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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of components of income tax expense | We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly owned subsidiaries, including Sirius XM and Pandora. Income tax expense consisted of the following:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Current taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
State | (24 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (32 | )
Total current taxes | (24 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (32 | )
Deferred taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (229 | ) |  | (259 | ) |  | (564 | )
State | (30 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (20 | )
Total deferred taxes | (259 | ) |  | (257 | ) |  | (584 | )
Total income tax expense | $ | (283 | ) |  | $ | (245 | ) |  | $ | (616 | )
Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation | The following table presents a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and our effective tax rate:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Federal tax expense, at statutory rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
State income tax expense, net of federal benefit | 3.9 | % |  | 3.6 | % |  | 2.8 | %
Change in valuation allowance | 0.3 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | (0.1 | )%
Tax credits | (2.7 | )% |  | (6.8 | )% |  | (1.7 | )%
Share-based compensation | (2.4 | )% |  | (3.1 | )% |  | (2.9 | )%
Impact of nondeductible officers' compensation | 1.6 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  | 0.3 | %
Federal tax reform - deferred rate change | — | % |  | — | % |  | 14.6 | %
Other, net | 1.9 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | 0.7 | %
Effective tax rate | 23.6 | % |  | 17.2 | % |  | 48.7 | %
Deferred tax assets and liabilities | The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, shown before jurisdictional netting, are presented below:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | 952 |
Deferred revenue | 81 |  |  | 89 |
Accrued bonus | 34 |  |  | 27 |
Expensed costs capitalized for tax | 14 |  |  | 16 |
Investments | 22 |  |  | 12 |
Stock based compensation | 72 |  |  | 55 |
Other | 10 |  |  | 6 |
Total deferred tax assets | 1,243 |  |  | 1,157 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation of property and equipment | (228 | ) |  | (230 | )
FCC license | (519 | ) |  | (515 | )
Other intangible assets | (340 | ) |  | (102 | )
Other | (3 | ) |  | 2 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,090 | ) |  | (845 | )
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 153 |  |  | 312 |
Valuation allowance | (70 | ) |  | (66 | )
Total net deferred tax asset | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 246 |
Uncertain income tax positions | Changes in our uncertain income tax positions, from January 1 through December 31 are set forth below:
| 2019 |  | 2018
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 334 |
Increases in tax positions for prior years | — |  |  | 65 |
Increases in tax positions for current years | 31 |  |  | 15 |
Decreases in tax positions for prior years | (12 | ) |  | (27 | )
Balance, end of year | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 387 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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