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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments 21. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values and estimated fair values of our financial instruments (in millions) were as follows:

As of December 31, 2020

As of December 31, 2019

Carrying

Fair

Carrying

Fair

Value

Value

Value

Value

Assets

Fixed maturity AFS securities

$

123,044

$

123,044

$

105,200

$

105,200

Trading securities

4,501

4,501

4,673

4,673

Equity securities

129

129

103

103

Mortgage loans on real estate

16,763

18,219

16,339

16,872

Derivative investments (1)

3,109

3,109

1,911

1,911

Other investments

3,974

3,974

2,983

2,983

Cash and invested cash

1,708

1,708

2,563

2,563

Other assets:

GLB direct embedded derivatives

450

450

450

450

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

82

82

60

60

Indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives

550

550

927

927

Separate account assets

167,965

167,965

153,566

153,566

Liabilities

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives

(3,594

)

(3,594

)

(2,585

)

(2,585

)

Other contract holder funds:

Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts

(1,854

)

(1,854

)

(1,900

)

(1,900

)

Account values of certain investment contracts

(40,947

)

(49,745

)

(38,639

)

(46,822

)

Short-term debt

-

-

(300

)

(304

)

Long-term debt

(6,682

)

(7,067

)

(6,067

)

(6,217

)

Reinsurance related embedded derivatives

(392

)

(392

)

(327

)

(327

)

Other liabilities:

Derivative liabilities (1)

(906

)

(906

)

(349

)

(349

)

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

-

-

(9

)

(9

)

Benefit Plans’ Assets (2)

1,736

1,736

1,589

1,589

(1)We have master netting agreements with each of our derivative counterparties, which allow for the netting of our derivative asset and liability positions by counterparty.

(2)Included in the funded statuses of the benefit plans, which is reported in other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 18 for information regarding our benefit plans.

Valuation Methodologies and Associated Inputs for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following discussion outlines the methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Considerable judgment is required to develop these assumptions used to measure fair value. Accordingly, the estimates shown are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a one-time, current market exchange of all of our financial instruments.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The fair value of mortgage loans on real estate, excluding mortgage loans accounted for using the fair value option, is established using a discounted cash flow method based on credit rating, maturity and future income. The ratings for mortgages in good standing are based on property type, location, market conditions, occupancy, debt-service coverage, loan-to-value, quality of tenancy, borrower and payment record. The fair value for impaired mortgage loans is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our mortgage loans on real estate are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Other Investments

The carrying value of our assets classified as other investments approximates fair value. Other investments includes primarily LPs and other privately held investments that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and the carrying value is based on our proportional share of the net assets of the LPs. Other investments also includes Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our LPs, other privately held investments and FHLB stock are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The remaining assets in other investments include cash collateral receivables and securities that are not LPs or other privately held investments. The inputs used to measure the fair value of these assets are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Separate Account Assets

Separate account assets are primarily carried at fair value.  A portion of our separate account assets includes LPs, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The carrying value is based on our proportional share of the net assets of the LPs and approximates fair value. The inputs used to measure the fair value of the separate account asset LPs are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Other Contract Holder Funds

Other contract holder funds include remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts and account values of certain investment contracts. The fair value for the remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts is estimated using discounted cash flow calculations as of the balance sheet date. These calculations are based on interest rates currently offered on similar contracts with maturities that are consistent with those remaining for the contracts being valued. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts carrying value approximated fair value. The fair value of the account values of certain investment contracts is based on their approximate surrender value as of the balance sheet date. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our other contract holder funds are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Short-Term and Long-Term Debt

The fair value of short-term and long-term debt is based on quoted market prices. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our short-term and long-term debt are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Option

Mortgage loans on real estate, net of allowance for credit losses, as reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, includes commercial mortgage loans for which the fair value option was elected. The fair value option allows us to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for mortgage loans not otherwise reported at fair value. We have made these elections for certain mortgage loans associated with Modco agreements to help mitigate the inconsistency in earnings that would otherwise result from the use of embedded derivatives included with these loans. Changes in fair value are reflected in realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for commercial mortgage loans. Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk are estimated using changes in credit spreads and quality ratings for the period reported. Due to lack of observable inputs as a result of a change to a third-party pricing source, certain mortgage loans electing the fair value option were categorized as Level 3 as of December 31, 2020.

