, net - (Note 9) | 182.0 |  |  | 201.6 |
Acquired technologies, net - (Note 9) | 144.3 |  |  | 160.1 |
Other intangible assets, net | 100.2 |  |  | 98.9 |
Trademarks - (Note 9) | 239.2 |  |  | 262.0 |
Goodwill | 410.9 |  |  | 445.4 |
Deferred tax assets | 88.4 |  |  | 102.5 |
Other non-current assets | 108.2 |  |  | 114.0 |
Total assets | $ | 3,011.2 |  |  | $ | 3,210.6 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 265.5 |  |  | $ | 276.8 |
Accrued compensation | 50.2 |  |  | 89.3 |
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities, current | 73.7 |  |  | 80.6 |
Other current liabilities | 182.5 |  |  | 183.3 |
Total current liabilities | 571.9 |  |  | 630.0 |
Long-term debt | 888.8 |  |  | 941.6 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 118.9 |  |  | 163.6 |
Other non-current liabilities | 123.3 |  |  | 136.5 |
Total liabilities | 1,702.9 |  |  | 1,871.7 |
Commitments and contingencies - (Note 24) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5.0 million shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100.0 million shares authorized; 52.8 million and 52.5 million shares issued and outstanding at July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Treasury stock, 19.5 million and 19.5 million shares at July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | (1,169.2) |  |  | (1,169.2) |
Additional paid-in capital | 773.7 |  |  | 782.2 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (47.6) |  |  | 11.5 |
Retained earnings | 1,751.3 |  |  | 1,714.3 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,308.3 |  |  | 1,338.9 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 3,011.2 |  |  | $ | 3,210.6 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in millions, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Revenue | $ | 455.3 |  |  | $ | 565.3 |  |  | $ | 1,020.3 |  |  | $ | 869.5 |
Cost of goods sold | 234.1 |  |  | 307.1 |  |  | 514.3 |  |  | 406.6 |
Gross profit | 221.2 |  |  | 258.2 |  |  | 506.0 |  |  | 462.9 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 151.7 |  |  | 188.3 |  |  | 348.0 |  |  | 297.2 |
Research and development | 40.2 |  |  | 47.8 |  |  | 90.7 |  |  | 83.9 |
Total operating expenses | 191.9 |  |  | 236.1 |  |  | 438.7 |  |  | 381.1 |
Operating income | 29.3 |  |  | 22.1 |  |  | 67.3 |  |  | 81.8 |
Non-operating (loss) income | (4.5) |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | (16.3) |  |  | 3.9 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 24.8 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 51.0 |  |  | 85.7 |
Provision for income taxes | 9.1 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 21.0 |
Net income | $ | 15.7 |  |  | $ | 18.1 |  |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | $ | 64.7 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |
Diluted | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |
Weighted-average shares used in per share calculations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 52.8 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | 52.7 |  |  | 54.7 |
Diluted | 54.4 |  |  | 55.3 |  |  | 54.3 |  |  | 56.4 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(unaudited, in millions)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Net income | $ | 15.7 |  |  | $ | 18.1 |  |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | $ | 64.7 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized losses from foreign currency translation adjustments | (34.6) |  |  | (14.0) |  |  | (57.4) |  |  | (16.9) |
Change in pension benefits | (0.8) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (3.0) |  |  | (0.7) |
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges | 5.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (14.1) |  |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  | $ | (22.1) |  |  | $ | 47.1 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents

MASIMO CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in millions)
| Three and Six Months Ended July 1, 2023
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 52.5 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | $ | (1,169.2) |  |  | $ | 782.2 |  |  | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | 1,714.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,338.9 |
Stock options exercised | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 4.3 |
Restricted/Performance stock units vested | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Shares paid for tax withholding | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (12.2) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 7.3 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21.3 |  |  |  |  | 21.3 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22.8) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (22.8) |
Change in pension benefits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.2) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2.2) |
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.3) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4.3) |
Balance at April 1, 2023 | 52.8 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | (1,169.2) |  |  | 781.6 |  |  | (17.8) |  |  | 1,735.6 |  |  |  |  | 1,330.3 |
Stock options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |
Shares paid for tax withholding | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.4) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8.6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (8.6) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15.7 |  |  |  |  | 15.7 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34.6) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (34.6) |
Change in pension benefits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.8) |
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5.6 |
Balance at July 1, 2023 | 52.8 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | $ | (1,169.2) |  |  | $ | 773.7 |  |  | $ | (47.6) |  |  | $ | 1,751.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,308.3 |

6

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| Three and Six Months Ended July 2, 2022
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at January 1, 2022 | 55.3 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | 16.5 |  |  | $ | (767.7) |  |  | $ | 752.5 |  |  | $ | (5.5) |  |  | $ | 1,570.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,550.3 |
Stock options exercised | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2.7 |
Restricted/Performance stock units vested | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Shares paid for tax withholding | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (25.4) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 10.9 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46.6 |  |  |  |  | 46.6 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2.9) |
Balance at April 2, 2022 | 55.5 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 16.5 |  |  | (767.7) |  |  | 740.7 |  |  | (8.4) |  |  | 1,617.5 |  |  |  |  | 1,582.2 |
Stock options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 17.3 |
Repurchases of common stock | (3.0) |  |  | — |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | (401.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (401.4) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18.1 |  |  |  |  | 18.1 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14.0) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (14.0) |
Unrealized loss on pension plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |
Balance at July 2, 2022 | 52.5 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | $ | (1,169.1) |  |  | $ | 759.2 |  |  | $ | (23.1) |  |  | $ | 1,635.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,202.7 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in millions)

|  | Six Months Ended |  |  |
|  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  |  |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | $ | 64.7 |  |  |  |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 51.3 |  |  | 79.9 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation (benefit) expense |  | (1.3) |  |  | 28.2 |  |  |  |
Gain on disposal of equipment, intangibles and other assets |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |
Amortization of debt issuance cost |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable |  | 95.9 |  |  | (44.7) |  |  |  |
Increase in inventories |  | (45.5) |  |  | (67.8) |  |  |  |
Increase in other current assets |  | (8.8) |  |  | (8.2) |  |  |  |
Increase in lease receivable, net |  | (4.4) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  |  |
Increase in deferred costs and other contract assets |  | (0.4) |  |  | (21.6) |  |  |  |
Increase in other non-current assets |  | (24.4) |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable |  | (11.8) |  |  | 40.4 |  |  |  |
Decrease in accrued compensation |  | (39.0) |  |  | (22.6) |  |  |  |
Decrease in accrued liabilities |  | (19.7) |  |  | (7.2) |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in income tax payable |  | 5.0 |  |  | (18.5) |  |  |  |
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue and other contract-related liabilities |  | (6.8) |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  |
Decrease in other non-current liabilities |  | (4.5) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 24.0 |  |  | 25.6 |  |  |  |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment, net |  | (20.4) |  |  | (30.0) |  |  |  |
Increase in intangible assets |  | (19.9) |  |  | (10.5) |  |  |  |
Business combinations, net of cash acquired |  | 7.5 |  |  | (985.5) |  |  |  |
Other strategic investing activities |  | (0.7) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  |  |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (33.5) |  |  | (1,027.2) |  |  |  |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings under line of credit |  | 79.0 |  |  | 927.0 |  |  |  |
Repayments on line of credit |  | (112.4) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |
Debt issuance costs |  | — |  |  | (8.9) |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  | 6.0 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  |  |
Payroll tax withholdings on behalf of employees for vested equity awards |  | (12.7) |  |  | (25.4) |  |  |  |
Repurchases of common stock |  | — |  |  | (401.4) |  |  |  |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (40.1) |  |  | 495.8 |  |  |  |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash |  | (1.4) |  |  | (22.0) |  |  |  |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (51.0) |  |  | (527.8) |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  | 209.6 |  |  | 748.4 |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 158.6 |  |  | $ | 220.6 |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Description of the Company
Masimo Corporation is a global technology company that develops, manufactures and markets a wide array of patient monitoring technologies, as well as automation and connectivity solutions. The Company’s mission is to improve patient outcomes, reduce the cost of care and take noninvasive monitoring to new sites and applications. The Company operates two business segments: healthcare and non-healthcare.
The Company’s healthcare products and patient monitoring solutions generally incorporate a monitor or circuit board, proprietary single-patient use or reusable sensors, software and/or cables. The Company primarily sells its healthcare products to hospitals, emergency medical service providers, home care providers, physician offices, veterinarians, long-term care facilities and consumers through its direct sales force, distributors and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners.
On April 11, 2022, the Company acquired Viper Holdings Corporation, the parent company of DEI Sales, Inc., d/b/a Sound United (Sound United), via the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Sonic Boom Acquisition Corp (Sonic) (Sound United Acquisition). For additional information on the Company’s acquisition of Sound United, see Note 18, “Business Combinations”.
The Company’s non-healthcare consumer products and home integration technologies are primarily sold or licensed direct-to-consumers, or through authorized retailers and wholesalers.
The terms “the Company” and “Masimo” refer to Masimo Corporation and, where applicable, its consolidated subsidiaries.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements at that date. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (fiscal year 2022), filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023. The results for the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 30, 2023 (fiscal year 2023) or for any other interim period or for any future year.
Fiscal Periods
The Company follows a conventional 52/53 week fiscal year. Under a conventional 52/53 week fiscal year, a 52 week fiscal year includes four quarters of 13 weeks while a 53 week fiscal year includes three 13 week fiscal quarters and one 14 week fiscal quarter. The Company’s last 53 week fiscal year was fiscal year 2020. Fiscal year 2023 is a 52 week fiscal year ending December 30, 2023. All references to years in these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are fiscal years unless otherwise noted.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, including certain balance sheet asset accounts in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Use of Estimates
The Company prepares its financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates include the determination of standalone selling prices, variable consideration, total consideration allocated to each performance obligation within a contract, inventory valuation, valuation of the Company’s equity awards, valuation of identifiable assets and liabilities connected with business combinations, derivative instruments, deferred taxes and any associated valuation allowances, deferred revenue, accounting for pensions, uncertain income tax positions, litigation costs, and related accruals. Actual results could differ from such estimates.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires that once control is obtained, assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in the acquired entity, if applicable, are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition, with the exception of acquired contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) from contracts with customers. These are recognized and measured in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The excess of the purchase price over fair values of identifiable assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests in the acquired entity, if applicable, is recorded as goodwill.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company accounts for certain financial instruments at their fair values as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments using the framework prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, and considers the estimated amount the Company would receive or pay to transfer these instruments at the reporting date with respect to current currency exchange rates, interest rates, the creditworthiness of the counterparty for unrealized gain positions and the Company’s creditworthiness for unrealized loss positions. In certain instances, the Company may utilize financial models to measure the fair value of its financial instruments. In doing so, the Company uses inputs that include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, other observable inputs for the asset or liability and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.
Recurring Fair Value Measurement
On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value based upon quoted market prices. Where quoted market prices or other observable inputs are not available, the Company applies valuation techniques to estimate fair value. Authoritative guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value:
● Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
● Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
The following tables represent the Company’s financial assets, measured at fair value on a recurring basis at July 1, 2023:

| Total Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurement Hierarchy |  |
(in millions) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 91.3 |  |  | $ | 91.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Money market funds | 59.4 |  |  | 59.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Pension assets | 22.2 |  |  | 14.8 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | — |  |  |
Derivative instruments - cash flow hedges | 21.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 21.5 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 194.4 |  |  | $ | 165.5 |  |  | $ | 28.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
None | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |

The following tables represent the Company’s financial assets, measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022:

| Total Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurement Hierarchy
(in millions) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 148.5 |  |  | $ | 148.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Money market funds | 54.4 |  |  | 54.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension assets | 22.2 |  |  | 14.8 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | — |
Derivative instruments - cash flow hedges | 19.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | — |
Total assets | $ | 244.8 |  |  | $ | 217.7 |  |  | $ | 27.1 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
None | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The Company invests in checking, savings and money market fund accounts, which are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as they are valued using quoted market prices. These investments are classified as cash and cash equivalents within the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with GAAP and its accounting policies.
The Company’s pension assets consist of Level 1 and Level 2 investments. The fair value of Level 2 assets is based on observable inputs such as prices or quotes for similar assets, adjusted for any differences in terms or conditions that may affect the value of the instrument being valued. The valuation techniques used for Level 2 assets may include the use of models or other valuation techniques, but these methods are all based on observable market inputs.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
For certain other financial assets and liabilities, including restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate their fair value primarily due to the relatively short maturity of these balances. The Company also measures certain non-financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis, primarily goodwill, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, in connection with periodic evaluations for potential impairment.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Furthermore, the Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to specific assets or liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company did not have any transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during the six months ended July 1, 2023.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of three months or less, or highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash, to be cash equivalents. The Company carries cash and cash equivalents at cost, which approximates fair value, and they are Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded at the time of invoicing of product sales, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts and returns. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Collateral is generally not required. The Company records an allowance for credit losses that it does not expect to collect based on relevant information, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accounts are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes they are uncollectible. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Based on the risk characteristics, the Company has identified U.S. and international customers as separate portfolios for both segments, and measures expected credit losses on such receivables using an aging methodology.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates the first in, first out method, and includes material, labor and overhead costs. Inventory valuation adjustments are recorded for inventory items that have become excess or obsolete or are no longer used in current production and for inventory items that have a market price less than the carrying value in inventory. The Company generally determines inventory valuation adjustments based on an evaluation of the expected future use of its inventory on an item by item basis and applies historical obsolescence rates to estimate the loss on inventory expected to have a recovery value below cost. The Company also records other specific inventory valuation adjustments when it becomes aware of unique events or circumstances that result in an expected recovery value below cost. For inventory items that have been written down, the reduced value becomes the new cost basis.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:

| Useful Lives
Buildings and building improvements | 7 to 39 years
Computer equipment and software | 2 to 12 years
Demonstration units | 2 to 3 years
Furniture and office equipment | 2 to 15 years
Leasehold improvements | Lesser of useful life or term of lease
Machinery, equipment and tooling | 3 to 20 years
Operating lease assets | Lesser of useful life or term of lease
Transportation, vehicles and other | 1 to 20 years

Land is not depreciated and construction-in-progress is not depreciated until placed in service. Normal repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas significant improvements that materially increase values or extend useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful lives of the related assets. Upon sale or retirement of depreciable assets, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss on the sale or retirement is recognized in income.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Lessee Right-of-Use (ROU) Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an asset underlying an operating lease for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from an operating lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company generally estimates the applicable discount rate used to determine the net present value of lease payments based on available information at the lease commencement date. Many of the Company’s lessee agreements include options to extend the lease, which the Company does not include in its lease terms unless they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company utilizes a portfolio approach to account for the ROU assets and liabilities associated with certain equipment leases.
The Company has also made an accounting policy election not to separate lease and non-lease components for its real estate leases and to exclude short-term leases with a term of twelve months or less from its ROU assets and lease liabilities. Rental expense for lease payments related to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of patents, trademarks, software development costs, customer relationships and acquired technology. Costs related to patents and trademarks, which include legal and application fees, are ca pitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Patent and tradema rk amortization commences once final approval of the patent or trademark has been obtained. Patent costs are amortized over the lesser of 10 years or the patent’s remaining legal life, which assumes renewals, and trademark costs are amortized over 17 years, and their associated amortization cost is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For intangibles purchased in an asset acquisition or business combination, which mainly include patents, trademarks, customer relationships and acquired technologies, the useful life is determined largely by valuation estimates of remaining economic life.
The Company’s policy is to renew its patents and trademarks. Costs to renew patents and trademarks are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the intangible asset. The Company periodically evaluates the amortization period and carrying basis of patents and trademarks to determine whether any events or circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or reduction in value. Capitalized application costs are charged to operations when it is determined that the patent or trademark will not be obtained or is abandoned.
Intangibles purchased as part of an asset acquisition or business combination historically have included patents, trademarks, customer relationships, developed technologies and contractual licenses. In certain circumstances the Company has also acquired non-compete agreements tied to certain employment relationships. The useful life for all of these is largely determined by valuation estimates of remaining economic life. In connection with a prior acquisition, the Company acquired certain trademarks/tradenames, which are intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. These brands are expected to maintain brand value for an indefinite period of time.
Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets
Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the acquired net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. In assessing goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company has two reporting units, healthcare and non-healthcare. The Company’s qualitative assessment of the recoverability of goodwill considers various macroeconomic, industry-specific and Company-specific factors, including: (i) severe adverse industry or economic trends; (ii) significant Company-specific actions; (iii) current, historical or projected deterioration of the Company’s financial performance; or (iv) a sustained decrease in the Company’s market capitalization below its net book value. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative analysis, then the Company performs a quantitative analysis that compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired; otherwise, a goodwill impairment loss is recognized for the lesser of: (a) the amount that the carrying amount of such reporting unit exceeds its fair value; or (b) the amount of the goodwill allocated to such reporting unit. The annual impairment test is performed during the fourth fiscal quarter.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Similar to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but instead are subject to annual impairment testing, unless circumstances dictate more frequent testing, if impairment indicators exist. Impairment for indefinite-lived assets exists if the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. Determining whether impairment indicators exist and estimating the fair value of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets if necessary for impairment testing require significant judgment. Qualitative factors considered in this assessment include industry and market conditions, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors.
The Company reviews finite lived intangible assets and long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
Employee Defined Benefit Plans
The Company maintains noncontributory defined benefit plans that cover certain employees in certain international locations. The Company recognizes the funded status, or the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations of the pension plan on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. If the projected benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, the difference or underfunded status represents the pension liability. The Company records a net periodic pension cost in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The liabilities and annual income or expense are determined using methodologies that involve several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of asset return. The Company’s accounting policy includes an annual re-measurement of pension assets and obligations. In addition, the Company r e-measures pension assets and obligations for significant events, as of the nearest month-end date on the calendar. The fair values of plan assets are determined based on prevailing market prices. See Note 21, “Employee Benefits”, for further details.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Tax positions that meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are recognized in the first reporting period that it becomes more-likely-than-not such tax position will be sustained upon examination. A tax position that meets this more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is recorded at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Previously recognized income tax positions that fail to meet the recognition threshold in a subsequent period are derecognized in that period. Differences between actual results and the Company’s assumptions, or changes in the Company’s assumptions in future periods, are recorded in the period they become known. The Company records potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
As a multinational corporation, the Company is subject to complex tax laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from the Company’s estimates, which could result in the need to record additional liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded against any deferred tax assets when, in the judgment of management, it is more likely than not that all or part of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all positive and negative evidence, including recent financial performance, scheduled reversals of temporary differences, projected future taxable income, availability of taxable income in carryback periods and tax planning strategies.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Income taxes are highly susceptible to changes from period to period, requiring management to make assumptions about the Company’s future income over the lives of its deferred tax assets and the impact of changes in valuation allowances. Any difference in the assumptions, judgments and estimates mentioned above could result in changes to the Company’s results of operations.
Revenue Recognition, Deferred Revenue and Other Contract Liabilities
The Company generally recognizes revenue following a single, principles-based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers and generally provides for the recognition of revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled, net of allowances for estimated returns, discounts or sales incentives, as well as taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities, when control over the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer.
Healthcare segment
While the majority of the Company’s healthcare segment revenue contracts and transactions contain standard business terms and conditions, there are some transactions that contain non-standard business terms and conditions. As a result, contract interpretation, judgment and analysis are required to determine the appropriate accounting, including: (i) the amount of the total consideration, as well as variable consideration, (ii) whether the arrangement contains an embedded lease, and if so, whether such embedded lease is a sales-type lease or an operating lease, (iii) the identification of the distinct performance obligations contained within the arrangement, (iv) how the arrangement consideration should be allocated to each performance obligation when multiple performance obligations exist, including the determination of standalone selling price, and (v) when to recognize revenue on the performance obligations. Changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the timing of revenue recognition. Revenue from fixed lease payments related to equipment supplied under sales-type lease arrangements is recognized once control over the equipment is transferred to the customer, while revenue from fixed lease payments related to equipment supplied under operating-type lease arrangements is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and variable lease payments are recognized as they occur.
The Company derives the majority of its healthcare segment revenue from four primary sources: (i) direct sales under deferred equipment agreements with end-user hospitals where the Company provides up-front monitoring equipment at no up-front charge in exchange for a multi-year sensor purchase commitment; (ii) other direct sales of noninvasive monitoring solutions to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations and other direct customers; (iii) sales of noninvasive monitoring solutions to distributors who then typically resell to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations and other customers; and (iv) sales of integrated circuit boards to OEM customers who incorporate the Company’s embedded software technology into their multiparameter monitoring devices. Subject to customer credit considerations, the majority of such sales are made on open accounts using industry standard payment terms based on the geography within which the specific customer is located.
The Company enters into agreements to sell its monitoring solutions and services, sometimes as a part of arrangements with multiple performance obligations that include various combinations of product sales, equipment leases and services. In the case of contracts with multiple performance obligations, the authoritative guidance provides that the total consideration be allocated to each performance obligation on the basis of relative standalone selling prices. When a standalone selling price is not readily observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the product, geographies, type of customer, contractual prices pursuant to Group Purchasing Organization (GPO) contracts, the Company’s pricing and discount practices, and other market conditions.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Sales under deferred equipment agreements are generally structured such that the Company agrees to provide certain monitoring-related equipment, software, installation, training and/or warranty support at no up-front charge in exchange for the customer’s commitment to purchase sensors over the term of the agreement, which generally ranges from three years to six years. The Company allocates contract consideration under deferred equipment agreements containing fixed annual sensor purchase commitments to the underlying lease and non-lease components at contract inception. In determining whether any underlying lease components are related to a sales-type lease or an operating lease, the Company evaluates the customer’s rights and ability to control the use of the underlying equipment throughout the contract term, including any equipment substitution rights retained by the Company, as well as the Company’s expectations surrounding potential contract/lease extensions or renewals and the customer’s likelihood to exercise any purchase options. Beginning in 2022, for contracts that contain variable lease payments that are not dependent on an index or rate, the Company classifies as operating leases any lease components that would have otherwise been classified as sales-type leases that would result in a selling loss upon lease commencement. Revenue allocable to non-lease performance obligations is generally recognized as such non-lease performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue allocable to lease components under sales-type lease arrangements is generally recognized when control over the equipment is transferred to the customer. Revenue allocable to lease components under operating lease arrangements is generally recognized over the term of the operating lease. The Company generally does not expect to derive any significant value in excess of such asset’s unamortized book value from equipment underlying its operating lease arrangements after the end of the agreement.
Revenue from the sale of products to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations, other direct customers, distributors and OEM customers, is recognized by the Company when control of such products transfer to the customer based upon the terms of the contract or underlying purchase order.
Revenue related to OEM rainbow® parameter software licenses is recognized by the Company upon the OEM’s shipment of its product to its customer, as reported to the Company by the OEM.
The Company provides certain customers with various sales incentives that may take the form of discounts or rebates. The Company records estimates related to these programs as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale. In general, customers do not have a right of return for credit or refund. However, the Company allows returns under certain circumstances. At the end of each period, the Company estimates and accrues for these returns as a reduction to revenue. The Company estimates the revenue constraints related to these forms of variable consideration based on various factors, including expected purchasing volumes, prior sales and returns history, and specific contractual terms and limitations.
Non-healthcare segment
Non-healthcare segment revenue is related to hardware and embedded software that is integrated into final products that are manufactured and sold by the Company. Products and related software are accounted for as a single performance obligation and all intended functionality is available to the customer upon purchase. Non-healthcare segment revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or service to customers, which is either upon shipment or upon delivery to the customers, depending on delivery terms.
The Company offers sales incentives and has customer programs consisting primarily of discounts and market development fund programs, and records them as a contra revenue. Estimates for sales incentives are developed using the most likely amount and are included in the transaction price to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue would not result once the uncertainty is resolved. In developing its estimates, the Company also considers the susceptibility of the incentive to outside influences, the length of time until the uncertainty is resolved and the Company’s experience with similar contracts. Reductions in revenue related to discounts are allocated to products on a relative basis based on their respective standard selling price if there are undelivered products in a contract. Judgement is required to determine the timing and amount of recognition of marketing funds which the Company estimates based on past practice of providing similar funds.
Payment terms and conditions vary among the Company’s distribution channels although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 60 days of product shipment. Sales made directly to customers from the Company’s website are paid at the time of product shipment. Prior to determining payment terms for each customer, an evaluation of such customer’s credit risk is performed. Contractual allowances are an offset to accounts receivable.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Shipping and Handling Costs and Fees
All shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Charges for shipping and handling billed to customers are included as a component of revenue.
Taxes Collected From Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities
The Company’s policy is to present revenue net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.
Deferred Costs and Other Contract Assets
The costs of monitoring-related equipment provided to customers under operating lease arrangements within the Company’s deferred equipment agreements are generally deferred and amortized to cost of goods sold over the life of the underlying contracts. Some of the Company’s deferred equipment agreements also contain provisions for certain allowances to be made directly to the end-user hospital customer at the inception of the arrangement. These allowances are generally allocated to the lease and non-lease components and recognized as a reduction to revenue as the underlying performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company generally invoices its customers under deferred equipment agreements as sensors are provided to the customer. However, the Company may recognize revenue for certain non-lease performance obligations under deferred equipment agreements with fixed annual commitments at the time such performance obligations are satisfied and prior to the customer being invoiced. When this occurs, the Company records an unbilled contract receivable related to such revenue until the customer has been invoiced pursuant to the terms of the underlying deferred equipment agreement.
The incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are capitalized and deferred if the Company expects such costs to be recoverable over the life of the contract and the contract term is greater than one year. Such deferred costs generally relate to certain incentive sales commissions earned by the Company’s internal sales team in connection with the execution of deferred equipment agreements and are amortized to expense over the expected term of the underlying contract.
T he Company recognizes non-healthcare royalty revenue associated with certain prepaid license arrangements. The Company recognizes non-healthcare revenue from the prepaid license arrangements based upon sales-based royalties when a subsequent sale occurs.
Warranty
The Company generally provides a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period ranging from six months to forty-eight months, depending on the product type. In traditional sales activities, including direct and OEM sales, the Company establishes an accrued liability for the estimated warranty costs at the time of revenue recognition, with a corresponding provision to cost of goods sold. Customers may also purchase extended warranty coverage or service level upgrades separately or as part of a deferred equipment agreement. Revenue related to extended warranty coverage and service level upgrades is generally recognized over the life of the contract, which reasonably approximates the period over which such services will be provided. The related extended warranty and service level upgrade costs are expensed as incurred.
Changes in the product warranty accrual were as follows:

| Six Months Ended
(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Product warranty accrual, beginning of period | $ | 10.6 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |
Increase related to acquisition, net of reserve | — |  |  | 8.0 |
Accrual for warranties issued | 5.6 |  |  | 1.8 |
Changes in pre-existing warranties (including changes in estimates) | (5.9) |  |  | (0.4) |
Settlements made | (1.0) |  |  | (2.0) |
Product warranty accrual, end of period | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 9.9 |

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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Litigation Costs and Contingencies
The Company records a charge equal to at least the minimum estimated liability for a loss contingency or litigation settlement when both of the following conditions are met: (i) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and (ii) the range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The determination of whether a loss contingency or litigation settlement is probable or reasonably possible involves a significant amount of management judgment, as does the estimation of the range of loss given the nature of contingencies. Liabilities related to litigation settlements with multiple elements are recorded based on the fair value of each element. Legal and other litigation related expenses are recognized as the services are provided. The Company records insurance and other indemnity recoveries for litigation expenses when both of the following conditions are met: (a) the recovery is probable, and (b) collectability is reasonably assured. Insurance recoveries are only recorded to the extent the litigation costs to which they relate have been incurred and recognized in the financial statements.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s international headquarters is in Switzerland, and its functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company has many other foreign subsidiaries, and the largest transactions in foreign currency translations occur in the Japanese Yen, the British Pou nd, the Chinese Yuan a nd the European Euro.
The Company records certain revenues and expenses in foreign currencies. These revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars based on the average exchange rate for the reporting period. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses related to foreign currency assets and liabilities of a subsidiary that are denominated in the functional currency of such subsidiary are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses related to foreign currency assets and liabilities of the Company, or a subsidiary not denominated in the underlying functional currency are included as a component of non-operating (loss) income within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company addresses market risk from changes in interest rates risks through risk management programs, which include the use of derivative instruments. The Company’s exposure to a counterparty’s credit risk is generally limited to the amounts of the net obligation to the counterparty. The Company established policies to enter into contracts only with major investment-grade financial institutions to mitigate such counterparty credit risk. The Company also established a policy to further monitor the counterparty risks throughout the life of the instruments. None of the derivative instruments currently held by the Company were entered into for speculative trading purposes.
All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are classified as short-term or long-term based on the tenor of the instrument. The Company has elected not to separate a derivative instrument into current and long-term portions. A derivative instrument whose fair value is a net liability is classified as current in total. A derivative instrument whose fair value is a net asset and whose current portion is an asset is classified as non-current in total. For a derivative instrument that meets the criteria to qualify for hedge accounting, the Company marks the fair value of the derivative instrument to market periodically through other comprehensive (loss) income. When the hedged items are recorded to income (expense), the associated deferred gains (losses) of the derivatives in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income will be reclassified into earnings. Any fluctuation in the fair value of a derivative instrument that does not meet the criteria for hedge accounting, is recorded to earnings (expense) in the period it occurs.
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Comprehensive (loss) income includes foreign currency translation adjustments, changes to pension benefits, unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and any related tax benefits (expenses) that have been excluded from net income and reflected in stockholders’ equity.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Net Income Per Share
A computation of basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions, except per share amounts) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Net income | $ | 15.7 |  |  | $ | 18.1 |  |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | $ | 64.7 |
Basic net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic | 52.8 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | 52.7 |  |  | 54.7 |
Net income per basic share | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |
Diluted net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic | 52.8 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | 52.7 |  |  | 54.7 |
Diluted share equivalents: stock options, RSUs and PSUs | 1.6 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1.7 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted | 54.4 |  |  | 55.3 |  |  | 54.3 |  |  | 56.4 |
Net income per diluted share | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares and potential shares outstanding during the period, if the effect of potential shares is dilutive. Potential shares include incremental shares of stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and the vesting of both restricted share units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs). For each of the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, weighted options to purchase 0.7 million shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because the effect of including such shares would have been antidilutive in the applicable period. For the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, weighted options to purchase 0.7 million and 1.8 million shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because the effect of including such shares would have been antidilutive in the applicable period. Certain RSUs are considered contingently issuable shares as their vesting is contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events. Since such events had not occurred and were not considered probable of occurring as of each of July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, 2.7 million weighted-average shares related to such RSUs have been excluded from the calculation of potential shares for the three and six month periods then ended.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information includes the following:

| Six Months Ended
(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |
Interest expense | $ | 23.3 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |
Income taxes | 24.0 |  |  | 39.7 |
Operating lease liabilities | 10.6 |  |  | 4.2 |
Non-cash operating activities: |  |  |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 8.1 |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |
Unpaid purchases of property and equipment | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |
Unpaid strategic investments | 0.9 |  |  | — |
Unpaid purchase consideration to be settled upon net working capital finalization | — |  |  | 21.0 |
Non-cash financing activities: |  |  |
Unsettled common stock proceeds from option exercises | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150.7 |  |  | $ | 218.0 |
Restricted cash | 7.9 |  |  | 2.6 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | 158.6 |  |  | $ | 220.6 |

