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Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill
Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill

The net carrying amount of intangibles and goodwill was $15 million at March 31, 2015 and $17 million at December 31, 2014. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of each type of intangible asset and goodwill are presented in the table below.
 
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(in thousands)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortizing intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Formulas and technology
 
$
88,754

 
$
83,252

 
$
88,824

 
$
82,050

Contracts
 
4,476

 
3,768

 
4,476

 
3,655

Customer bases
 
6,983

 
3,409

 
6,994

 
3,336

Trademarks and trade names
 
1,562

 
808

 
1,571

 
769

Goodwill
 
4,722

 
 
 
4,804

 
 
 
 
$
106,497

 
$
91,237

 
$
106,669

 
$
89,810



All of the intangibles relate to the petroleum additives segment. The change in the gross carrying amount between 2014 and 2015 is due to foreign currency fluctuations. There is no accumulated goodwill impairment.
Amortization expense was (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31, 2015
$
1,427

Three months ended March 31, 2014
1,575



Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2015, as well as annual amortization expense related to our intangible assets for the next five years, is expected to be (in thousands):
2015
$
4,270

2016
1,891

2017
730

2018
700

2019
678

2020
319



We amortize contracts over 10 years; customer bases over 20 years; formulas and technology over 10 to 20 years; and trademarks and trade names over 10 years.