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Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill Intangibles (Net of Amortization) and Goodwill
The net carrying amount of intangibles and goodwill was $126 million at September 30, 2022 and $128 million at December 31, 2021. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of each type of intangible asset and goodwill are presented in the table below.
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in thousands)Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Amortizing intangible assets
Formulas and technology$6,200 $5,425 $6,200 $4,650 
Contract2,000 1,150 2,000 1,000 
Customer base5,440 4,302 5,440 4,160 
Goodwill123,560 123,922 
$137,200 $10,877 $137,562 $9,810 
All of the intangibles relate to the petroleum additives segment. The change in the gross carrying amount between December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022 is due to foreign currency fluctuation. There is no accumulated goodwill impairment.
Amortization expense was (in thousands):
Third quarter ended September 30, 2022$356 
Nine months ended September 30, 20221,067 
Third quarter ended September 30, 2021356 
Nine months ended September 30, 20211,800 
Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2022, as well as estimated annual amortization expense related to our intangible assets for the next five years, is expected to be (in thousands):
2022$356 
2023907 
2024390 
2025390 
2026390 
2027190 
We amortize formulas and technology over 6 years, the contract over 10 years, and the customer base over 20 years