The fair value and aggregate contractual principal for mortgage loans where the fair value option was elected (in millions) was as follows:

As of

December 31,

2020

Commercial mortgage loans: (1)

Fair value

$

832

Aggregate contractual principal

839

(1)As of December 31, 2020, no loans for which the fair value option has been elected were in non-accrual status and none were more than 90 days past due and still accruing interest.

Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

We did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2020 or 2019.

The following summarizes our financial instruments carried at fair value (in millions) on a recurring basis by the fair value hierarchy levels:

As of December 31, 2020

Quoted

Prices

in Active

Markets for

Significant

Significant

Identical

Observable

Unobservable

Total

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

Fair

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Value

Assets

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

-

$

97,668

$

5,121

$

102,789

U.S. government bonds

473

6

5

484

State and municipal bonds

-

6,921

-

6,921

Foreign government bonds

-

396

74

470

RMBS

-

3,074

2

3,076

CMBS

-

1,505

-

1,505

ABS

-

6,614

570

7,184

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

54

457

104

615

Mortgage loans on real estate

-

-

832

832

Trading securities

5

3,852

644

4,501

Equity securities

22

48

59

129

Derivative investments (1)

-

1,733

3,575

5,308

Cash and invested cash

-

1,708

-

1,708

Other assets:

GLB direct embedded derivatives

-

-

450

450

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

-

-

82

82

Indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives

-

-

550

550

Separate account assets

606

167,351

-

167,957

Total assets

$

1,160

$

291,333

$

12,068

$

304,561

Liabilities

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives

$

-

$

-

$

(3,594

)

$

(3,594

)

Reinsurance related embedded derivatives

-

(392

)

-

(392

)

Other liabilities:

Derivative liabilities (1)

-

(1,072

)

(2,033

)

(3,105

)

Total liabilities

$

-

$

(1,464

)

$

(5,627

)

$

(7,091

)

Benefit Plans’ Assets

$

207

$

1,529

$

-

$

1,736


As of December 31, 2019

Quoted

Prices

in Active

Markets for

Significant

Significant

Identical

Observable

Unobservable

Total

Assets

Inputs

Inputs

Fair

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Value

Assets

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

-

$

84,435

$

4,281

$

88,716

U.S. government bonds

424

6

5

435

State and municipal bonds

-

5,884

-

5,884

Foreign government bonds

-

303

90

393

RMBS

-

3,230

11

3,241

CMBS

-

1,082

1

1,083

ABS

-

4,621

268

4,889

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

77

404

78

559

Trading securities

50

3,957

666

4,673

Equity securities

25

48

30

103

Derivative investments (1)

-

1,212

1,735

2,947

Cash and invested cash

-

2,563

-

2,563

Other assets:

GLB direct embedded derivatives

-

-

450

450

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

-

-

60

60

Indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives

-

-

927

927

Separate account assets

639

152,916

-

153,555

Total assets

$

1,215

$

260,661

$

8,602

$

270,478

Liabilities

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives

$

-

$

-

$

(2,585

)

$

(2,585

)

Reinsurance related embedded derivatives

-

(327

)

-

(327

)

Other liabilities:

Derivative liabilities (1)

-

(518

)

(867

)

(1,385

)

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

-

-

(9

)

(9

)

Total liabilities

$

-

$

(845

)

$

(3,461

)

$

(4,306

)

Benefit Plans’ Assets

$

195

$

1,394

$

-

$

1,589

(1)Derivative investment assets and liabilities are presented within the fair value hierarchy on a gross basis by derivative type and not on a master netting basis by counterparty.