Recently Adopted and Recently Announced Accounting Pronouncements
There have been no material changes to the accounting policies discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023. There are no recently announced, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact to the Company as of July 1, 2023.
3. Related Party Transactions
The Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is also the Chairman and CEO of Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor). The Company is a party to the following agreements with Cercacor:
•Cross-Licensing Agreement - The Company and Cercacor are parties to a cross-licensing agreement (Cross-Licensing Agreement), which governs each party’s rights to certain intellectual property held by the two companies. The Company is subject to certain annual minimum aggregate royalty obligations for use of the rainbow® licensed technology. The current annual minimum royalty obligation is $5.0 million. Aggregate liabilities payable to Cercacor arising under the Cross-Licensing Agreement were $4.3 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively. Aggregate liabilities payable to Cercacor arising under the Cross-Licensing Agreement were $9.9 million and $8.5 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
•Administrative Services Agreement - The Company is a party to an administrative services agreement with Cercacor (G&A Services Agreement), which governs certain general and administrative services that the Company provides to Cercacor. Amounts charged by the Company pursuant to the G&A Services Agreement were $0.1 million for each of the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022. Amounts charged by the Company pursuant to the G&A Services Agreement were $0.2 million for each of the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.
•Lease Agreement - Effective December 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Cercacor for approximately 34,000 square feet of office, research and development space at one of the Company’s owned facilities in Irvine (Cercacor Lease). The term of the Cercacor Lease expires on December 31, 2024. The Company recognized approximately $0.3 million of lease income for each of the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022. The Company recognized approximately $0.6 million of lease income for each of the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.
Net amounts due to Cercacor at July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were approximately $4.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
The Company’s CEO is also the Chairman of the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare (Masimo Foundation), a non-profit organization that was founded in 2010 to provide a platform for encouraging ethics, innovation, and competition in healthcare. In addition, the Company’s Executive Vice President (EVP), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) serves as the Treasurer of the Masimo Foundation and the Company’s EVP, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary serves as the Secretary for the Masimo Foundation. During each of the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company made no cash contributions to the Masimo Foundation. During each of the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company made cash contributions of approximately $1.0 million to the Masimo Foundation. During the three months and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company made various in-kind contributions to the Masimo Foundation, mainly in the form of donated administrative services.
The Company’s CEO is also a co-founder and a member of the board of directors of Like Minded Media Ventures (LMMV), a team of storytellers that create content focused in the areas of true stories, social causes and science. LMMV creates stories with a multi-platform strategy, bridging the gap between film, television, digital and social media. The Company entered into a marketing service agreement with LMMV for audiovisual production services promoting brand awareness, including television commercials and digital advertising, during the second quarter of 2020. During the three months ended July 1, 2023, the Company incurred $0.3 million in marketing expenses to LMMV under the marketing service agreement. During the three months ended July 2, 2022, the Company incurred no marketing expenses to LMMV under the marketing service agreement. During the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company incurred $0.9 million and $0.6 million in marketing expenses to LMMV under the marketing service agreement, respectively. At each of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was no amount due to LMMV for services rendered.
The Company entered into a software license and professional services agreement with Like Minded Labs (LML), a subsidiary of LMMV, during the second quarter of 2021. Pursuant to the software license agreement, LML granted the Company a perpetual, non-exclusive and fully paid-up right and license to integrate LML’s software into the Company’s products in exchange for a $3.0 million one-time license fee. Pursuant to the professional services agreement, LML will provide professional services to the Company, including the development of custom software intended to support the integration of the licensed software into the Company’s products, as well as future support services upon the Company’s acceptance of deliverables.
In July 2021, the Company entered into a patent purchase and option agreement with Vantrix Corporation (Vantrix), an acquiree of LML, for certain patents for $0.5 million, and the right to purchase two pools of additional patents from Vantrix for an exercise fee of up to $1.1 million. The agreements with LML and Vantrix include sublicensing provisions whereby the software and patents are licensed back to LML or Vantrix, respectively, for further advancement of the technologies.
The Company maintains an aircraft time share agreement, pursuant to which the Company has agreed from time to time to make its aircraft available to the Company’s CEO for lease on a time-sharing basis. The Company charges the Company’s CEO for personal use based on agreed upon reimbursement rates. For each of the three months and six months ended July 1, 2023, the Company charged the Company’s CEO less than $0.1 million pursuant to this agreement. For the three months and six months ended July 2, 2022, the Company’s CEO did not incur charges pursuant to this agreement.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
4. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials | $ | 249.7 |  |  | $ | 209.9 |
Work-in-process | 29.1 |  |  | 30.4 |
Finished goods | 263.8 |  |  | 260.7 |
Total inventories | $ | 542.6 |  |  | $ | 501.0 |

5. Other Current Assets
Other current assets consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses | $ | 67.7 |  |  | $ | 60.7 |
Prepaid income taxes | 24.6 |  |  | 29.2 |
Lease receivable, current | 30.3 |  |  | 28.5 |
Indirect taxes receivable | 24.9 |  |  | 26.8 |
Prepaid rebates and royalties, current | 4.9 |  |  | 3.7 |
Contract assets, current | 4.8 |  |  | 3.9 |
Restricted cash(1) | 2.4 |  |  | 2.4 |
Other current assets | 6.5 |  |  | 3.6 |
Total other current assets | $ | 166.1 |  |  | $ | 158.8 |

______________
(1) Restricted cash includes funds received from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. As the Company incurs costs associated with research and development related to this project, on a quarterly basis, the Company reclasses amounts from the grant to offset costs incurred.
6. Lease Receivable
For deferred equipment agreements that contain embedded operating leases, upon lease commencement, the Company defers and records the equipment cost of operating lease assets within property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation. These operating lease assets are subsequently amortized to cost of goods sold over the lease term on a straight-line basis.
For deferred equipment agreements that contain embedded sales-type leases, the Company recognizes lease revenue and costs, as well as a lease receivable, at the time the lease commences. Lease revenue related to both operating-type and sales-type leases are included within revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, lease revenue was approximately $12.0 million and $11.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, lease revenue was approximately $32.0 million and $24.0 million, respectively. Costs related to embedded leases within the Company’s deferred equipment agreements are included in cost of goods sold in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Lease receivable from sales-type leases consists of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  |
Lease receivable | $ | 108.1 |  |  | $ | 101.8 |  |  |
Allowance for credit loss | (0.3) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  |
Lease receivable, net | 107.8 |  |  | 101.6 |  |  |
Less: current portion of lease receivable | (30.3) |  |  | (28.5) |  |  |
Lease receivable, non-current | $ | 77.5 |  |  | $ | 73.1 |  |  |

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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
As of July 1, 2023, estimated future maturities of customer sales-type lease receivables and operating lease payments for each of the following fiscal years are as follows:

| Future Lease Receivables/Payments (in millions)
Fiscal year | Sales-Type Leases |  | Operating Leases
2023 (balance of year) | $ | 15.5 |  |  | $ | 4.4 |
2024 | 28.8 |  |  | 7.5 |
2025 | 23.5 |  |  | 6.5 |
2026 | 17.3 |  |  | 5.9 |
2027 | 11.6 |  |  | 4.5 |
Thereafter | 11.1 |  |  | 5.7 |
Total | $ | 107.8 |  |  | $ | 34.5 |
Less: imputed interest(1) | — |  |  |
Present value of total lease payments | $ | 107.8 |  |  |

______________
(1) The calculation of the rates implicit in the leases resulted in negative discount rates. Therefore, the Company as a lessor used a 0% discount rate to measure the net investment in the lease.
7. Deferred Costs and Other Contract Assets
Deferred costs and other contract assets consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Deferred commissions | $ | 18.2 |  |  | $ | 17.1 |
Prepaid contract allowances | 12.7 |  |  | 13.7 |
Unbilled contract receivables | 9.9 |  |  | 9.4 |
Deferred equipment agreements, net | 1.5 |  |  | 1.7 |
Deferred costs and other contract assets | $ | 42.3 |  |  | $ | 41.9 |

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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
8. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |
Machinery, equipment and tooling | $ | 157.5 |  |  | $ | 149.4 |  |
Building and building improvements | 150.5 |  |  | 151.0 |  |
Land | 65.9 |  |  | 65.1 |  |
Operating lease assets | 63.9 |  |  | 50.2 |  |
Computer equipment and software | 44.3 |  |  | 42.1 |  |
Leasehold improvements | 34.1 |  |  | 32.3 |  |
Transportation, vehicles and other | 33.3 |  |  | 32.7 |  |
Furniture and office equipment | 20.6 |  |  | 19.4 |  |
Demonstration units | 10.5 |  |  | 11.2 |  |
Construction-in-progress (CIP) | 59.4 |  |  | 50.6 |  |
Total property and equipment | 640.0 |  |  | 604.0 |  |
Accumulated depreciation | (230.0) |  |  | (201.5) |  |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 410.0 |  |  | $ | 402.5 |  |

For the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, depreciation expense of property and equipment was $10.7 million and $12.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, depreciation expense of property and equipment was $22.6 million and $18.5 million, respectively.
For the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, depreciation expense of operating lease assets was $4.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively. For the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, depreciation expense of operating lease assets was $7.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
The balance in CIP at July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022 related primarily to the capitalized implementation costs related to a new enterprise resource planning software system, costs related to facility improvements and the expansion of certain manufacturing facilities and equipment at the Company’s corporate headquarters, as well as costs associated with a new research and development facility, the underlying assets for which have not been completed or placed into service.
On February 14, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Masimo Canada ULC, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (Purchase Agreement) with Ke ltic (Prior) Development Limited Partnership (Vendor) for the purchase of a property in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada for a purchase price of CAD 123.0 million, plus GST (Purchase Price), subject to certain adjustments. The Company paid CAD 21.0 million as a deposit towards the purchase during the year ended December 31, 2022. The balance of the Purchase Price will be due and payable upon the closing of the transaction, which is currently expected to occur during the second half of 2024.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
9. Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net, consist of the following:

| July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(in millions) | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | $ | 207.4 |  |  | $ | (25.4) |  |  | $ | 182.0 |  |  | $ | 220.9 |  |  | $ | (19.3) |  |  | $ | 201.6 |
Acquired technologies | 179.8 |  |  | (35.5) |  |  | 144.3 |  |  | 185.3 |  |  | (25.2) |  |  | 160.1 |
Licenses | 38.8 |  |  | (5.9) |  |  | 32.9 |  |  | 39.0 |  |  | (4.4) |  |  | 34.6 |
Patents | 37.0 |  |  | (14.2) |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | 35.2 |  |  | (13.9) |  |  | 21.3 |
Capitalized software development costs | 30.4 |  |  | (5.3) |  |  | 25.1 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | 2.6 |
Trademarks | 20.0 |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 39.3 |  |  | (5.8) |  |  | 33.5 |
Licenses-related party | 7.5 |  |  | (6.5) |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | (6.3) |  |  | 1.2 |
Non-compete agreements | 6.3 |  |  | (1.8) |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 5.2 |
Other | 1.6 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 0.5 |
Total intangible assets subject to amortization, net | $ | 528.8 |  |  | $ | (102.3) |  |  | $ | 426.5 |  |  | $ | 540.6 |  |  | $ | (80.0) |  |  | $ | 460.6 |
Intangible assets not subject to amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  |  |  |  | 239.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 262.0 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  |  |  | $ | 665.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 722.6 |

Finite lived intangible assets have a weighted-average amortization period ranging from twelve years to fourteen years. Total amortization expense for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $14.4 million and $58.9 million, respectively. Total amortization expense for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $28.7 million and $61.4 million, respectively.
Total renewal costs for patents and trademarks for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 were $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Total renewal costs for patents and trademarks for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 were $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of July 1, 2023, the weighted-average number of years until the next renewal was two years for patents and six years for trademarks.
Estimated amortization expense for each of the next fiscal years is as follows:

Fiscal year | Amount (in millions)
2023 (balance of year) | $ | 24.9 |
2024 | 47.0 |
2025 | 45.9 |
2026 | 44.3 |
2027 | 43.6 |
Thereafter | 220.8 |
Total | $ | 426.5 |

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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
10. Goodwill
Changes in goodwill were as follows:

| Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 |  |
(in millions) | Healthcare |  | Non-healthcare |  | Total |  |
Goodwill, beginning of period | $ | 97.6 |  |  | $ | 347.8 |  |  | $ | 445.4 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 0.3 |  |  | (34.8) |  |  | (34.5) |  |  |
Goodwill, end of period | $ | 97.9 |  |  | $ | 313.0 |  |  | $ | 410.9 |  |  |

11. Lessee ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company leases certain facilities in North and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific regions under operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through January 2032. In addition, the Company leases equipment in the U.S. and Europe pursuant to leases that are classified as operating leases and expire at various dates through April 2028. The majority of these leases are non-cancellable and generally do not contain any material restrictive covenants, material residual value guarantees, or other material guarantees. The Company recognizes lease costs under these agreements using a straight-line method based on total lease payments. Certain facility leases contain predetermined price escalations and in some cases renewal options, the longest of which is for five years.
The Company generally estimates the applicabl e discount rate used to determine the net present value of lease payments based on available information at the lease commencement date. As of July 1, 2023, the weighted-average discount rate used by the Company for all operating leases was approximately 3.9%.
The balance sheet classifications for amounts related to the Company’s operating leases for which it is the lessee are as follows:

(in millions) |  | Balance sheet classification |  | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  |
Lessee ROU assets |  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 60.2 |  |  | $ | 69.6 |  |  |
Lessee current lease liabilities |  | Other current liabilities |  | 17.7 |  |  | 18.7 |  |  |
Lessee non-current lease liabilities |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | 47.1 |  |  | 53.4 |  |  |
Total operating lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 64.8 |  |  | $ | 72.1 |  |  |

As of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accumulated amortization for lessee ROU assets was $44.3 million and $36.6 million, respectively. The weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases was 5.8 years as of July 1, 2023.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
As of July 1, 2023, estimated future operating lease payments for each of the following fiscal years were as follows:

Fiscal year |  | Amount (in millions)
2023 (balance of year) |  | $ | 9.9 |
2024 |  | 17.7 |
2025 |  | 13.7 |
2026 |  | 9.5 |
2027 |  | 4.9 |
Thereafter(1) |  | 17.6 |
Total |  | 73.3 |
Imputed interest |  | (8.5) |
Present value |  | $ | 64.8 |

______________
(1) Includes optional renewal period for certain leases.
During the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, operating lease costs were approximately $5.2 million and $5.4 million, respectively. During the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, operating lease costs were approximately $10.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively.
12. Other Non-Current Assets
Other non-current assets consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Lessee ROU assets, net | $ | 60.2 |  |  | $ | 69.6 |
Derivative assets - non-current | 21.1 |  |  | 19.3 |
Strategic investments | 13.9 |  |  | 13.8 |
Prepaid deposits and other | 12.7 |  |  | 11.0 |
Other non-current assets | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Total non-current assets | $ | 108.2 |  |  | $ | 114.0 |

13. Deferred Revenue and Other Contract Liabilities, Current
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities, current, consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Deferred revenue | $ | 59.4 |  |  | $ | 61.0 |
Accrued rebates and allowances | 34.0 |  |  | 38.5 |
Accrued customer reimbursements | 6.4 |  |  | 6.1 |
Total deferred revenue and other contract liabilities | 99.8 |  |  | 105.6 |
Less: Non-current portion of deferred revenue | (26.1) |  |  | (25.0) |
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities, current | $ | 73.7 |  |  | $ | 80.6 |

Deferred revenue relates to contracted amounts that have been invoiced to customers for which remaining performance obligations must be completed before the Company can recognize revenue. Generally, both healthcare and non-healthcare segments record deferred revenue when revenue is to be recognized subsequent to invoicing.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Healthcare Deferred Revenue
Healthcare deferred revenue primarily relates to undelivered equipment, sensors and services under deferred equipment agreements, extended warranty agreements, and maintenance agreements. Expected revenue from remaining contractual performance obligations (Unrecognized Contract Revenue) includes deferred revenue, as well as other amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods when the Company completes its performance obligations. Unrecognized Contract Revenue excludes revenue allocable to monitoring-related equipment that is effectively leased to customers under deferred equipment agreements and other contractual obligations for which neither party has performed. The estimated timing of this revenue is based, in part, on management’s estimates and assumptions about when its performance obligations will be completed. As a result, the actual timing of this revenue in future periods may vary, possibly materially. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had approximately $1,378.7 million of Unrecognized Contract Revenue related to executed contracts with an original duration of one year or more. The Company expects to recognize approximately $383.6 million of this amount as revenue within the next twelve months and the remaining balance thereafter.
Non-Healthcare Deferred Revenue
In October 2020, Bowers and Wilkins (B&W) entered into an amendment to a licensing agreement, whereby B&W received a $20.0 million royalty prepayment in relation to sound system units manufactured by B&W for various high-end car manufacturers with a total commitment of $35.0 million to be received by September 30, 2028. As of July 1, 2023, deferred revenu e was $16.4 million.
Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

(in millions) | Six Months Ended July 1, 2023
Deferred revenue, beginning of the period | $ | 61.0 |
Revenue deferred during the period | 12.7 |
Recognition of revenue deferred in prior periods | (14.3) |
Deferred revenue, end of the period | $ | 59.4 |

14. Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Income tax payable | $ | 35.5 |  |  | $ | 32.1 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 31.8 |  |  | 15.1 |
Accrued expenses | 30.1 |  |  | 39.9 |
Accrued indirect taxes payable | 21.6 |  |  | 28.2 |
Lessee lease liabilities, current | 17.7 |  |  | 18.7 |
Accrued legal fees | 11.2 |  |  | 11.4 |
Accrued property taxes | 10.8 |  |  | 12.1 |
Accrued warranty | 9.3 |  |  | 10.6 |
Related party payables | 4.9 |  |  | 4.0 |
Accrued donations | 3.4 |  |  | 5.1 |
Other current liabilities | 6.2 |  |  | 6.1 |
Total other current liabilities | $ | 182.5 |  |  | $ | 183.3 |

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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
15. Debt

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Term loan - current portion | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | 7.5 |
Japanese loans - current portion | 22.4 |  |  | 7.6 |
Short-term debt | 31.8 |  |  | 15.1 |
Term loan - long-term | 274.2 |  |  | 278.9 |
Revolver - long-term | 605.2 |  |  | 651.0 |
Japanese loans - long-term | 9.4 |  |  | 11.7 |
Long-term debt | 888.8 |  |  | 941.6 |
Total debt | $ | 920.6 |  |  | $ | 956.7 |

Credit Facility
On April 11, 2022, the Company entered into a credit agreement (Credit Facility) with financial institutions party thereto as initial lenders (collectively, the Initial Lenders), Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of the West and BofA Securities, Inc., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of the West and BofA Securities, Inc., as co-syndication agents.
The Credit Facility provides for an unsecured term loan of $300.0 million (Term Loan) and $500.0 million of ongoing unsecured revolving commitments (Revolver), with an option, subject to certain conditions, for the Company to increase the aggregate borrowing capacity by an additional $400.0 million (plus additional unlimited amounts if certain incurrence tests are met) in the future with the Initial Lenders and additional lenders, as required. Debt issuance costs of $8.4 million were recorded as a reduction to the carrying amount of the Credit Facility and are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method.
The Credit Facility also provides for a sublimit of up to $50.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit.
Borrowings under the Credit Facility will be deemed, at the Company’s election, either: (a) an Alternate Base Rate (ABR) Loan, which bears interest at the ABR, plus a spread of 0.000% to 0.750% based upon a Company leverage ratio, or (b) a Term SOFR Loan, which bears interest at the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined below), plus a spread of 1.000% to 1.750% based upon a Company net leverage ratio. Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility, the ABR is equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York effective rate plus 0.50%, and (iii) the one-month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0%. The Adjusted Term SOFR Rate is equal to the Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Credit Facility) for the applicable interest period plus a spread adjustment of 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.25% for the interest periods ending one, three and six months, respectively.
The Company is also obligated under the Credit Facility to pay an unused fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.275% per annum, based upon a Company leverage ratio, with respect to any non-utilized portion of the Credit Facility.
The Company is subject to certain covenants, including financial covenants related to a net leverage ratio and an interest charge coverage ratio, and other customary negative covenants. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default which, upon the occurrence of any such event of default, provide the Initial Lenders (and any additional lenders) with the right to take either or both of the following actions: (a) immediately terminate the commitments, and (b) declare the loans then outstanding immediately due and payable in full. All unpaid principal under the Credit Facility will become due and payable on April 12, 2027.
On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement (First Amendment) with the Initial Lenders and Citibank, N.A., as the administrative agent, which amended the Credit Facility. The First Amendment provides for an additional $205 million of unsecured revolving commitments, increasing the aggregate amount of the Revolver from $500 million to $705 million.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Borrowing rates, financial covenants, affirmative and negative covenants and other restricted terms remain unchanged from the Credit Facility. All unpaid principal under the First Amendment will become due and payable on April 12, 2027. The Company was in full compliance with the financial covenants contained in its debt or Credit Facility agreements as of July 1, 2023.
For the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company incurred total interest expense of $11.0 million and $4.5 million interest expense under the Credit Facility, respectively. For the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company incurred total interest expense of $22.0 million and $4.5 million interest expense under the Credit Facility, respectively.
Furthermore, in connection with a prior acquisition, the Company assumed three outstanding loans as follows:
Japanese Revolving Loan
In March 2020, the Company entered into a secured revolving loan (Japanese Revolving Loan) with Mizuho bank, which allows the Company to borrow up to ¥800 million (approximately $5.5 million). The Japanese Revolving Loan is an evergreen agreement that terminates upon request by either the financial institution or the borrower and is collateralized with land and buildings in Shirakawa-Shi owned by the borrower. Interest accrues at a rate equal to the Mizuho Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate (TIBOR) plus a fixed spread of 0.50% per annum. In connection with the execution of the Japanese Revolving Loan, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of ¥7.2 million (approximately $0.1 million).
On February 28, 2023, the Company and Mizuho Bank executed an amendment to the Japanese Revolving Loan, to increase the maximum aggregate revolving loan to ¥3.00 billion (approximately $20.8 million). Under the amendment, the facility accrues interest at a rate equal to the TIBOR plus a fixed spread of 0.75% per annum. The Company also paid an upfront fee of ¥22.0 million (approximately $0.2 million) on the incremental amount of the revolving Credit Facility.
The Japanese Revolving Loan agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, such as financial reporting requirements and customary covenants that restrict the borrower’s ability to, among other things, provide collateral for obligations borne by the borrower, and determine the eligibility to declare, and amount of potential dividends to be paid during a given fiscal year. As of July 1, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Japanese Revolving Loan agreements.
Japanese Government Loans
In May and June 2020, the Company received ¥1.48 billion (approximately $10.3 million) in non-collateralized Japanese Government Loan facilities (Japanese Government Loans) as part of its local Japanese stimulus program. Interest accrues at a weighted average rate of 1.33% and is repayable in installments with various maturities through June 2035. The non-current portion of the Japanese Government Loans is presented under long-term debt and the current portion is presented under short-term debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred no debt issuance costs in connection with the Japanese Government Loans.
Japanese Equipment Loans
In April and May 2021, the Company entered into collateralized Japanese Equipment Loans of ¥150 million (approximately $1.0 million), payable in installments through March 2031 with an interest of 0.58%, and ¥80 million (approximately $0.6 million) payable in installments through April 2028 with interest of 1.2%. The non-current portion of the Japanese Equipment Loans is presented under long-term debt and the current portion is presented under short-term debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company incurred no debt issuance costs in connection with these Japanese Equipment Loans.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
As of July 1, 2023, the aggregate maturities of principal on all debt for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

Fiscal year |  | Amount (in millions)
2023 (balance of the year) |  | $ | 25.4 |
2024 |  | 14.8 |
2025 |  | 16.6 |
2026 |  | 16.6 |
2027 |  | 843.6 |
Thereafter |  | 3.6 |
Total |  | $ | 920.6 |

16. Other Non-Current Liabilities
Other non-current liabilities consist of the following:

(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Lessee non-current lease liabilities | $ | 47.1 |  |  | $ | 53.4 |
Deferred revenue, non-current | 26.1 |  |  | 25.0 |
Unrecognized tax benefits | 21.4 |  |  | 18.0 |
Defined benefit obligation | 8.5 |  |  | 10.1 |
Indirect tax payable, non-current | 8.3 |  |  | 8.2 |
Income tax payable, non-current | 7.1 |  |  | 12.7 |
Other | 4.8 |  |  | 9.1 |
Total other non-current liabilities | $ | 123.3 |  |  | $ | 136.5 |

Unrecognized tax benefits relate to the Company’s long-term portion of tax liability associated with uncertain tax positions. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. See Note 23, “Income Taxes”, for further details.
17. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative Instruments - Cash Flow Hedges
The Company’s cash flow hedges are designed to mitigate the risk of exposure to variability in expected future cash flows of recognized assets, liabilities, or any unrecognized forecasted transactions. Since July 2022, the Company has entered into various interest rate swaps that are designated as cash flow hedges on a substantial portion of the outstanding debt. The interest rate swaps reduce the variability of cash flow payments for the Company by converting the variable interest rate on the Company’s long-term debt to an average fixed interest rate of 2.87%. These contracts, carried at fair value, have maturities of approximately four years. All hedging relationships were highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to the risk being hedged. The Company used a regression analysis at hedge inception to assess the effectiveness of cash flow hedge and periodically hereafter.
The Company records gains and losses from the changes in the fair value of these instruments as a component of other comprehensive (loss) income. Deferred gains or losses from these designated cash flow hedges are reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged items affect earnings. The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments in its condensed consolidated balance sheets for presentation purposes. The following table summarizes the fair value of the hedging instruments, presented on a gross basis, as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

|  |  |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions) |  | Balance sheet classification |  | July 1, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  |
Interest rate contracts, inclusive of accrued interest |  | Other non-current assets | $ | — |  | $ | 21.5 |  |  | $ | 19.7 |  |  |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 21.5 |  |  | $ | 19.7 |  |  |

The following table summarizes the gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.

