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Benefit Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Benefit Plans | Benefit Plans We recognized share-based payment expense of $250, $133 and $124 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This amount includes $21 of share-based compensation expense recorded in Acquisition and other related costs in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income during the year ended December 31, 2019. We account for equity instruments granted in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires all share-based compensation payments to be recognized in the financial statements based on fair value. We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to value stock option awards and have elected to treat awards with graded vesting as a single award. Share-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. We measure restricted stock awards and units using the fair market value of the restricted shares of common stock on the day the award is granted. Stock-based awards granted to employees, non-employees and members of our board of directors include stock options and restricted stock units. Fair value as determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton model varies based on assumptions used for the expected life, expected stock price volatility, expected dividend yield and risk-free interest rates. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we estimated the fair value of awards granted using the hybrid approach for volatility, which weights observable historical volatility and implied volatility of qualifying actively traded options on our common stock. The expected life assumption represents the weighted-average period stock-based awards are expected to remain outstanding. These expected life assumptions are established through a review of historical exercise behavior of stock-based award grants with similar vesting periods. Where historical patterns do not exist for non-employees, contractual terms are used. Dividend yield is based on the current expected annual dividend per share and our stock price. The risk-free interest rate represents the daily treasury yield curve rate at the grant date based on the closing market bid yields on actively traded U.S. treasury securities in the over-the-counter market for the expected term. Our assumptions may change in future periods. 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan In May 2015, our stockholders approved the Sirius XM Holdings Inc. 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). Employees, consultants and members of our board of directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards that the compensation committee of our board of directors deems appropriate. Stock-based awards granted under the 2015 Plan are generally subject to a graded vesting requirement, which is generally three to four years from the grant date. Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock units include performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), the vesting of which are subject to the achievement of performance goals and the employee's continued employment and generally cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. Each restricted stock unit entitles the holder to receive one share of common stock upon vesting. As of December 31, 2019, 165 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2015 Plan. In connection with the Pandora Acquisition, we assumed all shares available for issuance (including any shares that later become available for issuance in accordance with the terms of the applicable plans) under each of the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan of AdsWizz Inc., the Pandora Media, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, the Pandora Media, Inc. 2004 Stock Plan and the TheSavageBeast.com, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, which were previously approved by stockholders of Pandora or the applicable adopting entity. All shares available under these stock plans became additional shares available for grant pursuant to the terms of the 2015 Plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, to reflect the application of the exchange ratio). Subject to certain limitations set forth in the 2015 Plan, such shares may be used for awards under the 2015 Plan. Other Plans We maintain six additional share-based benefit plans — the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 2009 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the Amended and Restated Sirius Satellite Radio 2003 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan of AdsWizz Inc., the Pandora Media, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, the Pandora Media, Inc. 2004 Stock Plan and the TheSavageBeast.com, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan. Excluding dividend equivalent units granted as a result of a declared dividend, no further awards may be made under these plans. The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to compute the fair value of options granted to employees and members of our board of directors:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Risk-free interest rate | 2.4% |  | 2.7% |  | 1.8%
Expected life of options — years | 3.41 |  | 4.38 |  | 4.59
Expected stock price volatility | 26% |  | 23% |  | 24%
Expected dividend yield | 0.8% |  | 0.7% |  | 0.7%
The following table summarizes stock option activity under our share-based plans for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
| Options |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the beginning of January 1, 2017 | 333 |  |  | $ | 3.50 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 26 |  |  | $ | 5.49 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (73 | ) |  | $ | 3.21 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited, cancelled or expired | (6 | ) |  | $ | 4.07 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 | 280 |  |  | $ | 3.76 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 32 |  |  | $ | 6.59 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (65 | ) |  | $ | 3.35 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited, cancelled or expired | (4 | ) |  | $ | 4.76 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 | 243 |  |  | $ | 4.22 |  |  |  |  |
Options granted in connection with Pandora Acquisition | 7 |  |  | $ | 3.85 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 15 |  |  | $ | 6.10 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (53 | ) |  | $ | 3.65 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited, cancelled or expired | (4 | ) |  | $ | 5.58 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 | 208 |  |  | $ | 4.46 |  |  | 5.58 |  | $ | 560 |
Exercisable as of December 31, 2019 | 148 |  |  | $ | 3.96 |  |  | 4.77 |  | $ | 472 |