The following summarizes changes to our financial instruments carried at fair value (in millions) and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. This summary excludes any effect of amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL. The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology.

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Gains

Issuances,

Transfers

Items

(Losses)

Sales,

Into or

Included

in

Maturities,

Out

Beginning

in

OCI

Settlements,

of

Ending

Fair

Net

and

Calls,

Level 3,

Fair

Value

Income

Other (1)

Net

Net (3)

Value

Investments: (5)

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

4,281

$

(8

)

$

284

$

464

$

100

$

5,121

U.S. government bonds

5

-

-

-

-

5

Foreign government bonds

90

1

3

(20

)

-

74

RMBS

11

-

-

-

(9

)

2

CMBS

1

(1

)

-

-

-

-

ABS

268

-

7

496

(201

)

570

Hybrid and redeemable

preferred securities

78

-

(2

)

10

18

104

Mortgage loans on real estate

-

(1

)

(10

)

56

787

832

Trading securities

666

11

-

(32

)

(1

)

644

Equity securities

30

4

-

20

5

59

Derivative investments

868

986

267

(363

)

(216

)

1,542

Other assets: (6)

GLB direct embedded derivatives

450

-

-

-

-

450

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

60

22

-

-

-

82

Indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives

927

538

-

(915

)

-

550

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives (6)

(2,585

)

(1,009

)

-

-

-

(3,594

)

Other liabilities – GLB ceded embedded

derivatives (6)

(9

)

9

-

-

-

-

Total, net

$

5,141

$

552

$

549

$

(284

)

$

483

$

6,441


For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

Gains

Issuances,

Transfers

Items

(Losses)

Sales,

Into or

Included

in

Maturities,

Out

Beginning

in

OCI

Settlements,

of

Ending

Fair

Net

and

Calls,

Level 3,

Fair

Value

Income

Other (1)

Net

Net (3)

Value

Investments: (5)

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

3,269

$

3

$

180

$

878

$

(49

)

$

4,281

U.S. government bonds

-

-

-

-

5

5

Foreign government bonds

109

-

6

(25

)

-

90

RMBS

7

-

-

21

(17

)

11

CMBS

2

1

-

5

(7

)

1

ABS

134

-

1

619

(486

)

268

Hybrid and redeemable

preferred securities

75

-

3

-

-

78

Trading securities

67

17

-

850

(268

)

666

Equity securities

25

(12

)

-

17

-

30

Derivative investments

534

10

163

161

-

868

Other assets: (6)

GLB direct embedded derivatives

123

327

-

-

-

450

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

72

(12

)

-

-

-

60

Indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives

902

158

-

(133

)

-

927

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives (6)

(1,305

)

(900

)

-

(380

)

-

(2,585

)

Other liabilities – GLB ceded embedded

derivatives (6)

-

(9

)

-

-

-

(9

)

Total, net

$

4,014

$

(417

)

$

353

$

2,013

$

(822

)

$

5,141


For the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Purchases,

Gains

Issuances,

Transfers

Items

(Losses)

Sales,

Into or

Included

in

Maturities,

Out

Beginning

in

OCI

Settlements,

of

Ending

Fair

Net

and

Calls,

Level 3,

Fair

Value

Income

Other (1)

Net (2)

Net (3)(4)

Value

Investments: (5)

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

3,091

$

10

$

(199

)

$

429

$

(62

)

$

3,269

U.S. government bonds

5

-

-

(5

)

-

-

Foreign government bonds

110

-

(1

)

-

-

109

RMBS

12

-

-

7

(12

)

7

CMBS

6

-

-

35

(39

)

2

ABS

118

-

(1

)

223

(206

)

134

Hybrid and redeemable

preferred securities

76

-

(1

)

-

-

75

Equity AFS securities

162

-

-

-

(162

)

-

Trading securities

49

(5

)

-

30

(7

)

67

Equity securities

-

(1

)