Cash flow hedges |  |  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) |  | Location of gains (losses) |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Interest rate contracts |  | Non-operating (loss) income |  | 3.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | $ | — |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | — |

The following tables summarize the changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the hedging instruments for the three months and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Beginning balance |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19.3 |  |  | $ | — |
Amount recognized in other comprehensive income |  | 11.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | — |
Amount reclassified into earnings |  | (3.8) |  |  | — |  |  | (6.8) |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  | $ | 21.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21.1 |  |  | $ | — |

For the three months ended July 1, 2023, the unrealized gain, net of tax was $5.6 million. For the six months ended July 1, 2023, the unrealized gain, net of tax was $1.3 million.
The Company expects to reclassify a net amount of gains of $14.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income gain to non-operating (loss) income within the next 12 months.
18. Business Combinations
Sound United Acquisition
On April 11, 2022, the Company completed the previously announced acquisition of Sound United, pursuant to a Merger Agreement dated as of February 15, 2022 (Merger Agreement), by and among the Company, Sonic Boom Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (Merger Sub), Viper Holdings Corporation (Sound United), and, solely in its capacity as the Seller Representative, Viper Holdings, LLC, Merger Sub merged with and into Sound United, with Sound United continuing as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (Merger).
Sound United is a leading innovator of premium, high-performance audio products for consumers around the world, which operates iconic consumer brands: Bowers & Wilkins®, Denon™, Marantz™, HEOS™, Classé™, Polk Audio™, Boston Acoustics™ and Definitive Technology™. The brands are linked by a commitment to the highest production standards and a focus on unparalleled audio quality and audio performance. Sound United delivers significant competitive benefits through its platform advantages including global distribution across online, retail, and custom installation channels; a cloud-connected home ecosystem; and a state-of-the-art research and development function focused on creating the highest-quality consumer products with world-class industrial design.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
The Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Sound United for $1.0575 billion in cash, subject to adjustments based on Sound United’s net working capital, transaction expenses, cash and debt as of the closing of the Merger (Closing), payable by the Company in cash. The transaction was primarily funded with the proceeds from the Credit Facility. See Note 15, “Debt”, for additional information about the Credit Facility. There was no contingent consideration resulting from the transaction.
The results of operations of Sound United subsequent to the acquisition date and the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including the allocation of goodwill and intangible assets, are included in the non-healthcare segment. For the period of April 11, 2022 to July 2, 2022 the Company recorded revenue of $208.3 million and a net loss of $26.9 million from Sound United. For the period of January 1, 2023 to July 1, 2023, the Company recorded revenue of $390.7 million and a net loss of $3.3 million from Sound United.
Acquisitions Costs
The Company recognized transaction costs related to the Sound United acquisition of $15.1 million for the three and six months ended July 2, 2022. The Company recognized no transaction costs related to the Sound United Acquisition for the three and six months ended July 1, 2023.
Purchase Price Allocations
The purchase price allocation for the Sound United Acquisition is final. Goodwill was calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition, including the assembled workforce. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The measurement period adjustments resulted primarily from valuation inputs pertaining to certain acquired assets based on facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and did not result from events subsequent to the acquisition date.
The table below summarizes the final allocation of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

(in millions) |  | Sound United
Cash consideration(1) |  | $ | 1,057.5 |
Purchase price |  | $ | 1,057.5 |
Assets acquired: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 82.6 |
Accounts receivables |  | 108.5 |
Inventories |  | 238.6 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 30.0 |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 113.2 |
Intangible asset |  | 649.0 |
Goodwill |  | 325.8 |
Long-term other assets |  | 7.4 |
Total assets acquired |  | $ | 1,555.1 |
Liabilities assumed: |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | (118.8) |
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities |  | (148.9) |
Deferred tax liabilities |  | (152.9) |
Other long-term liabilities |  | (77.0) |
Total liabilities assumed |  | $ | (497.6) |

______________
(1) The purchase price allocation for the Sound United Acquisition is final.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Identifiable Intangible Assets
The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired and the weighted average amortization period as of the acquisition date:

|  | Weighted average amortization period (in years) |  | April 11, 2022 (in millions)
Trademarks/tradenames |  | 10 |  | $ | 6.0 |
Customer relationships |  | 17 |  | 196.0 |
Developed technology |  | 8 |  | 156.0 |
Contractual license agreements |  | 15 |  | 29.0 |
Subtotal |  | 14 years |  | $ | 387.0 |
Indefinite trademarks/tradenames |  | N/A |  | 262.0 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 649.0 |

In determining the fair value of the identifiable intangible assets, the Company utilized various forms of the income approach, depending on the asset being valued. The estimation of fair value requires significant judgment related to cash flow forecasts, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in each cash flow stream, competitive trends, market comparables and other factors. Other inputs included historical data, current and anticipated market conditions, and growth rates. Contractual license agreements have a weighted-average amortization period of five years until the next renewal term.
The intangible assets were valued using the following valuation approaches:
Customer relationships
The fair value of customer relationships was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method. The multi-period excess earnings method involves forecasting the net earnings expected to be generated by the asset, reducing them by appropriate returns on contributory assets, and then discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate.
Trademarks/tradenames
The fair values of the trademark/tradenames were determined using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This involves forecasting avoided royalties, reducing them by taxes, and discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. Judgment was applied for a number of assumptions in valuing the identified intangible assets, including revenue and cash flow forecasts, survival rates, technology life, royalty rate, obsolescence and discount rate.
Developed technology
The fair values of the developed technology were determined using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This involves forecasting avoided royalties, reducing them by taxes, and discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. Judgment was applied for a number of assumptions in valuing the identified intangible assets including revenue and cash flow forecasts, survival rates, technology life, royalty rate, obsolescence and discount rate.
Contractual licensing agreements
The fair value of the contractual license agreements was determined using a variation of the multi-period excess earnings method. This method involves forecasting the net earnings expected to be generated by the asset and then discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
19. Equity
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and Stockholder Rights Plan
In September 2022, the Company authorized and declared a dividend of one preferred stock purchase right (Right) for each outstanding share of its common stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on September 20, 2022 (the Record Date) pursuant to a Rights Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2022 (Rights Agreement), with Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc. as Rights Agent. In addition, one Right was issued with each share of common stock that became outstanding after the Record Date. Each Right entitled the registered holder to purchase from the Company one thousandth of one share of the Company’s Series A junior participating preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a purchase price equal to $1,000.00 per Right, subject to adjustment. Generally, the Rights were to become exercisable in the event any person or group of affiliated or associated persons acquires beneficial ownership of 10% (20% in the case of a passive institutional investor), subject to certain exceptions.
On March 22, 2023, the Company and the Rights Agent entered into an amendment (Rights Agreement Amendment) to the Rights Agreement. The Rights Agreement Amendment accelerated the expiration of the Rights to 5:00 P.M., New York time, on March 22, 2023, and the Rights Agreement terminated at such time. At the time of the termination of the Rights Agreement, all Rights distributed to holders of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Rights Agreement expired.
Stock Repurchase Programs
In October 2021, the Board approved a stock repurchase program, authorizing the Company to purchase up to 3.0 million shares of its common stock over a period of up to three years (2021 Repurchase Program). The 2021 Repurchase Program became effective in October 2021 upon the expiration of the Company’s prior repurchase program approved in 2018. The 2021 Repurchase Program was completed in May 2022.
In June 2022, the Board approved a stock repurchase program, authorizing the Company to purchase up to 5.0 million shares of its common stock on or before December 31, 2027 (2022 Repurchase Program). The 2022 Repurchase Program became effective in July 2022. The Company expects to fund the 2022 Repurchase Program through its available cash, cash expected to be generated from future operations, the Credit Facility and other potential sources of capital. The 2022 Repurchase Program can be carried out at the discretion of a committee comprised of the Company’s CEO and CFO through open market pu rchases, one or more Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, block trades and privately negotiated transactions. No shares were repurchased pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program during each of the three months and six months ended July 1, 2023. As of July 1, 2023, 5.0 million shares remained available for repurchase pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s stock repurchase act ivities:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions, except per share amounts) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Shares repurchased(1) | — |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.0 |
Average cost per share | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133.82 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133.82 |
Value of shares repurchased | $ | — |  |  | $ | 401.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 401.4 |

______________
(1) Excludes shares withheld from the shares of its common stock actually issued in connection with the vesting of PSU or RSU awards to satisfy certain U.S. federal and state tax withholding obligations.
20. Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock-based compensation (benefit) expense for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $(8.6) million and $17.3 million, respectively. Total stock-based compensation (benefit) expense for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $(1.3) million and $28.2 million, respectively. The stock-based compensation benefit amounts for the three month and six months ended July 1, 2023 reflect adjustments for the expected life-to-date achievement of certain PSUs. The Company reassesses the expected achievement of such PSU awards based upon the achievement of certain pre-established multi-year performance criteria approved by the Board at the date of grant.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
As of July 1, 2023, an aggregate of 10.0 million shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance under the Company’s equity plans, of which 3.6 million shares were available for future grant under the Masimo Corporation 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan). Additional information related to the Company’s current equity incentive plans, stock-based award activity and valuation of stock-based awards is included below.
Equity Incentive Plans
2017 Equity Incentive Plan
On June 1, 2017, the Company’s stockholders ratified and approved the 2017 Equity Plan. The 2017 Equity Plan permits the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, PSUs, performance shares, performance bonus awards and other stock or cash awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and employees and consultants of any parent or subsidiary of the Company. Upon effectiveness, an aggregate of 5.0 million shares were available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Plan. In May 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase of 2.5 million shares to the 2017 Equity Plan. The aggregate number of shares that may be awarded under the 2017 Equity Plan is 7.5 million shares. The 2017 Equity Plan provides that at least 95% of the equity awards issued under the 2017 Equity Plan must vest over a period of not less than one year following the date of grant. The exercise price per share of each option granted under the 2017 Equity Plan may not be less than the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, which is generally equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the grant date.
2007 Stock Incentive Plan
Effective June 1, 2017, upon the approval and ratification of the 2017 Equity Plan, the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (2007 Equity Plan) terminated, provided that awards outstanding under the 2007 Equity Plan will continue to be governed by the terms of that plan. In addition, upon the effectiveness of the 2017 Equity Plan, an aggregate of 5.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock registered under prior registration statements for issuance pursuant to the 2007 Equity Plan were deregistered and concurrently registered under the 2017 Equity Plan.
Stock-Based Award Activity
Stock Options
The number and weighted-average exercise price of options issued and outstanding under all of the Company’s equity plans are as follows:

| Six Months Ended July 1, 2023
(in millions, except for weighted-average exercise prices) | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding, beginning of period | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 83.85 |
Granted | 0.1 |  |  | 177.29 |
Canceled | — |  |  | 169.18 |
Exercised | (0.1) |  |  | 41.63 |
Options outstanding, end of period | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 88.26 |
Options exercisable, end of period | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 73.34 |

Total stock option expense for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $2.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Total stock option expense for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $4.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had $20.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options that are expected to vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.7 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of July 1, 2023 was 4.1 years.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
RSUs
The number of RSUs issued and outstanding under all of the Company’s equity plans are as follows:

| Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
(in millions, except for weighted-average grant date fair value amounts) | Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RSUs outstanding, beginning of period | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 105.65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 0.2 |  |  | 174.51 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired | — |  |  | 170.30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vested | (0.1) |  |  | 169.63 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RSUs outstanding, end of period | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 107.99 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Total RSU expense for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $5.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Total RSU expense for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $9.4 million and $7.1 million, respectively. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had $75.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSU awards expected to be recognized and vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.9 years.
PSUs
The number of PSUs outstanding under all of the Company’s equity plans are as follows:

| Six Months Ended July 1, 2023
(in millions, except for weighted-average grant date fair value amounts) | Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
PSUs outstanding, beginning of period | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 180.04 |
Granted(1) | 0.1 |  |  | 204.67 |
Expired | — |  |  | 139.73 |
Vested | (0.1) |  |  | 179.42 |
PSUs outstanding, end of period | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 190.11 |

______________
(1) On February 27, 2023, the Audit Committee approved the weighted payout percentage for the 2020 PSU awards (three-year performance period), which were based upon the actual fiscal 2022 performance against pre-established performance objectives. Included in the granted amount are those additional PSUs earned based on actual performance achieved. These PSUs were originally awarded at target.
During the six months ended July 1, 2023, the Company awarded 103,803 PSUs that will vest three years from the award date, based on the achievement of certain pre-established multi-year performance criteria approved by the Board. Estimates of stock-based compensation expense for an award with performance conditions are based on the probable outcome of the performance conditions and the cumulative effect of any changes in the probability outcomes is recorded in the period in which the changes occur. If earned, the PSUs granted will vest upon achievement of the performance criteria, which include a relative total shareholder return (TSR) component, in the year following the evaluation and confirmation of the performance achievement criteria. The Company’s TSR is based on the Company’s common stock percentile ranking relative to the constituents of the Nasdaq Composite Index for the performance period beginning on January 1, 2023 and ending on December 31, 2025. The number of shares that may be earned can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount. The fair value of market-based RSU is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which uses multiple input variables to determine the probability of satisfying the market condition requirements. The fair value of performance-based PSU is determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Based on management’s estimate of the number of units expected to vest, total PSU (benefit) expense for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $(16.0) million and $10.0 million, respectively. Total PSU (benefit) expense for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was $(15.3) million and $14.8 million, respectively. The PSU benefit amounts for the three months ended July 1, 2023 relate to adjustments for the expected life-to-date performance of the PSU. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had $18.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested PSU awards expected to be recognized and vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Valuation of Stock-Based Award Activity
The fair value of each RSU and PSU is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.
The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of options granted under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans. The range of assumptions used and the resulting weighted-average fair value of options granted at the date of grant were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| July 1, 2023(1) |  | July 2, 2022(1) |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Risk-free interest rate | —% |  | —% |  | 4.2% |  | 1.0% to 1.9%
Expected term (in years) | — |  | — |  | 5.9 |  | 5.7
Estimated volatility | —% |  | —% |  | 36.7% |  | 31.2% to 38.9%
Expected dividends | —% |  | —% |  | —% |  | —%
Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $— |  | $— |  | $75.08 |  | $49.69

__________________
(1) No stock options were granted during the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022.
The aggregate intrinsic value of options is calculated as the positive difference, if any, between the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise or the respective period end, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the options. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of July 1, 2023 was $228.9 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of July 1, 2023 was $226.0 million.
21. Employee Benefits
Defined Contribution Plans
In the U.S. the Company sponsors one qualified defined contribution plan or 401(k) plan, the Masimo Retirement Savings Plan (MRSP), covering the Company’s full-time U.S. employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. On April 11, 2022, participation in the MRSP was amended to allow for participation by eligible employees in connection with a prior acquisition.
The MRSP matches 100% of a participant’s salary deferral, up to 3% of each participant’s compensation for the pay period, subject to a maximum amount. The Company may also contribute to the MRSP on a discretionary basis. The Company contributed $1.3 million and $1.0 million to the MRSP for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively, all in the form of matching contributions. The Company contributed $2.7 million and $2.1 million to the MRSP for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively, all in the form of matching contributions.
In addition, some of the Company’s international subsidiaries also have defined contribution plans to which both the employees and the employers are eligible to make contributions. The Company contributed $1.4 million and $2.8 million to these plans for the three months and six months ended July 1, 2023. The Company made no contributions to any of these plans for the three and six months ended July 2, 2022.
Defined Benefit Plans
The Company sponsors several international noncontributory defined benefit plans. In connection with a prior acquisition, the Company assumed sponsorship of several international defined benefit plans and post-retirement benefit plans. All defined benefit plans and post-retirement benefit plans assumed by the Company due to a prior acquisition were closed to new participants prior to the acquisition.
The service cost component for the defined benefit plans are recorded in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. All other cost components are recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
The Company’s net periodic defined benefit costs for each of the three and six months ended July 1, 2023, and July 2, 2022 were immaterial.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
22. Non-operating (Loss) Income
Non-operating (loss) income consists of the following:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Interest income | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |
Interest expense | (11.8) |  |  | (4.5) |  |  | (23.7) |  |  | (4.6) |
Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains | 6.6 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total non-operating (loss) income | $ | (4.5) |  |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | $ | (16.3) |  |  | $ | 3.9 |

23. Income Taxes
The Company has provided for income taxes in fiscal year 2023 interim periods based on the estimated effective income tax rate for the complete fiscal year, as adjusted for discrete tax events, including excess tax benefits or deficiencies related to stock-based compensation, in the period such events occur. The estimated annual effective tax rate is computed based on the expected annual pretax income of the consolidated entities located within each taxing jurisdiction based on legislation enacted as of the balance sheet date. For the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company recorded discrete tax benefits of approximately $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits realized from stock-based compensation. For the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company recorded discrete tax benefits of approximately $2.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits realized from stock-based compensation.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the future tax consequences associated with temporary differences between income and expenses reported for accounting and tax purposes. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recorded to the extent that the Company cannot determine that the ultimate realization of the net deferred tax assets is more likely than not. Realization of deferred tax assets is principally dependent upon the achievement of future taxable income, the estimation of which requires significant judgment by the Company’s management. The judgment of the Company’s management regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the Company’s ability to successfully execute its business plans or tax planning strategies. These changes, if any, may require material adjustments to these deferred tax asset balances.
As of July 1, 2023, the liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was approximately $29.4 million. If fully recognized, approximately $27.0 million (net of federal benefit on state taxes) would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in various jurisdictions may change in the next twelve months due to the expiration of statutes of limitation and audit settlements. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of these events, an estimate of the change within the next twelve months cannot currently be made.
The Company conducts business in multiple jurisdictions and, as a result, one or more of the Company’s subsidiaries files income tax returns in U.S. federal, various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters through fiscal year 2018. All material state, local and foreign income tax matters have been concluded through fiscal year 2015. The Company does not believe that the results of any tax authority examination would have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
24. Commitments and Contingencies
Employment and Severance Agreements
In July 2017, the Company entered into the First Amendment to that certain Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Kiani on November 4, 2015 (as amended, the Amended Employment Agreement). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Employment Agreement, upon a “Qualifying Termination” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement), Mr. Kiani will be entitled to receive a cash severance benefit equal to two times the sum of his then-current base salary and the average annual bonus paid to Mr. Kiani during the immediately preceding three years, the full amount of the “Award Shares” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement) and the full amount of the “Cash Payment” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement). In addition, in the event of a “Change-in-Control” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement) prior to a Qualifying Termination, on each of the first and second anniversaries of the Change-in-Control, 50% of the Cash Payment and 50% of the Award Shares will vest, subject in each case to Mr. Kiani’s continuous employment through each such anniversary date; however, in the event of a Qualifying Termination or a termination of Mr. Kiani’s employment due to death or disability prior to either of such anniversaries, any unvested amount of the Cash Payment and all of the unvested Award Shares shall vest and be paid in full. Additionally, in the event of a Change-in-Control prior to a Qualifying Termination, Mr. Kiani’s stock options and any other equity awards will vest in accordance with their terms, but in no event later than in two equal installments on each of the one year and two year anniversaries of the Change-in- Control, subject in each case to Mr. Kiani’s continuous employment through each such anniversary date.
On January 14, 2022, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to the Amended Employment Agreement (Second Amendment) with Mr. Kiani. The Second Amendment provides that the RSUs granted to Mr. Kiani pursuant to the Amended Employment Agreement will vest in full upon the termination of Mr. Kiani’s employment with the Company pursuant to Mr. Kiani’s death or disability.
On February 8, 2023, Mr. Kiani agreed that the valid election to the Company’s Board of Directors (Board) at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (2023 Annual Meeting) of any two individuals nominated by the Company’s stockholders in lieu of two of the Company’s then-current Board members would not be deemed to constitute a “Change in Control” for purposes of Section 9(iii) of the Amended Employment Agreement.
On March 22, 2023, in connection with the Board’s unanimous selection of H Michael Cohen as Lead Independent Director, Mr. Kiani voluntarily irrevocably and permanently waived his right to treat the appointment of any lead independent director as “Good Reason” under his Amended Employment Agreement, to terminate employment, and to receive contractual separation payments on this basis.
On June 5, 2023, Mr. Kiani, pursuant to a Limited Waiver (Waiver), unconditionally, irrevocably and permanently waived his right, pursuant to Mr. Kiani’s Amended Employment Agreement, to assert that a “Change in Control” has occurred pursuant to Section 9(iii) of the Amended Employment Agreement unless the individuals who constituted the Board at the beginning of the twelve (12) month period immediately preceding such change, as defined in Section 9(iii) of the Amended Employment Agreement, cease for any reason to constitute one-half or more of the directors then in office. In addition, Mr. Kiani agreed that, for purposes of determining whether such a “Change in Control” has occurred, any individual elected to the Board at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting will be treated as a member of the Board at the beginning of the twelve (12) month period.
As a result of Mr. Kiani’s execution of the Waiver on June 5, 2023, which waived certain of the “Change in Control” provisions in the Amended Employment Agreement, the Company remeasured the expense related to the Award Shares and Cash Payment that would be recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination under the Amended Employment Agreement, as amended by the Second Amendment, and the expense was determined to be approximately $479.7 million.
As of July 1, 2023, the Company had severance plan participation agreements with five executive officers. The participation agreements (the Agreements) are governed by the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2007 Severance Protection Plan (the Severance Plan), which became effective on July 19, 2007 and which was amended effective December 31, 2008.
Under each of the Agreements, the applicable executive officer may be entitled to receive certain salary, equity, medical and life insurance benefits if he is terminated by the Company without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason under certain circumstances. Each executive officer is also required to give the Company six months’ advance notice of his resignation under certain circumstances.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Cercacor Cross-Licensing Agreement Provisions
The Company’s Cross-Licensing Agreement with Cercacor contains annual minimum aggregate royalty obligations for use of the rainbow® licensed technology. The current annual minimum royalty obligation is $5.0 million. Upon a change in control (as defined in the Cross-Licensing Agreement) of the Company or Cercacor: (i) all rights to the “Masimo” trademark will be assigned to Cercacor if the surviving or acquiring entity ceases to use “Masimo” as a company name and trademark; (ii) the option to license technology developed by Cercacor for use in blood glucose monitoring will be deemed automatically exercised and a $2.5 million license fee for this technology will become immediately payable to Cercacor; and (iii) the minimum aggregate annual royalties payable to Cercacor for carbon monoxide, methemoglobin, fractional arterial oxygen saturation, hemoglobin and/or glucose measurements will increase to $15.0 million per year until the exclusivity period of the agreement ends, plus up to $2.0 million for each additional vital sign measurement with no maximum ceiling for non-vital sign measurements.
Purchase Commitments
Pursuant to contractual obligations with vendors, the Company had $360.6 million of purchase commitments as of July 1, 2023 that are expected to be purchased within one year. These purchase commitments have been made for certain inventory items in order to secure sufficient levels of those items, other critical inventory and manufacturing supplies, and to achieve better pricing.
Other Contractual Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company may provide bank guarantees to support government hospital tenders in certain foreign jurisdictions. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had approximately $4.3 million in outstanding unsecured bank guarantees.
In certain circumstances, the Company also provides limited indemnification within its various customer contracts whereby the Company indemnifies the parties to whom it sells its products with respect to potential infringement of intellectual property, and against bodily injury caused by a defective Company product. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements, due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had not incurred any significant costs related to contractual indemnification of its customers.
Concentrations of Risk
The Company is exposed to credit loss for the amount of its cash deposits with financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company invests a portion of its excess cash with major financial institutions. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had $150.7 million of bank balances, of which $7.9 million was covered by either the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit or foreign countries’ deposit insurance organizations.
The Company’s ability to sell its healthcare products to U.S. hospitals depends in part on its relationships with GPOs. Many existing and potential healthcare customers for the Company’s products become members of GPOs. GPOs negotiate pricing arrangements and contracts, sometimes exclusively, with medical supply manufacturers and distributors, and these negotiated prices are made available to a GPO’s affiliated hospitals and other members. During the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, revenue from the sale of the Company’s healthcare products to customers that are members of GPOs approximated 58.5% and 49.6% of healthcare revenue, respectively. During the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, revenue from the sale of the Company’s healthcare products to customers that are members of GPOs approximated 54.1% and 52.3% of healthcare revenue, respectively.
For each of the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company had sales through one just-in-time healthcare distributor that represented 12.0% and 10.6% of consolidated revenue, respectively.
For each of the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, the Company had sales through one just-in-time healthcare distributor that represented 10.3% and 11.6% of consolidated revenue, respectively.
During the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, there were no revenue concentrations for the Company’s non-healthcare business.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
As of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, one healthcare customer represented 8.9% and 9.1%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable balance. The receivable balance related to such healthcare customer is fully secured by a letter of credit.
As of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no customer concentrations risks associated with the Company’s non-healthcare business.
Litigation
On January 9, 2020, the Company filed a complaint against Apple Inc. (Apple) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California for infringement of a number of patents, for trade secret misappropriation, and for ownership and correction of inventorship of a number of Apple patents listing one of its former employees as an inventor. The Company is seeking damages, injunctive relief, and declaratory judgment regarding ownership of the Apple patents. Apple filed petitions for Inter Partes review (IPR) of the asserted patents in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). The PTO instituted IPR of the asserted patents. On October 13, 2020, the District Court stayed the patent infringement claims pending completion of the IPR proceedings. In the IPR proceedings, one or more of the challenged claims of three of the asserted patents were found valid. The challenged claims of nine of the asserted patents were found invalid. The Company and Apple filed notices of appeal and appeal briefs with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit seeking review of the IPR decisions on all asserted patents. Oral arguments are scheduled for three consolidated appeals and for nine asserted patents on August 10, 2023. The parties are awaiting scheduling of oral arguments for the other asserted patents. From April 4, 2023 through May 1, 2023, the District Court held a jury trial on the trade secret, ownership, and inventorship claims. The District Court granted Apple’s motion for judgment as a matter of law on certain trade secrets and denied the remainder of Apple’s motion. On May 1, 2023, the District Court declared a mistrial because the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict. The District Court has not yet scheduled a new trial.
On June 30, 2021, the Company filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) against Apple for infringement of a number of other patents. The Company filed an amended complaint on July 12, 2021. On August 13, 2021, the ITC issued a Notice of Institution of Investigation on the asserted patents. From June 6, 2022 to June 10, 2022, the ITC conducted an evidentiary hearing. The current target date for completion of the ITC investigation is May 10, 2023. In July and August 2022, Apple filed petitions for IPR of the asserted patents in the PTO. On January 10, 2023, a United States Administrative Law Judge in Washington, D.C. ruled that Apple violated Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, by importing and selling within the United States certain Apple Watches with light-based pulse oximetry functionality and components, which infringe one of the Company’s pulse oximeter patents. On January 24, 2023, the United States Administrative Law Judge further recommended that the ITC issue an exclusion order and a cease and desist order on certain Apple Watches. The ITC will now consider whether to implement a ban on imports of certain Apple Watches. On January 30, 2023, the PTO denied institution of IPR proceedings for the Company’s pulse oximeter patent that the United States Administrative Law Judge ruled was infringed. With respect to the other patents asserted at the ITC, the PTO denied institution of IPR proceedings for two patents and instituted IPR proceedings for two patents in January and February 2023. The instituted IPR proceedings on the two patents are pending.
On October 20, 2022, Apple filed two complaints against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that the Masimo W1™ watch infringes six utility and four design patents. Apple is seeking damages and injunctive relief. On December 12, 2022, the Company counterclaimed for monopolization, attempted monopolization, false advertising (and related causes of action) and infringement of ten patents. The Company is seeking damages and injunctive relief. On May 5, 2023, the Court ordered that the two cases be coordinated through the pre-trial stage. The Court will hold a case management conference in January 2024 to address the scope of claims and counterclaims for trial and set a trial date. The Company intends to vigorously pursue all of its claims against Apple and believes the Company has good and substantial defenses to Apple’s claims, but there is no guarantee that the Company will be successful in these efforts.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
On October 21, 2022, a complaint was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the Company and members of the Company’s Board (Director Defendants) by Politan Capital Management LP and Politan Capital NY LLC (Activist Plaintiffs). The Activist Plaintiffs are managed by Quentin Koffey, who is a member of the Board. The complaint sought to (i) declare certain amendments to the Company’s bylaws that became effective on September 9, 2022 (Bylaw Amendments) unenforceable, (ii) find that the Director Defendants breached their fiduciary duties by approving and implementing the Bylaw Amendments and the shareholder rights plan adopted by the Company on September 9, 2022, and refusing to invalidate certain change of control provisions in the Company’s employment agreement with Joe Kiani, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO), (iii) invalidate certain change of control provisions in Mr. Kiani’s employment agreement, (iv) permanently enjoin the Company and its Board from taking any actions to prevent the Activist Plaintiffs from exercising their rights in accordance with the Company’s prior bylaws to nominate directors, and (v) award the Activist Plaintiffs their fees, costs and expenses in connection with the action covered by the complaint.
On February 5, 2023, the Board approved and adopted amended and restated bylaws (the Amended and Restated Bylaws) which reverted to the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Corporation, dated as of October 24, 2019 (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the Corporation with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 30, 2019), except that the Amended and Restated Bylaws continued to provide that the period for stockholders to give notice of their intention to nominate directors to stand for election and to submit stockholder proposals for consideration at the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders would begin on March 24, 2023 and remain open for one month (later extended to May 1, 2023). In addition, effective February 8, 2023, Mr. Kiani agreed that the valid election to the Board at the 2023 Annual Meeting of any two individuals nominated by the Company stockholders in lieu of two of the Company’s current Board members would not be deemed to constitute a “Change in Control” for purposes of Section 9(iii) of his employment agreement. On February 8, 2023, the Court informed the parties that the Amended and Restated Bylaws mooted the Bylaw Amendments dispute and continued trial on the change in control provisions. On May 1, 2023, Politan filed a motion for an interim fee award of attorneys’ fees and expenses.
On March 3, 2023, Politan filed a motion for leave to file a second amended and supplemented verified complaint (the Second Amended Complaint), which the Court granted on March 15, 2023. The Second Amended Complaint added the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS) as a co-plaintiff and added several former members of the Company’s Board as additional co-defendants. On July 18, 2023, the Court granted a stipulation to dismiss some of the former Board members. On August 7, 2023, Politan filed a third amended and supplemented complaint (the Third Amended Complaint). The Third Amended Complaint seeks declaratory and monetary relief and attorneys’ fees and costs, including declarations that certain provisions of Mr. Kiani’s employment agreement are invalid and unenforceable and that the Director Defendants breached their fiduciary duties by approving and maintaining the employment agreement. The Company believes that it and the Director Defendants have good and substantial defenses to the claims in the Third Amended Complaint, but there is no guarantee that the Company and the Director Defendants will be successful in these efforts. The Company is unable to determine whether any loss ultimately will occur or to estimate the range of such loss; therefore, no amount of loss has been accrued by the Company in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
From time to time, the Company may be involved in other litigation and investigations relating to claims and matters arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company believes that it currently is not a party to any other legal proceedings which, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse eff ect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
25. Segment and Enterprise Reporting
The Company’s reportable segments are determined based upon the Company’s organizational structure and the way in which the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), the CEO, makes operating decisions and assesses financial performance. The CODM considered several factors including, but not limited to, customer base, technology, and homogeneity of products. The two segments are:
•Healthcare - develops, manufactures, and markets a variety of noninvasive monitoring technologies and hospital automation solutions and therapeutics. This segment includes the Company’s core legacy hospital business and new Masimo-technology-enabled consumer products that are distributed through many channels including e-commerce sites, leading national retailers and specialty chains globally.
•Non-healthcare - designs, develops, manufactures, markets and sells a broad portfolio of premium, high-performance audio products and services.
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MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)
Income from operations for each segme nt includes all geographic revenues, related cost of net revenues and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment. The Company uses gross profit, as presented in the Company’s finan cial reports, as the primary measure of segment profitability. The Company uses the same accounting policies to generate segment results as the Company does for consolidated results. Segment information presented herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented. There was no inter-segment revenue for any of the periods presented.
Selected information by reportable segment is presented below for each of the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Revenues by segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Healthcare | $ | 281.1 |  |  | $ | 357.0 |  |  | $ | 627.8 |  |  | $ | 661.2 |
Non-healthcare | 174.2 |  |  | 208.3 |  |  | 392.5 |  |  | 208.3 |
Total revenue by segment | $ | 455.3 |  |  | $ | 565.3 |  |  | $ | 1,020.3 |  |  | $ | 869.5 |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Healthcare | $ | 169.0 |  |  | $ | 236.7 |  |  | $ | 383.8 |  |  | $ | 442.1 |
Non-healthcare | 58.5 |  |  | 72.6 |  |  | 136.3 |  |  | 72.6 |
Other(1) | (6.3) |  |  | (51.1) |  |  | (14.1) |  |  | (51.8) |
Gross profit | $ | 221.2 |  |  | $ | 258.2 |  |  | $ | 506.0 |  |  | $ | 462.9 |