The weighted average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $1.26, $1.45 and $1.17, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $146, $215 and $167, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the number of net settled shares which were issued as a result of stock option exercises was 15, 19 and 17. In connection with the Pandora Acquisition, each option granted by Pandora under its stock incentive plans to purchase shares of Pandora common stock, whether vested or unvested, was assumed and converted into an option to purchase shares of our common stock, with appropriate adjustments (based on the 1.44 exchange ratio) to the exercise price and number of shares of our common stock subject to such option, and has the same vesting schedule and exercise conditions as in effect as of immediately prior to the closing of the Pandora Acquisition; provided, that any Pandora stock option that had an exercise price per share that was equal to or greater than the value, at the closing of the Pandora Acquisition, of our common stock issued as merger consideration in exchange for each share of Pandora common stock, was canceled without payment. We recorded $8 to Goodwill related to pre-acquisition replacement equity awards attributable to pre-combination service. We recognized share-based payment expense associated with stock options of $60, $67 and $78 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit, including PRSU, activity under our share-based plans for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
| Shares |  | Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested at the beginning of January 1, 2017 | 30 |  |  | $ | 4.03 |
Granted | 12 |  |  | $ | 5.35 |
Vested | (9 | ) |  | $ | 3.92 |
Forfeited | (2 | ) |  | $ | 4.42 |
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017 | 31 |  |  | $ | 4.54 |
Granted | 18 |  |  | $ | 6.40 |
Vested | (13 | ) |  | $ | 4.43 |
Forfeited | (1 | ) |  | $ | 4.99 |
Nonvested as of December 31, 2018 | 35 |  |  | $ | 5.50 |
Units granted in connection with Pandora Acquisition | 48 |  |  | $ | 5.83 |
Granted | 38 |  |  | $ | 6.01 |
Vested | (38 | ) |  | $ | 5.53 |
Forfeited | (8 | ) |  | $ | 5.85 |
Nonvested as of December 31, 2019 | 75 |  |  | $ | 5.95 |
The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units, including PRSUs, vesting during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $235, $85 and $48, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the number of net settled shares which were issued as a result of restricted stock units vesting totaled 23, 7 and 5. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we granted 6, 5 and 1 PRSUs to certain employees, respectively. We believe it is probable that the performance target applicable to these PRSUs will be achieved. In connection with the Pandora Acquisition, each unvested restricted stock unit granted by Pandora under its stock incentive plans was assumed and converted into an unvested restricted stock unit of Holdings, with appropriate adjustments (based on the 1.44 exchange ratio) to the number of shares of our common stock to be received, and has the same vesting schedule and settlement date as in effect as of immediately prior to the closing of the Pandora Acquisition. We recorded $62 to Goodwill related to pre-acquisition replacement equity awards attributable to pre-combination service. In connection with the cash dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we granted less than 1 restricted stock units, including PRSUs, in accordance with the terms of existing award agreements. These grants did not result in any additional incremental share-based payment expense being recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. We recognized share-based payment expense associated with restricted stock units, including PRSUs, of $190, $66 and $46 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested share-based payment awards for stock options and restricted stock units, including PRSUs, granted to employees, members of our board of directors and third parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $415 and $254, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation costs at December 31, 2019 are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. 401(k) Savings Plans Sirius XM Radio Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan Sirius XM sponsors the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Sirius XM Plan”) for eligible employees. The Sirius XM Plan allows eligible employees to voluntarily contribute from 1% to 50% of their pre-tax eligible earnings, subject to certain defined limits. We match 50% of an employee’s voluntary contributions per pay period on the first 6% of an employee’s pre-tax salary up to a maximum of 3% of eligible compensation. We may also make additional discretionary matching, true-up matching and non-elective contributions to the Sirius XM Plan. Employer matching contributions under the Sirius XM Plan vest at a rate of 33.33% for each year of employment and are fully vested after three years of employment for all current and future contributions. Our cash employer matching contributions are not used to purchase shares of our common stock on the open market, unless the employee elects our common stock as their investment option for this contribution. We recognized expenses of $9, $9 and $8 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in connection with the Sirius XM Plan. Pandora Media, LLC 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan and Trust Pandora sponsors the Pandora Media, LLC 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan and Trust (the “Pandora Plan”) for eligible employees. The Pandora Plan allows eligible employees to voluntarily contribute from 1% to 75% of their pre-tax eligible earnings, subject to certain defined limits. As of December 31, 2019, there was no employer matching of employee contributions under the Pandora Plan. Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan The Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”) allows members of our board of directors and certain eligible employees to defer all or a portion of their base salary, cash incentive compensation and/or board of directors’ cash compensation, as applicable. Pursuant to the terms of the DCP, we may elect to make additional contributions beyond amounts deferred by participants, but we are under no obligation to do so. We have established a grantor (or “rabbi”) trust to facilitate the payment of our obligations under the DCP. Contributions to the DCP, net of withdrawals, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $7, $8 and $8, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of the investments held in the trust were $34 and $22, respectively, which is included in Other long-term assets in our consolidated balance sheets and classified as trading securities. Trading gains and losses associated with these investments are recorded in Other (expense) income within our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The associated liability is recorded within Other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, and any increase or decrease in the liability is recorded in General and administration expense within our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded unrealized gains (losses) on investments held in the trust of $3 and $(1), respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for an entity's employee compensation and benefit plans, including, but not limited to, postemployment and postretirement benefit plans, defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans, non-qualified and supplemental benefit plans, deferred compensation, share-based compensation, life insurance, severance, health care, unemployment and other benefit plans. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 712 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197446 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 710 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2127225 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2235017 + Details
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