XML 24 R12.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.8.0.1
Federal Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Federal Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Federal Income Taxes



6.  Federal Income Taxes



The effective tax rate is the ratio of tax expense over pre-tax income (loss).  The effective tax rate was 18% and 17% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.  The effective tax rate was 24% and 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.  The effective tax rate on pre-tax income was lower than the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate.  Differences in the effective rates and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% were the result of certain tax preferred investment income, separate account dividends-received deductions, foreign tax credits and other tax preference items.