____________________________
(1) Management excludes certain corporate expenses from segment gross profit. In addition, certain amounts that management considers to be non-recurring or non-operational are excluded from segment gross profit because management evaluates the operating results of the segments excluding such items.
The Company’s depreciation and amortization by segment are as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in millions) | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Depreciation and amortization by segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Healthcare | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 9.1 |  |  | $ | 18.4 |  |  | $ | 18.1 |
Non-healthcare | 15.8 |  |  | 61.8 |  |  | 32.9 |  |  | 61.8 |
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 25.1 |  |  | $ | 70.9 |  |  | $ | 51.3 |  |  | $ | 79.9 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially and adversely from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include any expectation of earnings, revenues or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; factors that may affect our operating results or financial condition; statements concerning new products, technologies or services; statements related to future capital expenditures; statements related to future economic conditions or performance; statements related to our stock repurchase program; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may” or “will,” the negative versions of these terms and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially and adversely from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which we filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of such statements.
Executive Overview
We are a global technology company dedicated to improving lives. We seek to accelerate our growth strategies and strengthen our focus on patient care via two business segments: healthcare and non-healthcare.
Healthcare
Our healthcare business develops, manufactures and markets a v ariety of noninvasive patient monitoring technologies, hospital automation and connectivity solutions, remote monitoring devices and consumer health products. Our healthcare products and patient monitoring solutions generally incorporate a monitor or circuit board, proprietary single-patient use or reusable sensors, software, cables and other services. We primarily sell our healthcare products to hospitals, emergency medical service (EMS) providers, home care providers, phy sician offices, veterinarians, long-term care facilities and consumers through our direct sales force, distributors and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners, such as GE Healthcare, Hillrom, Mindray, Philips, Physio-Control, Zoll, etc.
Our core measurement technologies are our breakthrough Measure-through Motion and Low Perfusion™ pulse oximetry, known as Masimo Signal Extraction Technology® (SET®) pulse oximetry, and advanced rainbow® Pulse CO-Oximetry parameters such as noninvasive hemoglobin (SpHb®), alongside many other modalities, including brain function monitoring, hemodynamic monitoring, regional oximetry, acoustic respiration rate monitoring, capnography and gas monitoring, nasal high-flow respiratory support therapy, patient position and activity tracking and neuromodulation technology solutions.
Our measurement technologies are available on many types of devices, from bedside hospital monitors like the Root® Patient Monitoring and Connectivity Hub, to various handheld and portable devices, and to the tetherless Radius-PPG®, Radius-VSM® and Masimo SafetyNet™ remote patient surveillance solution. The Masimo Hospital Automation™ Platform facilitates data integration, connectivity, and interoperability through solutions like Patient SafetyNet™, Iris™, iSirona™, Replica® and UniView™ to facilitate more efficient clinical workflows and to help clinicians provide the best possible care, both in-person and remotely. Leveraging our expertise in hospital-grade technologies, we are also expanding our suite of products intended for use outside the hospital and products for consumers, including Masimo Sleep™, a sleep quality solution, the Radius Tº® wireless wearable continuous thermometer, Radius Capnography™, a wireless tetherless capnograph, and the Masimo W1™ and Masimo Freedom™ biosensing health and smart watches.
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Non-healthcare
Our non-healthcare business develops, manufactures, markets, sells and licenses premium sound, home integration technologies and accessories, along with complete high performance in-vehicle audio systems under iconic consumer brands such as Bowers & Wilkins™, Denon™, Marantz™, HEOS™, Classé™, Polk Audio™, Boston Acoustics™ and Definitive Technology™, which offer products with unparalleled quality and performance to consumers, professional sound studios and audiophiles worldwide. Our products are sold direct-to-consumers, or through authorized retailer and wholesalers. We also license our audio technology to select luxury automotive manufacturers such as BMW®, Maserati®, McLaren®, Polestar® and Volvo®. In addition, we maintain partnerships with certain airlines for bespoke headphones allowing for the best in-flight audio experience.
While we seek to increase sales through our direct-to-consumer sales channel, we expect that our partnerships with third-party retailers and custom installers will continue to be an important part of our ecosystem. We will continue to seek retail partners that can deliver differentiated in-store experiences to support customer demand for product demonstrations. Our physical retail distribution relies on third-party retailers and our ability to maintain our efficiency in our manufacturing processes.
Recent Product Developments and Releases
In January 2023, we unleashed the Denon™ AVR-A1H Flagship with 15 channels of power, delivering up to 150W per channel. Users can easily share content to HEOS™-enabled devices, such as Denon™ home speakers, in other rooms throughout the home. The AVR-A1H has been meticulously engineered and constructed using the finest components at Denon™ facilities in Japan, representing the ultimate example of the Company’s signature sound.
Also in January 2023, we announced the limited market release of Masimo’s Visual Clinical Activity Monitoring (VCAM™), a video analysis system that uses artificial intelligence to help facilitate compliance with hospital hand hygiene protocols. The Masimo VCAM™, integrates seamlessly with the Masimo Hospital Automation™ platform of solutions, including Masimo Patient SafetyNet™, Replica®, and Root®, and is designed to help hospitals and other care facilities optimize protocol adherence, with real-time notifications at the point-of-care about current hand hygiene status and powerful analytics around protocol compliance, and the ultimate goal of helping institutions decrease incidences of hospital-acquired infections.
In February 2023, we introduced the Dymension® Series high-performance loudspeakers, building on Definitive Technology™’s quarter-of-a-century legendary sound lineage in bipolar speakers.
In March 2023, we unveiled the Masimo Freedom™ smartwatch and health tracker. The Masimo Freedom™ device continuously monitors arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), hydration index (Hi™), pulse rate, heart rate and respiration rate. The Masimo Freedom™ smartwatch also features functionality such as calling, texting, music, and contains other third-party application compatibility.
In April 2023, we announced the planned integration of Nura, the makers of self-learning hearables, into the Denon™ brand’s product pipeline to deliver enhanced listening experiences for consumers. In adding Nura’s award-winning otoacoustic emission measuring technology into the Denon™ family, consumers will be able to enjoy their favorite music as if they are there in the front row thanks to custom sound implementation. The addition of Nura’s technology into the Masimo Adaptive Acoustic Technology (AAT™) platform, combines Masimo’s 30-year expertise in signal processing with the world-class acoustic engineering from Masimo’s non-healthcare consumer audio businesses, and will be able to address unique hearing complexities that vary from person to person.
In April 2023, we announced that Masimo Opioid Halo™ was granted de novo classification by the FDA, making it the first and only FDA-authorized opioid overdose prevention and alert system for detecting opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Also in April 2023, we announced that Masimo Rad-G® with Temperature had received FDA 510(k) clearance. The Rad-G® with Temperature is a rugged, versatile, handheld monitor that provides clinically proven SET® pulse oximetry, respiration rate from the pleth (RRp®) and other parameters alongside non-contact infrared clinical thermometry.
In May 2023, we launched Masimo Stork™, a revolutionary home baby monitoring system. This innovative system offers parents insight into their baby’s health data, helping them learn more about and be better connected to their baby. The Masimo Stork™ monitoring ecosystem system, which comprises several components, will be available in multiple configurations, including Masimo Stork™ Vitals+, the flagship solution, which consists of a boot with sensor, video camera and a mobile app.
Also in May 2023, we expanded the capabilities of our HEOS® platform by providing our customers with health tracking capabilities integrated into their favorite audio solutions. The g lobal expansion of the HEOS® platform enables an always-on connection to the Masimo Health secure cloud device, thereby empowering consumers with an enhanced health tracking experience. This software upgrade allows Masimo’s devices and solutions to seamlessly integrate with HEOS® enabled sound bars, wireless speakers, amplifiers and receivers from Denon™, Marantz™ and Definitive Technology™ worldwide.
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In June 2023, we announced that Masimo Radius VSM™ had received FDA 510(k) clearance. The Radius VSM™ is a patient worn, continuous multi-parameter vital signs monitor that allows ambulation and movement while ensuring patients remain continuously monitored.
Also in June 2023, we launched the Denon PerL™ and PerL Pro™ True Wireless Earbuds powered by Masimo AAT™, allowing users to create a personal audio profile to optimize the sound quality of the headphones.
Economic Trends and Developments Effecting Our Business
Business Outlook
The markets in which we operate have experienced a number of headwinds, including inflationary pressures, interest rates volatility, rising energy costs, recessionary outlook, and foreign currency fluctuations, all of which has affected the global economic environment and consumer spending behaviors. While w e anticipate some short-term volatility in both our healthcare and non-healthcare segments, we are optimistic about long-term growth across both segments due to our new product launches, our continued investment in expanding markets and embedding our improved technologies into our product portfolio.
In an effort to bolster our long-term financial position, we recently initiated various cost reduction actions to better optimize our cost structure with near-term revenue to enhance our operating cash flow, and improve our profitability for both segments going forward.
Global Supply Chain and Logistics
Our global supply chain continues to be challenged by inefficiencies, component shortages, increased lead times, material cost fluctuations and logistics constraints, including most recently labor strikes from third-party transportation carriers. Recently, we saw improvements in our supply chain, including recovery of supply for certain raw materials, component costs, and ocean freight costs. We continue to take preventive steps to mitigate the effects caused by these factors, including validated multiple vendors, advanced purchasing of long-lead time components and higher safety stock inventory levels.
Seasonality
Each of our business segments is individually influenced by many factors, including but not limited to: new product releases, acquisitions, regulatory approvals, patient holiday schedules, hospital census, the timing of the influenza season, holiday seasons, consumer pressures, inflationary and recessionary pressures, consumer demand and preferences, competitors’ marketing promotions and sales incentives; among many other factors.
Our healthcare revenues in the third quarter of our fiscal years have generally historically represented a lower percentage of segment revenues due to the seasonality of the U.S., European and Japanese markets, where summer vacation schedules normally result in fewer elective procedures utilizing our healthcare products.
Our non-healthcare revenues in the fourth quarter of a fiscal year generally produce a higher percentage of our segment revenues than the other quarters of our fiscal year due to the holiday shopping season and our corresponding promotional activities. Our promotional discounting activity may negatively impact our gross margin during the holiday periods.
Inpatient Census
The 2023 flu season concluded abnormally early and faded quickly in the first quarter this year, resulting in reduced inpatient census. Healthcare facilities and hospitals experienced fewer flu-related hospitalizations and medical office visits, which decreased consumption of our single-patient use sensors and consumables. The corresponding delays in reordering for our single-patient use sensors and consumables had an adverse impact on our second quarter 2023 healthcare revenue.
COVID-19 Inventory Stockpiling
During the COVID-19 pandemic period, we observed a broad increase in sensors purchased. The uncertainties and supply chain disruptions during COVID-19 contributed to our customers’ elevated inventory levels in an attempt to ensure a stable supply of single-patient use sensors and consumables. During the second quarter 2023, we discontinued certain discounting programs; and some customers maintained elevated levels of single-patient use sensors and consumables in inventory due to the softer demand and lower hospital census, which had an adverse impact on our second quarter 2023 healthcare revenue.
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Contract Conversions and Installations
During the second quarter 2023, we achieved substantial market share gains through contract acquisitions as new hospital customers continue to switch to Masimo technology at rapid rates. However, conversions of new customers who have contracted to switch to Masimo were less than expected due to labor shortages in hospitals and our OEM partners not being able to provide the patient monitoring equipment needed to complete the installations in a timely manner; thereby impacting our second quarter 2023 healthcare revenues. Despite these obstacles, we have taken proactive measures to address the labor shortages, including engaging third-party installation service providers to assist. Our hospital business is strong, as our growth in contracting shows. We believe sensor utilization and sensor revenue growth rates will return to normal levels.
Russian-Ukraine Conflict
We continue to monitor the developing situation in the Ukraine, and, with respect to ongoing business in Russia and the Ukraine, and are supporting existing patient populations while remaining compliant with all applicable U.S. and E U sanctions and regulations. While Russia and Ukraine do not constitute a material portion of our business, a significant escalation or expansion of economic disruption or the conflict’s current scope could have an impact on our business. In the interim, order acceptance for these countries has been halted. For the three and six months ended July 1, 2023, sales deriv ed from customers based in Russia represented an immaterial percentage of our total revenue.
Related Party Transactions
Cercacor
Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor) is an independent entity spun off from us to our stockholders in 1998. Joe Kiani, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), is also the Chairman and CEO of Cercacor. We are a party to a cross-licensing agreement with Cercacor, which was amended and restated effective January 1, 2007 (the Cross-Licensing Agreement), which governs each party’s rights to certain intellectual property held by the two companies. See Note 3, “Related Party Transactions”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to Cercacor.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations expressed as U.S. Dollar amounts and as a percentage of revenue.

| Three Months Ended (in million, except percentages) |  | Six Months Ended (in millions, except percentages)
| July 1, 2023 |  | Percentage of Revenue |  | July 2, 2022 |  | Percentage of Revenue |  | July 1, 2023 |  | Percentage of Revenue |  | July 2, 2022 |  | Percentage of Revenue
Revenue | $ | 455.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 565.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,020.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 869.5 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of goods sold | 234.1 |  |  | 51.4 |  |  | 307.1 |  |  | 54.3 |  |  | 514.3 |  |  | 50.4 |  |  | 406.6 |  |  | 46.8 |
Gross profit | 221.2 |  |  | 48.6 |  |  | 258.2 |  |  | 45.7 |  |  | 506.0 |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | 462.9 |  |  | 53.2 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 151.7 |  |  | 33.3 |  |  | 188.3 |  |  | 33.3 |  |  | 348.0 |  |  | 34.1 |  |  | 297.2 |  |  | 34.2 |
Research and development | 40.2 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 47.8 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 90.7 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 83.9 |  |  | 9.6 |
Total operating expenses | 191.9 |  |  | 42.1 |  |  | 236.1 |  |  | 41.8 |  |  | 438.7 |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | 381.1 |  |  | 43.8 |
Operating income | 29.3 |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 22.1 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 67.3 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 81.8 |  |  | 9.4 |
Non-operating (loss) income | (4.5) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | (16.3) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 0.4 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 24.8 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 51.0 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 85.7 |  |  | 9.9 |
Provision for income taxes | 9.1 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 21.0 |  |  | 2.4 |
Net income | $ | 15.7 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | $ | 18.1 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | $ | 64.7 |  |  | 7.4 | %

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Comparison of the Three Months ended July 1, 2023 to the Three Months ended July 2, 2022
Revenue. Revenue decreased $110.0 million, or 19.5%, to $455.3 million for the three months ended July 1, 2023 from $565.3 million for the three months ended July 2, 2022.
Revenue by segment: Revenue by segment is comprised of healthcare and non-healthcare segments. The healthcare segment consists of hospital products and services. The non-healthcare segment consists of consumer audio visual and sound related products. The following table details our revenues by segment for each of the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022:

|  | Three Months Ended (in millions, except percentage)
|  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |  | Percentage Change
Healthcare |  | $ | 281.1 |  |  | 61.7 | % |  | $ | 357.0 |  |  | 63.2 | % |  | $ | (75.9) |  |  | (21.3) | %
Non-healthcare |  | 174.2 |  |  | 38.3 |  |  | 208.3 |  |  | 36.8 |  |  | (34.1) |  |  | (16.4) |
Revenue by segment |  | $ | 455.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 565.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | (110.0) |  |  | (19.5) | %

The decrease in healthcare segment revenue was primarily the result of lower than expected sales of consumables, due to anticipated larger orders that were delayed to the second half of the year, lower than expected U.S. hospital inpatient census, and elevated sensor inventory levels at some customers due to discounting in prior quarters, which was discontinued during the current quarter. In addition, hospital labor shortages and OEM product delays resulted in delays in the completion of patient monitoring system installations. Furthermore, continued increases in hospital labor costs have strained hospital budgets, lowering demand for capital equipment in the current quarter. Revenues were also unfavorably impacted by approximately $2.0 million of foreign exchange rate movements from the prior year period that decreased the U.S. Dollar translation of foreign sales that were denominated in various foreign currencies.
The decrease in healthcare segment revenue was further attributable to the prior year revenue comparable including revenue that was delayed from the first quarter due to supply chain challenges from component shortages, and limited labor availability at our manufacturing facilities. This timing shift resulted in approximately $25.0 million to $30.0 million of revenue in the three months ending July 2, 2022.
Revenue generated through our direct and distribution sales channels decreased $74.6 million, or 23.2%, to $247.6 million for the three months ended July 1, 2023 compared to $322.2 million for the three months ended July 2, 2022. Revenues from our OEM channel decreased $1.3 million, or 3.7%, to $33.5 million for the three months ended July 1, 2023 as compared to $34.8 million for the three months ended July 2, 2022.
During the three months ended July 1, 2023, we shipped approximately 64,100 noninv asive technology boards and instruments. We believe that orders for replacement monitors have slowed as hospitals facing budget pressures have delayed purchases and our OEM partners continue to monitor and manage their order backlog and inventories levels accordingly. As of the end of the second quarter of 2023, we estimated that our installed base grew by approximately 6% over our installed base at the end of the second quarter of 2022. However, as a result of strong new hospital contracts, we expect our future sensor sales to grow, driving future revenues.
The non-healthcare segment saw lower than expected demand for consumer audio products. This business is experiencing reduced discretionary spending on high-end audio systems, and a return of competitors who had previously been hampered by supply chain interruptions now being aggressive with price cuts. Although we are unable to raise prices as we had initially planned this year, we are unwilling to reduce our prices to the same degree as competitors. However, our hearables sales doubled during the three months ended July 1, 2023, aided by the successful launch of the Masimo Denon PerL™ earbuds with Masimo AAT™.
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Gross Profit. Gross profit consists of revenue less cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold includes labor, material, overhead and other similar costs related to the production, supply, distribution and support of our prod ucts. Our gross profit for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was as follows:

Gross Profit (in millions, except percentages)
Three Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Three Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$221.2 | 48.6% | $258.2 | 45.7% | $(37.0) | (14.3)%

Cost of goods sold decreased $73.0 million for the three months ended July 1, 2023, compared to the three months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to decreased sales volumes in both the healthcare and non-healthcare segments. Gross profit increased to 48.6% for the three months ended July 1, 2023, compared to 45.7% for the three months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to transaction costs incurred related to the Sound United acquisition and various expense inefficiencies related to the global supply chain constraints that were incurred in the prior year period that did not reoccur in the current year period.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of sa laries, stock-based compensation and related expenses for sales, marketing and administrative personnel, sales commissions, advertising and promotion costs, professional fees related to legal, accounting and other outside services, public company costs and other corporate expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 were as follows:

Selling, General and Administrative (in millions, except percentages)
Three Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Three Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$151.7 | 33.3% | $188.3 | 33.3% | $(36.6) | (19.4)%

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $36.6 million, or 19.4%, for the three months ended July 1, 2023, compared to the three months ended July 2, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower compensation and other employee-related costs of approximately $33.0 million, of which $21.8 million was attributable to a stock-based compensation life-to-date performance achievement adjustment and lower transaction-related costs of approximately $16.0 million, which were offset by higher legal and professional fees of approximately $10.4 million, which was net of a $5.0 million insurance recovery; higher occupancy and other office-related costs of approximately $1.2 million, higher amortization expense of approximately $1.0 million and higher advertising and marketing-related costs of approximately $0.5 million.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation and related expenses for engineers and other personnel engaged in the design and development of our products. These expenses also include third-party fees paid to consultants, prototype and engineering supply expenses and the costs of clinical trials. Research and development expenses for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 were as follows:

Research and Development (in millions, except percentages)
Three Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Three Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$40.2 | 8.8% | $47.8 | 8.5% | $(7.6) | (15.9)%

Research and development expenses decreased $7.6 million, or 15.9%, for the three months ended July 1, 2023, compared to the three months ended July 2, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower compensation and other employee-related costs of approximately $7.3 million, of which $4.2 million was attributable to a stock-based compensation life-to-date performance achievement adjustment, lower professional fees of approximately $0.8 million and lower engineering project costs of approximately $0.5 million, which were offset by higher amortization expense of approximately $0.8 million and higher other office-related costs of approximately $0.1 million.
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Non-operating (Loss)/Income. Non-operating (loss)/income consists primarily of interest income, interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses. Non-operating (loss)/income for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was as follows:

Non-operating (Loss)/Income (in millions, except percentages)
Three Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Three Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$(4.5) | (1.0)% | $4.5 | 0.8% | $(9.0) | (200.0)%

Non-operating loss was $4.5 million for the three months ended July 1, 2023, as compared to $4.5 million of non-operating income for the three months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to interest expense incurred of approximately $11.8 million and the net impact of realized and unrealized foreign currency transactions incurred during the period of approximately $6.6 million.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was as follows:

Provision for Income Taxes (in millions, except percentages)
Three Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Three Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$9.1 | 2.0% | $8.5 | 1.5% | $0.6 | 7.1%

For the three months ended July 1, 2023, we recorded a provision for income taxes of approximately $9.1 million, or an effective tax provision rate of 36.7%, as compared to a provision for income taxes of approximately $8.5 million, or an effective tax provision rate of 32.0%, for the three months ended July 2, 2022. The increase in our income tax rate for the three months ended July 1, 2023 resulted primarily from changes in geographic composition of income as well as certain non-deductible items.
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Comparison of the Six Months ended July 1, 2023 to the Six Months ended July 2, 2022
Revenue. Rev enue increased $150.8 million, or 17.3%, to $1,020.3 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023 from $869.5 million for the six months ended July 2, 2022.
Revenue by segment: Revenue by segment is comprised of healthcare and non-healthcare segments. The healthcare segment consists of hospital products and services. The non-healthcare segment consists of consumer audio visual and sound related products. The following table details our revenues by segment for each of the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022:

|  | Six Months Ended (in millions, except percentages)
|  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022 |  | Increase/ (Decrease) |  | Percentage Change
Healthcare |  | $ | 627.8 |  |  | 61.5 | % |  | $ | 661.2 |  |  | 76.0 | % |  | $ | (33.4) |  |  | (5.1) | %
Non-healthcare |  | 392.5 |  |  | 38.5 |  |  | 208.3 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 184.2 |  |  | 100.0 |
Revenue by segment |  | $ | 1,020.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 869.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 150.8 |  |  | 17.3 | %

The decrease in healthcare segment revenue was primarily the result of lower than expected sales of consumables, boards and monitors due to large orders that were anticipated being delayed to the second half of the year, lower than expected U.S. hospital inpatient census, and elevated sensor inventory levels at some customers due to discounting in prior quarters, which was discontinued during the current quarter. In addition, hospital labor shortages and OEM product delays resulted in delays in the completion of patient monitoring system installations. Furthermore, continued increases in hospital labor costs have strained hospital budgets, lowering demand for capital equipment in the current quarter. Revenues were also unfavorably impacted by approximately $7.4 million of foreign exchange rate movements from the prior year period that decreased the U.S. Dollar translation of foreign sales that were denominated in various foreign currencies.
Revenue generated through our direct and distribution sales channels decreased $28.2 million, or 4.8%, to $562.6 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023, compared to $590.8 million for the six months ended July 2, 2022. Revenues from our OEM channel decreased $5.2 million, or 7.4%, to $65.2 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023 as compared to $70.4 million for the six months ended July 2, 2022.
During the six months ended July 1, 2023, we shipped approximately 141,400 noninvasive technology boards and instruments.
The non-healthcare segment saw slower than expected demand for consumer audio products, which were also impacted by unfavorable foreign exchange rate movements from the prior year period that decreased the U.S. Dollar translation of foreign sales that were denominated in various foreign currencies. Hearables revenue was strong during the six months ended July 1, 2023, helped by the launch of the Denon PerL™ earbuds with Masimo AAT™.
Gross Profit. Gross profit consists of total revenue less cost of goods sold. Our gross profit for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was as follows:

Gross Profit (in millions, except percentages)
Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Six Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$506.0 | 49.6% | $462.9 | 53.2% | $43.1 | 9.3%

C ost of goods sold increased $107.7 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to decreased sales volumes in both the healthcare and non-healthcare segments. Gross profit decreased to 49.6% for the six months ended July 1, 2023 compared to 53.2% for the six months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to product revenue mix.
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Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 were as follows:

Selling, General and Administrative (in millions, except percentages)
Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Six Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$348.0 | 34.1% | $297.2 | 34.2% | $50.8 | 17.1%

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $50.8 million, or 17.1%, for the six months ended July 1, 2023, compared to the six months ended July 2, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher legal and professional fees of approximately $36.8 million, net of a $5.0 million insurance recovery proceeds, higher advertising and marketing-related costs of approximately $13.7 million, higher occupancy and other office-related costs of approximately $12.2 million and higher amortization expense of approximately $6.0 million, which were offset by lower transaction-related costs of approximately $15.6 million and lower other employee-related costs of approximately $2.1 million, which included in a stock-based compensation life-to-date performance achievement adjustment of approximately $24.8 million.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 were as follows:

Research and Development (in millions, except percentages)
Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Six Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$90.7 | 8.9% | $83.9 | 9.6% | $6.8 | 8.1%

Research and development expenses increased $6.8 million, or 8.1%, for the six months ended July 1, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to higher compensation-related costs of approximately $9.2 million, higher amortization expense of approximately $2.1 million, higher occupancy and other office-related costs of approximately $1.5 million, which were offset by a stock-based compensation life-to-date performance achievement adjustment of approximately $4.7 million; lower engineering project costs of approximately $0.2 million and lower professional fees of approximately $0.2 million.
Non-operating (Loss)/Income. Non-operating (loss)/income consists primarily of interest income, interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses. Non-operating (loss)/income for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was as follows:

Non-operating (Loss)/Income (in millions, except percentages)
Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Six Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$(16.3) | (1.6)% | $3.9 | 0.4% | $(20.2) | (517.9)%

Non-operating loss was $16.3 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023, compared to $3.9 million of non-operating income for the six months ended July 2, 2022, primarily due to interest expense incurred of approximately $23.7 million and the net impact of realized and unrealized foreign currency transactions incurred during the period of approximately $6.0 million.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022 was as follows:

Provision for Income Taxes (in millions, except percentages)
Six Months Ended July 1, 2023 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Six Months Ended July 2, 2022 | Percentage of Net Revenues | Increase/ (Decrease) | Percentage Change
$14.0 | 1.4% | $21.0 | 2.4% | $(7.0) | (33.3)%

