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Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract] |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments | Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Cash | $ | 104,655 |  |  | $ | 97,951 |
Money market instruments | 3,557 |  |  | 8,631 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 108,212 |  |  | 106,582 |
Treasury bills | 198,477 |  |  | 150,371 |
Corporate bonds | 137,871 |  |  | 47,395 |
Asset-backed securities | 78,407 |  |  | 59,203 |
Sovereign bonds | 8,101 |  |  | 21,579 |
Municipal bonds | 4,492 |  |  | 8,805 |
Agency bonds | — |  |  | 10,608 |
Short-term investments | 427,348 |  |  | 297,961 |
Corporate bonds | 162,566 |  |  | 296,014 |
Asset-backed securities | 53,631 |  |  | 71,727 |
Treasury bills | 32,760 |  |  | 23,459 |
Sovereign bonds | 6,316 |  |  | 13,147 |
Agency bonds | 5,921 |  |  | 14,890 |
Municipal bonds | 845 |  |  | 4,204 |
Long-term investments | 262,039 |  |  | 423,441 |
| $ | 797,599 |  |  | $ | 827,984 |
The Company’s cash balance included foreign bank balances totaling $67,502,000 and $66,777,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Treasury bills consist of debt securities issued by the U.S. government; corporate bonds consist of debt securities issued by both domestic and foreign companies; asset-backed securities consist of debt securities collateralized by pools of receivables or loans with credit enhancement; sovereign bonds consist of direct debt issued by foreign governments; municipal bonds consist of debt securities issued by state and local government entities; agency bonds consist of domestic or foreign obligations of government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises that have government backing. The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Short-term: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Treasury bills | $ | 198,512 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | (73 | ) |  | $ | 198,477 |
Corporate bonds | 138,219 |  |  | 27 |  |  | (375 | ) |  | 137,871 |
Asset-backed securities | 78,628 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (236 | ) |  | 78,407 |
Sovereign bonds | 8,135 |  |  | — |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 8,101 |
Municipal bonds | 4,492 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,492 |
Long-term: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | 163,847 |  |  | 107 |  |  | (1,388 | ) |  | 162,566 |
Asset-backed securities | 53,693 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (117 | ) |  | 53,631 |
Treasury bills | 32,722 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 32,760 |
Sovereign bonds | 6,286 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,316 |
Agency bonds | 5,930 |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 5,921 |
Municipal bonds | 855 |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 845 |
| $ | 691,319 |  |  | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | (2,255 | ) |  | $ | 689,387 |
The following table summarizes the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair values for available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
| Unrealized Loss Position For Less than 12 Months |  | Unrealized Loss Position For Greater than 12 Months |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Corporate bonds | $ | 145,596 |  |  | $ | (1,268 | ) |  | $ | 99,886 |  |  | $ | (495 | ) |  | $ | 245,482 |  |  | $ | (1,763 | )
Treasury bills | 114,836 |  |  | (73 | ) |  | $ | 13,850 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 128,686 |  |  | (86 | )
Asset-backed securities | 47,762 |  |  | (91 | ) |  | 44,585 |  |  | (262 | ) |  | 92,347 |  |  | (353 | )
Sovereign bonds | 3,492 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 4,609 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 8,101 |  |  | (34 | )
Agency Bonds | 5,920 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,920 |  |  | (9 | )
Municipal bonds | 1,302 |  |  | — |  |  | 845 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 2,147 |  |  | (10 | )
| $ | 318,908 |  |  | $ | (1,445 | ) |  | $ | 163,775 |  |  | $ | (810 | ) |  | $ | 482,683 |  |  | $ | (2,255 | )
As of December 31, 2018, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment of these investments. In its evaluation, management considered the type of security, the credit rating of the security, the length of time the security has been in a loss position, the size of the loss position, our intent and ability to hold the security to expected recovery of value, and other meaningful information. The Company does not intend to sell, and is unlikely to be required to sell, any of these available-for-sale investments before its effective maturity or market price recovery. The Company recorded gross realized gains on the sale of debt securities totaling $669,000 in 2018, $929,000 in 2017, and $292,000 in 2016, and gross realized losses on the sale of debt securities totaling $168,000 in 2018, $100,000 in 2017, and $101,000 in 2016. These gains and losses are included in "Investment income" on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Prior to the sale of these securities, unrealized gains and losses for these debt securities, net of tax, are recorded in shareholders’ equity as other comprehensive income (loss). The following table summarizes the effective maturity dates of the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
| <1 Year |  | 1-2 Years |  | 2-3 Years |  | 3-4 Years |  | 4-5 Years |  | 5-7 Years |  | Total
Corporate bonds | $ | 137,871 |  |  | $ | 81,921 |  |  | $ | 56,459 |  |  | $ | 20,060 |  |  | $ | 4,126 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300,437 |
Treasury bills | 198,477 |  |  | 32,760 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 231,237 |
Asset-backed securities | 78,407 |  |  | 27,665 |  |  | 7,715 |  |  | 11,004 |  |  | 3,416 |  |  | 3,831 |  |  | 132,038 |
Sovereign bonds | 8,101 |  |  | 6,316 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,417 |
Agency bonds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,921 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,921 |
Municipal bonds | 4,492 |  |  | 845 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,337 |
| $ | 427,348 |  |  | $ | 149,507 |  |  | $ | 64,174 |  |  | $ | 36,985 |  |  | $ | 7,542 |  |  | $ | 3,831 |  |  | $ | 689,387 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for cash, cash equivalents, investments in debt and equity instruments (including cost and equity investees and related income statement amounts), equity and cost method investments, investments in joint ventures and any other investment. + References No definition available. + Details
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