-

-

26

25

Derivative investments

30

170

(69

)

403

-

534

Other assets: (6)

GLB direct embedded derivatives

903

(780

)

-

-

-

123

GLB ceded embedded derivatives

51

21

-

-

-

72

Indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives

11

(117

)

-

1,008

-

902

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives (6)

(1,418

)

198

-

(85

)

-

(1,305

)

Other liabilities – GLB ceded embedded

-

-

-

-

-

-

derivatives (6)

(67

)

67

-

-

-

-

Total, net

$

3,139

$

(437

)

$

(271

)

$

2,045

$

(462

)

$

4,014

(1)The changes in fair value of the interest rate swaps are offset by an adjustment to derivative investments (see Note 6).

(2)Issuances, sales, maturities, settlements, calls, net, includes financial instruments acquired in the Liberty Life transaction as follows: corporate bonds of $67 million and ABS of $17 million.

(3)Transfers into or out of Level 3 for fixed maturity AFS and trading securities are reported at amortized cost as of the beginning-of-year. For fixed maturity AFS and trading securities, the difference between beginning-of-year amortized cost and beginning-of-year fair value was included in OCI and earnings, respectively, in the prior years.

(4)Transfers into or out of Level 3 for FHLB stock between equity securities and other investments are reported at cost on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(5)Amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are included in net investment income on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Gains (losses) from sales, maturities, settlements and calls and credit loss expense are included in realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

(6)Gains (losses) from the changes in fair value are included in realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following provides the components of the items included in issuances, sales, maturities, settlements and calls, net, excluding any effect of amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and changes in future contract benefits, (in millions) as reported above:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Issuances

Sales

Maturities

Settlements

Calls

Total

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

1,126

$

(250

)

$

(43

)

$

(237

)

$

(132

)

$

464

Foreign government bonds

-

-

(20

)

-

-

(20

)

ABS

572

-

-

(76

)

-

496

Hybrid and redeemable preferred

securities

14

(4

)

-

-

-

10

Mortgage loans on real estate

71

(15

)

-

-

-

56

Trading securities

300

(126

)

(40

)

(166

)

-

(32

)

Equity securities

22

(2

)

-

-

-

20

Derivative investments

520

(412

)

(471

)

-

-

(363

)

Other assets – indexed annuity ceded

embedded derivatives

25

-

-

(940

)

-

(915

)

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

-

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives

(284

)

-

-

284

-

-

Total, net

$

2,366

$

(809

)

$

(574

)

$

(1,135

)

$

(132

)

$

(284

)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

Issuances

Sales

Maturities

Settlements

Calls

Total

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

1,170

$

(28

)

$

(78

)

$

(156

)

$

(30

)

$

878

Foreign government bonds

-

-

(25

)

-

-

(25

)

RMBS

21

-

-

-

-

21

CMBS

7

-

-

(2

)

-

5

ABS

646

(8

)

-

(19

)

-

619

Trading securities

872

-

-

(22

)

-

850

Equity securities

50

(33

)

-

-

-

17

Derivative investments

555

(63

)

(331

)

-

-

161

Other assets – indexed annuity ceded

embedded derivatives

56

-

-

(189

)

-

(133

)

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives

(591

)

-

-

211

-

(380

)

Total, net

$

2,786

$

(132

)

$

(434

)

$

(177

)

$

(30

)

$

2,013


For the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Issuances

Sales

Maturities

Settlements

Calls

Total

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

947

$

(161

)

$

(3

)

$

(277

)

$

(77

)

$

429

U.S. government bonds

-

(5

)

-

-

-

(5

)

RMBS

7

-

-

-

-

7

CMBS

39

-

-

(4

)

-

35

ABS

240

(17

)

-

-

-

223

Trading securities

54

(24

)

-

-

-

30

Equity securities

1

(1

)

-

-

-

-

Derivative investments

365

464

(426

)