For the six months ended July 1, 2023, we recorded a provision for income taxes of approximately $14.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 27.5%, as compared to a provision for income taxes of approximately $21.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 24.5%, for the six months ended July 2, 2022. The increase in our income tax rate for the six months ended July 1, 2023 resulted primarily from changes in geographic composition of income as well as certain non-deductible items.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity consist of our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, future funds expected to be generated from operations and available borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility. As of July 1, 2023, we had approximately $636.3 million in working capital, of which approximately $150.7 million was in cash and cash equivalents. We currently maintain a Credit Facility which provides for $705.0 million of unsecured borrowings. The Credit Facility also provides for a sublimit of up to $50.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit. As of July 1, 2023, we had approximately $96.4 million of available borrowing capacity (net of outstanding letters of credit) under our Credit Facility. Proceeds from the Credit Facility are being used for general corporate, capital investment and exp enditures and working capital needs. For additional information regarding the Credit Facility, see Note 15, “Debt”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In managing our day-to-day liquidity and capital structure, we generally do not rely on foreign earnings as a source of funds. As of July 1, 2023, we had cash totaling $73.0 million held outside of the U.S., of which approximately $8.5 million was accessible without additional tax cost and approximately $25.2 million was accessible at an incremental estimated tax cost of up to $0.3 million. The tax cost on the remaining $39.3 million is not determinable at this time. We currently have sufficient funds on-hand and cash held outside the U.S. that is available without additional tax cost to fund our global operations. In the event funds that are treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated, we may be required to accrue and pay additional U.S. taxes to repatriate these funds.
Despite recent acquisitions and strategic investment expenditures, we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents, amounts available under our Credit Facility, cash provided by operations and access to the equity capital markets, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing operating and capital expenditures, working capital requirements, and other operational funding needs for the next 12 months. We may require additional funds in the future to support our working capital requirements or for other purposes and may seek to raise such additional funds through debt financing, as well as from other sources. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available in the future or that if available, such financing will be obtainable on terms favorable when required.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows:

|  | Six Months Ended (in millions)
|  | July 1, 2023 |  | July 2, 2022
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 24.0 |  |  | $ | 25.6 |
Investing activities | (33.5) |  |  | (1,027.2) |
Financing activities | (40.1) |  |  | 495.8 |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash | (1.4) |  |  | (22.0) |
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (51.0) |  |  | $ | (527.8) |

Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities was approximately $24.0 million for the six months ended July 1, 2023, generated primarily from net income from operations of $37.0 million. Non-cash activity included depreciation and amortization of approximately $51.3 million and stock-based benefit of approximately $1.3 million. Other major changes in operating assets and liabilities include a decrease in accounts receivable, accrued compensation, accrued liabilities, deferred costs and other contract assets and other non-current liabilities of approximately $95.9 million, $39.0 million, $19.7 million, $6.8 million and $4.5 million, respectively, primarily due to the timing of payments and Company’s costs reduction strategies; an increase in net, inventories, other non-current assets, other current assets, and income tax payables of approximately $45.5 million, $24.4 million, $8.8 million and $5.0 million, respectively, primarily due to the timing of payments and inventory build-up.
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For the six months ended July 2, 2022, cash provided by operating activities was approximately $25.6 million, generated primarily from net income from operations of $64.7 million. Non-cash activity included stock-based compensation of $28.2 million and depreciation and amortization of $79.9 million. An additional source of cash included an increase in accounts payable of approximately $40.4 million and deferred revenue and other contract-related liabilities of approximately $4.8 million, offset by other changes in operating assets and liabilities, including a decrease in accrued compensation and accrued liabilities of approximately $22.6 million and $7.2 million, respectively, primarily due to the timing of payments; an increase in inventories of approximately $67.8 million and deferred cost and other contract assets and inventories of approximately $21.6 million.
Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended July 1, 2023 was approximately $33.5 million, consisting primarily of approximately $20.4 million for purchases of property and equipment, approximately $19.9 million of capitalized intangible asset costs related primarily to patent and trademark costs and license fees, and approximately $0.7 million of strategic investments, which were offset by approximately $7.5 million from escrow funds associated with a business combination.
For the six months ended July 2, 2022, cash used in investing activities was approximately $1,027.2 million, consisting primarily of approximately $30.0 million for purchases of property and equipment, approximately $10.5 million of capitalized intangible asset costs related primarily to patent and trademark costs and approximately $1.2 million for strategic investments.
Financing Activities. Cash used in financing activities for the six months ended July 1, 2023 was approximately $40.1 million, consisting primarily of repayment on the line of credit of approximately $112.4 million, and withholding of shares for employee payroll taxes for vested equity awards of approximately $12.7 million, which were offset by proceeds from borrowings under the line of credit of approximately $79.0 million and the issuance of common stock related to employee equity awards of approximately $6.0 million.
For the six months ended July 2, 2022, cash used in financing activities was approximately $495.8 million, consisting primarily of withholding of shares for employee payroll taxes for vested equity awards of approximately $25.4 million, which were partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock related to employee equity awards of approximately $4.6 million.
Capital Resources and Prospective Capital Requirements
We expect to fund our future operating, investing and financing activities through our available cash, future cash from operations, our Credit Facility and other potential sources of capital. In addition to funding our working capital requirements, we anticipate additional capital expenditures primarily related to investments in infrastructure growth. Possible additional uses of cash may include acquisitions of and/or strategic investments in technologies or technology companies, investments in property, repurchases of common stock under our authorized stock repurchase program and continued legal defense of our intellectual property. However, any repurchases of common stock will be subject to numerous factors, including the availability of our common stock, general market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, availability of capital, alternative uses for capital and our financial performance. In addition, the amount and timing of our actual investing activities will vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including the timing and amount of capital expenditures, costs of product development efforts, our timetable for infrastructure expansion, any stock repurchase activity and costs related to our domestic and international regulatory requirements. Despite these strategic investment requirements and potential expenditures, we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents, amounts available under our Credit Facility, a nd access to the equity capital markets, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing operating and capital expenditures, working capital requirements, and other operational funding needs for the next 12 months. We may require additional funds in the future to support our working capital requirements or for other purposes and may seek to raise such additional funds through debt financing, as well as from other sources. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available in the future or that if available, such financing will be obtainable on terms favorable when required. For additional information related to our Credit Facility, please see Note 15, “Debt”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of net revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions related to our critical accounting policies, including revenue recognition, inventory valuation, stock-based compensat ion, business combinations, defer red taxes and related valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, tax contingencies, litigation costs and loss contingencies.
These estimates and judgments are based on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and form the basis for making management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Although we regularly evaluate these estimates and assumptions, changes in judgments and uncertainties relating to these estimates could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements may be material.
There have been no material changes to any of our critical accounting policies during the six months ended July 1, 2023. For a description of these critical accounting policies, please refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates” in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For details regarding any recently adopted and recently issued accounting standards, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to various market risks that may arise from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign exchange fluctuations and inflation. We do maintain a derivative instrument for cash flow hedging, but do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates to the increase or decrease in the amount of interest income we can earn on our cash and cash equivalents and on the increase or decrease in the amount of interest expense we must pay with respect to our various outstanding debt instruments. As of July 1, 2023, the carrying value of our cash equivalents approximated fair valu e. We manage our risk associated with interest rates fluctuations related to interest expenses under our Credit Facility by engaging in hedging activities. Since July 2022, we entered into various interest rate swap contracts to hedge our exposure to changes in cash flows associated with our outstanding debt with variable interest rates. The interest rate swap contracts have maturities averaging five years or less. S ee Note 17, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates along the entire interest rate yield curve would increase or decrease our interest rate yields on our investments, interest income and credit facilities by approximately $0.1 million for each $10.0 million in interest-bearing investments and by $0.1 million for each additional $10.0 million of debt.
Our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on interest rates, the exposures that arise during the period and our hedging strategies at that time. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would increase or decrease our annual interest expense by approximately $0.4 million based on average debt outstanding, after consideration of our interest rate swap contracts, for the quarter ended July 1, 2023 and approximately $2.3 million based on average debt outstanding, after consideration of our interest rate swap contracts for the year ended July 1, 2023.
We sponsor multiple defined benefit pension plans covering certain international employees. The aggregate fair value of the plans’ investments was $22.2 million as of July 1, 2023. The plans’ assets may be subject to market risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk, which may affect the value of the plans’ assets and the funding of the plans.
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Increases in interest rates globally may impact the value of pension plan assets held by us. When interest rates increase, the value of fixed income securities, such as bonds, may decrease, which can negatively impact the fair value of the pension plan assets. However, interest rate increases may also improve the funded status of plan by increasing the discount rate used to measure the present value of the pension obligations and potentially decreasing our requirement to make contributions to the plan. The most significant actuarial assumption affecting pension expense and pension obligations is discount rates. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis point in discount rates would result in a decrease of approximately $0.3 million in the projected benefit obligation. The impact of interest rate increases on the pension plan assets and funded status may not be predictable and may vary from period to period.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
A majority of our assets and liabilities are maintained in the United States in U.S. Dollars and a majority of our sales and expenditures are transacted in U.S. Dollars. However, we also transact with foreign customers in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These foreign currency revenues, when converted into U.S. Dollars, can vary depending on average exchange rates during a respective period. In addition, certain of our foreign subsidiaries transact in their respective country’s local currency, which is also their functional currency. As a result, expenses of these foreign subsidiaries, when converted into U.S. Dollars can also vary depending on average monthly exchange rates during a respective period.
We are exposed to foreign currency gains or losses on outstanding foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as our foreign currency denominated cash balances and certain intercompany transactions. In addition, other transactions between us or our subsidiaries and a third-party, denominated in a currency different from the functional currency, are foreign currency transactions. Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses on these transactions are also included in our statements of operations as incurred.
The balance sheets of each of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date and the statements of comprehensive income and cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars using an approximation of the average monthly exchange rates applicable during the period. Any foreign exchange gain or loss as a result of translating the balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar is included in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income Our foreign currency exchange rate exposures are primarily with the Canadian Dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen, Swedish Krona, the British Pound, Mexican Peso, Turkish Lira and Australian Dollar. Foreign currency exchange rates may experience significant volatility from one period to the next.
We do not use derivatives or financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The effect of additional changes in foreign currency exchange rates could have a material effect on our future operating results or cash flows, depending on which foreign currency exchange rates change and depending on the directional change (either a strengthening or weakening against the U.S. Dollar). We estimate that the potential impact of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in all applicable foreign currency exchange rates from the rates in effect as of July 1, 2023 would have resulted in an estimated reduction of $26.3 million in reported pre-tax income for the six months ended July 1, 2023. As our foreign operations continue to grow, our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk may become more significant.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the periods presented. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) regulations, rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) or Rule 15d-15(b) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on the foregoing, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The Sound United acquisition was completed on April 11, 2022. The financial results of Sound United are included in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended July 1, 2023. The Sound United business represented approximately $174.2 million of revenue and $5.8 million of net loss for the second quarter of fiscal year 2023. As this acquisition occurred in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, the scope of our assessment of our internal control over financial reporting does not include Sound United. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC’s general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope during the first year following the date of acquisition.
During the three months ended July 1, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information set forth in Note 24, “Commitments and Contingencies”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption “Litigation” included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors and other information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we presently deem less significant may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks come to fruition, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Risk factors marked with an asterisk (*) below include a substantive change from or an update to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.
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Summary of Material Risk Factors
Below is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. This summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized in this summary, and other risks that we face, can be found following this summary and should be carefully considered together with all of the other information appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
•We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from our Masimo SET® platform, Masimo rainbow SET® platform and related products. If these technologies and related products do not continue to achieve market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
•Some of our products are in development or have been recently introduced into the market and may not achieve market acceptance, which could limit our growth and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•If we are not able to maintain and enhance the value and reputation of our non-healthcare brands, or if our reputation is otherwise damaged, our business and operating results could be harmed.
•Our ability to commercialize new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for Masimo SET® and our licensed rainbow® technology is limited to certain markets by our Cross-Licensing Agreement with Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor), which may impair our growth and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•We face competition from other companies, many of which have substantially greater resources than we do. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize enhanced or new products that remain competitive with products or alternative technologies developed by others, we could lose revenue opportunities and customers, and our ability to grow our business would be impaired, adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.
•We depend on our domestic and international OEM partners for a portion of our revenue. If they do not devote sufficient resources to the promotion of products that use our technologies, our business would be harmed.
•If we fail to maintain or develop relationships with GPOs, sales of our healthcare products would decline.
•Inadequate levels of coverage or reimbursement from governmental or other third-party payers for our healthcare products, or for procedures using our healthcare products, may cause our revenue to decline or prevent us from realizing revenues from future products.
•Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions or to the exclusion of existing market participants from certain markets, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
•*The loss of any large customer or distributor, or any cancellation or delay of a significant purchase by a large customer, could reduce our net sales and harm our operating results.
•Counterfeit Masimo sensors and third-party reprocessed single-patient-use Masimo sensors may harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Competition and other conflicts with our non-healthcare distribution partners could harm our business and operating results.
•Certain of our non-healthcare products are dependent on integrations with third-party technology.
•*If the patents we own or license, or our other intellectual property rights, do not adequately protect our technologies, we may lose market share to our competitors and be unable to operate our business profitably.
•If third-parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling certain products.
•*We believe competitors may currently be violating and may in the future violate our intellectual property rights. As a result, we may initiate litigation to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, which may result in substantial expense and may divert management’s attention from implementing our business strategy.
•The laws of foreign countries may not adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
•Our failure to obtain and maintain FDA clearances or approvals on a timely basis, or at all, would prevent us from commercializing our current, upgraded or new healthcare products in the U.S., which could severely harm our business.
•If we or our suppliers fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, these products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.
•*Regulatory reforms may impact our ability to develop and commercialize our healthcare products and technologies.
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•If our healthcare products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, we will be subject to medical device reporting regulations and other applicable laws, and may need to initiate voluntary or mandatory corrective actions, such as the recall of our healthcare products.
•Promotion of our healthcare products using claims that are off-label, unsubstantiated, false or misleading could subject us to substantial penalties.
•The regulatory environment governing information, data security and privacy is increasingly demanding and evolving. Many of the laws and regulations in this area are subject to uncertain interpretation, and our failure to comply could result in claims, penalties or increased costs or otherwise harm our business.
•We may be subject to or otherwise affected by federal and state healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse laws, and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with these laws.
•U.S. and international legislative and regulatory changes in the healthcare industry could have a negative impact on our financial performance.
•We may experience conflicts of interest with Cercacor with respect to business opportunities and other matters.
•We will be required to assign to Cercacor and pay Cercacor for the right to use certain products and technologies we develop that relate to the monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET®.
•In the event that the Cross-Licensing Agreement is terminated for any reason, or Cercacor grants a license to rainbow® technology to a third-party, our business would be adversely affected.
•Rights provided to Cercacor in the Cross-Licensing Agreement may impede a change in control of our company.
•If we are unable to obtain key materials and components from sole or limited source suppliers, we will not be able to deliver our products to customers.
•Future strategic initiatives, including acquisitions of businesses and strategic investments, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if we fail to integrate the acquired businesses and their employees successfully into our existing operations or achieve the desired results of our initiatives.
•Our new products and changes to existing products as a result of our acquisition of Sound United could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue and profits. Further, we may not be successful in our non-healthcare expansion, which could adversely affect our business, reputation or financial results.
•Our Credit Facility contains certain covenants and restrictions that may limit our flexibility in operating our business.
•*Concentration of ownership of our stock among our existing directors, executive officers and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
•*We may be unable to accurately forecast our financial and operating results and appropriately plan our expenses in the future or we may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance about our business and future operating results.
•*Our corporate documents, and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, prevent attempts to replace or remove current management and reduce the market price of our stock.
•*Shareholder activism could cause us to incur significant expense, disrupt our business, result in a proxy contest or litigation and impact our stock price.
•Exclusive forum provisions in our bylaws could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
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Risks Related to Our Revenues
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from our Masimo SET® platform, Masimo rainbow SET® platform and related products. If these technologies and related products do not continue to achieve market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Our healthcare business is highly dependent upon the continued success and market acceptance of our proprietary Masimo SET® and Masimo rainbow SET® technologies that serve as the basis of our primary healthcare product offerings. Continued market acceptance of products incorporating these technologies will depend upon us continuing to provide evidence to the medical community that our products are cost-effective and offer significantly improved performance compared to conventional pulse oximeters. Healthcare providers that currently have significant investments in competitive pulse oximetry products may be reluctant to purchase our products. If hospitals and other healthcare providers do not believe our Masimo SET® and Masimo rainbow SET® platforms are cost-effective, safe or more accurate or reliable than competitive pulse oximetry products, they may not buy our healthcare products in sufficient quantities to enable us to generate revenue growth from the sale of these products. In addition, allegations regarding the safety and effectiveness of our products, whether or not substantiated, may impair or impede the acceptance of our products.
Some of our products are in development or have been recently introduced into the market and may not achieve market acceptance, which could limit our growth and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Many of our noninvasive measurement technologies are considered disruptive. These technologies have performance levels that we believe are acceptable for many clinical environments but may be insufficient in others. In addition, these technologies may perform better in some patients and settings than others. Over time, we hope to continue to improve the performance of these technologies and educate the clinical community on how to properly evaluate them. If we are successful in these endeavors, we expect these technologies will become more useful in more environments and will become more widely adopted. Our product portfolio continues to expand, and we are investing significant resources to enter into, and in some cases create, new markets for our products. For example, our acquisition of Sound United expanded our business and product strategy to additionally focus on non-healthcare products to integrate with our successful medical technology. See the risk factor with the heading “Our new products and changes to existing products as a result of our acquisition of Sound United could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue and profits. Further, we may not be successful in our non-healthcare expansion, which could adversely affect our business, reputation or financial results” for additional risks related to this expansion of our business.
We are continuing to invest in sales and marketing resources to achieve market acceptance of our products, but are unable to guarantee that our technologies will achieve general market acceptance.
The degree of market acceptance of our healthcare products will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to:
•perceived clinical benefits from our products;
•perceived cost effectiveness of our products;
•perceived safety and effectiveness of our products;
•reimbursement available through government and private healthcare programs for using some of our products; and
•introduction and acceptance of competing products or technologies.
Further, market acceptance of our non-healthcare products will depend on certain additional factors, including but not limited to:
•perceived quality of our non-healthcare brands and technology;
•our ability to accurately forecast consumer demand and maintain manufacturing capacity to meet such demand;
•our ability to introduce new innovative products that align with rapidly changing consumer tastes; and
•implementation of pricing and marketing strategies that drive consumer adoption without eroding our premium market position.
If our products do not gain market acceptance or if our customers prefer our competitors’ products, our potential revenue growth would be limited, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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If we are not able to maintain and enhance the value and reputation of our non-healthcare brands, or if our reputation is otherwise damaged, our business and operating results could be harmed.
Our non-healthcare business in the premium audio market depends on the reputation associated with our brands, including Bowers & Wilkins™, Denon™, Marantz™, HEOS™, Classé™, Polk Audio™, Boston Acoustics™ and Definitive Technology™, for providing high-quality products and consumer experiences. The reputation of our brands is dependent on a number of factors, including product quality, research and development, trademark protection and sales and marketing initiatives, each of which requires a wide variety of talented professionals and significant expenditures.
The value of our brands could be damaged by a number of factors, including defects or other quality issues, perceived lack of innovation, evolving consumer tastes, or ineffective marketing strategies. Further, certain third-parties, such as installers of home audio systems or independent retailers over which we exert no control may damage our reputation if their services or business practices negatively impact the consumer experience with our products. Damage to our brands’ reputation or other negative consumer perceptions may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to commercialize new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for Masimo SET® and our licensed rainbow® technology is limited to certain markets by our Cross-Licensing Agreement with Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor), which may impair our growth and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Since 1998, we have been a party to a cross-licensing agreement with Cercacor (as amended, the Cross-Licensing Agreement), under which we granted Cercacor:
•an exclusive, perpetual and worldwide license, with sublicense rights, to use all Masimo SET® technology owned by us, including all improvements to this technology, for the monitoring of non-vital signs parameters and to develop and sell devices incorporating Masimo SET® for monitoring non-vital signs parameters in any product market in which a product is intended to be used by a patient or pharmacist rather than by a professional medical caregiver, which we refer to as the “Cercacor Market”; and
•a non-exclusive, perpetual and worldwide license, with sublicense rights, to use all Masimo SET® technology owned by us for measurement of vital signs in the “Cercacor Market”.
Non-vital signs measurements consist of body fluid constituents other than vital signs measurements, including, but not limited to, carbon monoxide, methemoglobin, blood glucose, hemoglobin and bilirubin. Under the Cross-Licensing Agreement, we are only permitted to sell devices utilizing Masimo SET® for the monitoring of non-vital signs parameters in markets where the product is intended to be used by a professional medical caregiver, including, but not limited to, hospital caregivers and alternate care facility caregivers, rather than by a patient or pharmacist, which we refer to as the “Masimo Market”. Accordingly, our ability to commercialize new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for Masimo SET® is limited. In particular, our inability to expand beyond the “Masimo Market” may limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenue and impair our growth.
Pursuant to the Cross-Licensing Agreement, we have licensed from Cercacor the right to make and distribute products in the “Masimo Market” that utilize rainbow® technology for certain noninvasive measurements. As a result, the opportunity to expand the market for our products incorporating rainbow® technology is also limited, which could limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenue and impair our growth.
We face competition from other companies, many of which have substantially greater resources than we do. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize enhanced or new products that remain competitive with products or alternative technologies developed by others, we could lose revenue opportunities and customers, and our ability to grow our business would be impaired, adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.
The industries in which we compete are intensely competitive and significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. A number of our competitors have substantially greater capital resources, larger product portfolios, larger customer bases, larger sales forces and greater geographic presence, have established stronger reputations with specific customers, and have built relationships with Group Purchasing Organizations and other hospital purchasing groups (collectively, GPOs) that may be more effective than ours. Our Masimo SET® platform faces additional competition from companies developing products for use with third-party monitoring systems, as well as from companies that currently market their own pulse oximetry monitors. In addition, competitors with larger product portfolios than ours are engaging in bundling practices, whereby they offer increased discounts to hospitals that purchase their requirements for a variety of different products from the competitor, including products that we do not offer, effectively pricing their competing products at a loss.
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Continuing technological advances and new product introductions in the industries in which we compete place our products at risk of obsolescence. Our long-term success depends upon the development and successful commercialization of new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for our existing technologies. In our non-healthcare business, we face significant risks associated with new product introductions, including accurately forecasting initial consumer demand, effectively managing any third-party strategic alliances related to manufacturing and commercialization, as well as the risk that new products may not achieve market acceptance or, if acceptance is achieved, may negatively impact the sales of older products. Accordingly, if we cannot properly manage the introduction of new products, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted. In addition, the research and development process is time-consuming and costly and may not result in products or applications that we can successfully commercialize. In particular, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our healthcare products for applications other than arterial blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate monitoring, such as for respiration rate, hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin monitoring.
If we do not successfully adapt our products and applications, we could lose revenue opportunities and customers. Furthermore, one or more of our competitors may develop products that are substantially equivalent to those of our healthcare products that are cleared or approved for use, or those of our original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners, in which case a competitor of ours may use our products or those of our OEM partners as predicate devices to more quickly obtain regulatory clearance or approval of their competing products. Competition could result in pressure from our customers to reduce the price of our products and could cause them to place fewer orders for our products, which could, in turn, cause a reduction in our revenues and product gross margins, thereby adversely impacting our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Some of the world’s largest technology companies that have not historically operated in the healthcare or medical device space, such as Alphabet Inc., Amazon.com, Inc., Apple Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and others, have developed or may develop products and technologies that may compete with our current or future products and technologies. For example, in September 2021, Apple, Inc. announced that its Apple Watch Series 7 includes a blood oxygen level monitoring feature and a sleep tracking function, both of which compete with our existing products. In August 2022, Apple, Inc. announced that its Apple Watch Series 8 includes an ECG app, as well as fall detection and temperature sensing capabilities, which may compete with certain of our existing products and products in development. In September 2022, Apple, Inc. announced that its Apple watchOS9 will include expanded workout enhancements, medication reminders, sleep reporting, temperature tracking and atrial fibrillation history, which may compete with certain of our existing products and products in development. In our non-healthcare business, our competition includes the technology companies referenced above as well as sellers of consumer audio products, such as Bang & Olufsen®, Bose®, Harman International®, JBL®, Sonos® and Sony®. Many of these companies have substantially greater capital, research and development, and sales resources than we have. To effectively compete, we may need to expand our product offerings and distribution channels, which in the interim could increase our research and development costs and decrease our operating margins, thereby adversely impacting our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on our domestic and international OEM partners for a portion of our revenue. If they do not devote sufficient resources to the promotion of products that use our technologies, our business would be harmed.
We are, and will continue to be, dependent upon our domestic and international OEM partners for a portion of our revenue through their marketing, selling and distribution of certain of their products that incorporate our technologies. Although we expect that our OEM partners will accept and actively market, sell and distribute products that incorporate our technologies, they may not do so. Because products that incorporate our technologies may represent a relatively small percentage of business for some of our OEM partners, they may have less incentive to promote these products over other products that do not incorporate these technologies.
In addition, some of our OEM partners offer products that compete with ours and also may be involved in intellectual property disputes with us. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that our OEM partners, or any company that may acquire any of our OEM partners, will vigorously promote products incorporating our technologies. The failure of our OEM partners to successfully market, sell or distribute products incorporating our technologies, the termination of OEM agreements, the loss of OEM partners or the inability to enter into future OEM partnership agreements would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to maintain or develop relationships with GPOs, sales of our healthcare products would decline.
Our ability to sell our healthcare products to hospitals depends, in part, on our relationships with GPOs. Many existing and potential customers for our products are members of GPOs. GPOs negotiate pricing arrangements and contracts with medical supply manufacturers and distributors that may include provisions for sole sourcing and bundling, which generally reduce the choices available to member hospitals.
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These negotiated prices are made available to a GPO’s members. If we are not one of the providers selected by a GPO, the GPO’s members may be less likely or unlikely to purchase our products. If a GPO has negotiated a strict sole source, market share compliance or bundling contract for another manufacturer’s products, we may be prohibited from making sales to members of such GPO for the duration of such contractual arrangement. Shipments of our pulse oximetry products to customers that are members of GPOs represent approximately 90% of our U.S. healthcare product sales. Our failure to renew our contracts with GPOs may cause us to lose market share in our healthcare business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we are unable to develop new relationships with GPOs, our competitive position would likely suffer and our opportunities to grow our revenues and business would be harmed.
Inadequate levels of coverage or reimbursement from governmental or other third-party payers for our healthcare products, or for procedures using our healthcare products, may cause our revenue to decline or prevent us from realizing revenues from future products.
Sales of our healthcare products depend in part on the reimbursement and coverage policies of governmental and private healthcare payers. The lack of adequate coverage and reimbursement for our healthcare products or the procedures in which our healthcare products are used may deter customers from purchasing our products.
We cannot guarantee that governmental or third-party payers will reimburse or begin reimbursing a customer for the cost of our healthcare products or the procedures in which our healthcare products are used. For example, some insurance carriers have issued policies denying coverage for transcutaneous hemoglobin measurement on the grounds that the technology is investigational in the outpatient setting. Other payers are continuing to investigate our products to determine if they will provide reimbursement for the use of such products. In addition, we may incur significant expenses to generate clinical data to demonstrate not only the safety and efficacy, but also the cost-effectiveness of our products in order to obtain favorable reimbursement policies from payers.
These trends could lead to pressure to reduce prices for our current and future healthcare products, hinder our ability to obtain market adoption, cause a decrease in the size of the market or potentially increase competition, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We do not control payer decision-making with respect to coverage and payment levels for our products. Additionally, we expect many payers to continue to explore cost-containment strategies (e.g., comparative and cost-effectiveness analyses, so-called “pay-for-performance” programs implemented by various public government healthcare programs and private third-party payers, and expansion of payment bundling initiatives, and other such methods that shift medical cost risk to providers) that may potentially impact coverage and/or payment levels for our current products or products we develop in the future.
Outside of the U.S., reimbursement systems vary by country. These systems are often subject to the same pressures to curb rising healthcare costs and control healthcare expenditures as those in the U.S. In addition, as economies of emerging markets develop, these countries may implement changes in their healthcare delivery and payment systems. If adequate levels of reimbursement from third-party payers outside of the U.S. are not obtained, sales of our products outside of the U.S. may be adversely affected.
Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions or to the exclusion of existing market participants from certain markets, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Because healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade, numerous initiatives and reforms initiated by legislators, regulators and third-party payers to curb these costs have resulted in a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition to provide products and services to industry participants has become, and will continue to become, more intense. This has resulted in, and will likely continue to result in, greater pricing pressures and the exclusion of certain existing market participants from important market segments as GPOs, independent delivery networks and large single accounts continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for hospitals.
We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to impact the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may reduce competition, exert further downward pressure on the prices of our healthcare products and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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*Our healthcare customers may reduce, delay or cancel purchases due to a variety of factors, such as lower hospital census levels or third-party guidelines, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our healthcare customers are facing growing levels of uncertainties, including variations in overall hospital census for paying patients and the impact of such census variations on hospital budgets. As a result, many hospitals are reevaluating their entire cost structure, including the amount of capital they allocate to medical device technologies and products. In addition, certain of our products, including our rainbow® measurements such as carbon monoxide, methemoglobin and hemoglobin, that are sold with upfront license fees and more complex and expensive sensors, could also be impacted by hospital budget reductions. Any reductions in capital spending budgets by hospitals could have a significant negative impact on our OEM customers who, due to their traditionally larger capital equipment sales model, could see declines in purchases from their hospital customers. This, in turn, could reduce our board sales to our OEM customers.
From time to time, states and other local regulatory authorities may issue guidelines regarding the appropriate scope and use of our products. For example, some of our noninvasive monitoring devices may be subject to authorization by individual states as part of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) scope of practice procedures. A lack of inclusion into scope of practice procedures may limit adoption of our products.
Additionally, increases in demand resulting from global medical crises, such as the increase in demand we experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be short lived. If the increased demand results in a stockpiling of our healthcare products by, or excess inventory at, our customers, future orders may be delayed or canceled until such on-hand inventory is consumed. We may be unable to accurately forecast our financial and operating results and appropriately plan our expenses in the future or we may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance about our business and future operating results. For example, during the second quarter 2023, customers maintained elevated levels of single-patient use sensors and consumables in inventory due to the softer demand and lower hospital census, which had an adverse impact on our second quarter 2023 healthcare revenue. Continued stockpiling or excess inventory as a result of lower hospital census in future quarters could also negatively impact our healthcare revenue.
*The loss of any large customer or distributor, or any cancellation or delay of a significant purchase by a large customer, could reduce our net sales and harm our operating results.
Our healthcare business has a concentration of OEM, distributor and direct customers. For example, sales to one just-in-time distributor represented 10% or more of our healthcare product sa les for the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023. Similarly, within our non-healthcare business, we sell products through distributors, resellers, direct-to-consumer and to large retailers. No individual retailer represented more than 10% of our non-healthcare product sales for the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023.
We cannot provide any assurances that we will retain our current customers, groups of customers or distributors, that they will maintain their current or forecasted demand for our products, or that we will be able to attract and retain additional customers in the future. If for any reason we were to lose our ability to sell to a specific group or class of customers or through a distributor, we could experience a significant reduction in revenue or loss of market share, which would adversely impact our operating results.
Our revenues could also be negatively affected by any rebates, discounts or fees that are required by, or offered to, GPOs and customers, including wholesalers or distributors. Additionally, some just-in-time distributors of our healthcare products have been demanding higher fees, which we may be obligated to pay in order to continue to offer products to our customers through these distributors or which may obligate us to distribute our products directly to our customers. The loss of any large customer or distributor, an increase in distributor fees, or the risks associated with selling directly to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Counterfeit Masimo sensors and third-party reprocessed single-patient-use Masimo sensors may harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We believe that other entities are manufacturing and selling counterfeit Masimo sensors. In addition, certain medical device reprocessors have been collecting our used single-patient-use sensors from hospitals and then reprocessing, repackaging and reselling those sensors to hospitals. These counterfeit and third-party reprocessed sensors are sold at lower prices than new Masimo sensors. Our experience with both these counterfeit sensors and third-party reprocessed sensors is that they provide inferior performance, increased sensor consumption, reduced comfort and a number of monitoring problems. Notwithstanding these limitations, some of our customers have indicated a willingness to purchase some of their sensor requirements from these counterfeit manufacturers and third-party reprocessors in an effort to reduce their sensor costs.
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These counterfeit and reprocessed sensors have led and may continue to lead to confusion with our genuine Masimo products, have reduced and may continue to reduce our revenue, and, in some cases, have harmed and may continue to harm our reputation if customers conclude incorrectly that these counterfeit or reprocessed sensors are original Masimo sensors.
In addition, we have expended a significant amount of time and expense investigating issues caused by counterfeit and reprocessed sensors, troubleshooting problems stemming from such sensors, educating customers about why counterfeit and reprocessed sensors do not perform to their expectations, enforcing our proprietary rights against the counterfeit manufacturers and reprocessors, and enforcing our contractual rights.
In response to these counterfeit sensors and third-party reprocessors, we have incorporated X-Cal® technology into certain products to ensure our customers get the performance they expect by using genuine Masimo sensors and that such sensors do not continue to be used beyond their useful life. However, some customers may object to the X-Cal® technology, potentially resulting in the loss of customers and revenues.
We also offer our own Masimo reprocessed sensors, which meet the same performance specifications as our new Masimo sensors, to our customers. Reprocessed sensors sold by us are also offered at a lower price and, therefore, may reduce certain customer demand for our new sensors. As a result, increased sales of our own Masimo reprocessed sensors may result in lower revenues, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Competition and other conflicts with our non-healthcare distribution partners could harm our business and operating results.
Several of our existing non-healthcare products compete, and future products may compete, with the product offerings of some of our significant channel and distribution partners. These partners may choose to market and promote their own products over ours or could cease or reduce selling or promoting our products. Any reduction in our ability to place and promote our non-healthcare products, or increased competition from our distribution partners for available shelf or website placement, especially during peak retail sales periods, could adversely affect our non-healthcare business. In addition, the expansion of our direct-to-consumer channel in our non-healthcare business through our brand websites could increase our competition with our channel partners and cause these partners to reduce their purchases of our non-healthcare products. Conflicts in our sales channels could arise and cause channel partners to divert resources away from the promotion and sale of our products. Any of these situations could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain of our non-healthcare products are dependent on integrations with third-party technology.
We integrate our non-healthcare products with technologies from third-parties, some of which have developed or may develop and sell competitive products. If these third-parties view us as a competitive threat, they may cease doing business with us or disable (or require us to disable) the technology they integrate into our products. If one or more of these third-parties do not maintain their integration with our products or seek to adversely modify the terms under which they provide integration in a manner that is unacceptable to us, our products may lose important functionality, our reputation may be harmed, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be damaged.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
*If the patents we own or license, or our other intellectual property rights, do not adequately protect our technologies, we may lose market share to our competitors and be unable to operate our business profitably.
Our success depends significantly on our ability to protect our rights to the technologies used in our products. Our utilization of patent protection, trade secrets and a combination of copyright and trademark laws, as well as nondisclosure, confidentiality and other contractual arrangements, to protect our intellectual property afford us only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or maintain any competitive advantage.
Certain of our patents related to our technologies have begun to expire. Upon the expiration of our issued or licensed patents, we generally lose some of our rights to exclude competitors from making, using, selling or importing products using the technology based on the expired patents.
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Furthermore, in recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases and several laws have been enacted that, in certain situations, potentially narrow the scope of patent protection available and weaken the rights of patent owners. As a result, we believe large technology companies may be pursuing an “efficient infringement” strategy, having concluded that it is cheaper to infringe third-party intellectual property rights than to acquire, license or otherwise respect them. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in securing additional patents on commercially desirable improvements, that such additional patents will adequately protect our innovations or offset the effect of expiring patents, or that competitors will not be able to design around our patents.
In addition, third-parties have challenged, and may continue to challenge, our issued patents through procedures such as Inter-Partes Review (IPR). In many IPR challenges, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) cancels or significantly narrows issued patent claims. IPR challenges could increase the uncertainties and costs associated with the maintenance, enforcement and defense of our issued and future patents and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, changes in patent law and regulations in other countries or jurisdictions or changes in the governmental bodies that enforce them or changes in how the relevant governmental authority enforces patent laws or regulations may weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce patents that we have licensed or that we may obtain in the future. For example, the complexity and uncertainty of European patent laws have also increased in recent years. In Europe, in June 2023, a new unitary patent system was introduced, which will significantly impact European patents, including those granted before the introduction of the system. Under the unitary patent system, after a European patent is granted, the patent proprietor can request unitary effect, thereby getting a European patent with unitary Effect (Unitary Patent). Each Unitary Patent is subject to the jurisdiction of the Unitary Patent Court (UPC). As the UPC is a new court system, there is no precedent for the court, increasing the uncertainty of any litigation. Patents granted before the implementation of the UPC will have the option of opting out of the jurisdiction of the UPC and remaining as national patents in the UPC countries. Patents that remain under the jurisdiction of the UPC may be potentially vulnerable to a single UPC-based revocation challenge that, if successful, could invalidate the patent in all countries who are signatories to the UPC. We cannot predict with certainty the long-term effects of the new unitary patent system.
We also utilize unpatented proprietary technology and know-how and often rely on confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees, OEM partners, independent distributors and consultants to protect such unpatented proprietary technology and know-how. However, such agreements may not be enforceable or may not provide meaningful protection for our proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of the agreements, or in the event that our competitors discover or independently develop similar or identical designs or other proprietary information.
We rely on the use of registered and common law trademarks with respect to our brands and the names of some of our products. Common law trademarks provide less protection than registered trademarks. Loss of rights in our trademarks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If third-parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling certain products.
Searching for existing intellectual property rights may not reveal important intellectual property and our competitors may also have filed for patent protection, which may not be publicly-available information, or claimed trademark rights that have not been revealed through our searches. In addition, some of our employees were previously employed at our competitors. We may be subject to claims that our employees have disclosed, or that we have used, trade secrets or other proprietary information of our employees’ former employers. Our efforts to identify and avoid infringing on third-parties’ intellectual property rights may not always be successful. Any claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement against us, even those without merit, could:
•be expensive and time-consuming to defend and result in payment of significant damages to third-parties;
•force us to stop making or selling products that incorporate the intellectual property;
•require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrand our products, product candidates and technologies;
•require us to enter into royalty agreements that would increase the costs of our products;
•require us to indemnify third-parties pursuant to contracts in which we have agreed to provide indemnification for intellectual property infringement claims;
•divert the attention of our management and other key employees; and
•result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of the affected products impacted by the claims until the claims are resolved;
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any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, new patents obtained by our competitors could threaten the continued commercialization of our products in the market even after they have already been introduced.
*We believe competitors may currently be violating and may in the future violate our intellectual property rights. As a result, we may initiate litigation to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, which may result in substantial expense and may divert management’s attention from implementing our business strategy.
We believe that the success of our business depends, in part, on obtaining patent protection for our products and technologies, defending our patents and preserving our trade secrets. We were previously involved in significant litigation to protect our patent positions related to some of our pulse oximetry signal processing patents that resulted in various settlements. We believe some of the new market entrants in the healthcare and monitoring space, including some of the world’s largest technology companies, and some consumer audio companies may be infringing our intellectual property, and we may be required to engage in additional litigation to protect our intellectual property in the future. In addition, we believe that certain individuals who previously held high level technical and clinical positions with us misappropriated our intellectual property for the benefit of themselves and other companies. For example, on January 9, 2020, we initiated litigation against Apple Inc. for infringement of a number of patents, for trade secret misappropriation and for ownership and correction of inventorship of a number of Apple Inc. patents that list one of our former employees as an inventor. A trial on the trade secret, ownership, and inventorship claims was held from April 4, 2023 through May 1, 2023. On May 1, 2023, the court declared a mistrial because the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict. A new trial has not yet been scheduled. In addition, on June 30, 2021, we filed a complaint with the ITC against Apple Inc. for infringement of a number of other patents. On October 20, 2022, Apple filed two complaints against us and Sound United alleging that the Masimo W1™ watch infringes a number of patents. On January 10, 2023, an Administrative Law Judge ruled that Apple Inc. violated Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, by importing and selling within the United States certain Apple Watches with light-based pulse oximetry functionality and components, which infringe one of our pulse oximeter patents. For additional information related to these litigations, please see Note 24, “Commitments and Contingencies”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our ongoing and future litigation could result in significant additional costs and further divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations and the implementation of our business strategy and may not be successful or adequate to protect our intellectual property rights.
The laws of foreign countries may not adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
Intellectual property protection laws in foreign countries differ substantially from those in the U.S. If we fail to apply for intellectual property protection in foreign countries, or if we cannot adequately protect our intellectual property rights in these foreign countries, our competitors may be able to compete more effectively against us, which could adversely affect our competitive position, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment
Our failure to obtain and maintain FDA clearances or approvals on a timely basis, or at all, would prevent us from commercializing our current, upgraded or new healthcare products in the U.S., which could severely harm our business.
Unless an exemption applies, each medical device that we market in the U.S. must first undergo premarket review pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) by receiving clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification, receiving clearance through the de novo classification review process or obtaining approval of a premarket approval (PMA) application. Even if regulatory clearance or approval of a product is granted, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may clear or approve our products only for limited indications for use. Additionally, the FDA may not grant 510(k) clearance on a timely basis, if at all, for new products or new uses that we propose for Masimo SET® or licensed rainbow® technology.
The traditional FDA 510(k) clearance process for our medical devices has generally taken between four to nine months. However, our more recent experience and interactions with the FDA, along with information we have received from other medical device manufacturers, suggests that, in some cases, the FDA is requiring applicants to provide additional or different information and data for 510(k) clearance than it had previously required, and that the FDA may not rely on approaches that it had previously accepted to support 510(k) clearance. As a result, FDA 510(k) clearance can be delayed for our products in some cases.
To support our product applications to the FDA, we frequently are required to conduct clinical testing of our products. Such clinical testing must be conducted in compliance with FDA requirements pertaining to human research. Among other requirements, we must obtain informed consent from study subjects and approval by institutional review boards before such studies may begin. We must also comply with other FDA requirements such as monitoring, record-keeping, reporting and the submission of information regarding certain clinical trials to a public database maintained by the National Institutes of Health.
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In addition, if the study involves a significant risk device, we are required to obtain the FDA’s approval of the study under an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE). Compliance with these requirements can require significant time and resources. In addition, public health emergencies and other extraordinary circumstances may disrupt the conduct of our clinical trials. If the FDA determines that we have not complied with such requirements, the FDA may refuse to consider the data to support our applications or may initiate enforcement actions.
Even though 510(k) clearances have been obtained, if safety or effectiveness problems are identified with our products, we may need to initiate a recall of such products. Furthermore, our new products or significantly modified marketed products could be denied 510(k) clearance and be required to undergo the more burdensome PMA or de novo classification review processes. The process of obtaining a de novo classification or PMA approval is much more costly, lengthy and uncertain than the process for obtaining 510(k) clearance.
De novo classification review generally takes six months to one year from the time of submission of the de novo request, although it can take longer. Approval of a PMA generally takes one year from the time of submission of the PMA, but may be longer.
We sell consumer versions of our iSpO 2® and MightySat® pulse oximeters that are not intended for medical use. Some of our products or product features may not be subject to the 510(k) process and/or other regulatory requirements in accordance with specific FDA guidance and policies, such as the FDA guidance related to mobile medical applications. In additions, some of our products or product features may not be subject to device regulation pursuant to Section 520(o) of the FDCA, which excludes certain software functions from the statutory definition of a device. If the FDA changes its policies or concludes that our marketing of these products is not in accordance with its current policies and/or Section 520(o) of the FDCA, we may be required to seek clearance or approval of these devices through the 510(k), de novo classification review or PMA processes.
The failure of our OEM partners to obtain required FDA clearances or approvals for products that incorporate our healthcare technologies could have a negative impact on our revenue.
Our healthcare OEM partners are required to obtain their own FDA clearances in the U.S. for most products incorporating our technologies. The FDA clearances we have obtained may not make it easier for our OEM partners to obtain clearances of products incorporating these technologies, or the FDA may not grant clearances on a timely basis, if at all, for any future products incorporating our technologies that our OEM partners propose to market.
If we or our suppliers fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, these products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.
Our healthcare products, along with the manufacturing processes, labeling and promotional activities for those products, are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. Among other requirements, we and certain of our suppliers are required to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (QSR), which governs the methods and documentation of the design, control testing, production, component suppliers control, quality assurance, complaint handling, labeling control, packaging, storage and shipping of our healthcare products. The FDA enforces the QSR through announced and unannounced inspections. We are also subject to similar state requirements and licenses.
In addition to the FDA, from time to time we are subject to inspections by the California Food and Drug Branch, international regulatory authorities and other similar governmental agencies. The standards used by these regulatory authorities are complex and may differ from those used by the FDA.
Failure by us or one of our suppliers to comply with statutes and regulations administered by the FDA and other regulatory bodies or failure to adequately respond to any FDA Form 483 observations, any California Food and Drug Branch notices of violation or any similar reports could result in, among other things, any of the following:
•warning letters or untitled letters issued by the FDA;
•fines, civil penalties, in rem forfeiture proceedings, injunctions, consent decrees and criminal prosecution;
•import alerts;
•unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions;
•delays in clearing or approving, or refusal to clear or approve, our products;
•withdrawals or suspensions of clearance or approval of our products or those of our third-party suppliers by the FDA or other regulatory bodies;
•product recalls or seizures;
•orders for physician notification or device repair, replacement or refund;
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•interruptions of production or inability to export to certain foreign countries; and
•operating restrictions.
In addition, many of our healthcare and non-healthcare products are subject to various laws, regulations and legal requirements, including those governing consumer protection, product import and export, hazardous materials usage and discharge, product related energy consumption, electrical safety, wireless emissions, e-commerce, packaging and recycling. Compliance with these requirements, which vary widely depending on jurisdiction, is time consuming and expensive.
If we fail to comply with applicable legal requirements, it would harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to obtain regulatory authorizations in foreign jurisdictions may prevent us from marketing our products abroad.
We currently market and intend to continue to market our products internationally. Outside of the U.S., we can generally market our healthcare products only if we receive a marketing authorization (and/or meet certain pre-marketing requirements) and, in some cases, pricing approval, from the appropriate regulatory authorities. The regulatory registration/licensing process varies among international jurisdictions and may require additional or different product testing than required to obtain FDA clearance. FDA clearance does not ensure new product registration/licensing by foreign regulatory authorities, and we may be unable to obtain foreign regulatory registration/licensing on a timely basis, if at all.
In addition, clearance by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure clearance by any other foreign regulatory authority or by the FDA. If we fail to receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in foreign jurisdictions on a timely basis, or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Furthermore, foreign regulatory requirements may change from time to time, which could adversely affect our ability to market new products, and/or continue to market existing products, internationally. Certain significant changes in the international regulatory landscape have recently taken place or will take place in the near future. These include the new EU Medical Devices Regulation (EU) 2017/745 (MDR), which came into effect on May 26, 2021 and a regulatory regime in the UK effective since January 1, 2021 as a result of the UK’s exit from the EU (Brexit).
Modifications to our marketed medical devices may require new regulatory clearances or premarket approvals, or may require us to cease marketing or to recall the modified devices until clearances or approvals are obtained.
We have made modifications to our medical devices in the past and we may make additional modifications in the future. Any modification to a medical device that is cleared by the FDA that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness or that could constitute a major change in its intended use would require a new clearance or approval and certain modifications to devices cleared or approved by foreign regulatory authorities may also require a new clearance or approval.
We may not be able to obtain such clearances or approvals in a timely fashion, or at all. Delays in obtaining future clearances would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
For device modifications that we conclude do not require a new regulatory clearance or approval, we may be required to recall and to stop marketing the modified devices if the government agency disagrees with our conclusion and requires new clearances or approvals for the modifications. This could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the FDA issued enforcement policies under which the agency said it will not require clearance of a new 510(k) for certain modifications to 510(k)-cleared non-invasive vital-sign patient monitoring devices. However, these policies remain in effect only during the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturers that make modifications pursuant to these policies will need to stop marketing the modifications at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic unless the manufacturer receives 510(k) clearance for the modifications. We may not be able to obtain such clearances or approvals in a timely fashion, or at all for production modification that were made during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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*Regulatory reforms may impact our ability to develop and commercialize our healthcare products and technologies.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced by governments that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of medical devices. For example, in December 2022, Congress enacted the Food and Drug Omnibus Reform Act of 2022 (FDORA). FDORA reauthorized the FDA to collect device user fees and contained substantive amendments to the device provisions of the FDCA. Among other changes, FDORA requires premarket submissions for “cyber devices” to include plans to address postmarket cybersecurity vulnerabilities and exploits and other cybersecurity-related information. FDORA also imposes a new requirement for sponsors of medical device clinical trials to develop diversity action plans that must be submitted to the FDA with an IDE application, if an IDE is required for the study, or in the marketing application for the device if an IDE application is not required. The statute also authorizes the FDA to approve or clear predetermined change control plans in PMAs or 510(k) premarket notifications, and once such a plan is approved or cleared, then a supplemental PMA or a new 510(k) is not required for a change to a device that is consistent with such approved or cleared plan.
In addition, regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the government agency in ways that may significantly affect our business or products. Future regulatory changes could make it more difficult for us to obtain or maintain approval to develop and commercialize our products and technologies. Public health emergencies may also prompt temporary or permanent regulatory reforms that could change the processes governing the clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of medical devices.
In the EU, for example, the new MDR became applicable to our medical devices on May 26, 2021. The MDR requires medical devices and their manufacturers to comply with more stringent standards than before. The MDR also imposes new and enhanced obligations on importers and distributors of medical devices in the EU. Although the MDR is subject to certain transitional periods, both we and others involved in the distribution and commercialization of our medical devices in the EU will need to comply with more stringent EU rules.
Due to Brexit, from January 1, 2021, a new regulatory framework applies to medical devices commercialized in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). This is now separate from the regime in the EU. Although certain transition periods apply, the medical devices we intend to commercialize in Great Britain may in the future need to conform to different requirements than the requirements in the EU. These factors are likely to add more complexity to our regulatory compliance obligations in Europe and our ability to commercialize medical devices in European markets.
If our healthcare products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, we will be subject to medical device reporting regulations and other applicable laws, and may need to initiate voluntary or mandatory corrective actions, such as the recall of our healthcare products.
Regulatory agencies in many countries require us to report anytime our healthcare products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. For example, under the FDA medical device reporting regulations, we are required to report to the FDA any incident in which a product of ours may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or in which a product of ours malfunctioned and, if the malfunction were to recur, would be likely to cause or contribute to death or serious injury. In addition, all manufacturers placing medical devices on the market in the EU are legally required to report any serious or potentially serious incidents involving devices produced or sold by the manufacturer to the relevant authority in those jurisdictions where any such incident occurred.
The FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities have the authority to require the recall of our commercialized healthcare products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in, for example, design, labeling or manufacture. The FDA must find that there is a reasonable probability that the device would cause serious adverse health consequences or death in order to require a recall. The standard for recalling deficient products may be different in foreign jurisdictions. Manufacturers may, under their own initiative, recall a product if any material deficiency is found in a device or they become aware of a safety issue involving a marketed product. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us or by one of our distributors could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors, design or labeling defects or other deficiencies and issues.
We may initiate certain field actions, such as a product correction or removal of our products in the future. In addition, third- parties that commercialize products incorporating our technologies may initiate similar actions or product corrections. Any correction or removal initiated by us to reduce a health risk posed by our device, or to remedy a violation of the FDCA or other regulations caused by the device that may present a risk to health, must be reported to the FDA. If the FDA subsequently determines that a report was required for a correction or removal of our products that we did not believe required a report, we could be subject to enforcement actions.
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In addition, our non-healthcare products, including components we source from third parties, may be found to have design or manufacturing defects. Such defects may result in additional costs for product modifications, voluntary or mandated product recalls or other liabilities resulting from product malfunctions. For example, defects in our audio products may result in overheating or electrical shock, creating a risk of personal injury or property damage.
Any recalls or corrections of our products or third-party products that incorporate our technologies, or enforcement actions would divert managerial and financial resources and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, given our dependence upon patient, physician and consumer perceptions, any negative publicity associated with any recalls could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Promotion of our healthcare products using claims that are off-label, unsubstantiated, false or misleading could subject us to substantial penalties.
Obtaining 510(k) clearance permits us to promote our products for the uses cleared by the FDA. Use of a device outside its cleared or approved indications is known as “off-label” use. Physicians may use our products off-label because the FDA does not restrict or regulate a physician’s choice of treatment within the practice of medicine, but we may not promote our products “off-label”. While we may request additional cleared indications for our current products, the FDA may deny those requests, require additional expensive clinical data to support any additional indications or impose limitations on the intended use of any cleared product as a condition of clearance. If the FDA determines that our products were promoted for off-label use or that false, misleading or inadequately substantiated promotional claims have been made by us or our OEM partners, it could request that we or our OEM partners modify those promotional materials or it could take regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine and criminal penalties. While certain U.S. courts have held that truthful, non-misleading, off-label information is protected under the First Amendment under certain circumstances, the FDA continues to take the position that off-label promotion is subject to enforcement action.
It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities may take action if they consider our communications, including promotional or training materials, to constitute promotion of an uncleared or unapproved use. If not successfully defended, enforcement actions related to off-label promotion could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. In any such event, our reputation could be damaged, adoption of our products could be impaired and we could be subject to extensive fines and penalties.
Additionally, we must have adequate substantiation for the claims we make for our products. If any of our claims are determined to be false, misleading or deceptive, our products could be considered misbranded under the FDCA or in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act. We could also face lawsuits from our competitors under the Lanham Act alleging that our marketing materials are false or misleading.
Government agencies in the EU, UK, Japan and other countries and jurisdictions have similar regulations on the advertising and promotion of medical devices. If we fail to comply with any of these regulations, our reputation could be damaged, adoption of our products could be impaired and we could be subject to extensive fines and penalties.
The regulatory environment governing information, data security and privacy is increasingly demanding and evolving. Many of the laws and regulations in this area are subject to uncertain interpretation, and our failure to comply could result in claims, penalties or increased costs or otherwise harm our business.
Personal privacy and data security have become significant issues in the U.S., Europe, the Middle East, Canada, China and many other jurisdictions where we offer our products. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.
Several U.S. states have passed comprehensive privacy laws that have gone or will go into effect in 2023. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) amended and expanded the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) effective January 1, 2023. Other states have also enacted data privacy laws, including the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, the Colorado Privacy Act, Utah’s Consumer Privacy Act, and the Connecticut Data Privacy Act, all of which became or will become effective in 2023. These state laws govern the processing of residents’ personal information. Among many new requirements, some of the state privacy laws expand consumers’ rights (such as opting out of certain data sales to third parties and targeted advertising, restricting certain uses and disclosures of sensitive data, and requesting access, deletion, or correction of personal information). These state laws also minimize what data that can be collected from consumers and how businesses may use and disclose it. These state privacy laws also require businesses to make disclosures to consumers about data collection, use and sharing practices. In addition, some of these laws (including the CPRA) subject health-related information to additional safeguards and disclosures and some specifically regulate consumer health data, such as the Washington My Health My Data Act, which will become effective in 2024. There is significant uncertainty regarding how regulators will interpret and enforce this patchwork of new laws, particularly to the extent there are inconsistencies or differences in their requirements.
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We continue to be subject to federal privacy laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) in connection with any personal health information or medical information that we may obtain or have access to in connection with the operation of our business. Moreover, a comprehensive federal data privacy legislation has been proposed and, if passed, will further change the privacy and data security compliance landscape. In addition, on July 26, 2023, the SEC adopted rules requiring registrants to disclose material cybersecurity incidents they experience and to disclose on an annual basis material information regarding their cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance.
All 50 U.S. states have data breach notification laws that, if violated, could result in penalties, fines and litigation. In addition, many states have implemented or are in the process of implementing related legislation, including state-specific biometric privacy laws that have resulted in class-action lawsuits against businesses. The full impact of these laws on our business is yet to be determined, but it could result in increased operating expenses as well as additional exposure to the risk of litigation by or on behalf of consumers.
Internationally, in 2022, the European Data Protection Board released new guidelines on enforcement and fines related to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The new guidelines suggest a tougher stance on enforcement and stiffer fines for companies that violate the GDPR. This is in addition to the continued complexities involving the transfer of personal data from Europe to the U.S. following the Schrems II decision. On July 10, 2023, the European Commission adopted its adequacy decision on the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“DPF”). The decision, which took effect on the day of its adoption, concludes that the United States ensures an adequate level of protection for personal data transferred from the EEA to companies certified to the DPF. However, it is too soon to tell how the future of Privacy Shield 2.0 will evolve and what impact it will have on our international activities. The new framework is expected to be challenged in the EU now that is has been approved. Fortunately, the new framework is just one possible mechanism to transfer personal data; other mechanisms remain available to us, including reliance upon standard contractual clauses.
Further, Brexit has led and could also lead to legislative and regulatory changes that may increase our compliance costs. As of January 1, 2021 and the expiry of transitional arrangements agreed to between the UK and the EU, data processing in the UK is governed by a UK version of the GDPR (combining the GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018), exposing us to two parallel regimes, each of which authorizes similar fines and other potentially divergent enforcement actions for certain violations. On June 28, 2021, the European Commission adopted an Adequacy Decision for the UK, allowing for the relatively free exchange of personal information between the EU and the UK, (as the UK correspondingly allows transfers back to the EU). However, the European Commission may suspend the Adequacy Decision if it considers that the UK no longer provides for an adequate level of data protection. There are no signs as yet that the European Commission will take that step, which would be unprecedented.
Other international jurisdictions, including Canada, China, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, the UAE, and Brazil, among others, have also implemented laws relating to data privacy and protection that are all already in effect or are anticipated to go into effect in 2023. In 2023, we anticipate Australia, Argentina and India to propose new data privacy and protection laws. In addition, several jurisdictions such as South Korea have shown increased enforcement of their existing data privacy and security laws. Although we believe that we are complying with the GDPR and similar laws, these laws are still relatively new. Therefore, as international data privacy and protection laws continue to evolve, and as new regulations, interpretive guidance and enforcement information become available, we may incur incremental costs to modify our business practices to comply with these requirements. In addition, our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless, intentional or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents.
We may be required to make costly system modifications to comply with applicable data privacy and security laws. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could subject us to criminal or civil, monetary or and non-monetary penalties, disrupt our operations, involve significant management distraction, negatively impact our brand image, subject us to class action lawsuits and result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to or otherwise affected by federal and state healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse laws, and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with these laws.
Healthcare fraud and abuse laws potentially applicable to our operations include, but are not limited to:
•the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving any bribe, kickback or other remuneration intended to induce the purchase, order or recommendation of an item or service reimbursable under a federal healthcare program (such as the Medicare or Medicaid programs);
•the federal False Claims Act and other federal laws which prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, other government payers or other third-party payers that are false or fraudulent;
•the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires medical device companies to track and publicly report, with limited exceptions, all payments and transfers of value to certain healthcare professionals and teaching hospitals in the U.S.; and
