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Income Taxes
 3 Months Ended
Apr. 03, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate was 23% for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 and 11% for the three-month period ended April 4, 2021.
Discrete tax items for the three-month period ended April 4, 2021 included a decrease in tax expense of $5,207,000 related to stock-based compensation, primarily from the excess tax benefit arising from the difference between the deduction for tax purposes and the compensation cost recognized for financial reporting purposes from stock option exercises. This impact was not material for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022.

Discrete tax items for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,417,000 arising from an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audit, (2) an increase in tax expense of $1,734,000 to establish a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credits, and (3) an increase in tax expense of $3,187,000 consisting primarily of transfer pricing and return-to-provision adjustments.
Excluding the impact of these discrete tax items, the Company’s effective tax rate was 16% for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 and 18% for the three-month period ended April 4, 2021. The Company has defined its major tax jurisdictions as the United States, Ireland, China, and Korea, and within the United States, Massachusetts. The statutory tax rate is 12.5% in Ireland, 25% in China, and 22% in Korea compared to the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21%. These differences resulted in a lower effective tax rate for the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 due to more of the Company's profits being earned and taxed in lower tax jurisdictions. The remaining decrease in the effective tax rate for the three-month period was primarily attributable to higher estimated R&D tax credit utilization.
The Company’s reserve for income taxes, including gross interest and penalties, was $15,678,000 as of April 3, 2022, which included $15,110,000 classified as a non-current liability and $568,000 recorded as a reduction to non-current deferred tax assets. If the Company’s tax positions were sustained or the statutes of limitations related to certain positions expired, these reserves would be released and income tax expense would be reduced in a future period.
Within the United States, the tax years 2017 through 2020 remain open to examination by the IRS and various state tax authorities. The tax years 2016 through 2021 remain open to examination by various taxing authorities in other jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The Company is under audit by the IRS for the tax years 2017 and 2018. Management expects to release reserves associated with the periods under audit in the second or third quarter of 2022 when the Company receives the Closing Letter for Agreed Income Tax Cases from the IRS, resulting in a decrease in tax expense of approximately $2,400,000. The Company is no longer under audit by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for tax years 2017 and 2018. The audit was completed during the three-month period ended April 3, 2022 and resulted in no material tax impact to the Company's financial statements.