-

-

403

Other assets – indexed annuity ceded

embedded derivatives

1,030

-

-

(22

)

-

1,008

Future contract benefits – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts embedded derivatives

(284

)

-

-

199

-

(85

)

Total, net

$

2,399

$

256

$

(429

)

$

(104

)

$

(77

)

$

2,045

The following summarizes changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income, excluding any effect of amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and changes in future contract benefits, related to financial instruments carried at fair value classified within Level 3 that we still held (in millions):

For the Years Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

GLB

$

671

$

1,015

$

(75

)

Derivative investments

536

168

90

Embedded derivatives – indexed annuity

and IUL contracts

634

(97

)

(38

)

Total, net (1)

$

1,841

$

1,086

$

(23

)

(1)Included in realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following summarizes changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI, net of tax, excluding any effect of amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and changes in future contract benefits, related to financial instruments carried at fair value classified within Level 3 that we still held (in millions):

For the

Year Ended

December 31,

2020

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

58

Foreign government bonds

4

ABS

5

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

(3

)

Total, net

$

64


The following provides the components of the transfers into and out of Level 3 (in millions) as reported above:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Transfers

Transfers

Into

Out of

Level 3

Level 3

Total

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

343

$

(243

)

$

100

U.S. government bonds

5

(5

)

-

RMBS

1

(10

)

(9

)

ABS

20

(221

)

(201

)

Hybrid and redeemable preferred

securities

18

-

18

Mortgage loans on real estate

787

-

787

Trading securities

33

(34

)

(1

)

Equity securities

5

-

5

Derivative investments

-

(216

)

(216

)

Total, net

$

1,212

$

(729

)

$

483

For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

Transfers

Transfers

Into

Out of

Level 3

Level 3

Total

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

173

$

(222

)

$

(49

)

U.S. government bonds

5

-

5

RMBS

-

(17

)

(17

)

CMBS

-

(7

)

(7

)

ABS

9

(495

)

(486

)

Trading securities

5

(273

)

(268

)

Total, net

$

192

$

(1,014

)

$

(822

)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Transfers

Transfers

Into

Out of

Level 3

Level 3

Total

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

78

$

(140

)

$

(62

)

RMBS

-

(12

)

(12

)

CMBS

1

(40

)

(39

)

ABS

-

(206

)

(206

)

Equity AFS securities

-

(162

)

(162

)

Trading securities

-

(7

)

(7

)

Equity securities

26

-

26

Total, net

$

105

$

(567

)

$

(462

)

Transfers into and out of Level 3 are generally the result of observable market information on a security no longer being available or becoming available to our pricing vendors. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, transfers in and out of Level 3 were attributable primarily to the securities’ observable market information no longer being available or becoming available. In 2020, transfers into Level 3 included certain commercial mortgage loans electing the fair value option. The transfers were due to a lack of observable valuation inputs used by a third-party pricing source. In 2018, transfers into or out of Level 3 also included FHLB stock between equity securities and other investments at cost on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.


The following summarizes the fair value (in millions), valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs of the Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2020:

Weighted

Average

Fair

Valuation

Significant

Assumption or

Input

Value

Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Input Ranges

Range (1)

Assets

Investments:

Fixed maturity AFS and

trading securities:

Corporate bonds

$

3,370

Discounted cash flow

Liquidity/duration adjustment (2)

0.2

%

-

19.9

%

1.8

%

Foreign government

bonds

29

Discounted cash flow

Liquidity/duration adjustment (2)

6.0

%

-

6.0

%

6.0

%

ABS

20

Discounted cash flow

Liquidity/duration adjustment (2)

3.5

%

-

3.5

%

3.5

%

Equity securities

22

Discounted cash flow

Liquidity/duration adjustment (2)

4.5

%

-

6.0

%

5.6

%

Other assets – GLB direct

and ceded embedded

derivatives

532

Discounted cash flow

Long-term lapse rate (3)

1

%

-

30

%

(10)

%

Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (4)