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•state laws analogous to each of the above federal laws, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws that may apply to items or services reimbursed by governmental programs and non-governmental third-party payers, including commercial insurers.
If we are found to have violated any such laws or other similar governmental regulations, including their foreign counterparts, that are directly or indirectly applicable to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion of our products from reimbursement under Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Any penalties could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against such action, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business.
U.S. and international legislative and regulatory changes in the healthcare industry could have a negative impact on our financial performance.
Changes in the healthcare industry in the U.S. and abroad could adversely affect the demand for our products and the way in which we conduct our business. For example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the ACA), enacted in 2010, required most individuals to have health insurance, established new regulations on health plans, created insurance-pooling mechanisms and reduced Medicare spending on services provided by hospitals and other providers. The long-term viability of the ACA, and its impact on our business and results of operations, remains uncertain. There have also been U.S. Congressional actions to repeal and replace the ACA, and future actions are expected. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), among other things, eliminated the individual mandate requiring most Americans (other than those who qualify for a hardship exemption) to carry a minimum level of health coverage effective January 1, 2019.
Although we cannot predict the ultimate content or timing of any healthcare reform legislation or other court challenges to the ACA, potential changes resulting from any amendment, repeal, replacement or invalidation of these programs, including any reduction in the future availability of healthcare insurance benefits, may decrease the number of people who are insured, which could adversely affect our business and future results of operations.
Our medical devices and business activities are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and other federal, state and international governmental authorities. These authorities and members of Congress have been increasing their scrutiny over the medical device industry. In recent years, Congress, the Department of Justice, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense have issued subpoenas and other requests for information to medical device manufacturers, primarily related to financial arrangements with healthcare providers, regulatory compliance and marketing and product promotional practices. Furthermore, certain state governments have enacted legislation to limit and/or increase transparency of interactions with healthcare providers, pursuant to which we are required by law to disclose payments and other transfers of value to healthcare providers licensed by certain states.
We anticipate that the government will continue to scrutinize the healthcare industry closely, and any new regulations or statutory provisions could result in delays or increased costs during the periods of product development, clinical trials and regulatory review and approval, as well as increased costs to assure compliance.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
We may experience conflicts of interest with Cercacor with respect to business opportunities and other matters.
Prior to our initial public offering in August 2007, our stockholders owned 99% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Cercacor, and we believe that a number of our stockholders, including certain of our directors and executive officers, continue to own shares of Cercacor stock. Joe Kiani, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), is also the Chairman and CEO of Cercacor.
Due to the interrelated nature of Cercacor with us, conflicts of interest may arise with respect to transactions involving business dealings between us and Cercacor, potential acquisitions of businesses or products, the development and ownership of technologies and products, the sale of products, markets and other matters in which our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders may conflict with the best interests of the stockholders of Cercacor. In addition, we and Cercacor may disagree regarding the interpretation of certain terms in the Cross-Licensing Agreement. We cannot guarantee that any conflict of interest will be resolved in our favor, or that, with respect to our transactions with Cercacor, we will negotiate terms that are as favorable to us as if such transactions were with another third-party.
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We will be required to assign to Cercacor and pay Cercacor for the right to use certain products and technologies we develop that relate to the monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET®.
Under the Cross-Licensing Agreement, if we develop certain products or technologies that relate to the noninvasive monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET® for the noninvasive monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, we would be required to assign these developments to Cercacor and then license the technology back from Cercacor in consideration for upfront payments and royalty obligations to Cercacor. Therefore, these products and technologies would be deemed to have been developed or improved exclusively by Cercacor.
In addition, we will not be reimbursed by Cercacor for our expenses relating to the development or improvement of any such products or technologies, which expenses may be significant. As a result of these terms, we may not generate any revenue from the further development of certain products and technologies for the monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET®, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In the event that the Cross-Licensing Agreement is terminated for any reason, or Cercacor grants a license to rainbow® technology to a third-party, our business would be adversely affected.
Cercacor owns all of the proprietary rights to certain rainbow® technology developed with our proprietary Masimo SET® for products intended to be used in the “Cercacor Market”, and all rights to any non-vital signs measurement for which we do not exercise an option pursuant to the Cross-Licensing Agreement. In addition, Cercacor has the right to terminate the Cross-Licensing Agreement or grant licenses covering rainbow® technology to third-parties if we breach certain terms of the agreement, including any failure to meet our minimum royalty payment obligations or failure to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop or market products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology. If we lose our exclusive license to rainbow® technology, we would lose the ability to prevent others from making, using, selling or importing products using rainbow® technology in our market. As a result, we would likely be subject to increased competition within our market, and Cercacor or competitors who obtain a license to rainbow® technology from Cercacor would be able to offer related products.
We may not be able to commercialize our products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology cost-effectively or successfully.
As a result of the royalties that we must pay to Cercacor, it is generally more expensive for us to make products that incorporate licensed rainbow® technology than products that do not include licensed rainbow® technology.
Accordingly, we may not be able to sell products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology at a price the market is willing to accept. If we cannot commercialize our products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology successfully, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from these products to be profitable, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Rights provided to Cercacor in the Cross-Licensing Agreement may impede a change in control of our company.
Under the Cross-Licensing Agreement, a change in control includes the resignation or termination of Joe Kiani from his position as CEO of either Masimo or Cercacor. A change in control also includes other customary events, such as the sale or merger of Masimo or Cercacor to a non-affiliated third-party or the acquisition of 50% or more of the voting power of Masimo or Cercacor by a non-affiliated third-party.
Among other things, the Cross-Licensing Agreement provides that if the surviving or acquiring entity ceases to use “Masimo” as a company name and trademark following a change in control, all rights to the “Masimo” trademark will automatically be assigned to Cercacor. This could delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in control of us, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over our then-current trading price. In addition, our requirement to assign all future improvements for non-vital signs to Cercacor could impede a change in control of our company.
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If we are unable to obtain key materials and components from sole or limited source suppliers, we will not be able to deliver our products to customers.
We depend on certain sole or limited source suppliers for certain key materials and components, including digital signal processor chips and analog-to-digital converter chips for certain products. These suppliers are located around the world, and the production and shipment of such materials and components may be constrained globally due to freight carrier delays and other disruptions to the supply chain. We may experience manufacturing problems related to these suppliers and other outside sources if such suppliers fail to develop, manufacture or ship products and components to us on a timely basis, or provide us with products and components that do not meet our quality standards and required quantities. We experienced supply constraints with regard to certain digital signal processor chips and other components during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected our sales during 2022, and may adversely affect our future sales. In addition, from time to time there have been industry-wide shortages of certain components that we use in certain products. We may also experience price increases for materials, components and shipping with no guarantee that such increases can be passed along to our customers, which could adversely impact our gross margins.
If any of these problems occur, we may be unable to obtain substitute sources for these products and components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, which could harm our ability to manufacture our own products and components profitably or on time.
Future strategic initiatives, including acquisitions of businesses and strategic investments, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if we fail to integrate the acquired businesses and their employees successfully into our existing operations or achieve the desired results of our initiatives.
We have acquired several businesses since our inception and we may acquire additional businesses in the future. For example, on April 11, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Sound United. In connection with the Sound United acquisition, on April 11, 2022, we entered into a Credit Facility to partially fund the acquisition. Future acquisitions may require additional debt or equity financing, which could be dilutive to our existing stockholders or reduce our earnings per share or other financial metrics. Even if we complete acquisitions, there are many factors that could affect whether such acquisition, including our acquisition of Sound United, will be beneficial to our business, including, without limitation:
•payment of above-market prices for acquisitions and higher than anticipated acquisition costs;
•issuance of common stock as part of the acquisition price or a need to issue stock options or other equity-based compensation to newly-hired employees of target companies, resulting in dilution of ownership to our existing stockholders;
•reduced profitability if an acquisition is not accretive to our business over either the short-term or the long-term;
•difficulties in integrating any acquired companies, personnel, products and other assets into our existing business;
•delays in realizing the benefits of the acquired company, products or other assets;
•regulatory challenges and becoming subject to additional regulatory requirements;
•cybersecurity and compliance-related issues;
•diversion of our management’s time and attention from other business concerns;
•limited or no direct prior experience in new markets or countries we may enter;
•unanticipated issues dealing with unfamiliar suppliers, service providers or other collaborators of the acquired company;
•higher costs of integration than we anticipated;
•write-downs or impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets associated with the acquired company;
•difficulties in retaining key employees of the acquired business who are necessary to manage these acquisitions;
•negative impacts on our relationships with our employees, clients, customers or collaborators;
•intellectual property and other litigation, other claims or liabilities in connection with the acquisition; and
•changes in the overall financial model as certain acquired companies may have a different revenue, gross profit margin or operating expense profile.
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Further, our ability to benefit from future acquisitions and/or external strategic investments depends on our ability to successfully conduct due diligence, negotiate acceptable terms, evaluate prospective opportunities and bring acquired technologies and/or products to market at acceptable margins and operating expense levels. For example, we acquired TNI medical AG® (TNI®) and added softFlow® technology to our product portfolio. In addition, we acquired LiDCO Group, Plc, which specializes in hemodynamic monitoring solutions. As these are our first therapeutic and hemodynamic monitoring solutions, the integration of these technologies may require substantial management time and attention and may divert attention and resources from other important areas, including our existing business and product lines, and we may not be able to sell softFlow® technology and hemodynamic monitoring solutions at acceptable margins and operating expense levels. Our failure in any of these tasks could result in unforeseen liabilities associated with an acquired company, acquiring a company on unfavorable terms or selecting and eventually acquiring a suboptimal acquisition target.
We may also discover deficiencies in internal controls, data adequacy and integrity, product quality, regulatory compliance, product liabilities or other undisclosed liabilities that we did not uncover prior to our acquisition or investment, which could result in us becoming subject to penalties, other liabilities or asset impairments. In addition, if we do not achieve the anticipated benefits of an acquisition or other external investment as rapidly as expected, or at all, investors or analysts may downgrade our stock.
We also expect to continue to carry out internal strategic initiatives that we believe are necessary to grow our revenues and expand our business, both in the U.S. and abroad. For example, we have continued to invest in international expansion programs designed to increase our worldwide presence and take advantage of market expansion opportunities around the world. Although we believe our investments in these initiatives continue to be in the long-term best interests of Masimo and our stockholders, there are no assurances that such initiatives will yield favorable results for us. Accordingly, if these initiatives are not successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If these risks materialize, our stock price could be materially adversely affected. Any difficulties in the integration of acquired businesses or unexpected penalties, liabilities or asset impairments in connection with such acquisitions or investments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our new products and changes to existing products as a result of our acquisition of Sound United could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue and profits. Further, we may not be successful in our non-healthcare expansion, which could adversely affect our business, reputation or financial results.
In connection with the Sound United Acquisition, we have expanded our business and product strategy to additionally focus on non-healthcare consumer products to integrate with our successful medical technology businesses. Further, we may introduce certain changes to our existing healthcare products or introduce new and unproven products. Prior to the Sound United Acquisition, we did not have significant experience with consumer hardware products, and Sound United does not have experience with healthcare products, which may adversely affect our ability to successfully develop and market these products and technologies and integrate them with our existing products and platforms. We expect this will be a complex, evolving, and long-term strategic initiative that will involve the development of new and emerging technologies, continued investment in medical technology and consumer products, and collaboration with other companies, developers, partners and other participants. However, our non-healthcare business may not develop in accordance with our vision and expectations, and market acceptance of features, products or services we build for our consumer business may be uncertain. We may be unsuccessful in our research and product development efforts, including if we are unable to develop relationships with key participants in the consumer products business. Our new strategic efforts may also divert resources and management attention from other areas of our business. In addition, as our non-healthcare business continues to evolve, we may be subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the U.S. and international jurisdictions, which we were not previously affected by, including in the areas of privacy, which may delay or impede the development of our products and services, increase our operating costs, require significant management time and attention, or otherwise harm our business. As a result of these or other factors, our non-healthcare expansion and investments may not be successful in the foreseeable future, or at all, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results.
Our Credit Facility contains certain covenants and restrictions that may limit our flexibility in operating our business.
Our Credit Facility contains various affirmative covenants and restrictions that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions, including:
•incurring specified types of additional indebtedness, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any additional debt or equity financing at the time needed or that such financing will be available on terms that are favorable or acceptable to us (including guarantees or other contingent obligations);
•paying dividends on, repurchasing or making distributions in respect of our common stock or making other restricted payments, subject to specified exceptions;
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•making specified investments (including loans and advances);
•selling or transferring certain assets;
•creating certain liens;
•consolidating, merging, selling or otherwise disposing of all or substantially all of our assets; and
•entering into certain transactions with any of our affiliates.
In addition, under our Credit Facility, we are required to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other customary affirmative and negative covenants. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and affirmative and negative covenants could be affected by events beyond our control and, therefore, we cannot be assured that we will be able to continue to satisfy these requirements. A breach of any of these ratios or covenants could result in a default under our Credit Facility. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under our Credit Facility immediately due and payable, terminate all commitments to extend further credit and pursue legal remedies for recovery, all of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. See Note 15, “Debt”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our Credit Facility.
Further, if we do not achieve the anticipated benefits from the Sound United Acquisition, our ability to service our indebtedness may be adversely impacted. Even if we achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquisition, we may be required to raise substantial additional financing to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate purposes. Our ability to arrange additional financing and make payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness will depend on our future performance, which will be subject to general economic, financial, and business conditions as well as other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control.
Risks Related to Our Stock
*Concentration of ownership of our stock among our existing directors, executive officers and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
As of July 1, 2023, our current directors and executive officers and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 9.9% of our outstanding stock. Subject to any fiduciary duties owed to our other stockholders under Delaware law, these stockholders may be able to exercise significant influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, and will have some control over our management and policies in their roles as stockholders. Some of these persons or entities may have interests that are different from yours. For example, these stockholders may support proposals and actions with which you may disagree or which are not in your best interests.
The concentration of ownership could delay or prevent a change in control of us, or otherwise discourage a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could reduce the price of our stock.
In addition, these stockholders could use their voting influence to maintain our existing management and directors in office or support or reject other management and Board proposals that are subject to stockholder approval, such as amendments to our employee stock plans and approvals of significant financing transactions.
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*We may be unable to accurately forecast our financial and operating results and appropriately plan our expenses in the future or we may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance about our business and future operating results.
From time to time, we release earnings guidance or other financial guidance in our quarterly and annual earnings conference calls or otherwise, regarding our future performance that represents our management’s estimates as of the date of release. Our guidance includes forward-looking statements based on projections prepared by our management. Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that are based on information known when they are issued, and, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies relating to our business, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. Some of those key assumptions include broader macroeconomic conditions and the resulting impact of these factors on future consumer spending patterns and our business. These assumptions are inherently difficult to predict, particularly in the long term. Additionally, forecasted financial and operating results may differ materially from actual results, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and stock price. For example, if certain of our assumptions or estimates prove to be wrong, including any of the economic trends and developments affecting our business discussed in Part 1, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, this could cause us to miss our earnings guidance or negatively impact the results we report, either of which could negatively impact our stock price and expose us to potential shareholder litigation.
We generally state possible outcomes as high and low ranges which are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed but are not intended to imply that actual results could not fall outside of the suggested ranges. Furthermore, analysts and investors may develop and publish their own projections of our business, which may form a consensus about our future performance. Our actual business results may vary significantly from such guidance or estimates or that consensus due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including global economic uncertainty and financial market conditions, geopolitical events, rising inflation, and rising interest rates, potential recessionary factors, and foreign exchange rate volatility, which could adversely affect our business and future operating results. We use the reports and models of economic experts in making assumptions relating to consumer discretionary spending and predictions as to timing and pace of any future economic impacts. If these models are incorrect or incomplete, or if we fail to accurately predict the full impact of certain factors, such as macroeconomic factors, the guidance and other forward-looking statements we provide may also be incorrect or incomplete. Furthermore, if we make downward revisions of our previously announced guidance, or if our publicly announced guidance of future operating results fails to meet expectations of analysts, investors, or other interested parties, the price of our common stock could decline. Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions underlying the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely upon our guidance in making an investment decision regarding our common stock.
*Our corporate documents, and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, prevent attempts to replace or remove current management and reduce the market price of our stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board to issue up to 5.0 million shares of “blank check” preferred stock. As a result, without further stockholder approval, our Board has the authority to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock, including pursuant to a stockholder rights plan, such as those underlying the Rights Agreement we previously adopted on September 9, 2022, which we terminated in accordance with the terms of the Amendment to the Rights Agreement we entered into effective as of March 22, 2023. However, we may implement a new stockholder rights plan in the future, which may have the effect of discouraging or preventing a change in control by, among other things, making it uneconomical for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board. With such rights, preferred stockholders could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us.
In addition, our certificate of incorporation previously provided for a staggered Board, whereby directors serve for three-year terms, with one-third of the directors coming up for reelection each year. However, at our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders held on June 26, 2023, our stockholders approved an amendment to our certificate of incorporation, pursuant to which we will phase-in the declassification of our Board over four years, whereby all members of our Board that are elected after our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders would be elected for annual terms. Accordingly, the three-year term for the Class I directors elected at our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders will expire at our 2026 annual meeting of stockholders, the three-year term for the Class II directors elected at our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders will expire as originally scheduled at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders and the three-year term for the Class III directors elected at our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders will expire as originally scheduled at our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders. The implementation of the declassification of our Board will commence at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. Director nominees standing for election at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders and each annual meeting of stockholders thereafter will be elected to serve a one-year term. Beginning with our 2026 annual meeting of stockholders, all directors would stand for annual elections.
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We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (DGCL). Under these provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third-party from making a takeover offer and could delay or prevent a change in control of us. For purposes of these provisions, an “interested stockholder” generally means someone owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in the DGCL.
*Shareholder activism could cause us to incur significant expense, disrupt our business, result in a proxy contest or litigation and impact our stock price.
We have been subject to shareholder activism and may be subject to such activism in the future, which as before could result in substantial costs and divert management’s and our Board’s attention and resources from our business. Such shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with our employees, customers, or suppliers, make it more difficult to attract and retain key personnel, and result in a change in control pursuant to the employment agreement between us and Joe Kiani, our Chairman and CEO.
We value input from investors and regularly engage in dialogue with our stockholders regarding strategy and performance. Activist shareholders who disagree with the composition of our Board, our strategy or the way our Company is managed may seek to effect change through various strategies and channels, such as through commencing another proxy contest, making public statements critical of our performance or business or engaging in other similar activities. Responding to shareholder activism can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of management and our employees from our strategic initiatives, and we may be required to incur significant fees and other expenses related to activist shareholder matters, including for third-party advisors. For example, in 2022, Politan Capital Management LP and Politan Capital NY LLC and certain of their affiliates (Politan), acquired a material portion of our outstanding shares and filed a proxy statement with the SEC seeking an election of two of its nominees to our Board at our 2023 Annual Meeting. At the 2023 Annual Meeting held on June 26, 023, our stockholders voted to elect both nominees designated by Politan to serve on our Board. As a result of the contested director election, we incurred significant costs and delays in business relationships, as well as Board and management distraction during the fourth quarter of 2022 and the first half of 2023.
Politan may encourage others or on its own to conduct an additional proxy contest in connection with our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Responding to any future proxy contests from Politan or other activist shareholders is likely to be costly and time-consuming and could again divert management’s and our Board’s attention and resources from our business. This could have a material adverse effect on us for at least the following reasons:
•shareholders may attempt to effect changes in our strategic direction and governance or to acquire control over our Board or our Company;
•while we welcome the opinions of all shareholders, responding to proxy contests and related litigation by shareholders is likely to be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and potentially divert the attention of our Board, management team and other employees away from their regular duties and the pursuit of business opportunities to enhance shareholder value;
•perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of potential changes to the composition of our Board may lead to the perception of a change in the strategic direction of the business, the loss of key employees, including our executive officers, instability or lack of continuity, particularly if the activism campaign results in the appointment of one or more activist shareholders on the Board, which may cause concern to our existing or potential collaboration partners, employees and shareholders; may be exploited by our competitors; may result in the loss of potential business opportunities or limit our ability to timely initiate or advance clinical trials; and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners;
•if individuals are elected to our board of directors who have a specific agenda, including a plan to terminate our Chief Executive Officer or other executive officers, it may result in operational disruption and adversely affect our ability to effectively implement our strategic plan in a timely manner and create additional value for our shareholders; and
•the election of activist directors, including in the current instance where Politan, an affiliate of an activist director Quentin Koffey, has sued other members of our current Board, may create disruption at Board meetings and in Board deliberations and discussions;
•activist directors may make overly burdensome demands of Company management and materially and unnecessarily increase management’s workload; and
•proxy contests and related litigation by shareholders could cause significant fluctuations in our share price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.
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The occurrence of any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Exclusive forum provisions in our bylaws could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our bylaws provide that the state or federal courts located within the State of Delaware are the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees or stockholders to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, this choice of forum provision does not apply to (a) actions in which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware concludes that an indispensable party is not subject to the jurisdiction of Delaware courts, or (b) actions in which a federal court has assumed exclusive jurisdiction to a proceeding. This choice of forum provision is not intended to apply to any actions brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees or stockholders, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees or stockholders.
Furthermore, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
General Risk Factors
*We may experience significant fluctuations in our periodic financial results and may not maintain our current levels of profitability in the future.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. Many of the countries in which we operate, including the U.S. and several of the members of the EU, have experienced and continue to experience uncertain economic conditions resulting from global as well as local factors. In addition, continuing uncertainty in the U.S. economy may result in continued inflationary pressures globally and in the U.S. in particular, which may contribute to future interest rate volatility.
Our business or financial results may be adversely impacted by these uncertain economic conditions, including: adverse changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, tax laws or tax rates; inflation; contraction in the availability of credit in the marketplace due to legislation or other economic conditions, which may potentially impair our ability to access the capital markets on terms acceptable to us or at all; changes in consumer spending during a recession; and the effects of government initiatives to manage economic conditions.
We are also unable to predict how changing global economic conditions or potential global health concerns will affect our critical customers, suppliers and distributors. Any negative impact of such matters on our critical customers, suppliers or distributors may also have an adverse impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future revenue levels and are relatively fixed in the short-term.
As a result, if our revenue for a particular period was below our expectations, we would not be able to proportionately reduce our operating expenses for that period. Any revenue shortfall would have a disproportionately negative effect on our operating results for the period.
In addition, the methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies are, by their nature, subject to substantial risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Factors may arise over time that lead us to change our methods, estimates and judgments, the impact of which could significantly affect our results of operations. See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” contained in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Recent accounting changes related to our embedded leases within certain deferred equipment agreements have also resulted in the acceleration of the timing related to our recognition of revenue and expenses associated with certain equipment provided to healthcare customers at no up-front charge. Since we cannot control the timing of when our customers will request us to deliver such equipment, our revenue and costs with respect to leased equipment could vary substantially in any given quarter or year, which could further increase quarterly or annual fluctuations within our financial results.
Due to these and other factors, you should not rely on our results for any one quarter as an indication of our future performance. If our operating results fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could drop suddenly and significantly.
*Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely affect our current and projected business operations and its financial condition and results of operations.
Actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, on March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as receiver. Similarly, on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank and Silvergate Capital Corp. were each swept into receivership. Although a statement by the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC stated all depositors of SVB would have access to all of their money after only one business day of closure, including funds held in uninsured deposit accounts, borrowers under credit agreements, letters of credit and certain other financial instruments with SVB, Signature Bank or any other financial institution that is placed into receivership by the FDIC may be unable to access undrawn amounts thereunder. Although we are not a borrower or party to any such instruments with SVB, Signature or any other financial institution currently in receivership, if any of our lenders or counterparties to any such instruments were to be placed into receivership, we may be unable to access such funds. In addition, counterparties to SVB credit agreements and arrangements, and third parties such as beneficiaries of letters of credit (among others), may experience direct impacts from the closure of SVB and uncertainty remains over liquidity concerns in the broader financial services industry. Similar impacts have occurred in the past, such as during the 2008-2010 financial crisis.
Although we assess our banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate, our access to funding sources and other credit arrangements in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, the financial institutions with which we have credit agreements or arrangements directly, or the financial services industry or economy in general. These factors could include, among others, events such as liquidity constraints or failures, the ability to perform obligations under various types of financial, credit or liquidity agreements or arrangements, disruptions or instability in the financial services industry or financial markets, or concerns or negative expectations about the prospects for companies in the financial services industry. These factors could involve financial institutions or financial services industry companies with which we have financial or business relationships, but could also include factors involving financial markets or the financial services industry generally.
The results of events or concerns that involve one or more of these factors could include a variety of material and adverse impacts on our current and projected business operations and our financial condition and results of operations. These could include, but may not be limited to, the following:
•delayed access to deposits or other financial assets or the uninsured loss of deposits or other financial assets;
•loss of access to revolving existing credit facilities or other working capital sources and/or the inability to refund, roll over or extend the maturity of, or enter into new credit facilities or other working capital resources;
•potential or actual breach of contractual obligations that require us to maintain letters or credit or other credit support arrangements;
•potential or actual breach of financial covenants in our credit agreements or credit arrangements;
•potential or actual cross-defaults in other credit agreements, credit arrangements or operating or financing agreements; or
•termination of cash management arrangements and/or delays in accessing or actual loss of funds subject to cash management arrangements.
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Any decline in available funding or access to our cash and liquidity resources could, among other risks, adversely impact our ability to meet our operating expenses, financial obligations or fulfill our other obligations, result in breaches of our financial and/or contractual obligations or result in violations of federal or state wage and hour laws. Any of these impacts, or any other impacts resulting from the factors described above or other related or similar factors not described above, could have material adverse impacts on our liquidity and our current and/or projected business operations and financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, any further deterioration in the macroeconomic economy or financial services industry could lead to losses or defaults by our customers or suppliers, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our current and/or projected business operations and results of operations and financial condition. For example, a customer may fail to make payments when due, default under their agreements with us, become insolvent or declare bankruptcy, or a supplier may determine that it will no longer deal with us as a customer. In addition, a customer or supplier could be adversely affected by any of the liquidity or other risks that are described above as factors that could result in material adverse impacts on our company, including but not limited to delayed access or loss of access to uninsured deposits or loss of the ability to draw on existing credit facilities involving a troubled or failed financial institution. Any customer or supplier bankruptcy or insolvency, or the failure of any customer to make payments when due, or any breach or default by a customer or supplier, or the loss of any significant supplier relationships, could result in material losses to our company and may have material adverse impacts on our business.
A regional or global recession and other negative macro-economic trends could adversely affect our consumer business.
Our consumer products are generally considered non-essential, discretionary products. As such, many of these products can be especially sensitive to general downturns in the economy. Negative macroeconomic conditions, such as high inflation, recession, changes to monetary policy, increasing interest rates and decreasing consumer confidence can adversely impact demand for these products, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Future changes in accounting pronouncements and tax laws, or the interpretation thereof, could have a significant impact on our reported results, and may affect our historical reporting of previous transactions.
New accounting pronouncements or taxation rules, and evolving interpretations thereof, have occurred and are likely to occur in the future. Future changes made by new accounting standards may apply prospectively or retrospectively, depending on the method of adoption, and may recast previously reported results. For additional information related to the impact of new accounting pronouncements, please see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In addition, future changes to the U.S. tax code and its regulations could have a material impact on our effective tax rate and the implementation of these changes could require us to make substantial changes to our business practices, allocate resources, and increase our costs, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our retirement and post-retirement pension benefit plans are subject to financial market risks that could adversely affect our future results of operations and cash flows.
We sponsor several defined benefit plans with post-retirement benefits to certain employees in certain international markets. These defined benefit plans are funded with trust assets invested in a diversified portfolio of securities and other investments. Changes in interest rates, mortality rates, early retirement rates, investment returns, discount rates and the market value of plan assets could affect the funded status of our defined benefit plan and post-retirement benefit obligations, causing volatility in the net periodic benefit cost and future funding requirements of the plans. A significant increase in our obligations or future funding requirements could have a negative impact on our results of operations and cash flows from operations.
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If we lose the services of our key personnel, or if we are unable to attract and retain other key personnel, we may not be able to manage our operations or meet our growth objectives.
We are highly dependent on our senior management, especially Joe Kiani, our CEO, and other key officers. We are also heavily dependent on our engineers and field sales team, including sales representatives and clinical specialists. We believe certain of our competitors with greater financial resources than us have targeted our key personnel for recruitment and will likely continue to do so in the future. To the extent that key personnel depart, we may be required to bring on new hires that require training and take time before they achieve full productivity. New employees may not become as productive as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals. The loss of the services of members of our key personnel or the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future could prevent the implementation and completion of our objectives, including the development and introduction of our products. In general, our key personnel may terminate their employment at any time and for any reason without notice, unless the individual is a participant in our 2007 Severance Protection Plan, in which case the individual has agreed to provide us with six months’ notice if such individual decides to voluntarily resign. In addition, Politan Capital Management LP and Politan Capital NY LLC, which are managed by Quentin Koffey, a member of our Board, has filed a lawsuit against us and members of our Board seeking to invalidate the employment agreement of Mr. Kiani, our Chief Executive Officer. We do not maintain any “key person” life insurance policies with respect to any of our key personnel.
In addition, regulation or legislation impacting the workforce, such as the proposed rule published by the Federal Trade Commission which would, if issued, generally prevent employers from entering into non-compete with employees and require employers to rescind existing non-competes, may lead to increased uncertainty in hiring and competition for talent.
We are involved, and may become involved in the future, in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings that, if adversely decided or settled, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are, and may in the future become, party to litigation, regulatory proceedings or other disputes. In general, claims made by or against us in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings can be expensive and time-consuming to bring or defend against, requiring us to expend significant resources and divert the efforts and attention of our management and other personnel from our business operations. These potential claims may include, but are not limited to personal injury and class action lawsuits, intellectual property claims and regulatory investigations relating to the advertising and promotional claims about our products and employee claims against us based on, among other things, discrimination, harassment or wrongful termination. In addition, we may become subject to claims against companies we acquire based on circumstances arising prior to the acquisition, and the sellers of the acquired company may have no obligation to reimburse us for any resulting damages or expenses.
For example, on October 21, 2022, a complaint was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against us and certain members of our Board by Politan Capital Management LP and Politan Capital NY LLC (Activist Plaintiffs). The Activist Plaintiffs are managed by Quentin Koffey, who is a member of our Board. The complaint sought to (i) declare certain amendments to our bylaws that became effective on September 9, 2022 (Bylaw Amendments) unenforceable, (ii) find that our Board breached their fiduciary duties by approving and implementing the Bylaw Amendments and the shareholder rights plan adopted by us on September 9, 2022, and refusing to invalidate certain change in control provisions in our employment agreement with Joe Kiani, our CEO (iii) invalidate certain change in control provisions in Mr. Kiani’s employment agreement, (iv) permanently enjoin us and our Board from taking any actions to prevent the Activist Plaintiffs from exercising their rights in accordance with our prior bylaws to nominate directors, and (v) award the Activist Plaintiffs their fees, costs and expenses in connection with the action covered by the complaint. On March 3, 2023, the Activist Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a second amended and supplemented verified complaint (the Second Amended Complaint), which the Court granted on March 15, 2023. The Second Amended Complaint added the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS) as a co-plaintiff and added several former members of our Board as additional co-defendants. The Second Amended Complaint seeks to invalidate the employment agreement of Mr. Kiani, our Chief Executive Officer, and challenges Mr. Kiani’s February 8, 2023 waiver. We believe that we and the members of our Board have good and substantial defenses to the Activist Plaintiffs’ claims, but there is no guarantee that we and the members of our Board who are named as defendants in the litigation will prevail. Our stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties related to this lawsuit.
Any litigation, proceedings or dispute, even those without merit, may divert our financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit the future performance of our operations. Any adverse determination against us in these proceedings, or even the allegations contained in the claims, regardless of whether they are ultimately found to be without merit, may also result in settlements, injunctions or damages that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Changes to government immigration regulations may materially affect our workforce and limit our supply of qualified professionals, or increase our cost of securing workers.
We recruit professionals on a global basis and must comply with the immigration laws in the countries in which we operate, including the U.S. Some of our employees are working under Masimo-sponsored temporary work visas, including H1-B visas. Statutory law limits the number of new H1-B temporary work permit petitions that may be approved in a fiscal year. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the current U.S. immigration visa program may be significantly overhauled, and the number of H1-B visas available, as well as the process to obtain them, may be subject to significant change. Any resulting changes to this visa program could impact our ability to recruit, hire and retain qualified skilled personnel. If we are unable to obtain work visas in sufficient quantities or at a sufficient rate for a significant period of time, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
*The risks inherent in operating internationally, including the purchase, sale and shipment of our components and products across international borders, may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We currently derive approximately 49% of our net sales from international operations. In addition, we purchase a portion of our raw materials and components from international sources. The sale and shipment of our products across international borders, as well as the purchase of materials and components from international sources, subject us to extensive U.S. and foreign governmental trade regulations, including those related to duties, tariffs and conflict minerals. Compliance with such regulations is costly and we could be exposed to potentially significant penalties, fines and interest if we are found not to be in compliance with such regulations. Any failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could impact us in a variety of ways that include, but are not limited to, significant criminal, civil and administrative penalties, including imprisonment of individuals, fines and penalties, denial of export privileges, seizure of shipments, restrictions on certain business activities, and exclusion or debarment from government contracting. We have historically engaged in transactions with entities related to or located in countries subject to certain U.S. export restrictions. For example, we have had sales of medical products destined for Iran.
In addition, changes in policy in the U.S. and other countries regarding international trade, including import and export regulation and international trade agreements, could negatively impact our business. In recent years, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on goods imported from China and certain other countries, which has resulted in retaliatory tariffs by China and other countries. Changes or uncertainty in tariffs or further retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in response could affect the demand for our products and services, impact the competitive position of our products, prevent us from being able to sell products in certain countries or otherwise adversely impact our results of operations. The implementation of more restrictive trade policies, such as more detailed inspections, higher tariffs or new barriers to entry, could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, our international operations expose us and our representatives, agents and distributors to risks inherent in operating in foreign jurisdictions. These risks include, but are not limited to:
•the imposition of additional U.S. and foreign governmental controls or regulations;
•the imposition of costly and lengthy new export licensing requirements;
•a shortage of high-quality sales people and distributors;
•the loss of any key personnel who possess proprietary knowledge, or who are otherwise important to our success in certain international markets;
•changes in duties and tariffs, license obligations and other non-tariff barriers to trade;
•the imposition of new trade restrictions;
•the imposition of restrictions on the activities of foreign agents, representatives and distributors;
•compliance with foreign tax laws, regulations and requirements;
•pricing pressure;
•changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
•laws and business practices favoring local companies;
•political instability and actual or anticipated military or political conflicts, including the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia and the global impact of restrictions and sanctions imposed on Russia;
•financial and civil unrest worldwide;
•outbreaks of illnesses, pandemics or other local or global health issues;
•the inability to collect amounts paid by foreign government customers to our appointed foreign agents;
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•longer payment cycles, increased credit risk and different collection remedies with respect to receivables; and
•difficulties in enforcing or defending intellectual property rights.
The U.S. government initiated substantial changes in U.S. trade policy and U.S. trade agreements, including tariffs on certain foreign goods. In response to these tariffs, certain foreign governments instituted or are considering imposing tariffs on certain U.S. goods. In addition, the U.S. has negotiated new trade agreements that could impact us, including the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which went into force on July 1, 2020 and replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement. A trade war, trade barriers or other governmental actions related to tariffs, international trade agreements, import or export restrictions or other trade policies could adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, customers, suppliers and/or the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof and, therefore, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from promising or making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining an advantage to secure or retain business. Because of the predominance of government-sponsored healthcare systems around the world, many of our customer relationships outside of the U.S. are with governmental entities and are therefore subject to such anti-bribery laws. We have adopted policies and practices that help us ensure compliance with these anti-bribery laws. However, such policies and practice may require us to invest in additional monitoring resources or forgo certain business opportunities in order to ensure global compliance with these laws.
Although these activities have not been financially material to our business, financial condition or results of operations, and were undertaken in accordance with general licenses authorizing such activities issued by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, we may not be successful in ensuring compliance with limitations or restrictions on business in Iran or any other countries subject to economic sanctions and embargoes imposed by the U.S. Also, the failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could result in the disruption of our shipping, manufacturing and sales activities. Any material decrease in our international sales would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations may be adversely impacted by our exposure to risks related to foreign currency exchange rates.
We market our products in certain foreign markets through our subsidiaries and other international distributors. As a result, events that result in global economic uncertainty could significantly affect our results of operations in the form of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and potential devaluation of the local currencies of our customers relative to the U.S. Dollar.
While a majority of our sales are transacted in U.S. Dollars, some of our sales agreements with foreign customers provide for payment in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These foreign currency revenues, when converted into U.S. Dollars, can vary depending on the approximation of the exchange rates applied during a respective period. Similarly, certain of our foreign subsidiaries transact business in their respective country’s local currency, which is also their functional currency. In addition, certain production costs related to our manufacturing operations are denominated in local currency. As a result, expenses of these foreign subsidiaries and certain production costs, when converted into U.S. Dollars, can vary depending on average monthly exchange rates during a respective period.
We are also exposed to foreign currency gains or losses on outstanding foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as cash deposits. When converted to U.S. Dollars, these receivables, payables and cash deposits can vary depending on the monthly exchange rates at the end of the period. In addition, certain intercompany transactions may give rise to realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses based on the currency underlying such intercompany transactions. Accordingly, our operating results are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
The balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date and the statements of operations and cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars using an approximation of the average monthly exchange rates applicable during the period. Any foreign currency exchange gain or loss as a result of translating the balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar is included in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
We currently do not hedge our foreign currency exchange rate risk. As a result, changes in foreign exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For additional information related to our foreign currency exchange rate risk, please see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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We currently manufacture our products at a limited number of locations and any disruption to, expansion of, or changes in trade programs related to such manufacturing operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Mexico, Asia and Europe that may be affected by natural or man-made disasters. Earthquakes are of particular significance since some of our facilities are located in earthquake-prone areas. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including power loss, attacks from extremist or terrorist organizations, epidemics, communication failures, fire, floods, hurricanes and similar events. Our facilities and the manufacturing equipment we use to produce our products would be difficult to replace and could require substantial time to repair if significant damage were to result from any of these occurrences.
If one of our manufacturing facilities was affected by a natural or man-made disaster, we would be forced to rely on third-party manufacturers if we could not shift production to our other manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, our insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business from casualties may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If the lease for any of our leased facilities is terminated, we are unable to renew any of our leases or we are otherwise forced to seek alternative facilities, or if we voluntarily expand one or more of our manufacturing operations to new locations, we may incur additional transition costs and experience a disruption in the supply of our products until the new facilities are available and operating. Additionally, we have occasionally experienced seasonality and other shortages among our manufacturing workforce, and if we continue to experience such seasonality or other workforce shortages or otherwise have issues retaining employees or contractors at our manufacturing facilities, we may not be able to meet our customers’ demands.
Our global manufacturing and distribution are dependent upon our manufacturing facilities in multiple countries, and the expedient importation of raw materials and exportation of finished goods between these facilities. Undue delays and/or closures of cross-border transit facilities, or any restrictions by local governments related to the movement of goods to or from the U.S., may adversely affect our ability to fulfill orders and supply our customers, as well as adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, delays and closures of shipping ports, or ports of entry into and out of the U.S., including as a result of labor strikes or shortages, may delay our ability to fulfill order and supply of our non-healthcare consumer products, which could also adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our manufacturing facilities in Mexico are authorized to operate under the Mexican Maquiladora (IMMEX) program. The IMMEX program allows us to import certain items from the U.S. into Mexico duty-free, provided that such items, after processing, are exported from Mexico within a stipulated timeframe. Maquiladora status, which is renewed periodically, is subject to various restrictions and requirements, including compliance with the terms of the IMMEX program and other local regulations. Failure to comply with the IMMEX program regulations, including any changes thereto, could increase our manufacturing costs and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we do not accurately forecast customer demand, we may hold suboptimal inventory levels that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to meet the demand of our customers, our customers may cancel orders or purchase products from our competitors, which could reduce our revenue and gross profit margin. Conversely, if product demand decreases, we may be unable to timely adjust our manufacturing cost structure, resulting in excess capacity, which would lower gross product margins. Similarly, if we are unable to forecast demand accurately, we could be required to record charges related to excess or obsolete inventory, which would also lower our gross margin. Each of our business segments is individually influenced by many factors, including but not limited to: new product releases, acquisitions, regulatory approvals, patient holiday schedules, hospital census, the timing of the influenza season, holiday seasons, consumer pressures, inflationary and recessionary pressures, consumer demand and preferences, competitors’ marketing promotions and sales incentives; among many other factors.
In addition, we may experience seasonal demand for our non-healthcare products and demand for such products could decrease significantly during a recession. For example, healthcare revenues in the third quarter of our fiscal years have generally historically represented a lower percentage of segment revenues due to the seasonality of the U.S., European and Japanese markets, where summer vacation schedules normally result in fewer elective procedures utilizing our healthcare products. The 2023 flu season concluded abnormally early and faded quickly in the first quarter this year, resulting in reduced inpatient census. Healthcare facilities and hospitals experienced fewer flu-related hospitalizations and medical office visits, which decreased consumption of our single-patient use sensors and consumables. The corresponding delays in reordering for our single-patient use sensors and consumables had an adverse impact on our second quarter 2023 healthcare revenue. Similarly, our non-healthcare revenues in the fourth quarter of a fiscal year generally produce a higher percentage of our segment revenues
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than the other quarters of our fiscal year due to the holiday shopping season and our corresponding promotional activities. Our promotional discounting activity may negatively impact our gross margin during the holiday periods. Any shortfalls in expected revenue due to a mismatch in supply of and demand for our products, could cause our operating results to suffer significantly, and seasonal or similar variances may also result in fluctuations in our revenues.
If we fail to comply with the reporting obligations of the Exchange Act or if we fail to maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting, our business, results of operations and financial condition and investors’ confidence in us could be adversely affected.
We are required to prepare and disclose certain information under the Exchange Act, in a timely manner and meet our reporting obligations in their entirety, and our failure to do so could subject us to penalties under federal securities laws and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, expose us to lawsuits and restrict our ability to access financing on favorable terms, or at all.
If we fail to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, any material weakness in our internal control environment could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business, negatively impact the trading price of our stock, and adversely affect investors’ confidence in our company and our ability to access capital markets for financing.
Changing laws and increasingly complex corporate governance and public disclosure requirements could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, the UK Modern Slavery Act and new regulations issued by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, have created, and will create, additional compliance requirements for us. For example, the Dodd-Frank Act includes provisions regarding, among other things, advisory votes on named executive officer compensation and “conflict minerals” reporting. Complying with these rules and regulations has increased and will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may also need to hire additional employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses. To maintain high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure, we have invested in, and intend to continue to invest in, reasonably necessary resources to comply with evolving standards.
In addition, stockholder litigation surrounding executive compensation and disclosure of executive compensation has increased with the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act. Furthermore, our stockholders in certain instances have not approved our advisory vote on named executive officer compensation that is being voted on by our stockholders annually pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act. If we are involved in a lawsuit related to compensation matters or any other matters not covered by our directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, we may incur significant expenses in defending against such lawsuits, or be subject to significant fines or required to take significant remedial actions, each of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If product liability claims are brought against us, we could face substantial liability and costs.
Our products expose us to product liability claims and product recalls, including, but not limited to, those that may arise from unauthorized off-label use, malfunctions, design flaws or manufacturing defects related to our products or the use of our products with incompatible components or systems. In addition, as we continue to expand our product portfolio, we may enter or create new markets, including consumer markets, which may expose us to additional product liability risks. For example, with our previous acquisition of TNI®, we added softFlow® technology to our product portfolio. While this technology provides efficient, quiet and comfortable respiratory support to patients, it may present increased risk of infection to caregivers. In addition, with the Sound United Acquisition, we added multiple broadly distributed premium audio brands to our product portfolio and significantly expanded our consumer base worldwide, which could expose us to increased product liability claims.
We cannot be certain that our product liability insurance will be sufficient to cover any or all damages for product liability claims that may be brought against us in the future. Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain or maintain insurance in the future at satisfactory rates or in adequate amounts to protect us against any product liability claims.
Additionally, the laws and regulations regarding product liability are constantly evolving, both through the passage of new legislation at the state and federal levels and through new interpretations of existing legislation. For example, in February 2017,
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the Washington Supreme Court determined that, under the Washington Product Liability Act, medical device manufacturers have a duty to warn hospitals of any potential risks posed by their products. As the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding product liability change, we may become exposed to greater liability than currently anticipated.
Any losses that we may suffer from product liability claims, and the effect that any product liability litigation may have upon the reputation and marketability of our technology and products, together with the corresponding diversion of the attention of our key employees, may subject us to significant damages and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may incur environmental and personal injury liabilities related to certain hazardous materials used in our operations.
Certain manufacturing processes for our products may involve the storage, use, generation and disposal of certain hazardous materials and wastes, including silicone adhesives, solder and solder paste, sealants, epoxies and various solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and isopropyl alcohol. As a result, we are subject to certain environmental laws, as well as certain other laws and regulations, that restrict the materials that can be used in our products or in our manufacturing processes. For example, products that we sell in Europe are subject to regulation in the EU markets under the Restriction of the Use of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS). RoHS prohibits companies from selling products that contain certain hazardous materials in EU member states. In addition, the EU’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals Directive also restricts substances of very high concern in products. Compliance with such regulations may be costly and, therefore, we may incur significant costs to comply with these laws and regulations.
In addition, new environmental laws may further affect how we manufacture our products, how we use, generate or dispose of hazardous materials and waste, or further affect what materials can be used in our products. Any required changes to our operations or products may increase our manufacturing costs, detrimentally impact the performance of our products, add greater testing lead-times for product introductions or have other similar effects.
In connection with our research and manufacturing activities, we use, and our employees may be exposed to, materials that are hazardous to human health, safety or the environment. The risk of accidental injury to our employees or contamination from these materials cannot be eliminated, and we could be held liable for any resulting damages, the related liability for which could exceed our reserves. We do not specifically insure against environmental liabilities. If an enforcement action were to occur, our reputation and our business and financial condition may be harmed, even if we were to prevail or settle the action on terms favorable to us.
We rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, interruption or security lapse of that technology, including any cybersecurity incidents, could harm our ability to operate our business effectively.
Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, cybersecurity threats and sophisticated and targeted cybersecurity attacks pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks, including the confidentiality, availability and integrity of any underlying information and data, and those of our customers, partners, suppliers and third-party service providers. Our ability to effectively manage and maintain our internal business information, and to ship products to customers and invoice them on a timely basis, depends significantly on our enterprise resource planning system and other information systems.
Portions of our information technology systems may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with ongoing systems implementation work. In addition, interfaces between our products and our customers’ computer networks could provide additional opportunities for cybersecurity attacks on us and our customers. The techniques used to attack computer systems are sophisticated, change frequently and may originate from less regulated and remote areas of the world. Cybersecurity attacks in particular are evolving and include, but are not limited to: threats, malicious software, ransomware, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, misappropriation of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. As a result, there can be no assurance that our protective measures will prevent or detect security breaches that could have a significant impact on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
The failure of these systems to operate or integrate effectively with other internal, customer, supplier or third-party service provider systems and to protect the underlying information technology system and data integrity, including from cyber-attacks, intrusions or other breaches or unauthorized access of these systems, or any failure by us to remediate any such attacks or breaches, may also result in damage to our reputation or competitiveness, delays in product fulfillment and reduced efficiency of our operations, and could require significant capital investments to remediate any such failure, problem or breach, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the global economy, energy supplies and raw materials is uncertain, but may prove to negatively impact our business and operations.
The short and long-term implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are difficult to predict at this time. We continue to monitor any adverse impact that the outbreak of war in Ukraine and the subsequent institution of sanctions against Russia by the U.S. and several European and Asian countries may have on the global economy in general, on our business and operations and on the businesses and operations of our suppliers and customers. For example, a prolonged conflict may result in challenges associated with timely receipt of customer payments and banking transactions, increased inflation, escalating energy prices and constrained availability, and thus increasing costs, of raw materials. In addition, as a result of the current conflict, we have stopped selling non-healthcare products in Russia indefinitely. We will continue to monitor this fluid situation and develop contingency plans as necessary to address any disruptions to our business operations as they develop. To the extent the war in Ukraine may adversely affect our business as discussed above, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein. Such risks include, but are not limited to, adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, including inflation; disruptions to our global technology infrastructure, including through cyberattack, ransom attack, or cyber-intrusion; adverse changes in international trade policies and relations; our ability to maintain or increase our product prices; disruptions in global supply chains; our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations; and constraints, volatility, or disruption in the capital markets, any of which could negatively affect our business and financial condition.
*Our stock price may be volatile, and your investment in our stock could suffer a decline in value.
There has been and could continue to be significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities. For example, our closing stock price ranged from $146.03 to $196.47 per share from January 1, 2023 to July 1, 2023. Factors contributing to our stock price volatility may include our financial performance, as well as broader economic, political and market factors. In addition to the other risk factors previously discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there are many other factors that we may not be able to control that could have a significant effect on our stock price. These include, but are not limited to:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or future prospects;
•our announcements or our competitors’ announcements of new products;
•the public’s reaction to our press releases, including those relating to our earnings or financial guidance, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
•strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
•changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;
•developments regarding our patents or proprietary rights or those of our competitors;
•ongoing legal proceedings;
•our inability to raise additional capital as needed;
•concerns or allegations as to the safety or efficacy of our products;
•changes in financial markets or general economic conditions, including the effects of recession or slow economic growth in the U.S. and abroad;
•effects of public health crises, epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
•sales of stock by us or members of our management team, our Board or certain institutional stockholders;
•shareholder activism;
•changes in stock market analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding our stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally; and
•short selling or other hedging activity in our stock.
Therefore, you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.
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*Our investors could experience substantial dilution of their investments as a result of subsequent exercises of our outstanding options, vesting of outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs), or the grant of future equity awards by us.
As of July 1, 2023, approximately 10.0 million shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans, of which approximately 2.9 million shares were subject to options outstanding at such date at a weighted-average exercise price of $88.26 per share, approximately 3.3 million shares were subject to outstanding RSUs, approximately 0.3 million shares were subject to outstanding PSUs and approximately 3.6 million shares were available for future awards under our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. Over the past 48 months, we have experienced higher rates of stock option exercises compared to many earlier periods, and this trend may continue. To the extent outstanding options are exercised or outstanding RSUs or PSUs vest, our existing stockholders may incur dilution.
We rely on equity awards to motivate current employees and to attract new employees. The grant of future equity awards by us to our employees and other service providers may further dilute our stockholders.
Future resales of our stock, including those by our insiders and a few investment funds, may cause our stock price to decline.
A significant portion of our outstanding shares are held by our directors, our executive officers and a few investment funds. Resales by these stockholders of a substantial number of such shares, announcements of any proposed resale of substantial amounts of our stock or the perception that substantial resales may be made, could significantly reduce the market price of our stock. Some of our directors and executive officers have entered into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans pursuant to which they have arranged to sell shares of our stock from time to time in the future. Generally, these sales require public filings. Actual or potential sales by these insiders, including those under a pre-arranged Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, could be interpreted by the market as an indication that the insider has lost confidence in our stock and reduce the market price of our stock.
We have registered and expect to continue to register shares reserved under our incentive equity plans pursuant to Registration Statements on Form S-8. All shares issued pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-8 can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to restrictions on our affiliates under Rule 144. If a large number of these shares are sold in the public market, the sales could reduce the trading price of our stock.
We may elect not to declare cash dividends on our stock, may elect to only pay dividends on an infrequent or irregular basis, or may elect not to make any additional stock repurchases. As a result, any return on your investment may be limited to the value of our stock. In addition, the payment of any future dividends or the repurchase of our stock might limit our ability to pursue other growth opportunities.
Our Board may from time to time declare, and we may pay, dividends on our outstanding shares in the manner and upon the terms and conditions permitted under applicable law. However, we may elect to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business, rather than paying cash dividends on our stock. In addition, under certain circumstances, our Credit Facility may limit our ability to pay cash dividends, repurchase our common stock or make other distributions to stockholders. Any payment of cash dividends on our stock will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, business prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our Board. In addition, our Credit Facility places limitations on our ability to pay dividends. In the event our Board declares any dividends, there is no assurance with respect to the amount, timing or frequency of any such dividends.
Any repurchase of our common stock under the stock repurchase plan authorized by our Board in June 2022 (Repurchase Program) will be at the discretion of a committee comprised of our CEO and Chief Financial Officer, and will depend on several factors, including, but not limited to, results of operations, capital requirements, financial conditions, available capital from operations or other sources, including debt, and the market price of our common stock. In addition, on August 16, 2022, the U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which, among other things, imposes an excise tax of 1% tax on the fair market value of net stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. Therefore, there is no assurance with respect to the amount, price or timing of any such repurchases. We may elect to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business, rather than repurchasing additional outstanding shares. For additional information related to our Repurchase Program, please see Note 19, “Equity”, to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In the event we pay dividends, or make any stock repurchases in the future, our ability to finance any material expansion of our business, including through acquisitions, investments or increased capital spending, or to fund our operations, may be limited. In addition, any repurchases we may make in the future may not prove to be at optimal prices. Our Board may modify or amend the Repurchase Program, or adopt a new stock repurchase program, at any time at its discretion without stockholder approval.
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Environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) regulations, global climate change, corporate citizenship and related matters may adversely affect our business.
There is an increasing focus on ESG risks. Our customers, including distributors and retail partners have adopted, or may adopt, procurement policies that include ESG provisions that their suppliers or manufacturers must comply with, or they may seek to include such provisions in their terms and conditions. An increasing number of participants in our industries are also joining voluntary ESG groups or organizations. These ESG provisions and initiatives are subject to change, can be unpredictable, and may be difficult and expensive for us to comply with, given the complexity of our supply chain and the outsourced manufacturing of certain components of our products. If we are unable to comply, or are unable to cause our suppliers to comply, with such policies or provisions, a customer may cease purchasing products from us, and may take legal action against us, which could harm our reputation, revenue and results of operations.
Further, increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change may result in new or enhanced legal requirements. There continues to be a lack of consistent climate legislation, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty. Such uncertainty may have an impact on our business, from the demand for our products to our costs of compliance in the manufacturing and servicing of our products, all of which may impact our results of operations. In addition, climate change initiatives and legislation could also disrupt our operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials within our supply chain, and could also increase insurance and other operating costs. In addition, the SEC has announced proposed rules that, among other matters, will establish a framework for reporting climate related risks. To the extent that any proposed rules impose additional reporting obligations, we could face increased costs. Separately, the SEC has also announced that it is scrutinizing existing climate change related disclosures in public filings, increasing the potential for enforcement if the SEC were to allege our existing climate disclosures are misleading or deficient.
Investors, stockholders, consumers, customers, suppliers and other third-parties are increasingly focusing on ESG and corporate social responsibility endeavors and reporting and transparency. Certain institutional investors, investment funds, other influential investors, customers, suppliers and other third-parties are also increasingly focused on ESG practices. If we do not adapt to or comply with evolving investor or stakeholder expectations and standards, or if we are perceived to have not responded appropriately, we may suffer from reputational damage and our business, financial condition and/or stock price may be materially and adversely affected. Further, this increased focus on ESG issues may result in new regulations and/or third-party requirements that could adversely impact our business, or certain shareholders reducing or eliminating their holdings of our stock, causing our stock price to decline.
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Item 5. Other Information
During the three months ended July 1, 2023, the following trading arrangements were entered into by a director or officer of the Company:

