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Intangible Assets | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets Our intangible assets include the following:
|  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Weighted Average Useful Lives |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
Indefinite life intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FCC licenses | Indefinite |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,084 |
Trademarks | Indefinite |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | 251 |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | 251 |
Definite life intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OEM relationships | 15 years |  | 220 |  |  | (87 | ) |  | 133 |  |  | 220 |  |  | (76 | ) |  | 144 |
Licensing agreements | 12 years |  | 45 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | 45 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 7 |
Software and technology | 7 years |  | 35 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | 15 |
Due to Pandora Acquisition: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indefinite life intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks | Indefinite |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Definite life intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | 8 years |  | 403 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | 368 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Software and technology | 5 years |  | 373 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | 323 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total intangible assets |  |  | $ | 3,742 |  |  | $ | (237 | ) |  | $ | 3,505 |  |  | $ | 2,635 |  |  | $ | (134 | ) |  | $ | 2,501 |
Indefinite Life Intangible Assets We have identified our FCC licenses and the Pandora and XM trademarks as indefinite life intangible assets after considering the expected use of the assets, the regulatory and economic environment within which they are used and the effects of obsolescence on their use. As part of the Pandora Acquisition, we also identified $331 related to its trademarks, for which the fair value was determined using the relief from royalty method as of the acquisition date. We hold FCC licenses to operate our satellite digital audio radio service and provide ancillary services. Each of the FCC licenses authorizes us to use radio spectrum, a reusable resource that does not deplete or exhaust over time. Our annual impairment assessment of our identifiable indefinite life intangible assets is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year. An assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible assets exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. As of September 30, 2019, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment loss was recognized for intangible assets with indefinite lives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Definite Life Intangible Assets Amortization expense for all definite life intangible assets was $38 and $6 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $103 and $17 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no retirements of definite lived intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. As part of the Pandora Acquisition, $776 was allocated to identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization and related to the assessed fair value of customer relationships and software and technology, which was determined by using the multi-period excess earnings method and the relief from royalty method, respectively, as of the acquisition date. The expected amortization expense for each of the fiscal years 2019 through 2023 and for periods thereafter is as follows:
Years ending December 31, |  | Amount
2019 (remaining) |  | $ | 38 |
2020 |  | 152 |
2021 |  | 146 |
2022 |  | 144 |
2023 |  | 134 |
Thereafter |  | 225 |
Total definite life intangible assets, net |  | $ | 839 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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