85

%

-

100

%

94

%

Claims utilization factor (5)

60

%

-

100

%

(10)

%

Premiums utilization factor (5)

80

%

-

115

%

(10)

%

NPR (6)

0.06

%

-

1.35

%

0.95

%

Mortality rate (7)

(9)

(10)

Volatility (8)

1

%

-

28

%

14.53

%

Indexed annuity ceded

embedded derivatives

550

Discounted cash flow

Lapse rate (3)

0

%

-

9

%

(10)

%

Mortality rate (7)

(9)

(10)

Liabilities

Future contract benefits –

indexed annuity and IUL

contracts embedded

derivatives

$

(3,594

)

Discounted cash flow

Lapse rate (3)

0

%

-

9

%

(10)

%

Mortality rate (7)

(9)

(10)

(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments, unless otherwise noted.

(2)The liquidity/duration adjustment input represents an estimated market participant composite of adjustments attributable to liquidity premiums, expected durations, structures and credit quality that would be applied to the market observable information of an investment.

(3)The lapse rate input represents the estimated probability of a contract surrendering during a year, and thereby forgoing any future benefits. The range for indexed annuity and IUL contracts represents the lapse rates during the surrender charge period.

(4)The utilization of guaranteed withdrawals input represents the estimated percentage of contract holders that utilize the guaranteed withdrawal feature.

(5)The utilization factors are applied to the present value of claims or premiums, as appropriate, in the GLB reserve calculation to estimate the impact of inefficient withdrawal behavior, including taking less than or more than the maximum guaranteed withdrawal.

(6)The NPR input represents the estimated additional credit spread that market participants would apply to the market observable discount rate when pricing a contract. The NPR input was weighted by the absolute value of the sensitivity of the reserve to the NPR assumption.

(7)The mortality rate input represents the estimated probability of when an individual belonging to a particular group, categorized according to age or some other factor such as gender, will die.

(8)The volatility input represents overall volatilities assumed for the underlying variable annuity funds, which include a mixture of equity and fixed-income assets. Fair value of the variable annuity GLB embedded derivatives would increase if higher volatilities were used for valuation. Volatility assumptions vary by fund due to the benchmarking of different indices. The volatility input was weighted by the relative account value assigned to each index.

(9)The mortality rate is based on a combination of company and industry experience, adjusted for improvement factors.

(10)A weighted average input range is not a meaningful measurement for lapse rate, utilization factors or mortality rate.

From the table above, we have excluded Level 3 fair value measurements obtained from independent, third-party pricing sources. We do not develop the significant inputs used to measure the fair value of these assets and liabilities, and the information regarding the significant inputs is not readily available to us. Independent broker-quoted fair values are non-binding quotes developed by market makers or broker-dealers obtained from third-party sources recognized as market participants. The fair value of a broker-quoted asset or liability is based solely on the receipt of an updated quote from a single market maker or a broker-dealer recognized as a market participant as we do not adjust broker quotes when used as the fair value measurement for an asset or liability. Significant increases or decreases in any of the quotes received from a third-party broker-dealer may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

Changes in any of the significant inputs presented in the table above would have resulted in a significant change in the fair value measurement of the asset or liability as follows:

Investments – An increase in the liquidity/duration adjustment input would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value measurement.

Indexed annuity and IUL contracts embedded derivatives – For direct embedded derivatives, an increase in the lapse rate or mortality rate inputs would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value measurement.

GLB embedded derivatives – Assuming our GLB direct embedded derivatives are in a liability position: an increase in our lapse rate, NPR or mortality rate inputs would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value measurement; and an increase in the utilization of guaranteed withdrawal or volatility inputs would have resulted in an increase in the fair value measurement.

For each category discussed above, the unobservable inputs are not inter-related; therefore, a directional change in one input would not have affected the other inputs.

As part of our ongoing valuation process, we assess the reasonableness of our valuation techniques or models and make adjustments as necessary. For more information, see Note 1.