Name and Title of the Director or Officer |  | The Date on Which the Director or Officer Adopted or Terminated the Trading Arrangement |  | Duration of the Trading Arrangement (1) |  | Aggregate Number of Securities to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to the Trading Arrangement |
Craig Reynolds, Director |  | May 17, 2023 |  | May 3, 2024 |  | 40,000 Options to Purchase Shares of Masimo Common Stock and shares of Masimo Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such options | (2)
Joe Kiani, CEO & Chairman of the Board |  | May 22, 2023 |  | May 25, 2023 |  | 6,365 Shares of Masimo Common Stock | (3)

_______________
(1) Each trading arrangement permitted or permits transactions through and including the earlier to occur of (a) the completion of all sales or (b) the date listed in the table.
(2) The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5–1(c).
(3) The trading arrangement was effected in transactions intended to satisfy the requirements of Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number |  |  |  | Description of Document
3.1 |  | (1) |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Exhibit 3.2)
3.2 |  | (2) |  | Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated June 28, 2023 (Exhibit 3.1)
3.3 |  | (3) |  | Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws adopted on February 5, 2023 (Exhibit 3.1)
3.4 |  | (4) |  | Amendment to Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws adopted on April 20, 2023 (Exhibit 3.1)
4.1 |  | (5) |  | Amended Form of Common Stock Certificate (Exhibit 4.1)
4.2#*+ |  | (6) |  | Masimo Retirement Savings Plan (Exhibit 4.3)
21.1* |  |  |  | List of Registrant’s Subsidiaries
31.1* |  |  |  | Certification of Joe Kiani, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
31.2* |  |  |  | Certification of Micah Young, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
32.1** |  |  |  | Certification of Joe Kiani, Chief Executive Officer, and Micah Young, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
101.INS* |  |  |  | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.INS* |  |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.SCH* |  |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.CAL* |  |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.DEF* |  |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.LAB* |  |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.PRE* |  |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
104 |  |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the inline XBRL document)

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
______________
(1) Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-142171), originally filed on April 17, 2007. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form S-1, as amended.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 28, 2023. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form 8-K.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2022. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form 8-K.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 20, 2023. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form 8-K.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 16, 2022. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form 10-K.
(6) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 10, 2022. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form 10-Q.
# Indicates management or compensatory plan.
* Filed herewith.
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** Furnished herewith.
+ Non-material schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the SEC.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | M ASIMO C ORPORATION
Date: August 8, 2023 |  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ J OE K IANI
|  |  |  |  |  | Joe Kiani
|  |  |  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Date: August 8, 2023 |  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ M ICAH Y OUNG
|  |  |  |  |  | Micah Young
|  |  |  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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